RU171530U1 - BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a mobile bacteriological laboratory and is intended for the diagnosis of pathogens of infectious diseases. The laboratory is mounted in a van body on the basis of a cross-country vehicle and contains a hermetically sealed cabin with a biological safety level BSL-3, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments and life support equipment. The laboratory interior is divided by hermetic partitions into a functional compartment designed for bacteriological research, a sanitary inspection room and a technical compartment with access from outside the van, into which the controls for energy supply systems, ventilation and air conditioning systems are made. Biological material packaged in accordance with the requirements of the sanitary rules is passed through the transfer gateway to the compartment for bacteriological studies. The interior of the laboratory is equipped with all necessary equipment for bacteriological research. The laboratory is equipped with a video surveillance system. The supporting structures of the van body, the fasteners are made of corrosion-resistant materials and ensure the tightness and durability of the laboratory during operation in extreme climatic conditions. The utility model is aimed at reducing the risk of biological hazard in a laboratory based on the chassis of vehicles and increasing the efficiency of research work. 4 s.p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to mobile laboratories for conducting laboratory studies on the basis of cross-country vehicles for work in epidemic and epizootic foci located in separate, remote, inaccessible areas that are not covered by a stationary laboratory network, emergency areas (ES).

The laboratory of especially dangerous infections is known (patent RU 65437 В60Р 3/00), mounted in a van on the basis of a special trailer for a KAMAZ all-terrain vehicle, which contains a hermetically sealed interior with a biological safety level of BSL-3, which allows working with pathogens of infectious diseases I- II groups of pathogenicity, with a forced ventilation system equipped with fine filters and made with the possibility of creating a pressure difference between the compartments. The laboratory interior is equipped with life support equipment and is divided by partitions equipped with hermetically sealed, interlocking doors to functional compartments and a sanitary inspection room. Functional compartments include a compartment for receiving biological material, which is equipped with an emergency exit door and is equipped with a class II biological safety cabinet, cabinets for accommodating containers with bio-tested infected animals and bio-tested clean animals, and a compartment for conducting bacteriological studies, which is equipped with diagnostic equipment for isolation and identification causative agents of especially dangerous infections. The compartments are equipped with two transfer lock chambers, one of which is made in the partition separating the functional compartments, the other in the emergency exit door. The sanitary inspection room includes a compartment for removing top and putting on work clothes, a shower, a compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing. The laboratory is intended for the laboratory diagnosis of pathogens of especially dangerous and unknown infectious diseases.

A known laboratory is indicated for the indication of pathogens of especially dangerous infections of bacterial and viral nature, unknown pathogens, and toxins (patent RU 65436 В60Р 3/00). The laboratory is mounted in a van body on the basis of a KAMAZ all-terrain vehicle and contains a hermetically sealed interior, with a BSL-3 biological safety level, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system and life-support equipment. The laboratory interior is divided by airtight partitions into functional compartments designed for the indication of bacterial and viral pathogens and a sanitary inspection room. The reception of biological material in the compartment for receiving and working with infectious biological material and transferring it to the biological safety box of class III is carried out through lock chambers. The interior of the laboratory is equipped with all necessary equipment for diagnostic studies. The laboratory is equipped with an audible alarm, means of an electric visual control system for the operation of the filtering installation, and means of notification of the operating mode. The laboratory is intended for the indication of pathogens of especially dangerous infections of bacterial and viral nature, unknown pathogens, and toxins.

Known bacteriological laboratory for the diagnosis of pathogens of infectious diseases of the III-IV pathogenicity groups, including studies on cholera (patent RU 65435 B60P 3/00). The laboratory is mounted in a van body on the basis of a special trailer for a KAMAZ all-terrain vehicle and contains a hermetically sealed interior, with a biological safety level BSL-2, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system and life-support equipment. The laboratory interior is divided by a sealed partition into a functional compartment, designed for bacteriological research, and a sanitary inspection room. The reception of biological material and its transfer to the compartment for conducting bacteriological studies is carried out through the hatch window mounted in the emergency exit door. The interior is equipped with all necessary equipment for bacteriological research. The laboratory provides the possibility of conducting bacteriological analysis in the field, in accordance with the requirements for the safety of work with pathogenic microorganisms.

The disadvantage of the described devices is the location of monitoring and control devices for engineering systems directly in the laboratory compartments, which prevents the access of technical personnel to the laboratory premises during the research, and for their maintenance a stop of the research work is required; the class II A2 class II microbiological safety cabinet installed in the laboratory is designed to work with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups III-IV and has a high percentage of recirculated air (≈70%); the lack of automatic pressure maintenance does not ensure compliance with biological safety requirements in accordance with regulatory documents governing the rules for working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-II; the lack of a video surveillance system limits control when working in the infectious area of the laboratory; in the laboratory of the prototype, the transfer window-hatch when opening does not provide isolation of the infectious zone of the laboratory, which increases the risk of release of PBA into the environment.

