RU1782483C - Hydroponic installation - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agriculture. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A hydroponic installation comprises inclined crossbars 1 pivotally connected at the top of the frame. Trays 4 are mounted on them for growing plants. Trays 5 are mounted on a horizontal telescopic crossbar 2. Periodically, after a given period of time, the electric circuit LL Ё V / m oo j is closed 00 CJ

Description

The nutrient solution through a pipe 31 enters the collector 30 and then into the trays 4 and 5. The solution is absorbed by the soil and held for a predetermined period of time. After that, the solution enters the hoses 38, and of them into the nutrient solution tank. Thus, the drain cycle is closed. After a certain period of time, the circuit is opened, the flow of solution is stopped. When the crossbars 1 are moved to the approaching position, the movable elements 11 move with the trays 5, the crossbars 2 are folded. When the emphasis 57 reaches the microswitch 56, the latter trips and disables the folding mechanism 3. 3 zp, f-ly, 6 ill.

The invention relates to devices for growing plants in greenhouses using hydroponics.

Hydroponic plants for the cultivation of plants of many kinds are known, containing a prismatic-shaped frame on which the beds are installed in the form of trays or pots or in the form of porous walls into a piping system for supplying a nutrient solution and draining.

The disadvantage of such plants is the complexity of their design, the irrational use of the greenhouse area due to the need for transition devices for maintenance personnel.

A device for growing plants in a greenhouse is known which is mounted on a movement mechanism for moving the device inside the greenhouse.

The disadvantage of this device is the irrational use of the volume of the greenhouse, since only the horizontal surface of the frame is used.

The closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a hydroponic installation comprising a frame made in the form of pivotally mounted in the upper part of the inclined crossbars with trays for growing plants mounted on them, a piping system for feeding and draining the nutrient solution, the folding mechanism of the inclined crossbars in the form of a screw, the ends of which are connected by means of threaded elements to the bolts and which is kinematically connected to the drive.

The disadvantage of this installation is the irrational use of the volume of the greenhouse, since the volume of the greenhouse inside the frame is not used, as well as the difficulties encountered during its maintenance.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the installation and the convenience of its operation,

This goal is achieved in that a hydroponic installation containing a frame made in the form of articulated fasteners in the upper part of inclined crossbars with trays for growing plants mounted on them, a piping system

for feeding and draining the nutrient solution, a mechanism for folding the inclined bolts in the form of a screw, the ends of which are connected by threaded elements to the bolts and which is kinematically connected to the drive, provided between the inclined bolts and made of separate telescopically connected elements for installation trays for growing plants with a horizontal crossbar, with one end of the horizontal crossbar pivotally connected to the inclined crossbar, and the other to the fi mounted on the other inclined crossbar a xator and a rod connected to the drum,

kinematically connected to the drive, with cylindrical rollers with a hemispherical groove installed at the ends of the inclined crossbars.

The installation can be equipped with a strip of reflective material placed between the inclined beams and a light source located between it and the horizontal bead.

Installation may also be provided.

an angle sensor between the inclined crossbars electrically connected to the drive.

In a preferred embodiment, the drive drum is connected via two pulleys,

covered by flexible couplings and adapter sleeve.

1 schematically shows a hydroponic installation; in Fig.2 - node I in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows a telescopic crossbar (a-in the extended state, b-in the folded state); figure 4 is a roller; figure 5 is a section aa in figure 4; figure 6 is a fragment of the installation.

Gidroponnaya installation includes pivotally connected in the upper part of the frame

inclined crossbars 1. Horizontal telescopes are installed in the lower part of the frame

The crossbar 2 and the folding mechanism 3 of the inclined crossbars 1. The inclined crossbars 1 and the telescopic crossbars 2 form a triangular frame. On the crossbars 1 there are fixed trays 4 for growing plants made of metal or plastic, in the lids of which, in plastic vessels with soil, the root system of plants is placed. On the horizontal telescopic crossbar 2, trays 5 of a given shape are also fixed, made taking into account the placement of the root system when the crossbar is rotated.

The folding mechanism 3 has a catch 6. The frame is equipped with cylindrical rollers 7 mounted at the ends of the inclined crossbars 1 with drives 8 (for example, an electric motor), which are mounted on rails 9.

