RU176309U1 - HELI DRYER FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for drying fruit and other plant materials using solar energy and can be used in agricultural production, food industry and other related industries. A solar dryer for agricultural products includes a solar collector with an absorber and a light-transmitting coating, between which an air channel, a fan, air heating elements, mesh trays for the product to be dried, and vertical jumpers made not reaching the top of the solar collector are formed. Mesh pallets and vertical jumpers are installed in separate sections, which have a net outlet closed to the atmosphere on the downward flow of air and are limited by transverse air channels, the coolant inlets are located between the absorber sections and equipped with adjustable shields. Each channel is equipped with an electric heater and has a transverse slit in the lower part, a bell with a damper mounted inside is connected to the suction pipe of the fan, which allows you to connect additional solar heaters, and the adapter connecting the fan to the solar collector has inside there are diverging fan-partitions to distribute the air flow to all cross section of the air channel. The solar dryer eliminates the unevenness of the coolant, intensifies the drying process and improves the quality of the dried product, ensuring its safety during storage and transportation. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to equipment for processing agricultural products, namely, for drying fruit and other plant materials using solar energy in order to ensure its preservation during long-term storage and can be used in agricultural production, food industry and other related industries.

For drying agricultural products in production, various drying plants are used, in which electric or thermal heaters of the air supplied to the drying chamber are used. In areas where there are a large number of sunny days, in particular in the conditions of the Crimean peninsula, it is advisable and promising to dry agricultural products in special solar dryers.

Known solar dryer, including a translucent drying chamber with racks located inside, on which trays with a mesh bottom are placed for the raw materials to be dried. At the same time, the roof of the drying chamber is made of window glass with a slope towards the horizontal at an angle depending on the construction site and is oriented to the south, the racks are terraced, an entrance for fresh air is additionally installed under the front wall, and a pipe is installed on the top of the roof.

This design of the solar dryer promotes the transfer of solar heat to the product to be dried, and the evaporated moisture is removed from the product with the convective flow created in the dryer by installing pipes in the lower part of the front wall and an exhaust pipe on the upper part of the roof.

However, this design is stationary, which eliminates its mobility and increases the cost of construction and maintenance, the absence of electric heating elements does not allow the installation to be used in low light and bad weather conditions, and the inability to control the air flow leads to a decrease in the quality of the dried raw material (RF Patent No. 2198360 C2 , F26B 3/28, publ. 02/10/2003, bull. No. 4).

The closest in technical essence and design to the claimed solution is a device for drying agricultural products, including a casing, a solar collector with an absorber located along the casing, and a light-penetrating surface, a fan, air heating elements and mesh pallets. The device is provided with vertical partitions mounted staggered on the absorber and the bottom of the case and containing guides for mesh pallets, and the air duct with a fan and air-heating elements is located between the light-penetrating surface and the absorber of the solar collector and between pallets and the bottom of the case, along which a wave-like air flow penetrating the dried product, the absorber is shorter than the body, the fan is mounted at the inlet to the solar collector, and air heating elements on the opposite side.

The creation of a wave-like flow of air in the device, as well as the use of constant air exchange, can reduce product steaming, as well as increase the drying speed and product quality in general. However, heated air passes through all pallets, saturated with evaporating moisture before it enters the atmosphere. In this case, there is a large unevenness in the drying process, since the evaporation of moisture into the air already saturated with moisture decreases along the air flow (Patent of Ukraine No. 92394 C2, А23В 7/02, published on October 25, 2010, Bulletin “Promislova Vlasnist” No. 20) .

The claimed utility model is based on the task of eliminating the unevenness of the coolant intake to the product being dried, the intensification of the drying process and improving the quality of the product being dried.

The problem is solved in that in a solar dryer for agricultural products, including a solar collector with an absorber and a light-transmitting coating, between which an air channel, fan, air-heating elements, mesh pallets, vertical jumpers are formed, according to a utility model, mesh pallets for the product to be dried and vertical jumpers made not reaching the solar collector in the upper part, they are installed in separate sections, which are covered by a mesh in a downward flow of air in outlet to the atmosphere and limited by transverse air channels, the coolant inlets are located between the absorber sections and are equipped with adjustable shields, each channel is equipped with an electric heater and has a transverse gap in the lower part, a bell with an internal flap mounted inside is connected to the suction pipe, which allows connecting additional solar heaters, and the adapter connecting the fan to the solar collector has inside, fan-shaped partitions.

The presence of sections in the design of a solar dryer with a separate supply of coolant to the product to be dried and with its separate removal with evaporation products eliminates the unevenness of drying, increases its efficiency, reduces the saturation of moisture in the air passing through the product, and thereby prevents its evaporation. To ensure uniformity of coolant supply to each section, adjustable shields are installed at the entrances to the transverse channels.

