CN112586140B

CN112586140B - Deep-scarification fertilization wide-width precision seeding method

Info

Publication number: CN112586140B
Application number: CN202011495234.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 费崇斌; 苏光远; 费崇敬
Original assignee: Xi'an Huxian Shuangyong Agricultural Tools Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Xi'an Huxian Shuangyong Agricultural Tools Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-17
Filing date: 2020-12-17
Publication date: 2021-09-10
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-17
Also published as: CN112586140A

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, adjusting the fertilizer output of a deep fertilizer output port on the upper side of each deep fertilizer guide plate by using a fertilizer adjuster; secondly, adjusting the depth limiting amount of the profiling depth limiting transmission press wheel; thirdly, connecting a tractor; fourthly, fertilizing and seeding preparation; fifthly, deep scarification, fertilization and wide precision seeding. The invention integrates depth limiting, straw clearing, deep scarification, fertilizer storage in the growing period, layered fertilization, rotary tillage, ditching, shallow fertilization in the germination period, broad width precision seeding and soil covering and pressing into a whole, can apply fertilizers required by crops in different growing periods into different soil layers at one time during deep scarification, realizes one-time fertilization, does not need late topdressing, realizes one-way input and two-way output extended-system broad width seeding during seeding, and can complete seeding operation at one time, improve the seeding depth consistency of the crops, and easily realize uniform, strong and uniform seedlings, thereby improving the crop yield and being convenient to adjust during use.

Description

Deep-scarification fertilization wide-width precision seeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of deep scarification fertilization wide-width precision seeding, and particularly relates to a deep scarification fertilization wide-width precision seeding method.

Background

Modern agricultural planting is basically mechanized, but generally crop seeding adopts no-tillage seeding, shallow-rotation seeding and other farming modes. However, most root systems of crops are distributed in a soil layer of 10-40cm, so that the soil layer structure and the soil property have great influence on the growth of the crops and the shape and the number of the root systems. Because no-tillage or insufficient rotary tillage depth, a hard plough bottom layer is easily formed on the soil bottom layer, and the surface layer live soil layer becomes small, which has great influence on the growth of crop root systems. And continuous additional manuring is needed in different growth periods of crops, so that the labor cost is high. Therefore, in order to achieve better growth of crops, effective methods must be employed to improve soil quality. Wheat is one of the main grain crops in China and belongs to crops, and an effective method is needed to improve the soil quality in order to enable the wheat to grow better. The plough bottom layer can be broken through deep loosening, and the air permeability of soil and the water and fertilizer storage capacity are improved. The wheat wide-width sowing technology is an important technology for realizing the crossing of wheat from high yield to ultrahigh yield level, and is one of effective ways for improving the quality of wheat population and improving the quality of individuals. The broad precision sowing technology changes the traditional intensive drilling and the crowded seed line, is beneficial to the uniform distribution of seeds, has no pimple seedlings and no shortage of seedling breaking pads, and overcomes the defects of the traditional intensive drilling and the traditional seed bunching, fertilizer competition, water competition, nutrition competition, few roots and weak seedlings. The existing fertilizing broad-width precision seeder has the defect that the seed emergence stroke is not easy to control in broad-width fertilizing and seeding, so that the seeds fall to the ground with time difference, seeding is not uniform, seedling emergence is inconsistent, even the extreme phenomenon that the seedlings cannot emerge is caused, the bottleneck problem influencing the popularization of the seeding mode is already caused, and the problems directly influence the final yield of crops and are urgently needed to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method aiming at the defects in the prior art, which integrates depth limitation, straw removal, deep scarification, fertilizer storage and layered fertilization in the growing period, seed row rotary tillage, ditching, shallow layer fertilization in the germination period, broad-width precision seeding and soil covering and pressing into a whole, can apply fertilizers required by crops in different growing periods into different soil layers at one time during deep scarification, provides a good environment for the growth of the crops, realizes one-time fertilization without later stage topdressing, reduces labor force on one hand, can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, can perform rotary tillage to form a seeding seedling zone after deep scarification, improves the seeding depth consistency of the crops, easily realizes uniform, strong and uniform seedlings, thereby improving the yield of the crops, can directly return the residual straws to the field through rotary tillage, can improve the fertility of soil and promote the growth and development of the crops, crop planting ditch straw stubble is few, and shallow layer fertilization pipe, first seeding conveyer pipe and second seeding conveyer pipe are listed as the setting along the seeder direction of advance, reduce the resistance of furrow opener assembly along the seeder direction of advance, utilize two sets of seeding conveyer pipes to improve the homogeneity of seed in wide seedling area, every seeding conveyer pipe bottom sets up separates kind ridge, realize the seeding of expanding of two way outputs of input all the way, two lines of seed output is balanced, and two seeding output tubes are laid side by side about being, realize seeding when the four lines of seeds can be obtained to a furrow opener assembly, realize wide seeding and seed uniform distribution relatively in wide seedling area, the seeding operation of disposable completion, it is convenient to adjust during the use, accord with peasant planting requirement, convenient to popularize and use.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method is characterized in that a deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding machine is used for deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding of crops;