Microswitches 10 are installed on the rails 9 at the appropriate points, which are in contact with the hooks 6.

The trays 5 of the horizontal crossbar 2 are attached to its movable elements 11. the crossbar 2 is attached to the left inclined crossbar 1 by a hinge 12. To the right inclined crossbar 1 the crossbar 2 can be attached by means of a lock 13. The lock is made in the form of a hook 14 placed on the crossbar 2, and a latch - a receiving protrusion 15. located on the console mounted on the crossbar 1 at the level of the horizontal telescopic crossbar 2. At the same time, the rollers 16 and 17 are fixed to the catching protrusion 15 of the lock. A roller 18 is attached to the hook 14 in the upper her parts. The rollers 16-18 are designed to pass the gi-rope 19, on which a counterweight 20 is suspended on one side, and the lifting mechanism of the crossbar 2 is mounted on the drum 21. The drum 21 is attached to the crossbar 1 via the console 22 and connected via a pulley 23 and a flexible connection with a transition drum 24, which is also cantileverly fixed to the beam 1. The transition drum 24 is connected to the electric drive 28 of the folding mechanism of the crossbars 1 and the lifting device of the crossbar 2 by means of the coupling 25, the transition clutch 26 and the pulley 27.

The piping system for supplying and draining the nutrient solution includes flexible radial feed pipes 29 with openings of a given diameter. Using pipes 29, the inputs of the trays 4 are connected to the collectors 30, which are located in the upper part of the frame (from the supply side of the solution). The collectors 30 are connected to the pipe 31 and the feed tank 32 by means of flexible hoses 33 and a pump 34. Pump 34

0

) 5

j

5 30 5 0 5

0 5

equipped with an electric motor 35. Under the guides 9 installed main trays 36. which are connected through the pipe 37 to the tank 32. Hoses 38, designed to discharge the nutrient solution from the outlet openings of the tray 4, are mounted on the crossbars 1 so that their drain holes fall into the slot of the main tray 36.

The feed tank 32 is connected by means of hoses 39 and metering pumps 40 (each for its own type of fertilizer) to tanks 41 intended for mother liquor fertilizers. Dosing pumps 40 are connected to electric drives 42, which are electrically connected to the concentration regulator of mineral fertilizers 43, a concentration meter 44, a temperature sensor of the nutrient solution 45 (located in the tank 32), air temperature sensors 46, humidity 47, and the level of solar radiation or artificial radiation sources 48, carbon dioxide concentrations 49 (located in the greenhouse) and a plant development phase adjuster 50 located on the operator’s control panel. Similarly made the system for supplying and draining the solution in the trays 5.

The plants are tied to a trellis, stretched parallel to trays 4,5, mounted on brackets placed at their ends. Folding mechanism 3 is in the form of a screw 51 and a nut 52. The nuts 52 are pivotally mounted. Folding mechanism 3 is connected to electric motor 28 by chain transmission 53 and communication 54. Between the crossbars 1 above the trays 5 there are placed sources of artificial radiation 55. The angle sensor is made in the form of microswitches 56 and stop 57. Wheels 58 are fixed on screws 51, Wheels 58 are connected to each other and to electric motors 28 via a chain gear 53. For tensioning the coupling 25, a deflecting stop 59 is fixed on the inclined crossbar. A strip of reflective material 60 is fixed between the crossbars.

The movable elements 61 of the crossbar with the trays 5 mounted on them are connected by rods 62.

The roller shown in Fig. 4 is cylindrical and has a groove forming a hemisphere. Thus, the hydroponic unit is movable along cylindrical guides 9.

Hydroponic installation works as follows, in plastic vessels. placed in the lids of trays 4.5 plant seeds or seedlings of plants.

