RU199177U1 - Trailed universal seeder with pneumatic sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for precise sowing of small round-shaped seeds. The universal pneumatic trailed seeder contains a supporting frame on which there are bunkers with two compartments for two types of sown materials, seeding devices, a fan with a drive, and its movement is carried out using undercarriage, which includes pneumatic wheels, a hydraulic system, a system for monitoring the parameters of the seeder, and a transport alarm. At the fan outlet, two branches of the air duct are connected to it through a tee, supplying air to the ejectors of the seeding units and further to the pipelines. The first bend is hermetically connected to the horizontal section of one of the pipelines with the possibility of rotation, to which, in turn, the second bend is also hermetically connected and also rotatably. The first knee and the second knee have independent electric drives for turning relative to the previous structural element, and the control of the independent electric drives is carried out by automation systems. A guide and a vertical pipeline with a wavy inner surface serving as a turbulator are attached to the second elbow. Above, at the end of the vertical section of the pipeline, a distributor is installed, the maintenance of which in the vertical position is carried out by the automation of independent electric drives, while the distributor consists of a body closed from above with a replaceable spherical cover, and a replaceable bottom is installed in the lower part of the body, while the lateral surface of the body is fixed replaceable nozzles, and the replaceable spherical cover has an internal parabolic cone, the surface of which goes to the inner surface of the body, and the replaceable nozzles are funnel-shaped with a taper angle α = 0 ° ... 70 °. In this case, the removable bottom has an opening, in the form of a channel, in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, located with an eccentricity (ε = 0 ... 0.1 of the diameter of the vertical section of the pipeline) relative to the longitudinal axis of the removable bottom. Seed pipes in the form of flexible hoses are installed on the replaceable pipes, which are attached with the second end to the openers and are coaxially located with the cylindrical holes passing inside the openers, forming in the aggregate branches.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and is designed for precise sowing of small round seeds.

Known distribution head of a pneumatic seeder for sowing bulk materials according to the patent RU No. 2060617 C1, A01C 7/04, prior. 03/15/1993, publ. 05/27/1996, containing an inlet pipeline, a distributor with branch pipes and a guide with grooves. The flow guide is made in the form of a cone, the surface of which is formed by rotation around the inlet pipeline and the distributor of the generatrix in the form of a circular arc. The center of the radius of the guide is on the line of the inner surface of the distributor and at a distance from the distributor cover equal to the radius and depth of the grooves. The diameter of the guide base is equal to the diameter of the inlet pipeline. The flow guide is fixed on the distributor cover, and the top of the cone is lowered downwards towards the air flow transporting the sown material.

The disadvantage of this device is that when installing a pneumatic distribution head on a pipeline having a horizontal section with a transition to a vertical direction, under the action of centrifugal forces, the grain part in the air-product flow will shift towards the outer edge of the pipe (elbow). Due to insufficient turbulence of the air-grain flow in the vertical section, a uniform distribution of material particles over the cross-section of the flow is not ensured. Thus, there are conditions for an uneven distribution of material particles relative to the top of the cone. This will lead to an uneven supply of material particles of the air-product flow through the distributor pipes (and, accordingly, through the openers).

Known pneumatic-mechanical manifold-distributor of pneumatic grain seeder according to the patent for useful model RU No. 146615 U1, A01C 7/00, prior. 05/22/2014, publ. 10/20/2014, containing a vertical supply pipeline, a centering device and a distributor head with branch pipes.

The disadvantage of this device is excessive trauma to the caryopses of seeds, due to the design features of the centering device: the presence of sharp edges of the mesh holes, contributes to injury to the caryopsis when they hit the mesh when the air flow passes through the mesh holes; high roughness of the mesh surface, contributes to abrasion of the outer surface of the grain.

Known distribution head pneumatic seeder according to patent RU No. 34306 U1, A01C 7/00, prior. 04/22/2003, publ. 10.12.2003, including a frame with support wheels, a hopper with a metering device, a system for pneumatic transportation of seeds, sowing sections, consisting of a parallelogram mechanism, a coulter, including a chisel share.

