RU168825U1 - Semi-mounted pneumatic seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to universal pneumatic semi-mounted seeders designed for ordinary sowing of seeds with a row spacing of 187.5 mm of grain, cruciferous, and vegetable; herbs and mixtures with the simultaneous introduction of a starting dose of fertilizer. The technical result consists in the possibility of sowing seeds not only in the soil treated by traditional technology, but also in untreated, with plant residues from previously planted and harvested crops, the so-called stubble. The seeder contains a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowing materials, sowing devices, a fan with a drive, a hydraulic system, copying the working bodies, which are a block. The unit is mounted on the frame using a parallelogram spring-loaded suspension and consists of a seed coulter and a spring-loaded packer roller. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the sowing coulter is a chisel anchor with a carbide plate fixed to it. The spring-loaded packer roller and the coulter are mounted on an arm with rectangular grooves made along the contour, which mesh with a spring-loaded L-shaped handle, which is connected with the cam. With the help of a cam, the depth of seeding is regulated. Behind the anchor, on the bracket, is a metal tube of the vas deferens. The suspension of the spring-loaded press roller is single-sided. The coulters are mounted on the main and side frames in three rows. The pneumatic seeding system is equipped with a tee with bends, which are located under 30 °, and ejectors,

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to universal pneumatic semitrailer seeders designed for ordinary sowing of seeds with a row spacing of 187.5 mm of grain (wheat, rye barley, oats, etc.); medium seed - legumes (peas, beans, lupins, etc.); cruciferous (rapeseed, oil radish, etc.); loose (hedgehog team, fescue, etc.); vegetable; herbs and mixtures with the simultaneous introduction of a starting dose of fertilizers or herbs under the cover of crops in untreated or treated soil.

Known trailed pneumatic seeder AMAZONE Primera DMC. [1], which contains a trailer frame, with two side frames pivotally attached, on which 4 working rows of soil-copying working bodies are equipped with chisel openers with a carbide plate and paired frame rollers. Behind the seeder is a hopper mounted on wide tires of large diameter low pressure. The seeder is equipped with a fan, a hydraulic system for transferring the seeder to the working - transport position and folding - unfolding the side beams.

The seeder is designed for sowing grain, leguminous crops and herbs with a row spacing of 187.5 mm in untreated and treated soil.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that the seeder layout is made in such a way that the support wheels are located behind the opener group and several rows with sown seeds come into contact with the wheels, which leads to soil compaction, the delay in the appearance of sprouts in these places, the irregularity of seedlings, and, as a consequence, some decrease in yield.

A universal pneumatic trailed seeder [2] was selected as a prototype, consisting of a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowing materials, sowing devices, a fan with a drive, a seeder operation parameters control system, a hydraulic system, copying working bodies, each of which is a block which, using a parallelogram spring-loaded suspension, is mounted on the frame. The block consists of a sowing coulter and a spring loaded packer roller with a device for regulating the depth of seed placement.

A seeder designed for sowing seeds with a row spacing of 125 mm on light, medium and heavy soils with the simultaneous introduction of a starting dose of fertilizer or grass under the cover of crops.

The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- the presence of a difficult to manufacture and unreliable in operation welded unit for installing two coulter discs that must touch at one point at the entrance to the soil and be 6.5 mm offset from each other;

- the impossibility of sowing in the stubble, due to the insufficient effort of the working body to overcome the soil resistance, as well as the insufficient distance between the working bodies, leading to entanglement of their crop residues, burial of the soil and stopping of the seeder;

- the difficulty in manufacturing and the unreliability in operation of the node for regulating the depth of seed placement, which is a plate with holes in which the spikes of the spring-loaded handle are inserted;

- the presence of a holder of press wheels, which is a bracket that covers part of the free space between the coulters;

- the presence of sharp turns in the pneumatic seeding system, which increases the resistance in the pneumatic network and leads to congestion in the vas deferens.

The utility model is aimed at realizing the possibility of sowing seeds not only in the soil treated by traditional technology, but also in untreated, with plant residues from previously planted and harvested crops.

