RU2716414C1 - Extractor for vegetal raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry, in particular, to extractors for extraction of useful substances from vegetal raw materials. Extractor for vegetal raw material includes vertical housing (1), inside which there is a mixing device made in form of hollow shaft (10), on which knives (15) are fixed at different height. Each knife (15) has shape of perforated holes (17) of plate with one sharpened edge (16) along long side. Along edges of short end surface of knife (15) facing towards hollow shaft (10), two ledges (11, 23) are made. Ledge (11) located on side of sharpened edge (16) is made cylindrical and forms rotary kinematic pair with hollow shaft (10). Ledge (23) located on the same end of knife (15), but on opposite side, has length larger than diameter of hollow shaft (10). Stirring device is equipped with reversible drive (14).

EFFECT: technical result consists in destruction of stagnant zones of material throughout the volume of housing, which accelerates extraction process and increases efficiency of extractor.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, and in particular to devices for extracting nutrients from plant materials.

A known extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the invention to patent RU 2308308, IPC B01D 11/00, filed March 17, 2006, published October 20, 2007) containing a housing divided by a vertical partition that does not reach the bottom into two zones, nozzles for selection extract and extractant supply, inclined pipe, pulsator, compressor, liquid level sensor.

The disadvantages of this extractor are the prolonged dissolution of the solid phase in the liquid and a decrease in the quality of the product and the significant investment of time in extracting the extract and in maintaining the elevated temperature.

A known extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the invention to patent RU 1706096, IPC B01D 11/02, filed 04.11.1985, published 05.27.1995), containing a vertical cylindrical body with a steam jacket, an extractor collector with fittings for removing extract from the body and supplying steam to it. The housing is connected to the lid, in which a fitting is mounted for loading pre-ground solid phase into the housing, a fitting for introducing solvent (liquid phase) into the housing through an annular atomizer, a fitting for removing gas and vapor substances from the housing. A horizontal lattice partition is installed inside the casing in its lower part and work elements in the form of knives with side cutting edges mounted on a vertical shaft with the possibility of rotation around its axis and reciprocating movement are mounted above it.

The disadvantages of the described extractor are insufficient quality mixing and loosening of raw materials, a large loss of electricity on the reciprocating motion of the knife, slow dissolution of the extractant in the feedstock, low speed of the process of dissolution of the solid phase in the liquid, low productivity of the apparatus.

The closest in essence and taken as a prototype is an extractor for the solid-liquid system (Description of the utility model for patent RU 111012, IPC B01D 11/00, filed June 16, 2011, published December 10, 2011) containing a vertical case with a steam jacket, with technological branch pipes and dispenser. In the housing on the hollow shaft, a mixing device is coaxially mounted, which is made in the form of an upper and lower cross-shaped stirrers. The lower mixer of the mixing device is hollow and provided with hollow L-shaped combs with holes at the ends curved upwards. The mixing device comprises knives with side cutting edges mounted on a hollow shaft at different heights. Each knife when viewed from above is relative to the other knife at an angle of 45 °. Under the combs is a lattice partition.

The disadvantages of the known extractor are inadequate mixing of raw materials, delayed dissolution of the extractant in the feedstock, and as a consequence, low productivity of the device.

The technical result of the invention is to intensify the extraction process, increase productivity by accelerating the process of dissolution of the extractant in the feedstock by destroying its structure and intensifying the mixing of the feedstock and extractant.

The technical result is achieved in that in the extractor for plant materials, including a vertical body with a steam jacket and technological pipes, in the lower part of which a horizontal lattice partition is installed, over which a mixing device is installed, made in the form of a hollow shaft on which knives are mounted at different heights, extract collector, each knife is in the form of a plate with one sharpened edge along the long side, along the edges of the short end surface of the knife facing the hollow shaft, two protrusions are made, the protrusion located on the side of the sharpened edge is cylindrical and forms a rotational kinematic pair with a hollow shaft, the protrusion located on the same end of the knife, but on the opposite side, has a length greater than the diameter of the hollow shaft, mixing device equipped with reversible drive.

In FIG. 1 shows an extractor for plant materials during operation in the mixer mode. In FIG. 2 shows an extractor for plant materials during operation in the mode of destruction of the structure of plant materials. In FIG. 3 shows a view A of an extractor for plant materials. In FIG. 4 shows a section BB extractor for plant materials. In FIG. 5 shows a cross-section BB extractor for plant materials.

The extractor for plant materials contains a vertical casing 1 with a steam jacket 2, with technological pipes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, the supply of extractant, supply and removal of coolant, extract, extract the meal and recirculation of the extract, respectively, and a dispenser 9. A mixing device equipped with a reversible drive 14 is installed in the vertical housing 1, including a hollow shaft 10 with knives 15 located at different heights. The knives 15 are made in the form of perforated holes 17 with one cutting edge 16. Each knife 15 is viewed from above is located relative to the other knife at a certain angle, so that the knives 15 are evenly distributed around the circumference described around the geometric axis of the hollow shaft 10. Two protrusions 11, 23 are made along the edges of the short end surface of the knife 15 facing the hollow shaft 10. The protrusion 11, located on the side of the sharpened edge 16, is cylindrical and forms a rotational kinematic pair with a hollow shaft 10. The protrusion 23, located on the same end of the knife, but on the opposite side, has a length greater than the diameter of the polo th shaft 10. In the lower part of the vertical housing 1 there is a horizontal lattice partition 18. The vertical housing 1 is connected to a filter 19, an extract collector 20 and a vacuum pump 21 connected to the extract recirculation pipe 8, the last of which is connected to the shaft cavity 10. The pipe 7 is connected to the unloading device 22 for simultaneous extraction of the extracted material.