The disadvantage of this device is that when installing a pneumatic distribution head on a pipeline having a horizontal section with a transition to a vertical direction, under the action of centrifugal forces, the particles of the sown material of the air-product flow will shift towards the outer edge of the knee. Due to the insufficient turbulence of the air-product flow in the vertical section, the uniform distribution of the particles of the sown material along the cross-section of the flow is not ensured over a certain length of the vertical section. Thus, there are conditions for an uneven distribution of material particles relative to the top of the cone. This will lead to uneven flow of material particles through the distributor pipes (and, accordingly, through the openers).

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is a universal pneumatic trailed seeder according to the utility model patent RU No. 168825 U1, А01С 7/00, prior. 05/12/2016, publ. 02/21/2017, consisting of a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sown materials, seeding devices, a fan with a drive, a hydraulic system, copying working bodies, which are a block. The unit is mounted on a frame using a parallelogram spring-loaded suspension and consists of a seed coulter and a spring-loaded press roller.

The disadvantage of this device is that when installing a pneumatic distribution head on a pipeline having a horizontal section with a transition to the vertical direction, under the action of centrifugal forces, particles of the material of the air-product flow will shift towards the outer edge of the knee. Due to insufficient turbulence of the air-product flow in the vertical section, a uniform distribution of material particles over the cross-section of the flow is not ensured over a certain length of the vertical section. Thus, there are conditions for an uneven distribution of material particles relative to the top of the cone, which will lead to an uneven supply of material particles through the distributor pipes (and, accordingly, through the openers). The flat surface of the distributor cover will cause injury to the seed particles from a head-on impact. In the design of the prototype, as in a number of other pneumatic seed drills, flexible hoses of various lengths are used to connect the distributor to the openers. Due to this, the pneumatic resistance of the various outlets going from the distributor to the coulters has a high unevenness, and, accordingly, a high unevenness of the flow rate of the air-product flow and the mass of the sown material, in particular.

The claimed utility model is aimed at eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known device. From its use, the following result can be obtained: an increase in the uniformity of the supply of material particles along the distributor pipes (and, accordingly, along the openers).

The specified technical effect is achieved due to the use of the following solutions in the design of the universal pneumatic trailed seeder:

- replaceable spherical cover of the distributor is located horizontally (i.e. the longitudinal axis of the distributor body is vertical) due to the possibility of turning the first bend and the second bend by means of electric drives when the seeder is located at an angle on inclined sections.

- installation of a guide and a replaceable bottom of the distributor with an eccentric opening in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, in which the outlet taper is less than the inlet taper, ensures the removal of material particles in the air-product flow from the walls of the vertical section of the pipeline and the concentration of material particles from the air-product flow along the axis of the body distributor.

- the use of a parabolic cone makes it possible to replace the frontal impact of the material against the wall of the replaceable spherical cover with a tangential one, preventing injury to the seeds, and allows directing material particles from the air flow into the openings of the replaceable nozzles.

- to compensate for the unevenness of the flow rate of the air-product flow among the branches, caused by their different pneumatic resistance, replaceable nozzles with different taper are used.

Graphic materials:

Fig 1. Seeder universal pneumatic trailed

FIG. 2 Pneumatic system of the universal pneumatic trailed seeder

Fig 3. The distributor assembly of the universal pneumatic trailed seeder

Fig 4. Housing of the distributor of the universal pneumatic trailed seeder

FIG. 5 Cover replaceable spherical seed drill universal pneumatic trailed

FIG. 6 Branch pipe of the replaceable distributor of the universal pneumatic trailed seeder

