RU2714472C1 - Extractor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry, in particular, to devices for extraction of useful substances from vegetal raw materials. Extractor includes vertical housing (1), inside which there is a mixing device made in form of hollow shaft (10), on which knives (15) are fixed at different height. Each knife (15) has shape of perforated holes (17) of plate with one sharpened edge (16). Each knife (15) is installed on hollow shaft (10) with possibility of rotation around geometrical axis of its attachment, wherein attachment of knife to hollow shaft (10) is shifted from geometrical axis (12) passing through its center, towards sharpened edge (16). Mixing device (14) drive reverses its rotation. On hollow shaft (10) there are limiters (23) preventing complete rotation of blade (15) around their attachment to hollow shaft (10).

EFFECT: technical result consists in intensification of extraction process, as well as in increase in extractor efficiency.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, and in particular to devices for extracting nutrients from plant materials.

A known extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the invention to patent RU 2308308, IPC B01D 11/00, filed March 17, 2006, published October 20, 2007) containing a housing divided by a vertical partition that does not reach the bottom into two zones, nozzles for selection extract and extractant supply, inclined pipe, pulsator, compressor, liquid level sensor.

The disadvantages of this extractor are the prolonged dissolution of the solid phase in the liquid, a decrease in the quality of the product, and a significant investment of time in extracting the extract and in maintaining the elevated temperature.

A known extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the invention to patent RU 1706096, IPC B01D 11/02, filed 04/11/1985, published 05/27/1995), containing a vertical cylindrical body with a steam jacket, an extractor collector with fittings for removing extract from the body and supplying steam to it. The housing is connected to the lid, in which a fitting is mounted for loading pre-ground solid phase into the housing, a fitting for introducing solvent (liquid phase) into the housing through an annular atomizer, a fitting for removing gas and vapor substances from the housing. Inside the casing in its lower part there is a horizontal lattice partition and above it mounted working elements in the form of knives with side cutting edges, mounted on a vertical shaft with the possibility of rotation around its axis and reciprocating movement.

The disadvantages of the described extractor are insufficient quality mixing and loosening of raw materials, a large loss of electricity on the reciprocating motion of the knife, slow dissolution of the extractant in the feedstock, the low rate of the process of dissolution of the solid phase in the liquid, low productivity of the extractor.

The closest in nature and taken as a prototype is an extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the utility model for patent RU 111012, IPC B01D 11/00, filed June 16, 2011, published December 10, 2011), containing a vertical case with a steam jacket, with technological branch pipes and dispenser. In the housing on the hollow shaft, a mixing device is coaxially mounted, which is made in the form of an upper and lower cross-shaped stirrers. The lower mixer of the mixing device is hollow and provided with hollow L-shaped combs with holes at the ends curved upwards. The mixing device comprises knives with side cutting edges mounted on a hollow shaft at different heights. Each knife, when viewed from above, is located relative to the other knife at an angle of 45 °. Under the combs is a lattice partition.

The disadvantages of the known extractor are inadequate mixing of raw materials, delayed dissolution of the extractant in the feedstock, and, as a result, low productivity.

The technical result of the invention is to intensify the extraction process, increase productivity by accelerating the process of dissolution of the extractant in the feedstock by destroying its structure and intensifying the mixing of the feedstock and extractant.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the extractor, which includes a vertical case with a steam jacket and technological nozzles, in the lower part of which there is a horizontal lattice partition, above which a mixing device is installed, made in the form of a hollow shaft on which knives are mounted at different heights, an extract collector , the drive of the mixing device provides reversal of its rotation, each knife has the form of a perforated plate with holes with one sharpened edge, the knife is installed flax on the hollow shaft with the possibility of rotation around the geometric axis of its fastening, and the fastening of the knife to the hollow shaft is offset from the geometric axis passing through its center, towards the sharpened edge, limiters are installed on the hollow shaft, preventing the knife from turning around the fastener to the hollow shaft.

In FIG. 1 shows an extractor when operating in a mixer mode. In FIG. 2 shows an extractor when operating in the regrind mode. In FIG. 3 shows view A of the extractor. In FIG. 4 shows a section BB extractor. In FIG. 5 shows a section BB extractor.

The extractor contains a vertical, housing 1 with a steam jacket 2, with technological pipes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, the supply of extractant, supply and removal of coolant, extract, extract the meal and recirculation of the extract, respectively, and a dispenser 9. In a vertical case 1, a mixing device is installed with the possibility of reverse rotation, including a hollow shaft 10 with knives placed at different heights 15. The knives 15 are made in the form of plates perforated by holes 17 with one cutting edge 16. Each knife 15 is located in a plan view but another knife at a certain angle, so that the knives 15 are evenly distributed around the circumference described around the geometrical axis of the hollow shaft 10. Each knife 15 is mounted on the hollow shaft 10 with the possibility of rotation around the geometrical axis of its mount 11, wherein the knife is attached to the hollow the shaft is offset from the geometrical axis 12 passing through its center, towards the sharpened edge 16. On the hollow shaft 10, stops 23 are installed that prevent the complete rotation of the knife 15 around the mount 11 to the hollow shaft 10. The hollow shaft 10 is perforated rstii 13. In the lower part of the vertical casing 1 there is a horizontal lattice partition 18. The vertical casing 1 is connected to a filter 19, an extract collector 20 and a vacuum pump 21 connected to the extract recirculation pipe 8, the last of which is connected to the shaft cavity 10. Pipe 7 connected to a discharge device 22 for simultaneous extraction of the extracted material. The mixing device rotates from the reversing drive 14.