Periodically, after a specified period of time, the electric circuit supplying the electric motor 35 of the pump 34 is closed. The pump 34 from the tank 32 moves the nutrient solution through a pipe 31 through a flexible hose 33 to the collectors 30. From the collector 30, the solution is moved through radial pipes 29 to the entrances of the trays 4 and 5. The solution flowing through the trays is absorbed by the soil in the pots and is kept for a predetermined period of time by feeding the root system of the plants. Next, the solution, reaching the outlet openings of the trays 4.5, enters the drain radial pipes 38, closing the exits of the trays. From the pipes 38, the solution enters the main trays 36, on which it enters the tank of the nutrient solution 32 through the pipe 37. Thus, the cycle of feeding the nutrient solution is closed. After a certain period of time, the electric circuit supplying the electric motor 35 of the pump 34 is opened. The supply of the nutrient solution is stopped. After a certain period of time, the electric circuit supplying the electric motor 35 of the pump 34 again closes, and again the nutrient solution is fed into the trays 4,5. Thus, automatic feeding of the nutrient solution takes place.

To perform technological operations such as tying plants to a trellis, harvesting, removing plant debris, a passage is used that is located between the side fence and the frame. For their implementation, the inclined crossbars 1 with trays 4 are moved to a predetermined position, approaching the vertical one, for which they close the electric circuit supplying the electric motor 28. The electric motor 28 drives the chain gear 53, which rotates the screw 51 by means of gears 58. The screw 51 moves crossbars 1 e set position or from it to the opposite. As the electric motor 28, an asynchronous electric motor is used,

When the inclined crossbars 1 are moved to the approaching position, under the pressure of the receiving protrusion 15 onto the hook 14, the movable elements 11 with the trays 5 of the horizontal crossbar move (the crossbars 2 are folded). The movement of the inclined crossbars 1 and horizontal 2 continues until the stop 57 reaches the microswitch 56. When the stop 57 reaches the microswitch 56, it last trips and disconnects the folding mechanism 3 of the inclined crossbars 1 through the connection 54. At the same time, the microswitch 56 includes a transition electromagnetic a clutch 26, through which, through the pulley 27, the link 25 and the transition drum 24, the rotation of the electric motor 28 is transmitted to the drum 21, which, when rotated, wraps the cable 19, and the latter, in turn, leads t hook 14 of the latch-protrusion 15, carried out the lifting of the folded crossbar 2 in

set inclined position. In this case, the weakening of the coupling 25 is eliminated by additional tension due to the deflecting stop 59. The movement of the crossbar 2 in an inclined position and the crossbars 1 in the direction of increasing the angle at the apex is carried out in the reverse order.

In order to move the frames along the guides 9, an electric circuit supplying the electric motor 8 is closed, for example.

of the first frame, Electric motors 8 rotate the rollers 7 and move the first frame. Regulation and sequence of movement of other frames is carried out similarly to the first.

After performing all technological operations on the second frame and moving it, close the electric circuit of electric motors 8 of the third frame, then the fourth, etc., moving the frames with

one place to another. At the end of all operations, the carcasses remain in place. After a certain period of time, when the work is performed again, the frames are moved to the initial position and all technological operations are performed sequentially.

The invention improves the efficiency of the installation (increase the landing area of greenhouses by

15-20%, improve the nutritional quality of the root system of plants, increase productivity in greenhouses by 10-15%, reducing production costs by 5-10% and reducing manual labor costs by 15-20%).

This improves the usability of the hydroponic unit.

Claims (3)

1. Hydroponic installation containing a frame made in the form of inclined beams pivotally mounted at the top with trays for growing plants mounted on them, a piping system for feeding and draining the nutrient solution, the folding mechanism of the inclined beams in the form of a screw, the ends of which are connected by threaded elements to the beams and which is kinematically associated with the drive, characterized in that in order to increase efficiency and impact In operation, it is equipped with a horizontal crossbar located between the inclined crossbars and made of separate telescopically connected elements for installing trays for growing plants with a horizontal crossbar, with one end of the horizontal crossbar pivotally connected to the inclined crossbar and the other with a latch fixed to the other inclined crossbar and one connected to a drum kinematically connected to the drive, with cylindrical rollers with a hemispherical groove installed at the ends of the inclined crossbars. FIG. 2 0 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a strip of reflective material placed between the inclined beams and a light source located between it and the horizontal bead. 3. Installation pop. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an angle sensor between the inclined beams, electrically connected to the drive. A. Installation according to claim 1, on the basis of the fact that the drum with the drive is connected by means of two pulleys covered by flexible couplings and an adapter clutch At t L1 T 8 s c T H i h