RU165046U1 - MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY FOR EXPRESS DIAGNOSTICS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Microbiological laboratory of express diagnostics based on an all-terrain vehicle, including a van equipped with energy supply, water supply, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, diagnostic equipment for molecular genetic, immunoserological studies, sampling devices, PCR box, microbiological safety box, computer, characterized in that the specially designed box body is divided by airtight partitions into : laboratory compartment, equipped with an emergency exit door with a mounted transfer window and an exit door to the vestibule gateway, microbiological safety box of class II B; a vestibule lock for putting on and removing protective clothing, equipped with an entrance door, and two technical compartments with access and control outside the van - compartment for the power supply system and compartment of the ventilation and air conditioning system; At the same time, the laboratory is equipped with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system, with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartment and the airlock, and a digital visualization system for air discharge. 2. Microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply system is autonomous. The microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the laboratory compartment and the airlock are equipped with an air disinfection system: recirculators and / or ultraviolet irradiators. The microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the door of the main entrance to the laboratory, located in the compartment of the vestibule gateway, is equipped

Description

The utility model relates to mobile laboratories of rapid diagnostics and can be used for sampling biological material and environmental objects and conducting research using luminescence microscopy (ELISA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of pathogens of very dangerous and other natural focal infections.

Known multi-purpose mobile laboratory, which is a container-type laboratory chamber and consists of a housing having a sealed compartment, an inlet compartment, an air removal compartment having a sterilizing filter that meets biosafety rules, a waste treatment compartment having an automatic autoclaving sterilizing device. The tightness of the laboratory compartment and the level of wastewater treatment can be selected using a specialized control system. The laboratory is constructed from panels that contain hollow parts. The laboratory provides a suspension type vibration isolation device. The laboratory can be used in the manufacture of semiconductors, electronic equipment, in biotechnology, as well as for microbiological research, as a clean or biologically clean room (patent US 4850268, publ. 25.07.1989). However, the laboratory does not provide the level of safety necessary for working with pathogens of especially dangerous infections.

Known is a mobile medical diagnostic laboratory by PCR (patent RU 72340, publ. 04/10/2008), which is made in the form of a movable building containing an entrance sanitary lock compartment, a diagnostic compartment formed by a DNA / RNA extraction zone, a digging area for reagents for amplification as well as an amplification and detection zone, a medical and medical compartment equipped with a workstation with a monitor, a server, a router, a switch and a telemedicine terminal, a patient and sample compartment and a transport compartment, and equipped means for ensuring its autonomous operation, comprising at least a power supply system, crew life support system, a communication system, an onboard local area network and position determining unit on the ground. However, the laboratory is not intended to conduct studies using the methods of IPA, ELISA, etc., as well as studies of material collected during epizootological monitoring of natural foci of infectious diseases (material from rodents, fleas, ticks, etc.).

The laboratory for especially dangerous infections is known (patent RU 65437 published on 08/10/2007) mounted in a van on the basis of a special trailer for a KAMAZ all-terrain vehicle, which contains a hermetically sealed interior with a level of biological safety BSL-3, which allows working with infectious pathogens -II groups of pathogenicity, with a forced ventilation system equipped with fine filters and made with the possibility of creating a pressure difference between the compartments; equipped with life support equipment and divided by partitions equipped with hermetically sealed, interlocking doors, into functional compartments equipped with diagnostic equipment for isolating and identifying pathogens of especially dangerous infections, including a compartment for receiving biological material, equipped with an emergency exit door with an integrated transfer lock chamber, and equipped with a box biological safety class II, cabinets for placement of containers with bio-infected infected live livestock and with bio-test clean animals equipped with an electronic device with a scoreboard for maintaining the temperature regime, a locking device, while the biological safety cabinet of class II and cabinets are connected through a duct to a separate exhaust ventilation unit; a compartment for conducting bacteriological studies, equipped with two transfer lock chambers, one of which is made in the partition separating the compartments, and a sanitary inspection room, including a compartment for removing top and dressing work clothes, a shower room, a compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing, equipped with furniture. The utility model provides constant readiness and the ability to conduct bacteriological analysis of microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups in the field, in accordance with the safety requirements for working with pathogenic microorganisms.