Extractor for plant materials works as follows. When the drive 14, providing rotation of the mixing device (according to Fig. 1) clockwise, the plant material is fed into the housing 1 through the dispenser 9, the extractant is poured along the pipe 3 there. In this direction of rotation, due to the fact that the knife attachment to the hollow shaft is offset from the geometric axis passing through its center towards the sharpened edge, the knife will rotate around the geometric axis of its attachment to the hollow shaft until it stops against the stop. In this case, the knife will occupy a position in which its wide plane will be at an acute angle to the geometric axis of rotation of the hollow shaft (Fig. 1). In this position, the mixing device will ensure mixing of the feedstock with the extractant. The presence of perforation holes in the knife will contribute to the intensification of this process.

After a certain period of time established experimentally, for each combination of the type of plant material and extractant, the direction of rotation of the mixer is reversed. In this direction of rotation, due to the fact that the attachment of the knife to the hollow shaft is offset from the geometrical axis passing through its center, the knife will rotate around the geometrical axis of its fastening to the hollow shaft to the position at which its cutting edge will be perpendicular to the geometric axis of rotation of the hollow shaft (Fig. 2). In this mode of operation, the knives will ensure the destruction of the structure of plant materials by cutting its fibers and thereby provide access to the extractant to the new surface of plant materials.

The next reversal of the movement will allow intensive mixing of the extractant and the feedstock, in which there will be an intensive removal of the extracted substances from the newly created as a result of the destruction of the structure of plant materials at the previous stage of the fiber surfaces.

The number of motion reversal cycles can be different and depends on the type of feedstock, the size of its fraction, the type of extractant, the quantitative ratio of the feedstock and extractant and is established experimentally for each combination of factors.

To maintain the required temperature, a steam jacket 2 is installed in the housing, where coolant is supplied through the pipe 4. The waste coolant is removed through the nozzle 5. As it saturates, the extract passes through the grating 18, where coarse filtration is carried out and is discharged through the nozzle 6 into the filter 19 to separate impurities and sent to the collector 20, where it settles from the remaining elements after filtration. Depending on the degree of saturation of the extract, the latter is sent for recirculation through the pipe 8 with the help of a vacuum pump 21 into the cavity of the shaft 10. Due to the vacuum created by the pump 21, the extract aimed at re-saturation enters the extraction mixture under pressure through the openings 13.

After the extraction process is completed with the drive 14 running, the extract is completely drained from the vertical housing 1, and the extracted material is discharged through a pipe 7 connected to the unloading device 22, where the raw material is completely squeezed out.

It is known that the extraction process is based on the diffusion transfer of substances extracted from the feedstock to the extractant. As a result of diffusion, there is a transfer from the cells through cell membranes to the surface of the particles of the feedstock of extracted substances, on the surface of the feedstock a fixed diffusion layer is formed, the thickness of which is different and depends on the speed of the extractant relative to the feedstock. The diffusion layer is resistance for the extraction of substances, because slows the release of substances from raw materials. Having overcome the diffusion layer, the extracted substances are distributed throughout the extractant according to the laws of free convective diffusion.

An effective way to create the conditions under which the destruction of the diffusion layer on the surface of the particles of the feedstock is intensified is to ensure the movement of the extractant relative to the feedstock by mixing them during the extraction process.

Knives 15 mounted on the hollow shaft 10 with the possibility of rotation relative to it during rotation in one direction ensure the destruction of the structure of the feedstock by cutting its fibers and thereby provide access to the extractant to a new surface. When reversing movement due to its position and perforation, the knives provide intensive washing with the extractant of the feedstock. This combination of processes of destruction of the structure of the feedstock and mixing contributes to the destruction of stagnant zones of raw materials throughout the vertical housing 1, facilitating access of the extractant to the entire surface of each solid particle. All this helps to accelerate the extraction process, increase the productivity of the extractor.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Description of the invention to patent RU 2308308, IPC B01D 11/00, filed March 17, 2006, published October 20, 2007.

2. Description of the invention to patent RU 1706096, IPC B01D 11/02, claimed 04.11.1985, published 05.27.1995.

3. Description of the utility model for the patent RU 111012, IPC B01D 11/00, claimed 16.06.2011, published 10.12.2011.

Claims (1)

Extractor, including a vertical case with a steam jacket and technological nozzles, in the lower part of which a horizontal lattice partition is installed, over which a mixing device is installed, made in the form of a hollow shaft, on which knives are mounted at different heights, an extract collector, characterized in that the mixing drive device provides reversal of its rotation, each knife has the form of a perforated plate with holes with one sharpened edge, the knife is mounted on a hollow shaft with rotation around the geometric axis of its mounting, and the mounting of the knife to the hollow shaft is offset from the geometric axis passing through its center towards the sharpened edge, limiters are installed on the hollow shaft that prevent the knife from turning around the mount to the hollow shaft.

Images