In addition, the utility model is aimed at realizing the possibility of drastically increasing the coulter service life, making it cheaper, reducing material losses during maintenance and minimizing losses in the pneumatic network associated with sharp bending of the hoses.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in a seeder containing a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowing materials, sowing devices, a fan with a drive, a hydraulic system, copying working bodies with an individual device for regulating the depth of seed placement, each of which is the unit, which is mounted on the frame with the help of a parallelogram spring-loaded suspension, consists of a seed coulter and a spring-loaded packer roller, the following differences are provided.

The sowing coulter is a chisel-shaped anchor with a carbide plate fixed to it. The spring-loaded packer roller and the coulter are mounted on an arm with rectangular grooves made along the contour, which mesh with a spring-loaded L-shaped handle, which is connected with the cam. With the help of a cam, the depth of seeding is regulated. Behind the anchor, on the bracket, is a metal tube of the vas deferens.

In addition, the proposed universal pneumatic semitrailer seeder is characterized in that the suspension of the spring-loaded press roller is single-sided, and the coulters are mounted on the main and side frames in three rows. The pneumatic sowing system is equipped with a tee with bends located under 30 °, and ejectors, structurally made with a rotation under 15 ° relative to the sowing device.

It is this that allows us to conclude that there is a causal relationship between the totality of the essential features of the claimed technical solution and the achieved technical result.

The technical nature of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a seeder universal pneumatic semitrailer.

In FIG. 2 shows a view A (top).

In FIG. 3 shows a pneumatic seeding system.

In FIG. 4 depicts a working body with a chisel anchor.

The bearing element of the seeder is frame 1 (Fig. 1). The seeder frame consists of a main frame 2 (Fig. 2), a trailed frame 3 rigidly fixed to it and two pivotally mounted side frames 4. A hopper 5 is installed on the main frame 2, which is an all-welded structure, and made in the form of two compartments - grain 6 (Fig. 1) and fertilizer or grass 7. Grain compartment 6 has two prismatic funnels, to the flanges of which are attached grain sowing devices 8 (Fig. 3). The fat or grassy compartment 7 (Fig. 1) is formed by partitions inside the hopper and is made in the form of a single funnel, to the output flange of which a fertilizer metering device 9 is attached (Fig. 3). The sowing devices 8 and the fertilizer sowing device 9 are connected to the ejectors 10 of the pneumatic sowing system 11. Compressed air enters from the fan 12 through a tee with outlets 13 to the ejectors 10, in which it is mixed with loaded grain and granular fertilizers. Then the mixture enters the distributors 14, to the working bodies 15 (Fig. 2) and into the grooves.

On the main frame 2 and two side frames 4, the openers are staggered in three rows in a checkerboard pattern. The distance between the rows of coulters is 650 mm, and in the row - 452.5 mm, which eliminates burial of the soil and entanglement of the coulters with crop residues.

Each working body 15 (Fig. 2) is a block consisting of a chisel anchor 16 (Fig. 4), with a brazed carbide plate 17 and a spring-loaded press roller 18 mounted on an arm 19, which is mounted on a main spring-loaded suspension bracket 20 on the main frame 2 (Fig. 2) and two side frames 4. Each block is equipped with a device for regulating the depth of seed placement 21 (Fig. 4), which is a cam with a spring-loaded L-shaped handle that engages with the rectangular grooves of the bracket 19, and each suspension - the pressure control device to the soil opener 22. Spring-loaded press wheel 18 is mounted on a one-sided suspension 23 and is equipped with a spring 24 which prevents separation of the roller from the ground even in the case of collision against an obstacle opener. Each block has two stops made structurally on the bracket 19 - the bottom, working in the transport position, and the upper stop, which determines the maximum lift of the working body. The stroke of the working body is 160 mm. To the bracket 19, behind the chisel-shaped anchor 16, the metal tube of the seed tube 25 is rigidly fixed. The seeder has a support wheel 26 (Fig. 2) and a support-drive wheel 27.