A well-known indicator laboratory (patent RU 65436 publ. 10.08.2007) mounted in a van on the basis of a KAMAZ all-terrain vehicle, which contains a hermetically sealed interior with a level of biological safety BSL-3, which allows working with pathogens of infectious diseases of pathogenicity groups I-II , with a forced ventilation system equipped with fine filters and made with the possibility of creating a pressure difference between the compartments, equipped with life support equipment and divided by small towns equipped with hermetically sealed, interlocking doors to functional compartments equipped with diagnostic equipment for indicating pathogens of pathogenicity groups I-II, including a compartment for receiving and working with infectious biological material, equipped with an emergency exit door and equipped with a biological safety cabinet of class II, a biological cabinet safety class III, equipped with lock chambers, a compartment for working with disinfected biological material, while in the partition, I share In addition to the compartments, a lock chamber was made for transferring the biological material under study, and a sanitary inspection room, including a compartment for removing top and dressing work clothes, a shower room, and a compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing, equipped with furniture.

The disadvantage of the laboratories according to patents RU 65437 and 65436 is their arrangement on the chassis of large-sized vehicles, which reduces their mobility and maneuverability, which are necessary when moving to remote mountainous areas for the purpose of carrying out diagnostic studies. Monitoring and control systems are located in the laboratory compartment, which prevents the access of technical personnel to the laboratory premises and, accordingly, their maintenance during research work. In addition, the laboratories are not equipped with equipment for express diagnostics using the methods of MFA, ELISA, PCR.

Known multifunctional mobile complex for the analysis of pathogenic biological materials (patent RU 2545571 publ. 04/10/2015). The mobile complex contains four autonomous modules, three of them have a hermetically sealed compartment, divided by partitions into functional compartments and equipped with instruments and equipment for preparing samples of biological material and performing ELISA and PCR analysis. The fourth module of the complex is designed for sampling from the source of biological infection and for express analysis of samples and their delivery to other modules of the complex and is a biological reconnaissance machine, the closed body of which is equipped with life support equipment, is divided by partitions into the technological compartment with communication facilities and power supply, ventilation, air conditioning and heating systems and a working compartment with a set of equipment and accessories for sampling and SIC initial rapid analysis of biological materials in the area of focus of biological contamination, equipment and accessories for transporting samples to the other set of modules to meet thermal stabilization mode, a personal computer, personal protective equipment personnel, disinfectants and means dezobrabotki.

However, in the fourth module of the complex there is no vestibule for putting on and removing protective clothing and the ability to maintain vacuum in the room where express analysis of the samples is carried out, which does not fully ensure the necessary level of biological safety of the work. The other three modules have a narrow purpose and research in full is possible only as part of the entire complex.

For the prototype adopted a mobile laboratory for surveillance and indications (patent RU 61209, publ. 02.27.2007). The Epidemiological Intelligence and Indication Laboratory is mounted in the back of an all-wheel drive vehicle based on GAZ 2705, which is substantially redesigned and equipped with various equipment for sampling and laboratory diagnostics. Structurally, the roof of the body is made of increased height, and the interior of the body is sealed. Class III biological safety cabinet, PCR box and the working area of the cabin are equipped with a forced-air and exhaust forced ventilation system containing fans and fine filters, respectively, with their inputs and outputs. The interior is equipped with all necessary equipment for sampling and laboratory diagnostics. The laboratory is equipped with signal colored warning lights. A folding vestibule is provided for the door. The laboratory is intended for sampling and laboratory testing for the presence of pathogens of especially dangerous and unknown infectious diseases. The utility model provides the ability to carry out sampling and subsequent rapid indication in accordance with the requirements for the safety of work with microorganisms of the 1st pathogenicity group.