The intensification of the drying process is also facilitated by the fact that the air passing through the mesh trays with the product to be dried is additionally heated by the heat radiated by the back side of the absorber surface of the solar collector. In addition, the device provides the possibility of using electric heaters and connecting additional solar collectors, and the presence of wheels allows you to orient the dryer in the direction of the sun, which significantly increases the time of its use.

The damper mounted inside the socket located at the fan inlet allows reducing the amount of air supplied by the fan, thereby increasing the drying temperature, and for the distribution of the air flow over the entire cross section of the air duct of the solar collector in the adapter connecting the fan to the solar collector, divergent inserts are installed - partitions.

The uniform supply of the coolant to the dried product in combination with constant air exchange allows not only to avoid steaming the product, but also to eliminate its drying out, thereby improving product quality.

Thus, the claimed technical solution allows us to solve the problem, ensuring the uniformity of drying and the intensification of its process, as well as obtaining a high-quality product that can be stored for a long time and well transported.

A solar dryer for agricultural products is shown schematically in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a dryer, side view; in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an oven; FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the drying cabinet (view A in FIG. 1).

The dryer (Fig. 1) includes a drying cabinet 1 with a solar collector 2 mounted on a frame 3 having two fixed wheels 4 and two turning wheels 5. In front of the frame there is a fan 6 with an electric motor 7, which with a knee 8 and an adapter 9 is connected to the solar collector 2. A socket 10 is connected to the suction pipe of the fan 6, allowing additional solar heaters to be connected to the dryer (not shown in the drawing). An electric control cabinet 11 is also fixed to the frame 3.

A drying cabinet with a solar collector (Fig. 2) includes a frame 12, having ends 13 and 14 from the ends, inside of which there are jumpers 15 that do not reach the solar collector 2 in the upper part (Fig. 1), as well as transverse channels 16, open towards the solar collector from above and having a transverse slit 17 in the lower part. Jumpers 15 and channels 16 carry guides 18 for mesh pallets 19. At the upper end of the drying cabinet there is a channel 20, open from below for air to enter the upper section. The solar collector also consists of a U-shaped frame 21 connected by the open side to the adapter 9 (Fig. 1), with a light-transmitting coating 22 mounted on the upper side and absorber sections (light-absorbing surface) 23, 24, 25 on the lower side. the coolant inlets to the transverse channels 16. Adjustable shields 26 are mounted on these inputs. Electric heaters (heating elements) 27 are installed in the channels 16 and in the channel 20. Each section with pallets 19, limited by channels 16 or channels 16 and the wall, has a downward flow of air open exit to the atmosphere, closed by a grid 28. Each section of the drying cabinet has a door 29 (Fig. 1) with a seal, and the wall 30 opposite to the doors (Fig. 3) is blind.

The adapter 9 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3) has internally divergent insert-partitions 31 (Fig. 3).

The dryer operates as follows.

The dryer is located on a site illuminated by direct sunlight. The dried product is placed on pallets 19 and placed in a section of the drying cabinet. Air fan 6 through the elbow 8 and the adapter 9 is fed into the solar collector 2. Insert-partitions 31 distribute this flow to the entire cross section of the air channel of the solar collector. Passing over the light-absorbing surfaces 23, 24, 25, the air heats up and enters the vertical transverse channels 16 and channel 20. The amount of air entering the channels 16 is controlled by the position of the shields 26. The heated air enters through the channels 16 and 20 to the lower part of each section of pallets passes through the dried product to the solar collector 2, where it is additionally heated by the light-absorbing surface 23, 24, 25 facing the inside of the drying cabinet, and then passes into the atmosphere in a downward flow. Grids 28 at the outlet to the atmosphere protect the dried product from getting insects inside.

During the absence of direct sunlight and in the dark, heating of the air entering the dried product is carried out by heating elements 27.

The bell 10 at the inlet to the fan 6 allows you to connect additional solar air heaters, increasing its energy content and a higher drying temperature. A damper is mounted inside the bell (not shown in the drawing), which allows to reduce the amount of air supplied by the fan, thereby increasing the drying temperature. Electrical equipment, including temperature sensors in the drying cabinet, allows you to adjust the drying process due to periodic shutdown of the fan.

Claims (1)

A solar dryer for agricultural products, including a solar collector with an absorber and light-transmitting coating, between which an air duct, fan, air heating elements, mesh pallets, vertical lintels, characterized in that the mesh pallets for the product to be dried and vertical jumpers made not reaching in the upper part, are formed solar collectors are installed in separate sections, which have a net outlet closed to the atmosphere on the downward flow of air and are limited by the transverse air channels, the coolant inlets are located between the sections of the absorber and equipped with adjustable shields, each channel is equipped with an electric heater and has a transverse slit in the lower part, a bell with an integrated valve inside the damper is connected to the suction pipe, which allows connecting additional solar heaters, and the adapter connecting the fan to the solar collector, inside the fan-partitions are partitions.

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