the deep-scarification fertilization wide-width precision seeder comprises a rack, a double-output-shaft gearbox arranged on the front side of the rack and connected with an output shaft of a tractor, and a profiling depth-limiting transmission press wheel, a front-shovel straw cleaner, a deep-scarification multilayer fertilization shovel assembly, a seedbed rotary cultivator, a wide-width fertilization and seeding furrow opener assembly and a transmission press wheel which are sequentially arranged on the lower side of the rack from front to back, wherein the front-shovel straw cleaner and the seedbed rotary cultivator are in transmission connection with the double-output-shaft gearbox, and a chemical fertilizer box and a seed box are arranged on the upper side of the rack; the bottom of the fertilizer box is provided with a deep fertilizer distributor and a shallow fertilizer distributor, and the bottom of the seed box is provided with a first seed distributor and a second seed distributor;

the subsoiling multilayer fertilization shovel assembly comprises a subsoiling shovel and a deep fertilization mechanism arranged on the rear side of the subsoiling shovel, the subsoiling shovel comprises a shovel body and a shovel head arranged at the bottom of the shovel body, and the shovel head is connected with the shovel body through a shovel head connecting piece; the deep layer fertilizer mechanism comprises a deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe and a deep layer fertilizer discharging pipe communicated with the bottom of the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe, a fertilizer regulator is arranged at the intersection position of the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe and the deep layer fertilizer discharging pipe, a plurality of deep layer fertilizer guide plates for fertilizing soil bodies at different depth layers are arranged in the height direction of the deep layer fertilizer discharging pipe, a deep layer fertilizer outlet is formed in the upper side of the deep layer fertilizer discharging pipe where each deep layer fertilizer guide plate is located, and the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe is matched with the deep layer fertilizer discharging device;

the wide fertilizing and seeding furrow opener assembly comprises a furrow opening assembly plate, a shallow fertilizing pipe arranged on the front side of the furrow opening assembly plate and a wide seeding device arranged on the rear side of the furrow opening assembly plate, wherein a furrow opening plough is arranged at the bottom of the shallow fertilizing pipe, the wide seeding device comprises a first seeding conveying pipe and a second seeding conveying pipe arranged on the rear side of the first seeding conveying pipe, the bottom of the first seeding conveying pipe is connected with a first seeding output pipe, and the bottom of the second seeding conveying pipe is connected with a second seeding output pipe which is arranged side by side from left to right with the first seeding output pipe; the first sowing output pipe and the second sowing output pipe are both L-shaped sowing output pipes, a first seed separating ridge is arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom at the outlet side of the first sowing output pipe, and a second seed separating ridge is arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom at the outlet side of the second sowing output pipe;

the method comprises the following steps:

step one, adjusting the fertilizer output of a deep fertilizer output port on the upper side of each deep fertilizer guide plate by using a fertilizer adjuster: according to the characteristics of crop roots, a fertilizer regulator is utilized to regulate the fertilizer output amount of a deep fertilizer output port on the upper side of each deep fertilizer guide plate, the fertilizer regulator comprises a regulating plate articulated piece which is arranged on the inner wall of the rear side of the intersection position of a deep fertilizer conveying pipe and a deep fertilizer output pipe and is used for connecting a regulating plate, and a regulating rod limiting piece which is arranged on the rear side wall of the deep fertilizer output pipe, and a regulating rod for regulating the opening degree of the regulating plate is arranged on the regulating rod limiting piece;

the root system of the crops is characterized by comprising the following steps of sequentially growing root systems from top to bottom, wherein the middle part of the root system is sparse, and the root system is sequentially grown from bottom to top;

when the root system of the crops is characterized in that the root system is orderly flourishing from top to bottom, the length of the adjusting rod extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe is adjusted to be a first length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate is reduced, and the fertilizing amount is sequentially increased from top to bottom;

