RU1790330C - Corn growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: In a method involving pre-sowing soil cultivation, sowing and agrotechnical care of crops with the introduction of a stimulating solution during the growing season of the plants, it is proposed to increase the environmental friendliness of the method by eliminating the use of herbicides and increasing the productivity of plants as a stimulating solution to use an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium humate and urea at their concentration (wt.%), respectively, 0.018-0.022 and 2.5-3.1, and its introduction is carried out in the development phases of plants 3-4 and 10-12 leaves p at the rate of consumption l / ha. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production.

A known method of cultivating corn by industrial technology, based on the introduction of high doses of effective herbicides, organic and mineral fertilizers, the use of a set of different early maturing highly productive hybrids, the effective use of a complex of high-performance equipment.

However, with industrial technology for the cultivation of corn, widespread use of chemistry contributes to environmental pollution, disturbance of the ecological balance in nature, accumulation of residual pesticides and nitrates in the grain and green mass of corn, which negatively affects the health of people and animals.

The closest in technical essence method of cultivating corn is also known - this is a herbicide-free technology.

This technology is as follows.

In the crop rotation, maize is placed after winter crops, the main tillage is carried out in autumn and consists of cultivating, destroying weeds and fertilizing. The peeling is carried out to a depth of 6-8 cm. The amount of mineral and organic fertilizers is 40-60 t / ha. Pre-treatment with bi-biology consists of cultivation carried out to a depth of 12-14 cm at an angle of 35-40 °. Hybrids are used for sowing. Sowing is carried out when the soil is warmed to a depth of 10 cm to 10-12 ° C, the seed placement depth is not less than 10 cm.

In the sowing care stage, weed control is of particular importance. Pre-emergence cultivation with harrowing and pre-emergence harrowing is carried out. Pre-emergence cultivation with harrowing is carried out after 4-5 days. after sowing with the USMK-5.4 cultivator, the depth is 3-4 cm. 2-3 days before the emergence of maize seedlings, pre-emergence harrowing is carried out with medium harrows. After pre-emergence cultivation and pre-emergence harrowing weed seedlings

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plants usually appear in a phase of 3-4 corn leaves. They are destroyed by direct harrowing with light harrows.

The inter-cultivation is carried out to a depth of 8-10 cm 4-5 days after emergence harrowing. The second inter-row cultivation is used by lancet paws and loosening stakes of 10-12 cm depending on the condition of the soil and weediness of the floor. Pre-emergence cultivation, pre-emergence emergence harrowing destroy most of the weed koa. However, with herbicide-free technology, the yield of maize is reduced on sloping eroded fields with complex topography and more fertilizers are applied than in the proposed method. The aim of the invention is to increase plant productivity and increase the efficiency of the method.

The goal is achieved by that; that in the known method of cultivating corn, including pre-sowing tillage, sowing and agrotechnical care of crops with the introduction of a stimulating solution, during the growing season of plants, an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium humate and urea at their concentration is used as a stimulating solution (May / (respectively 0.018- 0.022 and 2.5-3.1, and its introduction is carried out in phases of plant development of 3-4 and 10-12 leaves at a flow rate of 300-305 l / ha.

The author and the applicant see the novelty in that, in comparison with the known technologies, in the proposed technical solutions, by eliminating the use of herbicides, reducing the amount of mineral fertilizers, and introducing into certain phases of the development of agricultural crops of the proposed mixture, an increase in yield is achieved on sloping eroded complex relief of the fields and improvement of the ecological condition of the soil. j, - -;

According to the data of the scientific, technical, and patent literature, a combination of features is not revealed that is aimed at achieving the set goal, which allows us to conclude that the features are significant. -

According to the proposed technology, corn is placed after any crop. Corn should not be returned to the field earlier than 3 years, due to the possible damage to plants by southern helminthospores. The main tillage is carried out in spring to form a loose cultivated arable layer (0-30 cm) with a good structure, able to accumulate moisture and provide corn plants during the growing season. The main processing is carried out by a plow PN-4-35, PLN-5-35 or PLN-6-35 in the unit

with tractors of class 3-4 tf. Pre-sowing tillage is carried out upon the occurrence of physical ripeness of the soil by cultivation. The depth of cultivation depends on the quality of cutting the processed layer and

soil moisture (10-14 cm).

