RU196119U1 - Mobile device for emulsion extraction of plant materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a mobile device for processing plant materials, the allocation of biologically active substances and can be used in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical industries to obtain extracts with biological activity. The technical result consists in increasing the functionality, increasing the productivity of the installation by increasing the speed of filtration and automation of the workflow. The technical result is achieved due to the presence in the extraction apparatus of an additional coarse filter coarse filter block ensuring uniform distribution of the separated solid sediment, the presence of additional nozzles with taps to enable the filtering of the suspension under pressure, the presence of a control unit for labor-intensive operations (lifting the lid, installing a working tanks at an angle). 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to a mobile apparatus for the processing of plant materials, the allocation of biologically active substances and can be used in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical industries to obtain extracts with biological activity.

Known apparatus column type [RF patent No. 20133439, IPC C11B9 / 02].

It is known the use of a rotary pulsation apparatus [RF patent No. 2445143, IPC B01D11 / 02; B01F7 / 00]. The intensification of the extraction process of plant materials is carried out due to the multiple processing of raw materials through grinding, abrasion and impact loads.

Extractors with periodic or continuous mixing of plant materials are known, for example, using a mixer [RF patent No. 2091121, IPC B01D11 / 02] or ultrasonic vibrations [RF patent No. 2053006, IPC B 01 D11 / 02; RF patent No. 2127752, IPC С11В11 / 02].

These installations are not mobile, require additional stationary equipment and are not economically feasible for use in production in small business facilities.

At the Institute of Chemistry of Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an emulsion method for extracting plant materials has been developed, which is effectively used to isolate dietary supplements from woody fir and spruce. For a high yield of the extractive components of the needles, it is necessary that the extractor provides conditions for the saponification of lipids, the exclusion of stagnant zones, the possibility of obtaining an oil-in-water emulsion and the transfer of the lipid part to the aqueous medium along with water-soluble components.

As a result of scientific research and technological work in a small innovative enterprise, NTP Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a prototype plant for emulsion extraction of plant materials was developed and manufactured and tested to isolate dietary supplements from coniferous trees.

The essential features of this installation, which we have chosen for the prototype, are published in the scope of the formula for the application for invention No. 2014112160. The plant for extraction of plant materials contains a body with a bottom and a cover made of food stainless steel, in working condition rotating at an angle of 45 degrees, the installation body is made in the form of a pear-shaped drum with three inner blades curved in the direction of rotation, the cover is equipped with a filter net, the device is equipped with technological fittings, is rotationally driven by an electric motor mounted under the bottom, has devices for lifting the lid and turning the housing 180 ° to extract the target product.

The disadvantage of this device is the duration of filtration, clogging of the filter, the complexity of its cleaning, which ultimately reduces performance.

The technical result consists in increasing the functionality, increasing the productivity of the installation by increasing the speed of filtration and automation of the workflow.

The technical result is achieved due to the presence in the extraction apparatus of an additional coarse filter coarse filter block ensuring uniform distribution of the separated solid sediment, the presence of additional nozzles with taps to enable the filtering of the suspension under pressure, the presence of a control unit for labor-intensive operations (lifting the lid, installing a working tanks at an angle).

The utility model is illustrated by drawings. In fig. 1 shows a general view of the installation from the side, in fig. 2 - view of the installation with a fine filtration unit, in fig. 3 - view of the installation with a rough filtration unit, in fig. 4 - block rough cleaning.

A mobile device for emulsion extraction of plant materials includes

a barrel-shaped working container 1, the upper part of which is hermetically connected through a gasket of a seal 18 to a cylindrical filter neck 2, and the lower part is interconnected with an electric motor 13 through a bearing assembly 12 and a gear block with a guard 30;

a conical cover 3 with an internal working chamber, which in an operational state is hermetically connected to the neck 2 through a flange connection 17 (A) and 17 (B) using brackets 4 with clamps 5;

a bed 14 having a stable base and two vertical racks, one of which is 35 above the level of the upper part of the apparatus;

a rotary frame 9, on which a working container 1 is installed, interconnected with vertical posts through the bearing assembly 29;

a lifting device mounted on a vertical stand 35, in the form of an electric winch 11 with a control panel 10, while the electric winch has a block 22 through which a cable 23 passes through an eyelet 21 with a cover 3 of a working container 1;

the rotation unit of the working capacity from 0 to 180 degrees, including a tipping gear 7, an electric motor for driving the gear 8, a device for fixing the location of the working capacity at an angle in the form of a stopper 33 with the pedal 34.

On the outer surface of the device there are: a socket for installing a thermometer 6, a pressure gauge 16, two pipes with valves for supplying compressed air 15, a hinge 20 for lifting the cover with an eye for the cable 21. For mounting the hinge 20, an arm 19 is installed in the upper part of the filter neck 2.