The basis for the safety of laboratories of this class is to provide the premises with volumes of air many times greater than the volumes of the premises themselves. However, the forced-air and exhaust forced ventilation system, which the prototype laboratory is equipped with, does not ensure the maintenance of vacuum (negative pressure) in the laboratory's working room. There are no devices for monitoring the operation of supply and exhaust ventilation. The air conditioning system requires additional maintenance, which consists in the need for decontamination of the condensate. The presence of a collapsible collapsible vestibule does not provide the necessary level of biological safety, due to the lack of its tightness, increases the preparation time of the laboratory for work, and causes inconvenience to personnel in various climatic conditions. In addition, the lack of a technical compartment for the stationary storage location of the generator (it is stored during transportation directly in the laboratory) increases the time to prepare the laboratory for work.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to increase the level of biological safety in a laboratory based on small vehicles by dividing the internal space into compartments, improving the supply and exhaust forced ventilation system, with the possibility of creating a pressure difference between the compartments, cleaning the incoming and outgoing air, and increasing efficiency laboratory maintenance during operation, due to the compact placement of life support systems access and access to them. An additional technical result is to increase the convenience for staff when working in various climatic conditions by organizing a stationary vestibule-lock for putting on and removing protective clothing.

The microbiological laboratory of express diagnostics based on an all-terrain vehicle includes a van equipped with energy supply, water supply, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, diagnostic equipment for molecular genetic, immunoserological studies, sampling devices, PCR box, microbiological box security, computer, according to a utility model, a specially designed box body is divided by airtight partitions into: laboratory compartment equipped with an emergency exit door with a mounted transfer window and an exit door to the vestibule lock, microbiological safety box of class II B; a vestibule lock for putting on and removing protective clothing, equipped with an entrance door, and two technical compartments with access and control outside the van - compartment for the power supply system and compartment of the ventilation and air conditioning system; the laboratory is equipped with a forced ventilation system, with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartment and the airlock, and a digital visualization system for air discharge.

The power supply system is autonomous, which allows it to be used in the process of movement;

The laboratory compartment and the vestibule lock are equipped with an air disinfection system: recirculators and / or ultraviolet irradiators;

The door of the main entrance to the laboratory, located in the compartment of the vestibule gateway, is equipped with an electromechanical lock of the ACS system;

The entrance to the vestibule of the airlock is equipped with a sliding platform and an attached hinged ladder;

Outside, boxes for storing tools, spare parts, consumables necessary for the maintenance of the laboratory are attached to the bottom of the van;

The box body is equipped with a laboratory stabilization system during operation, which includes four stationary screw jacks.

The ventilation and conditioning system of the microbiological laboratory of express diagnostics is provided in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents and is intended for:

- purification of air entering the laboratory compartment;

- cleaning the air removed from the laboratory compartment;

- maintaining a given vacuum in the laboratory compartment;

- providing a given rate of air exchange;

- Creation and maintenance of standardized sanitary-hygienic and microclimatic living conditions for personnel in the back of a laboratory van;

- preventing the penetration of pathogenic biological agents (PBA) into the environment.

The ventilation system is mounted as a single unit in the technical compartment, integrated into the van body in the hinged block of the front side, and is designed to provide fresh air to the laboratory module. The supply and exhaust ventilation system with air conditioning and heating function, equipped with HEPA class 14 filters, automatically maintains a negative pressure of at least 50 Pa between the supply and exhaust ventilation and fully meets the needs of both rooms and special equipment. The system of supply and exhaust ventilation and climate control is carried out from the premises of the vestibule gateway.

In order to reduce the overall dimensions and energy consumption of ventilation equipment, a powerful supply fan is installed in the ventilation and air conditioning system compartment. An exhaust fan is installed in the laboratory compartment. Boxing. Biological safety (laminar cabinets) has built-in exhaust systems, therefore, to reduce the weight and size characteristics of the supply equipment, they are provided with air directly from the laboratory premises (recirculation).