FIG. 7 The bottom of the distributor of the universal pneumatic trailed seeder

FIG. 8 Guide

The universal pneumatic trailed seeder contains a supporting frame 1, on which there are bunkers 2 with two compartments for two types of sown materials, seeding devices 3, a fan 4 with a drive, and its movement is carried out using a running gear, which includes pneumatic wheels 5, a hydraulic system , a system for monitoring the parameters of the seeder, transport signaling. At the outlet of the fan 4, two branches of the air duct 7 are connected to it through a tee 6, supplying air to the ejectors 8 of the seeding devices 3 and further to the pipelines 9. The first bend 10 is hermetically connected to the horizontal section of one of the pipelines 9 with the possibility of rotation, to which in turn the second bend 11 is also hermetically connected and also rotatable. The first bend 10 and the second bend 11 have independent electric drives 12 for rotation relative to the previous structural element, and the independent electric drives 12 are controlled by automation systems. A guide 13 and a vertical pipeline 14 with a wavy inner surface serving as a guide are attached to the second bend 11.

turbulator. Above, at the end of the vertical section of the pipeline 14, a distributor 15 is installed, the maintenance of which in the vertical position is carried out by the automation of independent electric drives 12, while the distributor 15 consists of a housing 16 closed from above by a replaceable spherical cover 17, and a replaceable bottom 18 is installed in the lower part of the housing 16, while on the side surface of the body 16, replaceable pipes 19 are fixed, and on the replaceable spherical cover 17 there is an internal parabolic cone 20, the surface of which goes to the inner surface of the body 16, and the replaceable pipes 19 have a funnel shape with a taper angle α = 0 ° ... 70 ° ... At the same time, the removable bottom 18 has a hole 21, in the form of a channel, in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, located with an eccentricity (ε = 0 ... 0.1 of the diameter of the vertical section of the pipeline 14) relative to the longitudinal axis of the removable bottom 18. On the replaceable nozzles 19, seed pipes 22 are installed in the form of flexible hoses, attached by the second end to the openers 23 and being coaxially located with the cylindrical openings passing inside the openers 23, together forming branches 24.

The work of the universal pneumatic trailed seeder is as follows.

Compressed air is supplied from the fan 4 through the tee 6 through the air ducts 7 to the ejectors 8, to capture the seeds and granules of mineral fertilizers by the air flow with the formation of an air-product flow. The generated product air flow along the horizontal section of the pipeline 9, two successively located first elbow 10 and the second elbow 11, guide 13, the vertical section of the pipeline 14 is fed to the distributor 15. The air flow, passing through the eccentric hole 21 of the channel of the replaceable bottom 18 of the distributor 15, is directed to parabolic cone 20 of the replaceable spherical cover 17. Diverging in different directions, the air-product flow stratifies, and the material particles are pressed under the action of centrifugal forces to

the curved surface of the parabolic cone 20, while retaining the ability to slide towards the replaceable nozzles 19. Inside the replaceable nozzles 19, an air-product flow is formed again.

The air-product flow, passing through the replaceable pipes 19, through the seed pipes 22, connecting the replaceable pipes 19 of the housing 16 of the distributor 15 with the openers 23, and passing through the cylindrical openings of the openers 23, exits through the lower ends of the air duct of the openers 23 (nozzles) into the atmosphere above the furrow by delivering seeds and granules to the furrow.

Claims (1)

Universal seeder with pneumatic seeding trailed, consisting of a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowing materials, seeding devices, a fan with a drive, a running gear with pneumatic wheels, a hydraulic system, a system for monitoring the parameters of the seeder, transport signaling, characterized in that after the fan and the ejector of the seeding units, two hermetic joints of the horizontal section of the pipeline with the first elbow, and the first with the second elbow, are installed to maintain the distributor in a vertical position, which have independent electric drives, a guide and a vertical pipeline with a wavy inner surface, while the distributor consists of a housing with fastening to it with a replaceable spherical cover, replaceable bottom and replaceable nozzles, while on the replaceable spherical cover there is an internal parabolic cone, the surface of which goes to the inner surface of the body, and replaceable nozzles have a funnel-shaped a shape with a taper angle α = 0 ° ... 70 °, and the removable bottom has an opening in the form of a channel, in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, located with an eccentricity ε = 0 ... 0.1 of the diameter of the vertical section of the pipeline relative to the longitudinal axis of the removable bottom.

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