RU213145U1 - CVT universal seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed technical solution relates to agricultural engineering and is intended for sowing grain seeds (wheat, rye, barley, oats), legumes (peas, soybeans), as well as for sowing small seed crops (rapeseed, sweet clover, alfalfa, mustard, etc.) with simultaneous application of mineral granular fertilizers and rolling. The device includes a frame with a traction hitch and a sowing device placed on it, including a seed hopper, a seed pipeline, working bodies, transport wheels with a hydraulic lifting system, and pressing rollers. The device has improved performance characteristics (increased fault tolerance, increased working volume of seed, increased variability in pressure rollers, increased versatility of seed, better performance) in comparison with analogues.

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to agricultural engineering and is intended for sowing grain seeds (wheat, rye, barley, oats), legumes (peas, soybeans), as well as for sowing small-seeded crops (rapeseed, sweet clover, alfalfa, mustard, etc.) with simultaneous application of mineral granular fertilizers and rolling.

A stubble seeder with a combined rotary working body is known from the prior art (utility model patent RU 97239 U1, publ.: 10.09.2010 Bull. No. 25). A stubble seeder with a combined rotary working body, containing a frame, a milling section closed with a protective casing, fertilizer and seed metering devices, respectively, with a fertilizer line and a seed distributor, a press roller and a harrower, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality and reduce the energy intensity of tillage, the shaft of the rotary working body is equipped with disks with active and passive drives, on which cutting knives are fixed.

The closest technical solution is a combined seeding unit (utility model patent RU 208814 U1, publ.: 14.01.2022 Bull. No. 2). The combined sowing unit includes a frame with a towing device, a hopper with sowing units, support wheels, coulters. Each coulter includes a rack, lancet paw, seed tube. Behind the coulters, a roller attachment is installed, containing rollers of a loosening and leveling type, an H-shaped frame, brackets and rods, a nut and a spring are installed on each rod. Ripper type skating rink contains an axle, side discs, a hollow cylinder. On the periphery of the hollow cylinder, lump crushers are installed, having the shape of a tetrahedral pyramid. The roller of the leveling type contains an axle, side and intermediate disks mounted on the axle at regular intervals in the horizontal plane, rippers. The rippers are installed in the side and intermediate discs in such a way that they form a helix. The rippers are square in cross-section and twisted along their entire length by an angle α relative to their longitudinal axis of symmetry in such a way that the sharp edges of each ripper form helical lines, and the sharp edges of the rippers are directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the leveling roller.

The main disadvantage of the devices given as analogs is the limitation of the amount of seeded raw materials due to insufficient structural strength. Also, as a disadvantage, it should be noted the impossibility of adjusting the height and pressing force of the row rollers after sowing, which affects the efficiency of sowing work and productivity. Another disadvantage is the insufficient distance between the rows of working bodies, which increases the likelihood of clogging with straw or grass of the working bodies, which in turn increases the risk of failure of the working elements of the device.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is to create a universal variable-speed seeder with improved performance.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed device includes:

- reinforced frame with a large bunker loading volume and increased productivity;

- two-row arrangement of anchor working bodies (no-teal type) with an increased distance between rows, which makes it possible to reduce clogging of working bodies with straw or grass;

- height-adjustable and pressure-adjustable press rollers;

- the sowing unit has a single housing with a direct drive from the variator by two shafts, located at an angle sufficient for sowing (rolling) seeds due to the force of gravity, which allows for a more accurate sowing rate of seeds of leguminous crops.

The technical result provided by the given combination of features is an increase in operational characteristics (increased fault tolerance, increased working volume of seed raw materials, increased variability in the pressure of the pressure rollers, increased versatility of the seed material, better productivity).

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which show:

in fig. 1 – general view of the seeder;

in fig. 2 - bunker with a sowing machine;

in fig. 3 - working body,

where 1 - frame;

2 - rear beam;

3 - front support;

4 - bunker support;

5 - bunker;

6 - sowing machine;

7 - variator;

8 - working body;

9 - hydraulic cylinder;

10 - S-shaped thrust;

11 - lower link;

12 - rolling wheel;

13 - seed ducts;

14 - ladder;

15 - footboard;

16 - handrail;

17- oil pipelines;

18 - trailer;

19 - front thrust;

20 - lower link;

21 - top link;

22 - latch;

23 - sidewall;

24 - bunker cover;

25 - seed tray;

26 - handle;

27 - stand;

28 - cutting disc;

29 - anchor opener;

30 - thrust;

31 - bracket;

32 - spring;

33 - tray;

34 - support nut.

The seeder consists of a frame 1 (Fig. 1), which rests in front on the front support 3, and on the back on the rear beam 2, on which two pneumatic wheels are mounted.