The hydraulic system consists of two lifting hydraulic cylinders - lowering the seeder 28 (Fig. 1), two hydraulic cylinders of the side frames 29 (Fig. 2) and two hydraulic cylinders for controlling markers 30 (Fig. 1). Markers 31 are installed at the extreme points of the side frames 4 (Fig. 2). The seeder is equipped with a spring-loaded harrow 32 having paired spring-loaded teeth with double-curved leveling devices.

A universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder must be prepared for work as follows.

Load the grain hopper 6 (Fig. 1) with seed, and the fertilizer hopper 7 with granular fertilizers. Attach the towed frame 3 (Fig. 2) to the towed bracket of the tractor attachment and install on the frame 1 (Fig. 1) parallel to the ground. Using the lift cylinders - lowering the seeder 28, carry out the rolling of the support wheel 26 (Fig. 2) and the support-drive wheel 27, while the seeder will lower to the working position. Using the hydraulic cylinders of the side frames 29, expand the side frames 4. Lower one of the markers 31 to the working position using the hydraulic cylinder for controlling the marker 30 (Fig. 1).

On each of the working bodies 15 (Fig. 2) by means of a device for regulating the depth of seed placement 21 (Fig. 4) set the required depth of seed placement. This device is a cam with a spring-loaded L-shaped handle that engages with the rectangular grooves of the bracket 19, restricting the raising of the one-way suspension 23, on which the spring-loaded press roller 18 is mounted. At the same time, the spring-loaded press roller 18 is always pressed against the spring the earth. The distance between the lower point of the spring-loaded press roller 18, which is in the maximum lift position, and the lower point of the chisel anchor 16 is a predetermined seed placement depth.

Using the coulter pressure control device on the soil 22 located on the parallelogram spring-loaded suspension 20, the required pressure value of the bit-shaped anchor 16 on the soil is set.

When the drill moves, rotation from the support drive wheel 27 (Fig. 2) is transmitted to the sowing devices 8 (Fig. 3) and the fertilizer sowing device 9. The sowing material enters the ejectors 10, where it is picked up by compressed air from the fan 12 and through the tee with branches 13 of the pneumatic system 11 is transported to the distributor 14 and further to the working bodies of the seeder and through the metal pipe the seed tube 25 (Fig. 4) into the grooves.

Harrow 32 (Fig. 2) levels the soil after sowing. To ensure the butt spacing between the subsequent pass of the seeder with the help of hydraulic cylinders for control markers 30 (Fig. 1), markers 31 are transferred (Fig. 2).

Control over the operation of the sowing apparatus 8, (Fig. 3) of the fan 12, the presence of seed in the hopper 5 (Fig. 2), registration of the sown area is carried out by an automated parameter control system, the remote control of which is installed in the tractor cabin.

The creation of a universal pneumatic semitrailer seeder with copying working elements, the opener in which is a chisel-shaped anchor with a brazed carbide plate, has expanded the agrotechnical capabilities of the seeder: laying seeds in a furrow to a precisely specified depth, sheltering seeds with loosened soil, pressing seeds into the soil to create good contact with soil and the occurrence of the capillary system when sowing in any, including untreated soil or stubble.

Information sources

1.http: //www.ati.nnoy.ru/files/primera.pdf

2. Utility model RU No. 97894, application 2010114813 dated April 13, 2010, IPC АСС 7/00, published September 27, 2010.

Claims (4)

1. A universal pneumatic semitrailer seeder, including a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowing materials, sowing devices, a fan with a drive, a hydraulic system, copying working bodies with an individual device for regulating the depth of seed placement, each of which is a block, which using a parallelogram spring-loaded suspension mounted on the frame and consists of a seed coulter and a spring-loaded packer roller, characterized in that the coulter, representing A chisel anchor with a hard-alloy plate fixed on it and a spring-loaded press roller are mounted on an arm with rectangular grooves made along the contour, which engage a spring-loaded L-shaped handle, which is connected with the cam, by which the depth of seeding is regulated, behind the anchor, a metal tube-vas deferens is rigidly fixed to the bracket. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension of the spring loaded press roller is made one-sided. 3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic sowing system is equipped with a tee with bends located at 30 °, and ejectors, structurally made with a rotation under 15 ° relative to the sowing device. 4. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the coulters are mounted on the main and side frames in three rows.

Images