RU65437U1 - LABORATORY PARTICULAR HAZARDOUS INFECTIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mobile laboratories of especially dangerous infections and is intended for bacteriological studies for the presence of pathogens of especially dangerous and unknown infectious diseases. The laboratory is mounted in a van body on the basis of a special trailer for a KAMAZ all-terrain vehicle and contains a hermetically sealed interior, with a BSL-3 biological safety level, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system and life-support equipment. The laboratory interior is divided by airtight partitions into functional compartments designed for bacteriological research, and a sanitary inspection room. To receive biological material and transfer it to another compartment in the walls, transfer lock chambers are provided. The interior is equipped with all necessary equipment for bacteriological research. The laboratory is equipped with an audible alarm, means of an electric visual control system for the operation of the filter-ventilation unit, and means of alerting about the operating mode. The utility model provides constant readiness and the ability to conduct bacteriological analysis of microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups in the field, in accordance with the safety requirements for working with pathogenic microorganisms. 7 c.p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to mobile laboratories of especially dangerous infections and can be used for laboratory diagnostics of pathogens of especially dangerous and unknown infectious diseases.

There are various mobile medical laboratories (PML, VML, LMP, AL-4M) and sanitary-epidemiological laboratories to ensure sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic measures (Military Medical Journal. - 1995. - No. 7. - P.15-21). Laboratories are mounted on the basis of various vehicles and equipped with appropriate equipment. However, these laboratories were developed to solve the problems of medical support for troops in the conditions of hostilities, using weapons of mass destruction and are not adapted enough to fulfill the tasks of eliminating the medical consequences of peacetime emergency situations.

Known multi-purpose mobile laboratory, which is a container-type laboratory chamber and consists of a housing having a sealed compartment, an inlet compartment, an air removal compartment having a sterilizing filter that meets biosafety rules, a waste treatment compartment having an automatic autoclaving sterilizing device. The tightness of the laboratory compartment and the level of wastewater treatment can be selected using a specialized control system. The laboratory is constructed from panels that contain hollow parts. The laboratory provides a suspension type vibration isolation device. The laboratory can be used in the production of semiconductors, electronic equipment, in biotechnology, as well as for microbiological research, as a clean or biologically clean room. Patent US4850268, July 25, 1989.

The known diagnostic module of the mobile medical diagnostic complex (Military Medical Journal. - 1999. - No. 4. - P.14-21) mounted on the chassis of a cross-country vehicle MA3-4210 with diagnostic and auxiliary equipment located in it, as well as electrical equipment , air conditioning and an on-board computer. In the rear of the body are equipped with built-in cabinets for storing and transporting diagnostic devices, consumables and clothes, and in the front of the body at the level of the side doors there is a vestibule and in the other modules. The module is intended for

laboratory studies (general clinical, hematological, immunoserological), as well as storage and transportation of necessary diagnostic equipment.

However, the described laboratories are either not intended for microbiological research, or do not provide the level of safety necessary for work with especially dangerous infections.

The utility model is based on the task of creating a mobile laboratory that meets the requirements of regulatory documents on the safety of working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-II, which has all the necessary equipment for conducting bacteriological studies for especially dangerous and unknown infections under the epidemiological consequences of various emergencies, including bioterrorist nature.

The problem is solved in that the bacteriological laboratory of especially dangerous infections, mounted in a van on the basis of a special trailer for a cross-country vehicle KAMAZ, contains a hermetically sealed interior with a level of biological safety BSL-3, which allows working with pathogens of infectious diseases of I-II pathogenicity groups, with forced ventilation system equipped with fine filters and made with the possibility of creating a pressure difference between the compartments; equipped with life support equipment and divided by partitions equipped with hermetically sealed, interlocking doors, into functional compartments equipped with diagnostic equipment for isolating and identifying pathogens of especially dangerous infections, including a compartment for receiving biological material, equipped with an emergency exit door with an integrated transfer lock chamber, and equipped with a box biological safety class II, cabinets for placement of containers with bio-infected infected live livestock and with bio-test clean animals equipped with an electronic device with a scoreboard for maintaining the temperature regime, a locking device, while the biological safety cabinet of class II and cabinets are connected through a duct to a separate exhaust ventilation unit; a compartment for conducting bacteriological research, equipped with two transfer lock chambers, one of which is made in the partition separating the compartments, and a sanitary inspection room, including a compartment for removing top and dressing work clothes, a shower room, a compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing, equipped with furniture; while the equipment and means of life support, including energy supply systems,