On the inner surface of the working tank 1 there are eyelets 32, to which three removable blades 31 are attached, while the blades have dimensions and shape, ensuring full capture of the extracted raw material.

From the outside of the working chamber of the lid 3, an extract discharge fitting 28 is installed. Inside the working chamber 3, a support ring-shaped plate 24 is made of sheet steel with numerous openings up to 10 cm in diameter, and a fine filter block mounted in the fastening socket of the flange 17A of the lid 3.

The fine filter block, designed to remove small particles of extractable plant material from the solution, rests on the plate 24, contains a rigid lattice 25 made of sheet steel with numerous holes with a diameter of 3-2 mm (not shown in the drawing), a fine filter mesh 26 with pressure device 27. The fine filter unit is attached to the flange 17A of the cover 3 (in which the mounting socket is made) using a bolted connection.

The coarse cleaning unit, designed to remove coarse particles of extractable plant material from the solution, is located in the filtering neck, consists of a cone-shaped trellis frame 36 and a coarse filtration grid 37 fixed inside the frame. The coarse filtration unit is attached to the inner surface by the diameter of the flange 17B using a bolted connection. The coarse cleaning unit is removable for subsequent washing. To ensure the possibility of removal and installation of the coarse cleaning block at the base of the frame 36, U-shaped openings are made that allow fixing and removing the frame through the thumbscrews (M8 type DIN 316) mounted on the inner surface of the neck flange 17B 2. Rigidity of the U-shaped openings it is provided with internal brackets, which are handles for mounting and dismounting the coarse cleaning unit.

The diameters of the wires for the filter screens 26 and 37 and the mesh size are selected depending on the type of plant material. In particular, for the extraction of wood green fir, the authors used a fine filter woven filter mesh GOST 3187-76 made of stainless steel 12X18H10T (mesh size / wire diameter 0.1-0.2 / 0.08-0.12 mm), for coarse filter - woven wire mesh GOST 3826-82 of stainless steel 12X18H10T (cell side dimensions 0.5-2.0 * 0.5-2.0, wire diameter - 0.5-1mm, type of weaving - linen).

The operation of the device is as follows.

Extracted raw material is poured into the working container 1 with the neck 2, the extractant is added at an effective ratio, the coarse cleaning unit is installed in the neck 2, hermetically closed with the lid 3 by means of brackets 4 with clamps 5. The capacity using the rotary frame 9 is set at an angle of 15-45 degrees ( depending on the type of raw material) by the electric motor 8 of the drive of the gearbox 7, the position of the working capacity is fixed using the stopper 33 and the pedal 34. The installation is brought into a working state by turning on the electric motor 13. During the extraction Hovhan green wood of coniferous trees used aqueous alkaline solution of low concentration. When the container rotates, the raw materials located in the water-alkaline medium rises with the shoulder blades 31 upwards. Under the influence of gravitational and centrifugal forces, mechanical and chemical destruction of the cell walls of plant materials, the destruction of the chemical bonds of the protein-lipid complex, the extraction of biologically active substances into the extract and the formation of an oil-in-water emulsion are ensured. The design of three blades mounted in a barrel-shaped container ensures complete capture of raw materials and the participation of all solid particles in the container in the extraction process. During the extraction process, the formation of stagnant zones is excluded due to the shape of the working tank 1, the design of the blades 31, and the rotation speed of the device.

At the end of the extraction process time specified by the regulations, the installation is turned off by an electric motor 13. A hose is connected to the extract drain fitting 28. The working capacity 1 using the rotary frame 9 is transferred to the filtration position (cover 3 down), using the electric motor 8 of the gearbox drive 7, the location of the working capacity is fixed using the stopper 33 and pedal 34. To one of the nozzles 15 with an installed valve for supplying compressed air attach a hose, open the tap and supply compressed air with a compressor to a value of 0.16 MPa. The pressure is controlled using a pressure gauge installed in the socket 16. If necessary, the increased pressure drop using the second pipe 15 with a mounted valve. The created pressure difference of 0.16 MPa significantly speeds up the process of separating the solid residue and filtering the extract, increases the amount of processed raw materials and the productivity of the apparatus.

In working condition, when filtering the obtained extract, the coarse block 36.37 installed in the neck 2 is located above the fine block 25.26.27. The cone-shaped structure of the frame 36 provides and eliminates resistance from the plant biomass. The lattice cone 36, formed by strip rings of sheet metal and longitudinal guides, acts as a distributor of the flow of the filtered suspension over the surface of the coarse mesh 37.

After passing through coarse and fine cleaning blocks, the filtered product enters the chamber of the cone-shaped lid 3 and is discharged to the collection container of the finished extract through the drain outlet fitting 28.