Governing bodies (consumer on-off machines, emergency power-on system) life support systems, taken out of the laboratory compartment. This greatly simplifies the preparatory work of launching the laboratory, servicing and monitoring the operation of the systems during operation and eliminates the need for staff to visit the laboratory compartment during research work, which ensures compliance with biological safety requirements.

An autonomous power supply system based on an inverter and a battery allows maintaining air discharge in the laboratory compartment in case of emergency (disconnecting an external network, loss of electricity from an autonomous generator), maintaining a predetermined climate regime when moving, maintaining the operability of thermostating equipment (refrigerators, thermostats), maintaining the health of emergency lighting and emergency alarms.

The laboratory compartment disinfection system is equipped with UVR lamps with full remote control - on, timer exposure, shutdown, from the vestibule gateway.

The laboratory stabilization system includes four stationary screw jacks attached to the bottom of the van and level visual display devices. The stabilization system reduces the likelihood of emergency situations during operation by ensuring the immobility of the van and allows you to align the laboratory on the ground.

The Microbiological Laboratory for Express Diagnostics (MLED) is made on the basis of an all-terrain vehicle, and is designed to operate in separate, remote, including hard-to-reach areas not covered by a stationary laboratory network, emergency areas (EM) of epidemiological nature, in various parts of natural foci of infections , and can be used as a mobile post. The mobile laboratory is a mobile laboratory base and provides autonomous laboratory research using the express and accelerated diagnostic methods - MPA, ELISA, PCR and the fulfillment of biological safety requirements for work with PBA of I-IV pathogenicity groups.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1 and view A, which schematically depict the microbiological laboratory of rapid diagnostics. The microbiological laboratory is a specially designed box-body van made of sandwich panels.

The interior of the laboratory is divided into a laboratory compartment designed for research 1; a vestibule lock for putting on and removing protective clothing 2, a technical compartment for the power supply system 3 (a niche in the rear left of the van with access from the outside) and a technical compartment for the ventilation and air conditioning system 4 (a niche in the front upper part of the van above the driver’s cabin with access from the outside) . All compartments of the laboratory are separated by airtight partitions.

Tambour gateway 2 contains a UV irradiator, (not shown in Fig.), A cabinet for storing personal protective equipment 18, a wash-stand 15, containers for collecting effluents, as well as containers for water supplies (stationary stainless steel tank with a volume of 20 l ) with built-in thermostat. Tanks are fixed inside the sink.

In the laboratory compartment 1 there are devices for sampling, special equipment for conducting sample preparation, microbiological analysis using the methods of MFA, ELISA and PCR, microbiological safety box II B class 7, PCR box 8, equipment for air disinfection with UV radiation (not shown in Fig. Not shown ), tables 9.10, cabinet 11. Above the surface of the desktop 10, an exhaust filter and ventilation module 12 is placed on the wall of the box body. An independent heater 13 is provided for heating the room in cold weather 13. Through the supply air duct 14 the supply of purified air to the laboratory compartment of a given temperature. Monitoring of the air discharge in the laboratory compartment is carried out through the inspection window 16.

Entrance to the MLED premises is through door 6, located in the rear side of the van. The door of the main entrance 6 in the rear side of the van is equipped with an entrance platform and a ladder (not shown in Fig.). The emergency exit door with a mounted transfer window 5 is located in the front side in the right side. The emergency exit door 5 in the right side is equipped with a retractable ladder installed in a special protective box located under the bottom of the van. The tambour gateway 2 is equipped with a sealed door for entry (exit) into the laboratory compartment 17.

Outside to the bottom of the van, boxes for storing the tool, spare parts, consumables required for maintenance of the MLED in FIG. not shown.

On the outside and inside, the body is sheathed with fiberglass, resistant to disinfectants and ultraviolet radiation. The flooring is made of linoleum resistant to the action of detergents and disinfectants with anti-slip properties. The bottom of the van floor is lined with galvanized steel. Outside on the sides are applied: informational inscription, biohazard sign (corresponding to international requirements) and emblems.