water supply, sewage, heating, air conditioning and ventilation, the communication system is functionally and constructively interconnected. The ducts of the Class II biological safety cabinet and the cabinet for placing containers with bio-tested infected animals are equipped with fine filters.

BSL-3 level of biological safety is ensured by a hermetically executed cabin, forced supply and exhaust ventilation, which creates a pressure difference between the compartments, the presence of a sanitary inspection room.

The tightness of the cabin is achieved by filling the junctions between the panels of the internal wall sheathing, ceiling and floor covering with sealant. Salon is made with thermal noise insulation of wall, floor and ceiling panels. The inner lining of the walls and ceiling of the cabin is made of plastic that is resistant to detergents and disinfectants, and the flooring is linoleum.

For the creation of negative pressure in the compartments of the laboratory and the required air exchange, forced supply and exhaust ventilation is provided. The supply and exhaust ventilation system contains a filter-ventilation unit (FVU), a duct system that distributes air flows into the laboratory compartments and fine filters. The filter-ventilation unit consists of a supply and exhaust unit, each of which is equipped with a fan and a fine filter, and the exhaust unit fan has more power than the input unit fan. FVU provides forced ventilation of compartments with a degree of air purification of 99.995% of particles with a size of 0.3 microns. The created vacuum inside the compartment for bacteriological studies is 10 mm. water Art. The difference in pressure between the compartments prevents the penetration of air masses from the first compartment into the second, which ensures the safety of work for personnel in the compartment for bacteriological studies.

The biosafety box (BSC) of class II is designed to work with material suspicious of infection by pathogens of I (except viruses) -IV pathogenicity groups, and has industrially provided highly efficient fine filters installed on the inlet and outlet openings. From the cabin, air enters the BSC and, passing through the filters, recirculates inside the box (85%), and forcibly (15%) is discharged into the external environment through an air duct connected to a separate exhaust ventilation unit. BBB protects the working staff and the laboratory premises from contamination by pathogens and prevents contamination of the test material.

The compartment for receiving biological material is additionally equipped with a laboratory table covered with stainless steel, a cabinet for laboratory equipment, a chair and a refrigerator. The compartment for bacteriological research is equipped with a laboratory table covered with stainless steel, a thermostat at 28 ° C, a thermostat at 37 ° C, a refrigerator, cabinets for placing laboratory equipment. The compartment for removing outer clothing and dressing work clothes is equipped with a cabinet with two compartments for storing outer and protective clothing and a cabinet-sink, the compartment for dressing and removing protective clothing is equipped with a tank for dirty protective clothing, and the shower room is equipped with a shower unit. Doors are made of interlocking, excluding the simultaneous opening of passage premises.

Life support equipment includes energy supply, air conditioning and ventilation, heating, water supply, sewage and communication systems. The power supply system contains an electric generator located in a niche of the side wall of the box body, a power distribution board, a set of electrical wires, switches, sockets and a laboratory grounding system. The lighting system provides fluorescent lights, emergency light for interior lighting compartments, a bactericidal irradiator. The water supply and sewage system contains a tank for storing and storing water for 200-250 liters, a water supply system including a pump, filters, piping, taps, an electric water heater (storage type) and a sewer tank for collecting waste water for 200-250 liters. Sewer capacity is designed to collect waste water and treat drain water with disinfectants. The capacity is made in the form of a tank equipped with a siphon device and equipped with shutoff valves. The water supply and sewage system is designed to provide water compartments, perform sanitary and hygienic procedures, as well as for disinfection and subsequent disposal of used water. To maintain the microclimate parameters inside the laboratory, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems are provided. Power supply for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems is provided both from the car engine and from an external independent source and ensures the work of the laboratory in any climatic and weather conditions. In addition, an audible alarm system is provided, means of an electric visual control system for the operation of filter-ventilation units, means of warning about the operating mode, including red, yellow and blue lamps connected to the stages of the technological work process, which are used as follows. To alert about

