RU1804743C - Root cultivation mechanized method - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agriculture, in particular in methods of cultivating fodder root crops. SSA (invention); the method involves plowing, after cutting the soil, by slaughtering slots of the longitudinal-cross section to a depth of 8-12 cm for oriented movement of the agricultural unit. Sowing furrows are simultaneously cut into which liquid-water is introduced at a flow rate of 0.15-0 , 30 l / m linear furrow with a plowing width of 10-15 cm, to the depth of root crops, which increases the yield, reduces production costs and improves the environmental friendliness of the product. 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production and can be used for the cultivation of root crops: turnips, Kuusik and other row crops.

The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity, reduce the cost of cultivating root crops and increase the environmental friendliness of products.

This goal is achieved by the fact that as working bodies for cutting gaps, pupils are used, installed at a depth of ... 12 cm, forming slots with a triangular cross section, while water is used as a liquid to be introduced at a flow rate of 0.15, .. 0, 30 liters. Per linear meter of furrow with a tape width of .10 ... 15 cm, which is applied to a depth equal to the depth of sowing of root crops.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a combined unit PPR-5.6 and POU with a hiller mounted on it; in FIG. 2 - tape scheme

shielded subsoil water; Fig. 3 is a diagram of the movement of the unit during pre-emergence processing.

The claimed method is carried out as follows

In the spring period, the soil is plowed (by a plow), after plowing no more than 2 days before sowing (as with the prototype), cutting is done by working bodies (hiller 1, which are set to a depth of ... 12 cm, and hillers 1 have a triangular cross-sectional shape, which allows them to cut slots 2 with triangular cross-sections), guiding slots for the oriented movement of the agricultural unit. Simultaneously with the cutting of the guide slots 2, grooves 3 are cut into the furrows to the depth of sowing of the seeds of root crops and to the same depth with the help of sprayer 4, water is introduced at a width of (tape) 10 ... 15 cm with a flow rate of 0.15 ... 0, 30 liters per

4 h

00

linear meter of a furrow. After that, the soil is loosened by a loosened groove cutter 3, by means of a plume 5 installed behind the groove cutter 3. Thus, water 6 is taped into the soil by shielding.

Sowing of root crops seeds is carried out with SUPO-6 or СО-4,2 villages along the longitudinal axes of the furrows indicated above. For oriented movement of the unit during sowing, guide slots 2 are used by installing the wheels 7 of the tractor 8 (unit) in them.

After sowing on 4 ,,. 6 day pre-emergence treatment is performed. In this case, the unit follows the sowing unit (according to the direction of the initially cut guide slots 2). During the time between the cutting of the guide slots 2 and the pre-emergence treatment, these slots deform and swell, however, their trace remains visually noticeable, which allows for an oriented movement of the aggregate. When pre-emergence processing, the nibblers 1 are also used, which are placed along the initially cut slits 2 to a depth of 8 ... 12 cm. The nibblers 1, moving along the initially cut slits 2, again restore their shape and size. In this case, the soil removed from the cracks sprinkles root crops from the sides.

After germination of the root crops, a post-emergence treatment is carried out. In this case, the spouts 1 are arranged in the same manner and perform the same process as in the pre-emergence treatment.

As root crops form, mechanized harvesting is carried out.

Example. Root crops prefer loose, cultivated soil; therefore, plowing is carried out to a depth of 27 ... 30 cm. Under rainfed conditions, a time gap between the main processing, presowing and sowing of root crops cannot be allowed. After plowing, the field is leveled with a joker and rolled with water filling rollers.

Depending on the preparedness, the floor is filled with water before sowing, at the same time as cutting the cracks. In this case, the pre-sowing cultivation of the soil is carried out by a combined unit consisting of a tractor MTZ-80, a feeding machine - a sprayer POU and a cultivator-plant feeder KPH-5,6. The cultivator is equipped with slithereries 1 (hills), furrows 3, loops 5 and a hydroficated marker 9. Under rainfed conditions, two slots 2 are cut, followed by wheels 7 of tractor 8. At the same time, the slots are cut to a depth of 8 ... 12 cm, and

later, during cultivations, the slit is restored by the hills 1. This depth determines their reliable copying and allows maintaining the soil in the loose state along the track of the tractor 8. To add water to the soil, sections are placed on the cultivator in an amount equal to the number of rows sown simultaneously root crops: with a spacing of 70 cm - b pcs. On the

0 bar of the cultivator have a sprayer bar 10, leaving the required number of holes on it. The combined unit (see Fig. 1) performs pre-sowing tillage to a depth

5 seeding of seeds, introduces tape water 6 to the same depth in strips 10 ... 15 cm wide and cutting two guide slots with 2 spouts 1.

Take into account the set rate of water consumption

0 and the speed of the unit, set the fluid flow rate per 1 meter of furrow through one sprayer, equal to 0.15 ... 0.30 liters. If the actual rate of water flow through one sprayer is 5 more or less than the set value, the working pressure is reduced or increased. By moving the tube 11 of the atomizer 4 in height, the width of the processed strip is 0.10 ... 0.15 cm.

0 Before sowing, the seeds of the root crops are cleaned, sorted and calibrated to obtain a high yield.

When fodder root crops are cultivated in a seedlingless manner, SUPO-6 or СО-4,2 seedlings are used. The seeding rate of seeds of root crops is 0.5 ... 1.2 kg / ha, and the depth of seeding of seeds is 2 ... 3 cm.

Plant care operations are carried out by plant-feed cultivators

0, 6 using the device PPR-5,6. Preparation of the unit is carried out in accordance with the technical description of PPR-5.6. at the same time, the hills 1 are additionally installed.

5 Pre-emergence treatment is performed on 4 ... 6 days after sowing. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the working machine (KRN-5,6) goes with hillers along the trail of the sowing unit and the working bodies (weeding rotors) carry out surface tillage in the protective zone and over a row of sowed seeds. This allows you to effectively combat weeds and restore a deformed crevice.

5 The first inter-row treatment is carried out until the plants reach a height of 5 cm. The preparation of the unit is also carried out according to the technical description PPR-5.6, with the spouts installed. The second inter-processing is done after

when the plants reach a height of more than 5 cm. Subsequently, the number of inter-row treatments using PPR-5,6 working bodies and pellets is determined by soil moisture and the number of weeds.

In mechanized harvesting, separate harvesting is used with pruning tops on the vine. KIR-1,5 is used for cutting tops. The roots are harvested with the MKK-6 harvester.

Thus, when using the claimed mechanized method of cultivating root crops in comparison with the prototype, the yield can be increased by 173%. the cost of production is reduced by 62%.

Claims (1)

Claims A mechanized method of cultivating root crops, including plowing the soil, cutting by working bodies guiding slots for the oriented movement of the agricultural aggregate and sowing furrows with simultaneous tape shielded introduction of liquid into the furrows, as well as the subsequent restoration and use of these slots for sowing root crops, pre-emergence and post-emergence tillage, harvesting root crops, characterized in that, in order to increase yields, reducing costs and improving the environmental friendliness of products obtained in a dry steppe zone, cutting gaps is carried out by pupils 8-12 cm deep with images Niemi slots of triangular cross-section, and as the fluid introduced is water at a rate of 1 liter per 0,15-0.30 m linear grooves with a width of 10-15 cm spray, which was applied to a depth of root crop planting. / FIG. L