The deployment of a mobile laboratory is as follows.

The laboratory is installed on a flat area and is fixed from arbitrary movement. With the help of stationary jacks, the laboratory is set up according to the level. Establish an entrance area and a staircase. The technical compartment is opened, the autonomous power supply from the battery is turned on, transportation fasteners are removed, and the electric generator is removed from the technical compartment using electric hoist, it is installed on the ground at a cable length distance. Ground the generator. Connect the cable to the input power outlet of the laboratory. Carry out fueling of the electric generator and its launch. Make the inclusion of life support systems of the laboratory.

Preparation for the work of the mobile laboratory is as follows.

They include interior lighting, a system of supply and exhaust ventilation, heating or air conditioning, check the water level in the tanks, the operation of the water supply system, and the monitoring and maintenance of the vacuum. When stabilizing the temperature in the cabin, a microbiological safety box of class II and a PCR box are connected, and their readiness for work is checked. Devices, laboratory glassware, necessary reagents, computer equipment are installed on the workstations.

After removing the transportation fasteners, arranging the equipment, connecting the power supply, reaching the set pressure in the laboratory compartment, the laboratory is ready for work. ·

Before starting work, personnel enter the vestibule, put on protective clothing and go into the laboratory compartment. After the end of work, it carries out removal and disinfection in the vestibule-gateway.

For operation, the samples are transferred through the transfer gateway to the laboratory compartment, where they are carried out their initial preparation and study by the methods of MFA, ELISA, PCR.

The technical characteristics and equipment of the machine ensure constant availability and the necessary conditions for sampling from the environment, the express indication of microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-II, the identification of microorganisms in the field, while the optimal conditions are created for personnel to carry out diagnostics. The hermetically made laboratory compartment and the developed system of forced-air and exhaust forced ventilation ensures the biological safety of work with pathogenic biological agents.

The inventive laboratory meets the requirements of regulatory documents on the safety of working with microorganisms and provides protection against pathogenic biological agents of personnel and the environment.

The laboratory is economical and does not require a large number of maintenance technicians. Depending on the destination and dispatch, the MLED can be transported by air, rail and water, or on its own. MLED is designed for operation in all macroclimatic regions, except for the climatic region with a very cold climate (below - 40 ° С).

The applicant made a prototype laboratory that passed tests that confirmed its compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents on the safety of working with microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups.

Claims (7)

1. Microbiological laboratory of express diagnostics based on an all-terrain vehicle, including a van equipped with energy supply, water supply, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, diagnostic equipment for molecular genetic, immunoserological studies, sampling devices, PCR box, microbiological safety box, computer, characterized in that the specially designed box body is divided by airtight partitions into : laboratory compartment, equipped with an emergency exit door with a mounted transfer window and an exit door to the vestibule gateway, microbiological safety box of class II B; a vestibule lock for putting on and removing protective clothing, equipped with an entrance door, and two technical compartments with access and control outside the van - compartment for the power supply system and compartment of the ventilation and air conditioning system; the laboratory is equipped with a forced ventilation system, with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartment and the airlock, and a digital visualization system for air discharge. 2. Microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply system is autonomous. 3. The microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the laboratory compartment and the airlock are equipped with an air disinfection system: recirculators and / or ultraviolet irradiators. 4. The microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the door of the main entrance to the laboratory, located in the compartment of the vestibule gateway, is equipped with an electromechanical lock of the ACS system. 5. The microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the entrance to the vestibule gateway is equipped with a retractable platform and an attached hinged ladder. 6. Microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outside to the bottom of the van attached boxes for storing tools, spare parts, consumables necessary for the maintenance of the laboratory. 7. The microbiological laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the box body is equipped with a laboratory stabilization system during operation, which includes four stationary screw jacks.

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