RU181328U1 - EXTRACTOR FOR VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The device relates to the food industry, namely, devices for extracting nutrients from plant materials. The technical result of the proposed device is to accelerate the extraction process, increase productivity by intensifying mixing of the feedstock and extractant. In the extractor for plant materials, including a vertical housing with steam a jacket and technological nozzles, in the lower part of which a horizontal lattice partition is installed, over which on the hollow shaft a mixing device is installed, made in the form of an upper and lower mixer, between which knives with side cutting edges are fixed at different heights, an extract collector, flexible elements are installed between the knives with side cutting edges.

Description

The device relates to the food industry, and in particular to devices for extracting nutrients from plant materials.

A known extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the invention to patent RU 2308308, IPC B01D 11/00, filed March 17, 2006, published October 20, 2007) containing a housing divided by a vertical partition that does not reach the bottom into two zones, nozzles for selection extract and extractant supply, inclined pipe, pulsator, compressor, liquid level sensor.

The disadvantages of this extractor are insufficiently fast dissolution of the solid phase in the liquid and a decrease in the quality of the product due to the significant investment of time in extracting the extract and maintaining the elevated temperature.

A known extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the invention to patent RU 1706096, IPC B01D 11/02, filed 04/11/1985, published 05/27/1995), containing a vertical cylindrical body with a steam jacket, an extractor collector with fittings for removing extract from the body and supplying steam to it. The housing is connected to the lid, in which a fitting is mounted for loading pre-ground solid phase into the housing, a fitting for introducing solvent (liquid phase) into the housing through an annular atomizer, a fitting for removing gas and vapor substances from the housing. A horizontal lattice partition is installed inside the housing in its lower part and work elements in the form of knives with side cutting edges mounted on a vertical shaft with the possibility of rotation around its axis and reciprocating movement are mounted above it.

The disadvantages of the described extractor are insufficient quality mixing and loosening of raw materials, a large loss of electricity on the reciprocating motion of the knife, the slow dissolution of the extractant in the feedstock, the low rate of the process of dissolution of the solid phase in the liquid, low productivity of the apparatus.

The closest in nature and taken as a prototype is an extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the utility model for patent RU 111012, IPC B01D 11/00, filed June 16, 2011, published December 10, 2011) containing a vertical case with a steam jacket, with technological branch pipes and dispenser. In the housing on the hollow shaft, a mixing device is coaxially mounted, which is made in the form of an upper and lower cross-shaped mixers. The lower mixer of the mixing device is hollow and provided with hollow L-shaped combs with holes at the ends curved upwards. The mixing device comprises knives with side cutting edges mounted on a hollow shaft at different heights. Each knife, when viewed from above, is located relative to the other knife at an angle of 45 °. Under the combs is a lattice partition.

The disadvantages of the known extractor are inadequate mixing of raw materials, delayed dissolution of the extractant in the feedstock, and as a consequence, low productivity of the device.

The technical result of the proposed device is to accelerate the extraction process, increase the productivity of the device due to the intensification of mixing of the feedstock and extractant.

The technical result is achieved in that an extractor for plant materials, including a vertical housing with a steam jacket and technological pipes, in the lower part of which a horizontal lattice partition is installed, over which a mixing device is installed on the hollow shaft, made in the form of upper and lower mixers, between which knives with lateral cutting edges are fixed at different heights, an extract collector, flexible elements are installed between the knives with lateral cutting edges.

In FIG. 1 shows an extractor for plant materials in section.

The extractor for plant materials contains a vertical casing 1 with a steam jacket 2, with technological branch pipes: supplying extractant 3, supplying 4 and extracting 5 coolant, extracting extract 6, extracting meal 7 and recycling extract 8, respectively, and a dispenser 9 (see Fig. 1 ) In the vertical housing 1 on the hollow shaft 10, a mixing device is installed, which is made in the form of an upper 11 and a lower 12 agitators. The mixing device comprises knives 15 mounted on a hollow shaft 10 between the lower 12 and upper 11 stirrers at different heights with the lateral cutting edges 16. Each knife 15, when viewed from above, is located relative to the other knife at a certain angle, so that the knives 15 are evenly distributed over the circle described around the geometrical axis of the hollow shaft 10. The hollow shaft 10 is perforated with holes 13. The lower mixer 12 can be perforated with holes 12. Between the knives 15 located at different levels, flexible elements 17. G bkie elements 17 can be formed as circuits, for example, of round. In the lower part of the vertical casing 1, under the lower mixer 12, there is a horizontal lattice partition 18. The vertical casing 1 is connected to a filter 19, an extract collector 20 and a vacuum pump 21 connected to the extract recirculation pipe 8, the last of which is communicated through the shaft cavity 10 from the bottom the mixer 12. The pipe 7 is connected to the unloading device 22 for simultaneous extraction of the extracted material. The shaft 10 rotates from the drive 14.