In addition, during the operation of laboratories in the countries of the equatorial climate, the impossibility of maintaining the temperature in the laboratory, optimal for the work of specialists and equipment, was established, and fasteners during prolonged use in humid conditions and high temperatures are subject to increased corrosion.

Known multifunctional mobile modular complex for the analysis of pathogenic biological materials (patent RU 139934, B60P 3/00). The mobile complex contains a container body mounted on the chassis of the car, a sealed interior, separated by sealed partitions with doors into functional compartments, equipped with diagnostic equipment and instruments, including a working compartment for research, equipped with BSL-3 biological safety cabinets and fume hoods, and a service compartment equipped with a control unit systems of functional compartments, communicating through a sealed gateway with a working compartment; a sanitary inspection room separating the working and office compartments, a shower and a compartment for dressing and removing protective clothing, equipped with disposable protective clothing sets. The container body is equipped with power supply systems, forced supply and exhaust ventilation with fine filters, air conditioning, heating, water supply, sewage and communications.

The disadvantage of the described utility model is that a sealed gateway (transfer window) through which the infectious material is transferred to the working compartment is located in the partition separating the working and service compartments and when the infectious material arrives for examination it is carried through the service compartment. The passage of personnel into the sanitary inspection room and further into the working compartment is also carried out through the service compartment, which leads to the intersection of the paths of movement of the infectious material and personnel and increases the likelihood of personnel contact with the infectious material.

Lack of corrosion-resistant fasteners in the body of the container body when used in high humidity conditions in equatorial climate countries can lead to their destruction and loss of air tightness, which increases the risk of pathogenic biological agents entering the environment.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to reduce the risk of biological hazard in the conditions of placing the laboratory on the basis of a motor vehicle chassis by installing an airtight transfer lock chamber with interlocking doors on the outer wall of the functional compartment and providing (organization) access to the technical compartment not connected to the laboratory compartments.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that in a well-known laboratory mounted in a box body based on a chassis containing a hermetically sealed cabin with a BSL-3 biological safety level, a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between compartments equipped with fine filters divided by partitions equipped with hermetically sealed doors to a functional compartment, equipped with an emergency exit door, equipped with a biological safety cabinet , Diagnostic equipment; sanitary inspection room, including a compartment for removing tops and putting on work clothes, a shower, a compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing; technical compartment, equipped with a power supply control unit, ventilation and air conditioning system, according to the claimed solution, a sealed transfer lock chamber with interlocking doors is located on the outer wall of the functional compartment, access to the technical compartment is not connected to laboratory compartments.

In addition, the roof and floor of the box body has additional thermal insulation for the possibility of research work in all climatic zones and fasteners that are resistant to (extreme) various climatic factors.

In addition, the roof is made of foil material with a high light reflectance.

In addition, the walls of the box body are sheathed with fiberglass roll resistant to disinfectants.

In addition, the supporting structures of the van body are made of corrosion-resistant elements.

Organization of access to a technical compartment that is not associated with laboratory compartments greatly simplifies the preparatory work of launching the laboratory, servicing and monitoring the operation of systems during operation and eliminates the need for maintenance personnel to visit the laboratory compartment during diagnostic tests, which ensures compliance with biological safety requirements and increases the efficiency of research work.

An airtight transfer lock chamber with interlocking doors is installed on the outer wall of the functional compartment, which ensures maximum separation of the movement of infectious material and personnel and eliminates the possibility of personnel contacting infected material, and interlocking doors prevent air from escaping from the infectious area of the laboratory. Such a constructive solution meets the requirements of clause 2.3.2. Sanitary rules for the safety of work with microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups (SP 1.3.3118-13).

The use of load-bearing elements and fasteners of the van body made of corrosion-resistant elements ensures tightness and durability of the structure when the laboratory is operated in extreme climatic conditions, which reduces the risk of biological hazard to the environment.

The cladding of the walls with fiberglass roll resistant to disinfectants due to the absence of seams prevents the penetration, preservation and accumulation of microorganisms provides a more efficient current and final disinfection.

The technology of manufacturing a box body allows you to provide the optimum temperature for research in extreme climatic conditions.

The use of load-bearing elements and fasteners of a van body made of corrosion-resistant elements ensures tightness and durability of the structure during operation of the laboratory in extreme climatic conditions.

The execution of the cabin with the level of biological safety BSL-3, equipping it with the appropriate equipment provides work with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-IV (except for viruses of group I).