Extractor for plant materials works as follows. When the reversible drive 14 is turned on, which ensures the rotation of the mixing device (Fig. 1) clockwise, the vegetable or animal feed is fed into the housing 1 by the dispenser 9, and the extractant is poured along the pipe 3 there. In this direction of rotation, the knife 15 due to the fact that the protrusion 11 forms a rotational kinematic pair with a hollow shaft 10 will rotate in this assembly with a protrusion 23, having a length greater than the diameter of the hollow shaft, into the hollow shaft 10. In this case, the knife will take in which its wide plane will be at an acute angle to the geometric axis of rotation of the hollow shaft (Fig. 1). The protrusion 23 performs the function of a limiter of the angle of rotation of the knife. In this position, the mixing device will ensure mixing of the feedstock with the extractant. The presence of perforation holes in the knife will contribute to the intensification of this process.

After a certain period of time established experimentally for each combination of the type of plant material and extractant, the direction of rotation of the mixing device is reversed (Fig. 2). With this direction of rotation, the knife 15 will rotate in a rotational kinematic pair formed by the protrusion 11 and the hollow shaft 10, to a position where its cutting edge 16 will be perpendicular to the geometric axis of rotation of the hollow shaft (Fig. 2). In this mode of operation, the knives will ensure the destruction of the structure of plant materials and thereby, by cutting its fibers, provide extractant access to the new surface of plant materials.

The following reversal of the movement will allow for intensive removal of the extracted substances from the fiber cutting planes newly created as a result of the destruction of the structure of the plant material due to intensive mixing of the contents of the housing 1.

The number of motion reversal cycles can be different and depends on the type of feedstock, the size of its fraction, the type of extractant, the quantitative ratio of the feedstock and extractant and is established experimentally for each of the above combinations of factors.

To maintain the required temperature, a steam jacket 2 is installed in the housing, where coolant is supplied through the pipe 4. The waste heat carrier is removed through the nozzle 5. As it saturates, the extract passes through the grating 18, where coarse filtration is carried out and is discharged through the nozzle 6 into the filter 19 to separate impurities and sent to the collector 20, where it settles from the remaining elements after filtration. Depending on the degree of saturation of the extract, the latter is sent for recirculation through the pipe 8 by means of a vacuum pump 21 into the cavity of the shaft 10. Due to the vacuum created by the pump 21, the extract aimed at re-saturation enters the extraction mixture under pressure through the openings 13.

After the extraction process is completed with the drive 14 running, the extract is completely drained from the vertical housing 1, and the extracted raw material is discharged through a pipe 7 connected to the unloading device 22, where the raw material is completely squeezed out.

It is known that the extraction process is based on the diffusion transfer of substances extracted from the feedstock to the extractant. As a result of diffusion, there is a transfer from the cells through cell membranes to the surface of the particles of the feedstock of the extracted substances, on the surface of the feedstock a fixed diffusion layer is formed, the thickness of which is different and depends on the speed of the extractant relative to the feedstock. The diffusion layer is resistance for the extraction of substances, because slows the release of substances from raw materials. Having overcome the diffusion layer, the extracted substances are distributed throughout the extractant according to the laws of free convective diffusion.

An effective way to create the conditions under which the destruction of the diffusion layer on the surface of the particles of the feedstock is intensified is to ensure the movement of the extractant relative to the feedstock by mixing them during the extraction process.

Due to the fact that on each knife 15 at the edges of the short end surface facing the hollow shaft, two protrusions are made, the first protrusion located on the side of the sharpened edge is cylindrical and forms a rotational kinematic pair with a hollow shaft, and the second protrusion located on the same end of the knife, but on the opposite side, has a length greater than the diameter of the hollow shaft, the knife can be operated in two modes, depending on the direction of rotation of the mixing device - structural damage cheers of the feedstock when the cutting edge of the knife is perpendicular to the geometric axis of rotation of the hollow shaft 10 and mixing when the knife is in a position close (at an acute angle) to the mixing device perpendicular to the geometric axis of rotation.

When rotating in one direction, the knives ensure the destruction of the structure of the feedstock by cutting its fibers and thereby access the extractant to a new surface, while reversing the movement due to its position and perforation, the knives provide intensive washing with the extractant of the feedstock.

This combination of grinding and mixing processes contributes to the destruction of stagnant zones of raw materials throughout the volume of the vertical casing 1, facilitating access of the extractant to the entire surface of each solid particle. All this helps to accelerate the extraction process, increase the productivity of the extractor for plant materials.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Description of the invention to patent RU 2308308, IPC B01D 11/00, filed March 17, 2006, published October 20, 2007.

2. Description of the invention to patent RU 1706096, IPC B01D 11/02, claimed 04.11.1985, published 05.27.1995.

3. Description of the utility model for the patent RU 111012, IPC B01D 11/00, claimed 16.06.2011, published 10.12.2011.

Claims (1)

Extractor for plant materials, including a vertical case with a steam jacket and technological pipes, in the lower part of which there is a horizontal lattice partition, above which a mixing device is installed, made in the form of a hollow shaft on which knives are mounted at different heights, an extract collector, characterized in that each knife has the form of a hole-punched plate with one sharpened edge along the long side, along the edges of the short end surface of the knife, facing toward of the hollow shaft, two protrusions are made, the protrusion located on the side of the sharpened edge is cylindrical and forms a rotational kinematic pair with a hollow shaft, the protrusion located on the same end of the knife but on the opposite side has a length greater than the diameter of the hollow shaft, mixing the device is equipped with a reversible drive.

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