Extractor for plant materials works as follows. When the drive 14 is turned on, the vegetable or animal raw materials are dispensed by the dispenser 9 into the housing 1, the extractant is poured along the pipe 3 there. Rotation is transmitted to the hollow shaft 10 and the mixing device. In the field of centrifugal forces, the extraction mixture is mixed. Installed on the hollow shaft 10 of the mixer 11 and 12, as well as knives 15 located at different heights, connected by flexible elements 17, loosen the stagnant zones of raw materials throughout the entire volume of the vertical housing 1, facilitating access of the extractant to the entire surface of each solid particle. To maintain the required temperature, a steam jacket 2 is installed in the housing, where coolant is supplied through the pipe 4. The waste coolant is removed through the nozzle 5. As it saturates, the extract passes through the grating 18, where coarse filtration is carried out and is discharged through the nozzle 6 into the filter 19 to separate impurities and sent to the collector 20, where it settles from the remaining elements after filtration. Depending on the degree of saturation of the extract, the latter is sent for recirculation through the pipe 8 by means of a vacuum pump 21 into the cavity of the shaft 10. Due to the vacuum created by the pump 21, the extract aimed at re-saturation enters the extraction mixture under pressure through the openings 13.

After the extraction process is completed with the drive 14 running, the extract is completely drained from the vertical housing 1, and the extracted raw material is discharged through a pipe 7 connected to the unloading device 22, where the raw material is completely squeezed out. Next, the cycle of the extractor is repeated, and the selected extract is drained from the collection 20.

It is known that the extraction process is based on the diffusion transfer of substances extracted from their feedstock to the extractant. As a result of diffusion, transfer of extracted substances from cells through cell membranes to the surface of the particles of the feedstock is formed, on the surface of the feedstock a fixed diffusion layer is formed whose thickness is different and depends on the speed of the extractant relative to the feedstock. The diffusion layer is resistance for the extraction of substances, because slows the release of substances from raw materials. Having overcome the diffusion layer, the extracted substances are distributed throughout the extractant according to the laws of free convective diffusion.

An effective way to create the conditions under which the destruction of the diffusion layer on the surface of the particles of the feedstock is intensified is to ensure the movement of the extractant relative to the feedstock by mixing them during the extraction process.

Flexible elements 17 are preferably in the form of round link chains. In this case, the constituent elements of the chain have the shape of rings, which contributes to the intensification of the process of mixing the feedstock with the extractant with a slight increase in resistance to rotation, due to the fact that the mixed mass of the feedstock with the extractant will flow around the chain links both outside and through the openings of the chain rings .

The presence of flexible elements 17 ensures the destruction of the continuity of the mass of the feedstock located between the knives located at different levels, and thereby additional mixing of the extractant and the feedstock. The result is the intensification of the movement of the extractant relative to the feedstock, which helps to improve the conditions for convective diffusion, accelerate the extraction process, and as a result increase the productivity of the device.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Description of the invention to patent RU 2308308, IPC B01D 11/00, filed March 17, 2006, published October 20, 2007.

2. Description of the invention to patent RU 1706096, IPC B01D 11/02, claimed 04.11.1985, published 05.27.1995.

3. Description of the utility model for the patent RU 111012, IPC B01D 11/00, claimed 16.06.2011, published 10.12.2011.

Claims (2)

1. Extractor for plant materials, including a vertical case with a steam jacket and technological pipes, in the lower part of which a horizontal lattice partition is installed, over which a mixing device is installed on the hollow shaft, made in the form of upper and lower mixers, between which knives are fixed at different heights with lateral cutting edges, an extract collector, characterized in that flexible elements are installed between the knives with lateral cutting edges. 2. Extractor for plant materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible elements are made in the form of chains.

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