After the first (early) cultivation, the soil surface should be leveled with cutting wintering seedlings of early even weeds. Cultivation was carried out 5 to a depth of 10-14 cm at an angle of 45 ° to the direction of plowing. Pre-sowing cultivation is carried out in 1-2 days. before sowing to a depth of 8-9 cm. The selection of hybrids is carried out taking into account their resistance to the south

0 helminthosporiosis. Hybrids with Moldovan cytoplasmic sterility are used for this.

Sowing of corn is carried out to a depth of 10 cm when the soil temperature ID-5 reaches 12 ° C. Sowing is carried out dotted with a spacing of 70 cm between the pneumatic sowing SUPN-8. Simultaneously with sowing, one of the complex fertilizers nitroammophos or nitrophos is applied locally in the amount of

0 1.5 kg / ha (on eroded - nitrophos No. 21-25 P12-23, on non-eroded - nitroammophos No. 16-24 P20-25). The density of one hundred plants is established taking into account soil and climatic conditions and biological

5 features of hybrids. It can range from 38-40 to 45-50 thousand plants per 1 ha. Depth of embedment is not less than 10 cm, which allows for up to three pre-emergence harrows, eliminating overdrying

0 zones of placement of the upper roots of the roots and their overheating.

Crop care involves three harrows to a depth of 3-6 cm before emergence. In a phase of 3-4 leaves of maize, an emergence harrow is carried out. In a phase of 3-4 leaves, a mixture is introduced consisting of sodium humate AND urea in the form of an aqueous solution in an amount of 300 l / ha concentration,%:

0 Humate. 0.018-0.022 Carbamide 2.5-3.5 The introduction of such a mixture into this phase allows the corn to grow rapidly, which creates good conditions for rooting the primary roots and growing a large leaf surface before emergence of the second generation of weeds. It also contributes to the rapid transition of maize plants to autotrophic (independent) nutrition.

According to the proposed technology, the first intercultural cultivation is carried out at the very beginning by the appearance of weeds with one-sided razors and cultivating racks. The depth depends on the moisture content of 5 soils and does not exceed 6 cm. The protection zone is 8-10 cm. The second inter-row treatment is carried out by pointed arms to a depth of 8-19 cm depending on soil moisture. Inter-row processing is completed by hilling with the help of paws - dumpers KRN-52 and KRN-53. In a phase of 10-12 leaves, a mixture of sodium humate and urea is added in the form of an aqueous solution in an amount of 300 l / ha with a concentration of 15. %:

Sodium humate 0.018-0.022 Carbamide 2.5-3.5 It was during this period that the growth of 20 processes and the appearance of regular leaves in maize plants stopped. The introduction of a mixture of sodium humate and urea provides both the formation of fruiting organs and the acceleration of the appearance of successive leaves as a result of a 25 increase in the photosynthetic activity of the latter. As a result of the use of the proposed methods, a stable increase in productivity is ensured, while at the same time the ecological state of the soil is improved. .Example.

The main processing, fertilizing, pre-sowing treatment is carried out analogously to the example described above. In phases 35 3-4 and 10-12 leaves of corn plants are treated with an aqueous solution of Na humate and urea in an amount of 300 l / ha concentration,%:

Humate Na .0.016 40 Urea 2.0 Yield data are shown in the table.

PRI me R 2.

The operations on the main and pre-sowing 45 processing and sowing are similar to Example 1. In phases 3-4 and 10-12 of the leaves, the maize plants are treated with an aqueous solution of Na guate and urea in an amount of 300 l / ha concentration,%: 50 Humate Na. 0,018 Urea 2.5 Corn yield data are shown in the table.

PrimerZ.55 The operations on primary and pre-sowing tillage and sowing are similar to procedure 1. In phases 3-4 and 10-12 of the leaves, the corn grows are treated with water

a solution of Na humate and urea in an amount of 300 l / ha concentration,%:

Humate Na0.020

Urea 3.0

Yield data are given in the table.

PRI me R 4.

