UA81203C2 - Solar dry kiln - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar dry kiln comprises a solar collector with an absorber and partitions forming air channels, a drying chamber with inlet and outlet openings for air circulation and screen trays for material to be dried, a fan and air heaters. At that the upper and side parts of the drying chamber are made with double walls between which a channel is formed for outer air passing. An air duct from the solar collector is equipped with movable baffles mounted therein. The partitions of the solar collector are installed on two opposite walls of its housing with formation of gaps for air pass and are located over the absorber.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to heat engineering, namely to solar dryers that can be used in agriculture and the food industry for drying grapes and fruits and other plant products, as well as for drying small batches of seeds in breeding and seed farms.

A solar dryer is known, which includes solar heating elements that are placed on the side walls of the drying chamber. Each of the heating elements consists of a heating chamber and a vertical air channel placed inside, which has a horizontal flap in its lower part, while the heating chamber is formed by the 710 side wall of the drying chamber with through channels made in it, while the light-absorbing screen is formed by identical flat vertical rectangular elements fixed on a vertical beam with the possibility of their rotation on horizontal axes, located vertically at a distance from each other, equal to the width of a separate element, and the lower wall of the heating chamber has an inflow channel, while the surface of the damper coincides with the outlet of the inflow channel |(A .p. Mo1671230 USSR, А238В7/02, Г2683/28. Application 02/20/89 72 Published 08/23/91 Bull.MoZ11.

This solar dryer is complex in design, requires large costs for the manufacture of additional elements of the solar collector, which does not have the possibility of orientation to the Sun, which increases the time of heating the dryer with raw materials to the operating temperature, it is inoperable on cloudy days, the efficiency is very low.

A solar dryer is known, which includes a heater, box, mesh trays, air ducts and air channels, the heater is made of corrugated metal sheet mounted on a reinforced concrete base with partitions that form air channels, guides and a mechanism for moving mesh trays are installed in the box of the dryer above the air channel, made of two branches of chains with slats, and a heater is installed in the duct | Patent of Ukraine Meo17022, A2387/02. Application 14.11.95. Publ. 31.10.97. Bul. Mob).

The disadvantage of this dryer is that the temperature under the absorber, where the longitudinal partitions are installed, is lower than above the absorber, which causes increased heat consumption. In addition, a large amount of heat (3) is spent on heating metal-containing elements.

A chamber dryer with a fan and a corrugated absorber is also known, which includes air heaters, a drying chamber, a heat-insulated housing, an air duct and IN.V supports. Kharchenko. Individual solar installation. M.: 1991. - P. 110-113). This dryer has more features that match the features of the claimed dryer and is chosen as the closest analogue. Ha")

The disadvantage of this installation is that the sun's rays reach the surface of the absorber at different angles and the air flow does not have time to heat up to the required temperature. high school

This dryer also does not work in bad weather and at night. "--

All considered solar dryers have low efficiency because they can only work in sunny 325 weather. co

The invention is based on the task of creating such a design of a solar dryer that allows to increase the efficiency and heat output of the air heated by the solar collector, as well as to improve the quality of the final drying product by eliminating the process of its steaming due to good air circulation in the drying chamber and the air duct from the solar collector. With 50 The problem is solved by the fact that in a solar dryer, which includes a solar collector with an absorber and partitions that form air channels, a drying chamber with inlet and outlet openings for

With" air circulation and mesh trays for drying material, fan and air heaters, according to the invention, the upper and side parts of the drying chamber are made with double walls, between which a channel is created for the passage of outside air, the air duct from the solar collector is equipped with movable dampers mounted inside it, and partitions heliocollectors are installed on two opposite walls of its housing with the formation of gaps for the passage of air and are located above the absorber. - The presence of double walls in the drying chamber, which form an air duct, allows for additional heating of the air entering the solar collector, and the installation of dampers in the air duct allows to distribute the air flow between the solar collector, the drying chamber and the removal of exhaust air into the atmosphere. Thus, the layout of the solar collector together with the drying chamber significantly reduces heat loss and creates a more compact design of the solar dryer, which has the ability to work under different weather conditions and at night due to the installation of heating elements, which, in addition, reduce the heating time of the drying chamber and the product to drying temperature.

Due to the improvement of air circulation, the efficiency of the drying process is increased, complete vaporization of the upper layers of the product is excluded, which significantly improves its quality.

GF) Thus, the presence of distinctive features in the set of essential features are in a cause-and-effect relationship with the achieved technical result, namely due to the presence of the above-mentioned distinctive features, the efficiency of the solar dryer and its efficiency are increased.

The solar dryer is schematically presented in the drawings, where 60 in Fig. 1 shows the general view of the solar dryer in section; Fig. 2 shows the flow of air with open valves; Fig. 3 shows the placement of partitions in the solar collector above the absorber and the flow of air through the gaps.

The solar dryer includes a solar collector 1 with an absorber 2 and an air duct 3, which is connected to a drying chamber 4 with mesh trays 5 located inside it and a central air duct 6 with heaters 7 and a fan 8 mounted in it.

Duct C from solar collector 1 is equipped with movable dampers 9 /A.V.S/ to regulate air intake.

The drying chamber 4 has double walls 10, between which a channel 11 is created for the passage of external air 8500 /Figlou.

Heliocollector 1 has partitions 12, which are installed on two opposite walls 13 of the body of heliocollector 1 with the formation of gaps 14 for the passage of air and are located above the absorber 2 under transparent glass 15 /Fig.3/.

To orient the solar dryer to the Sun, it is equipped with wheels 16.

The solar dryer works as follows. 70 In the heating mode of the solar dryer, valves A and B are closed /Fig. 1/, and valve C is open. In this mode, the fan 8 is first turned on, and then the heaters 7. Cold air is sucked from the lower part of the drying chamber 4, passes through the mesh trays 5 with the material to be dried and enters the air duct C, where it is fed by the fan 8 into the central air duct 6 with located inside it by TENs 7.

In this zone, the air is heated, enters the lower part of the drying chamber 4 and circulates from there again until the end of the heating mode. This mode of air movement is shown in Fig. 1 by arrows.

After reaching the required temperature /60-80 С depending on the type of material to be dried/ the solar dryer is switched to the operating mode shown in Fig. 2.

In the operating mode, valves A and B are open, and valve C is closed. In this case, the air enters the solar dryer from the side inlet channel 11, which is created by the double walls of the drying chamber 4, is heated by the drying chamber 4, finally receives heat in the absorber 2 /Fig. 2/, is fed by the fan 8 through the central duct 6 into the drying chamber 4 , where sequentially passing from the lower pallets 5 to the upper ones, it takes away moisture, and the steam-air mixture is removed through the open flap to the outside.

As the dried material dries and the amount of moisture in the steam-air mixture decreases, valve C opens slightly, and valve B closes. with

At the same time, part of the heated air from the drying chamber 4 enters it again.

This increases the drying temperature and intensifies the process of removing moisture from the material being dried.

The drying process can be automated by equipping the solar dryer with air humidity and temperature sensors. with "c)

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention p A solar dryer, which contains a solar collector with an absorber and partitions that form air channels, - c5 bushing chamber with inlet and outlet holes for air circulation and mesh trays for drying material, fan and air heaters, which is characterized by the fact that the upper and side parts of the drying chamber are made with double walls, between which a channel for the passage of external air is formed, an air duct from the solar collector is equipped with movable shutters mounted inside it, and the partitions of the solar collector are installed on two opposite walls of its body with the formation of gaps for " air passage and located above the absorber. -oh and? (ee) - name) ((c) syu" name) 60 b5