RU98674U1 - PLANT FOR DRYING VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS AND ROOTS - Google Patents

Abstract

 Installation for drying vegetable raw materials and root crops, containing a working chamber with loading and unloading doors, an air supply system, characterized in that the device has a throttle system, a system of blowers forming a closed loop, and an inlet receiver, while the receiver is located in front of the working chamber and separated by perforated metal grill.

Description

The utility model relates to the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries and is intended for drying plant materials.

The invention of the drying chamber for plant materials is known (RU 2041433, 1990), where preliminarily dehydrated by centrifugation and crushed plant bulk material is fed to a hot contact surface through which the heat carrier flows. In this case, the mass of plant material is mixed, evaporating moisture. Upon reaching a moisture content of 12-14%, the crushed particles acquire the required windage and are drawn in by the coolant flow into the outlet. The disadvantage of this device is that you need preliminary drying by centrifugation and grinding of raw materials to a friable consistency, which complicates and increases the duration of the process.

A device is known for aerodynamic drying of wild-growing raw materials (RU 2019777, 1992), where the drying process takes place in a heat-insulating chamber due to the acceleration of air by the heating rotor in the discharge channel to a speed of 2.5-4.5 times more than in the working chamber where cassettes with dried raw materials. The disadvantage of this device is the vibration resulting from the high speed of rotation of the rotor.

Closest to the claimed solution is a device for drying peat (RU 75882, 2008). The installation comprises a working chamber, an air duct for supplying hot air to the lower part of the working chamber, and a hot air distributor. The working chamber has an opening in the upper part for the removal of water and air and hatches for loading and unloading peat. The duct is connected to a compressor and an air heater. The hot air distributor is made in the form of a horizontal pipe connected to the air duct and associated vertical perforated pipes, where the perforation holes are arranged in a spiral or at different levels. In this case, the working chamber rotates around its axis. A disadvantage of the known device is the lack of control of the drying temperature, uneven drying of raw materials, high energy consumption, due to direct release of coolant into the atmosphere.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to control the drying temperature during drying of plant materials, the uniformity of drying of plant materials, reducing energy consumption.

The technical result, which consists in reducing energy consumption, due to repeated use of heated air, is achieved due to the circulation of the coolant in a closed circuit formed by air ducts.

The air temperature is controlled by the throttle valve of the outdoor air intake duct and the throttle valve of the hot air exhaust duct. The pressure level is regulated by a throttle valve standing in the air duct of the direct direction of the closed circuit. Temperature control is possible in both manual and automatic mode.

Uniform drying of plant materials is achieved through the use of a receiver in front of the working chamber. In this case, the receiver is separated from the working chamber by a perforated metal grid made of galvanized iron with a cell diameter of 2 mm to even out the coolant flow.

To exclude the ingress of components of plant material into a closed loop of ducts, filters from a metal mesh are installed at the outlet of the upper section of the drying chamber.

The utility model is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the general scheme of the installation for drying plant materials and root crops.

The installation comprises a two-section working chamber 1, with a loading door 2 and an unloading door 3, a centrifugal medium-pressure fan 4, air ducts 5 and 11, a throttle valve for taking hot air 6, a throttle valve for regulating the pressure of the coolant 7, a throttle valve for taking outside air 8, a steam generator 9 , a heat exchange chamber with steam heaters 10, a receiver 12, a heat distribution grid 13, a temperature control sensor (thermometer) of the input coolant 14, a temperature control sensor (thermometer) in the dryer chamber 16. Turning the centrifugal fan 4 on and off, monitoring the temperature and pressure of the supplied coolant is carried out from the control panel 15. The loading door 2 and the unloading door 3 are mounted on hinges and are fixed on the housing of the drying chamber 1 with hinged bolts with screw-nuts screwed on them.

The inventive installation operates as follows.

Drying of plant materials is carried out by adjusting the ventilation pressure and adjusting the temperature with the throttles of the selection of heated air 7 and the intake of outside air 8, as well as due to the drying time. For most plants, the optimum drying temperature is (40-50) degrees Celsius, for some up to 60 degrees.

Washed not crushed plant material is loaded into the upper section of the working chamber 1 through the loading door 2, while the mass of plant material is evenly distributed over the entire area of the base. The raw materials are loaded to the lower edge of the loading door 2 and closed with folding bolts with nut handles twisted on them. A centrifugal fan 4 is started from the control panel 15. Air begins to circulate in a closed circuit formed by air ducts 5 and 11. The steam generator 9 is turned on and the steam supply valve is opened. The purged air is heated in the heat exchange chamber 10, in contact with the heated surface of the steam heaters. Next, the coolant through the duct 11 enters the receiver 12, separated from the working chamber by a perforated metal grid 13 made of galvanized iron with a cell diameter of 2 mm In this case, the heat flux is equalized. Heated air passes through the distribution screen, passes through the dried raw materials and heats it. Temperature control is carried out by an input sensor-thermometer 14 and a sensor-thermometer 16 at the outlet of the drying chamber 1. Evaporated moisture is trapped in the air and carried away through the duct 5. To exclude the components of the dried raw material from entering the closed circuit, filters 17 from the metal mesh are installed at the outlet of the working chamber . Dehumidification occurs due to the ejection of part of the moist air and the intake of external unheated air. The throttles for the selection of hot air 6, pressure 7, intake of external air 8, in automatic or manual mode, set the final temperature of the coolant at the inlet of the drying chamber 1 and at the outlet of it. For technological control, the drying process is timed. During drying, control the outlet temperature and, if necessary, adjust it. At the end of drying the plant material, the centrifugal fan 4 is turned off, the steam supply valve is closed from the steam generator 9, and its power supply is turned off. The dried plant material is discharged through an unloading door 3 located in the lower section of the working chamber.

Concrete example

Washed hodgepodge hill 2-2.5 cubic meters in volume through the loading door is loaded into the working chamber. The raw materials are placed on the perforated grate of the base with a uniform layer to the lower level of the loading door. After loading, close the loading door and turn on the centrifugal fan. Turn on the power to the steam generator, open the steam supply valve. Drying hodgepodge is carried out at a maximum temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The temperature is controlled by devices located at the entrance to the drying chamber and at the exit from it. Temperature correction is carried out automatically or in manual mode by opening or closing the throttle valves. Part of the wet, waste coolant is discharged through the throttle to the atmosphere. The end of drying is determined by the appearance of the raw materials and the temperature values. At the end of the drying process, the centrifugal fan and the steam generator power are turned off. Close the tap for supplying steam to the heaters. Open the unloading door, located at the bottom of the working chamber, and unload the dried stalks of hodgepodge hodgepodge in the prepared container.

Thus, the inventive installation provides uniform drying of plant materials with less energy and the possibility of drying without grinding plant materials.

Claims (1)

Installation for drying vegetable raw materials and root crops, containing a working chamber with loading and unloading doors, an air supply system, characterized in that the device has a throttle system, a blower system forming a closed loop, and an inlet receiver, while the receiver is located in front of the working chamber and separated by a perforated metal grill.