The operations for primary and pre-sowing processing and sowing are similar to example 1.

In 8 phases, 3-4 and 10-12 leaves of a corn plant are treated with a solution of Na humate and urea in an amount of 300 l / ha concentration,%:

Humate Na0.022

Urea 3.1

Yield data are given in the table.

Example 5. The operations for primary and pre-sowing processing and sowing are similar to Example 1. In phases 3-4 and 10-12 of the leaves, corn plants are treated with a solution of Na humate and urea in an amount of 300 l / ha concentration,%:

Humate Na0.024

Urea3.5

As a result of the use of urea at a concentration of 3.5%, plant burns are observed. Therefore, such a concentration cannot be used.

Yield data are given in the table.

PRI me R 6 (control).

The main processing is carried out in the fall by loosening, destroying weeds and applying fertilizers. The peeling is carried out to a depth of 8 cm. The amount of mineral and organic fertilizers is 40-80 t / ha. The pre-tillage treatment consists of cultivation to a depth of 12-14 cm at an angle of 35-40 ° to the direction of plowing. Pre-sowing cultivation is carried out 1-2 days before sowing to a depth of 8-9 cm. Sowing is carried out to a depth

9 cm when the soil temperature reaches .12 ° C. The seed placement depth is 8–9 cm. After 5 days. after sowing, pre-emergence cultivation is carried out to a depth of 3-4 cm. 3 days before the emergence of seedlings, pre-emergence harrowing is carried out. Harrowing is done by light harrows. Intercultural cultivation is carried out to a depth of 8 cm 5 days after emergence harrowing. The second inter-row cultivation is carried out to a depth of 12 cm.

Yield data are also given in the table.

Example.

The main and pre-sowing treatments and sowing are carried out analogously to example 1. In phases 3-4 and 10-12 of the leaves of the corn plant is treated with an aqueous solution of humate No. concentration of 0.020%.

Yield data are given in the table.

Example B.

The main and pre-sowing tillage and sowing are carried out analogously to Example 1. In phases 3-4 and 10-12 of the leaves, the corn plants are treated with an aqueous urea solution in an amount of 3.0%.

Yield data are given in the table.

PRI me R 9.

The main and pre-sowing tillage and sowing are carried out analogously to example 1. But a mixture of Na humate and urea in the form of an aqueous solution in an amount of 300 l / ha concentration,%:

HumateMa0.020

Urea 3.0 is added in the phases of 6-7 and 13t14 leaves. Yield data are given in the table.

As can be seen from the table, the use of a mixture of Na humate and urea in the phases of 3-4 and 10-12 leaves provides an increase in yield of 20.6-27.9 kg / ha, which is 30.9-41.8%. The best option is to add 300 l / ha of an aqueous solution of a mixture of Na humate and urea concentration,% :.

Humate No. 0.02

Urea 3.0

At the same time, it should be noted that the separate application of Na humate or urea alone does not provide in the indicated optimum values the yield increase that is achieved in the proposed time. If we add the yield increases achieved by separately adding sodium humate and urea, together, this value is also less than the increase that is achieved in the proposed method. The foregoing does not allow us to talk about the total effect that is achieved with the combined use of Na humate and urea. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the introduction of optimal amounts of Na humate and urea into other phases, for example, into the phases of leaves 6–7 and 13–14, does not allow us to achieve our goal (Example 9).

Thus, the proposed technical solution makes it possible to increase the yield of corn by 27.9 kg / ha (41.8%).

At the same time, the ecological condition of the soil is improved, since the proposed technology excludes herbicides and the amount of fertilizer applied is reduced by 50%.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method of cultivating corn, including pre-sowing soil cultivation, sowing and agrotechnical care of crops with the introduction of a stimulating solution during the growing season of the plant, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of the plant and to increase the ecologicity of the method by eliminating productivity corn at different doses the use of herbicides, an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium humate and urea is used as a stimulating solution at a concentration in wt.% of 0.018-0.022 and 2.5-3.1, respectively, and its introduction is carried out in phases of plant development 3-4 and 10- 12 leaves with a consumption rate of 300-305 l / ha. ratios of sodium humate and urea