filtering and ventilation units turn on a red light, blue indicates that UV lamps are turned on for disinfection of indoor air, yellow - no work with infectious agents is carried out. The communication system allows wired communication between the compartments and the cabin, as well as between other laboratories in a stationary state.

All laboratory furniture is attached to the floor, and laboratory equipment is fixed to prevent movement while driving. Depending on the research, the laboratory can be supplemented with special diagnostic equipment. On the outside of the front door there is a designation of the international biohazard sign, made in the form of a pictogram.

The utility model is illustrated by a figure, which shows a view of the laboratory, divided into compartments, and the location of the equipment in the cabin.

The interior of the laboratory is divided into five compartments, two of which are functional: a compartment for receiving biological material 1, a compartment for bacteriological research 2, and three auxiliary: a compartment for removing outer clothing and putting on work clothes 3, a shower room 4, a compartment for putting on and removing protective clothing clothes 5. The compartments are separated by airtight partitions 6. The compartment for receiving biological material 1 and the compartment for conducting bacteriological studies 2 can be accessed only after passing through compartments 3, 4, 5, the role of the sanitary inspection room. In the partition separating compartment 1 from compartment 2, a hermetically sealed transfer lock chamber 7 is mounted, which is intended for transmission of biological material to the study. The compartment for receiving biological material is equipped with an emergency exit door into which an airtight lock chamber 8 is mounted for receiving infectious biological material. The compartment is equipped with a biological safety cabinet of class II (BBB) 9 with an exhaust forced ventilation system, equipped with a cabinet for accommodating containers with bio-tested infected animals 10, a cabinet for accommodating containers with bio-tested clean animals 11, while the cabinets are equipped with an electronic device with a display panel to maintain temperature , a locking device and an exhaust forced ventilation system, a Dewar vessel 18, a laboratory table 12 located along the partition separating the compartments under which N refrigerator 14, and above - wall cabinet with shelves 15. BSCs Class II enclosures through ducts and connected to a separately disposed exhaust vent

installation. A cabinet for laboratory equipment 25 is located next to the BBB, and a laboratory chair 13 is also provided. In the compartment 2 for conducting bacteriological studies along the wall on the working table 19 are a thermostat 16 at 28 ° C, a thermostat 17 at 37 ° C, between which the wall a hinged cabinet for placing laboratory equipment 20. A refrigerator is located under the table 14. Moreover, refrigerators, a dewar vessel and thermostats are equipped with locking and sealing elements. A lock chamber 23 is mounted in the side wall of compartment 2 above the table. Compartment 3 for removing outer clothing and putting on work clothes is equipped with a sink 22, a cabinet 21 with two compartments, one of which is designed for outer clothing that is removed at the entrance to the laboratory compartment, and other for work and protective clothing. Shower room 4 is equipped with a shower unit (not shown in FIG.). In the compartment 5 for putting on and removing protective clothing there is a tank 24 in which dirty protective clothing is removed when leaving the compartment for receiving biological material 1 and the compartment for conducting bacteriological studies 2.

Preparation for the work of the mobile laboratory is as follows.