The use of forced-air and exhaust ventilation systems in the laboratory with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments allows providing a predetermined negative pressure (vacuum), preventing the release of PBA into the environment, as well as the supply of purified air to the laboratory premises, cooling or heating of the supply air, removal and air purification from the laboratory by using fine filters H14.

The utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a view of the laboratory, divided into compartments, and the location of the equipment in the cabin.

The interior of the laboratory is divided into five compartments, one of which is functional - a compartment for bacteriological research 1, three auxiliary (compartment for removing top and putting on work clothes 2, a shower 3, compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing 4) and technical 5. Compartments separated by tight partitions 6. You can get into the compartment for bacteriological research 1 only after passing through compartments 2, 3, 4, which serve as a sanitary inspection room. Access to the technical compartment is not connected to laboratory compartments. The compartment for bacteriological research 1 is equipped with an emergency exit door 7, a sealed transfer lock chamber 8, equipped with two thermostats 9, refrigerators (not shown), a class II B2 10 microbiological safety cabinet, and laboratory furniture. In compartment 1 for conducting bacteriological studies along the wall along the entire length of the laboratory, a table is fixed on which a laptop for recording samples, automatic analyzers, a printer, and a microscope are installed. Compartment 2 for removing outer clothing and putting on work clothes is equipped with a cabinet 11 with two compartments, one of which is designed for outer clothing that is removed at the entrance to the laboratory compartment, and the other for work clothes. Shower room 3 is equipped with a shower unit. In the compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing 4 is a container in which protective clothing is placed, removed at the end of work when leaving the compartment 1.

Preparation for the work of the mobile laboratory is as follows.

The laboratory is installed in a designated area. Using the built-in devices, the spatial stabilization systems level it and fix it from arbitrary movement. They begin to arrange removable equipment and connect life support systems: autonomous generators are lowered by means of electric winches; the module is grounded; power supply entry points are supplied either from a stationary network or from autonomous generators; include lighting systems for laboratory premises, water supply, supply and exhaust ventilation with its elements (microbiological safety box of class III, exhaust and transfer fans). After the parameters of the supply and exhaust ventilation system enter the operating mode (creating the necessary vacuum and ambient temperature in the laboratory room), the stationary and removable analytical laboratory equipment is connected, and its readiness for work is checked. On the workstations, laboratory accessories corresponding to the workstations, necessary reagents are installed. The lab is ready to go.

The biological material received for the study, packaged in accordance with the requirements of the sanitary rules, is transmitted through the transfer lock 8 to compartment 1. In compartment 1, it is registered, samples are prepared for culture on culture media, the test material is sown, the results of crops are taken into account, bacterioscopy, identification, determination sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. The spent material is placed in autoclaving tanks and transferred for disinfection into the autoclaving compartment of the infectious material of the bacteriological research support laboratory through the transfer gateway 8. The results are transmitted to the mobile control center (MPU) via a wireless communication system that connects laboratory and supervisor workstations via a local network works. To establish communications in places with no mobile network, satellite communications are provided.

Design features, technical characteristics and equipment of the laboratory provide constant readiness and necessary conditions for the diagnosis of infectious disease pathogens, including acute intestinal infections in the field, while the staff has been created optimal conditions for performing diagnostic work.

The inventive laboratory meets the requirements of regulatory documents on the safety of working with microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups and provides protection against pathogenic biological agents of personnel and the environment. The laboratory is ergonomic, does not require a large number of maintenance and technical personnel. The laboratory is used both as a part of the mobile anti-epidemic complex in eliminating the epidemiological consequences of natural disasters, technological disasters, emergency biological and social situations and committing bioterrorist acts, and individually, depending on the tasks set. The laboratory can be transported by water and by air.

Claims (5)

1. A bacteriological laboratory, including a chassis-based van containing a hermetically sealed cabin with a BSL-3 biological safety level, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments, equipped with fine filters, divided by partitions equipped with hermetically sealed doors to a functional compartment equipped with an emergency exit door, equipped with a microbiological safety box, diagnostic equipment IAOD; sanitary inspection room, including a compartment for removing top and putting on work clothes, a shower room, a compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing, a technical compartment equipped with a power supply control unit, ventilation and air conditioning system, characterized in that the sealed transfer lock chamber with interlocking doors is located on the outer wall functional compartment, access to the technical compartment is not connected to laboratory compartments. 2. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof and floor of the box body has additional thermal insulation. 3. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof is made of foil material with a high light reflectance. 4. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of the box body are sheathed with rolled fiberglass resistant to disinfectants. 5. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structures of the box body are made of corrosion-resistant elements.

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