After completion of the discharge of the extract, the compressor for supplying compressed air is turned off, the working capacity 1 is communicated with the atmosphere using a valve of the nozzle 15, and the discharge hose is disconnected from the outlet drain 28. The capacity with the help of the rotary frame 9 is brought into position at an angle of 90 degrees by the electric motor 8 of the drive of the gearbox 7, the location of the working capacity is fixed using the stopper 33 and the pedal 34. Open the cover 3 by means of brackets 4 with clamps 5. From the neck 2 remove the rough block for it cleaning up. They carry out the extraction of solid sediment (meal) for its subsequent drying, clean the inner surface of the working tank 1 and the mesh 26 of the fine block.

Example 1. Carried out the extraction of green wood fir, crushed to a size of 5-0.5 mm on a similar installation. After the extraction, filtering at atmospheric pressure proceeded for 4 hours through a normal filter (cell 0.2 * 0.12 mm).

Example 2. The extraction of green wood spruce, crushed to a size of 5-0.5 mm on the installation-analogue. After the extraction, filtering at atmospheric pressure proceeded for 3 hours through a normal filter (0.2 * 0.12 mm).

Example 3. The extraction of green wood fir, crushed to a size of 5-0.5 mm on the proposed device. The fir green wood extract was filtered by double filtration through a coarse filter (mesh 1.5 * 1.5 mm) and through a fine filter (0.2 * 0.12 mm) at an increased pressure of 0.16 MPa for 45 min .

Example 4. The extraction of green wood spruce, crushed to a size of 5-0.5 mm on the proposed device. The spruce green extract was filtered by double filtration through a coarse filter (mesh 1.5 * 1.5 mm) and through a fine filter (0.2 * 0.12 mm) at an increased pressure of 0.16 MPa for 35 min .

Example 5. The extraction of plant materials was carried out, crushed to a certain size on the proposed device. At the end of the isolation cycle, a high-quality filtered extract product was obtained with a sediment layer thickness of 30 cm, a mass fraction of the solid phase in suspension c = 0.15, and with the character of the solid phase of the suspension, a fibrous coarse suspension with a particle size of at least 100 μm.

Thus, the use of double pressure filtering in the claimed design allows to increase the productivity of the extraction apparatus by 4 times and increase the amount of extract obtained. In addition, the scope of application for new types of plant materials is expanding.

The installation is cost-effective, easy to manufacture and maintain (does not contain complex electronic components), can be mounted and used on farms, small innovative enterprises to isolate biologically active substances.

Claims (1)

A mobile apparatus for emulsion extraction of plant materials, including a barrel-shaped working container 1, the upper part of which is hermetically connected through a gasket of the seal 18 to the cylindrical filter neck 2, and the lower part is interconnected with the electric motor 13 through the bearing assembly 12 and the gear block with the guard 30; a conical cover 3 with an internal working chamber, which in an operational state is hermetically connected to the neck 2 through a flange connection 17 (A) and 17 (B) using brackets 4 with clamps 5; a bed 14 having a stable base and two vertical racks, one of which is 35 above the level of the upper part of the apparatus; a rotary frame 9, interconnected with vertical racks through the bearing assembly 29, on which the working capacity 1 is installed; a lifting device mounted on a vertical stand 35, in the form of an electric winch 11 with a control panel 10, while the electric winch has a block 22 through which a cable 23 passes through an eyelet 21 with a cover 3 of a working container 1; the rotation unit of the working capacity from 0 to 180 °, comprising a tipping gear 7, an electric motor for driving the gear 8, a device for fixing the location of the working capacity at an angle in the form of a stopper 33 with the pedal 34, while on the outer surface of the apparatus are made: socket for installing a thermometer 6 , pressure gauge 16, two nozzles with valves for supplying compressed air 15, a hinge 20 for lifting the cover with an arm 19; on the inner surface of the working tank 1 there are eyes 32, to which three removable blades 31 are attached, while the blades have dimensions and shape, ensuring full capture of the extracted raw material; an extract discharge outlet fitting 28 is installed outside the working chamber of the lid 3, an annular supporting plate 24 is made inside the working chamber 3, made of sheet steel with numerous openings up to 10 cm in diameter, and a fine filtering unit, while a fine filtering unit designed to be removed from the solution small particles of extracted plant material, attached to the flange 17A of the cover 3, rests on the plate 24, contains a rigid lattice 25 made of sheet steel with numerous holes with a diameter of 2-3 mm, set fine filter 26 with a clamping device 27; the apparatus further comprises a coarse cleaning unit, designed to remove coarse particles of extractable plant material from the solution, located in the filter neck, consisting of a cone-shaped lattice frame 36 and a coarse filter mesh 37 fixed inside the frame, and the coarse filtering unit is attached to the inner surface of the flange 17B using a bolted connection, while the block is removable for subsequent washing, for which a U-shaped is made at the base of the frame 36 ie openings that allow the binding and removal of the carcass through the thumbscrews.

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