The front support 3 consists of a pneumatic wheel mounted on a fork with a cage, which is connected to the upper link 21 and the lower link 20, forming a parallelogram with the frame of the seeder.

The front link 19 and the lower link 11, through the S-shaped link 10, provide a connection between the front support and the rear beam in order to align the frame 1 in a horizontal position.

A support 4 with a hopper 5, a footboard 15 and a handrail 16 is installed on the frame 1. A sowing machine 6 is fixed on the hopper 5. The sowing machine 6 is connected to the working bodies by seed pipes 13 using fittings.

The working bodies 8 are fixed on the transverse bars of the frame 1 in two rows in a checkerboard pattern. Behind the working bodies 8, to the frame through the racks 27 (Fig. 3), a pipe is fixed, on which the press rollers 12 are installed.

The drive of the sowing unit is carried out by a chain transmission from the rear right wheel, through the switching mechanism it drives the input shaft of the variator 7. The variator 7, in turn, sets the rotation of the shafts of the sowing unit 6. The shaft rotation indicators are installed on the intermediate shafts of the metering unit drive.

To climb onto the seeder for filling the bunker, as well as its maintenance, a ladder 14 is fixed to the rear beam 2.

In the front part, a trailer 18 is attached to the frame 1 with the help of fingers. The position of the trailer hitch is adjusted using a chain suspension.

With the help of the hydraulic cylinder 9, the seeder is transferred from the transport position to the working position and vice versa. When transporting and storing the seeder in a raised position, a latch 22 of the transport position is installed on the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 9. The hydraulic system is used to raise the seeder to the transport position and lower it to the working position.

When the hydraulic cylinder is up, the rod pushes the S-shaped link 10, which simultaneously acts on the front link 19 and the lower link 11, while the seeder is transferred to the transport position. To fix the seeder in the transport position, a removable latch 22 is used (Fig. 1).

When aggregated with a tractor, the outputs of the hydraulic systems of the seeder and tractor are interconnected using high-pressure hoses and breakaway couplings designed for ease of connection.

The seeders are equipped with a hopper 5 of increased capacity (Fig. 2) with a modernized sowing machine. The bunker is a welded container with two compartments (for seeds and fertilizers). A removable shutter is installed on the middle wall of the hopper 5, the removal of which will allow the hopper to be used as a single container for sowing only seeds.

The hopper 5 is installed on the support 4, which is fixed on the frame (Fig. 1).

The cover of the hopper 24 has a handle 26, which is both a handrail, and a rod that holds the cover in the open position.

The seeding unit 6 is attached to the bottom of the hopper.

Sidewall 23 is fixed on the frame bracket and the bunker support plate for mounting the variator 7.

Oil pipelines 17 are screwed on the front support posts 3, and a footboard 15 with a handrail 16 on the rear beam posts 2.

To prevent foreign objects from getting into the hopper along with the seed, a mesh basket is installed inside the hopper.

The working body consists of a welded stand 27 (Fig. 3), on which a cutting disc 28 and an anchor coulter 29 are installed. Using a comb made on the anchor coulter 29, its position is adjusted in height, thereby adjusting the depth of seeding into the soil.

The hinged stand, with the help of rods 30, is connected to the bracket 31, which is fixed with a clamp on the transverse beam of the frame 1. This connection forms a parallelogram, which allows each working body to independently copy the unevenness of the soil.

Spring 32 returns the working body to the lower position. The working force of the spring is adjusted by rotating the support nut 34 along the stem.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution are:

1 - increased fault tolerance of device nodes;

2 - increased working volume of seed raw materials;

3 - increased variability of pressure rollers;

4 - increased versatility of the seed material;

5 is the best performance.

Claims (1)

Universal variable speed seeder, consisting of a frame with a traction hitch and a sowing device placed on it, including a seed hopper, a seed pipeline, working bodies, transport wheels with a hydraulic lifting system, pressure press rollers, characterized in that the frame rests on the front support from the front , and behind - on the rear beam, on which two pneumatic wheels are installed, the front support consists of a pneumatic wheel mounted on a fork with a clip, which is connected to the upper link and the lower link, forming a parallelogram with the frame of the seeder, working bodies, consisting of a welded rack , on which the cutting disc and the anchor coulter are installed, are fixed on the transverse bars of the frame in two rows in a checkerboard pattern, a pipe is fixed behind the working bodies to the frame through the racks, on which the press rollers, adjustable in height and in the pressing force, are installed, the bunker is mounted on a support, which is fixed on the frame, and on the bracket of the frame and plas In the mud of the bunker support, a sidewall is fixed for installing a variator that sets the rotation of the shafts of the sowing machine.

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