The laboratory is installed on a flat area and is fixed from arbitrary movement. Unfix, transfer to the operating position of the generator and connect the ground. Then the electric generator is launched, the interior lighting systems, ventilation, heating or air conditioning, water supply are turned on. When stabilizing the temperature in the cabin, a biological safety cabinet of class II is connected, its readiness for work is checked. Devices, laboratory glassware, necessary reagents are installed on the workstations. After unlocking and arranging the equipment, connecting the power supply, the laboratory is ready for work. The biological material received for the study, packed in accordance with the requirements of the sanitary rules, enters compartment 1 through the lock chamber 8. After that, the vehicles and persons who delivered the material are disinfected. In boxing class II 9, the staff analyzes the material received for the study, and prepares suspensions for infection. On the desktop 12, an autopsy of biological samples of small mammals, birds, infection and autopsy of biological samples, sowing of organ prints, preparation of smears of fingerprints is performed. Prepared culture media with crops, glass with fixed smears, fingerprints pass through the transfer lock chamber 7 into compartment 2 for bacteriological studies. In compartment 2, crops are incubated in thermostats, stained, smears are scanned, and the results of crops are recorded. The selected culture through the lock chamber 23 is passed out for subsequent

transferring them to an indication laboratory for identification by PCR, IPA, ELISA.

Design features, technical characteristics and laboratory equipment provide constant availability and the necessary conditions for conducting bacteriological analysis of microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-II in the field, while the optimal conditions are created for the staff to carry out diagnostic work. A hermetically sealed interior containing functional compartments and a sanitary inspection room, a forced ventilation system equipped with visual and sound controls for the operation of the HLF, ensure the biological safety of work with pathogenic biological agents, and colored signal lights indicate the nature of the work carried out in the laboratory.

The inventive laboratory meets the requirements of regulatory documents on the safety of working with microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups and provides protection against pathogenic biological agents of personnel and the environment. The laboratory is ergonomic and does not require a large number of maintenance technicians. The laboratory is used both as a part of the mobile anti-epidemic complex in eliminating the epidemiological consequences of natural disasters, technological disasters, emergency biological and social situations and committing bioterrorist acts, and individually, depending on the tasks set.

Claims (8)

1. Laboratory of especially dangerous infections, including a box body mounted on the chassis of a car or a special trailer for a cross-country vehicle, equipped with life support equipment, diagnostic equipment, characterized in that the box body has a hermetically sealed interior with a level of biological safety BSL-3, allowing work with pathogens of infectious diseases of the I-II pathogenicity groups, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system equipped with fine filters and made with possible the ability to create a pressure difference between the compartments, divided by partitions equipped with hermetically sealed, interlocking doors, into functional compartments equipped with diagnostic equipment for isolating and identifying pathogens of especially dangerous infections, including a compartment for receiving biological material, equipped with an emergency exit door with an integrated transfer lock chamber, and equipped with a class II biological safety cabinet, cabinets for placing containers with biological samples infected and animals and with bio-test clean animals, equipped with an electronic device with a scoreboard for maintaining the temperature regime, a locking device, while the biological safety cabinet of class II and cabinets are connected through a duct to a separate exhaust ventilation unit, a compartment for bacteriological research, equipped with two transfer locks cameras, one of which is made in the partition separating the compartments and the sanitary inspection room, including a compartment for removing the top and dressing the worker her clothes, a shower, a compartment for dressing and removing protective clothing, equipped with furniture, while equipment and life support equipment, including energy supply, water supply, sewage, heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems, communication systems are functionally and constructively interconnected. 2. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the ducts of the biological safety box of class II and the cabinet for accommodating containers with bio-infected animals are equipped with fine filters. 3. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the sewage system contains a sewer tank designed for disinfection of waste water, made in the form of a tank equipped with a siphon device and equipped with shutoff valves. 4. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the compartment for receiving biological material is additionally equipped with a laboratory table covered with stainless steel, a refrigerator and a Dewar vessel. 5. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the compartment for conducting bacteriological studies is equipped with a thermostat at 28 ° C, a thermostat at 37 ° C, a refrigerator, a laboratory table covered with stainless steel, cabinets for placing laboratory equipment. 6. The laboratory according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the refrigerators, the Dewar vessel and thermostats are equipped with locking and sealing elements. 7. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a sound alarm system, means of an electric visual monitoring system for the operation of the filter-ventilation unit, means of notification about the operating mode. 8. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a visual designation of the international biohazard sign, made in the form of a pictogram.