when the root system of the crops is characterized by luxuriant middle and sparse two ends, the length of the adjusting rod extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe is adjusted to be the second length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate is increased, and the deep fertilizer guide plate in the middle position outputs the maximum fertilizer amount;

when the root system of the crops is characterized in that the root system is sequentially luxuriant from bottom to top, the length of the adjusting rod extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe is adjusted to be the third length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate is increased as much as possible, and the fertilizing amount is gradually decreased from top to bottom;

wherein the first length is greater than the second length, which is greater than the third length;

step two, adjusting the depth limiting amount of the profiling depth limiting transmission press wheel: the depth limiting amount of the profiling depth limiting transmission press wheel is adjusted according to the root characteristics of crops and the sowing depth requirement;

the profiling depth-limiting transmission press wheel comprises a fixed support arranged on the rack, a press wheel mechanism connected with the fixed support, a transmission mechanism connected with the press wheel mechanism, and a depth-limiting mechanism arranged between the fixed support and the press wheel mechanism and used for limiting the depth of cultivation; the pressing wheel mechanism comprises a pressing wheel bracket rotatably mounted on the fixed bracket, a pressing wheel shaft mounted on the pressing wheel bracket and a pressing wheel fixedly mounted on the pressing wheel shaft; the depth limiting mechanism comprises a guide assembly and a limiting assembly which are arranged between the fixed support and the press wheel support, the guide assembly comprises an upper support fixedly arranged on the fixed support, a lower support fixedly arranged on the press wheel support, a guide rod arranged between the upper support and the lower support and a pressure spring sleeved on the guide rod, and the limiting assembly comprises a fixed seat arranged on the fixed support, an adjustable limiting rod arranged on the fixed seat and a limiting block arranged on the press wheel support and matched with the adjustable limiting rod;

the depth limiting amount of the profiling depth limiting transmission press wheel is limited by adjusting the extension length of the adjustable limiting rod;

step three, connecting a tractor: connecting the output shaft of the tractor with a double-output-shaft gearbox, and connecting the tractor body with a rack upper suspension frame;

step four, fertilizing and seeding preparation: filling a fertilizer box with fertilizer required by crops, and simultaneously filling crop seeds in a seed box;

step five, deep scarification, fertilization and wide precision seeding: the tractor pulls the deep scarification fertilization seedling belt rotary tillage precision seeder to move forward, and when the end part of the adjustable limiting rod collides with the limiting block in the upward deflection process of the press wheel support along with the press wheel, the press wheel support cannot continuously deflect upward any more, namely the maximum position of the upward deflection of the press wheel support is limited through the interference fit between the adjustable limiting rod and the limiting block; the pressure spring can generate the tendency of resetting along the length direction of the guide rod, and at the moment, under the combined action of the self gravity of the press wheel, the self gravity of the press wheel bracket and the elasticity of the pressure spring, the press wheel bracket can deflect downwards along with the press wheel to limit the tilling depth;

the straw cleaner before shoveling cleans the straws in the field, the deep scarification shovel loosens the soil deeply, the deep fertilizing mechanism applies the fertilizer required by the crops in different growth periods into different soil layers at one time while the soil is loosened deeply, the seedbed rotary cultivator carries out rotary tillage to produce a sown seedling belt and returns the residual straws to the field directly, the shallow fertilizing pipe applies the fertilizer required by the crops in the initial stage into the shallow soil layer after ditching by the ditching plow, first row kind of ware and second seed metering ware are carried the seed to first seeding conveyer pipe and second seeding conveyer pipe simultaneously, and first separate kind ridge and second separate kind ridge separation seed from middle roll-off seeding output tube, orders about the low-order roll-off of seed from both sides, realizes the system that expands of two way outputs of input all the way and sows, and first row kind of ware and second seed metering ware accomplish the seeding under the drive of transmission press wheel, carry out the suppression with transmission press wheel after the seeding is accomplished, accomplish the seeding operation.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: the bottom of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe is provided with a deep fertilizer baffle;

the deep fertilizer discharging pipe is a deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipe, the bottom of the deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipe is of a forward-inclined structure, the deep fertilizer guide plate is arranged on the rear side wall of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe, and an acute included angle between the central axis of the deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipe and the horizontal plane is 45-70 degrees;

the fertilizer regulator is including setting up on deep defeated fertile pipe and deep fertile pipe intersection position department rear side inner wall and being used for connecting the regulating plate articulated elements of regulating plate and setting up the regulation pole locating part on the deep fertile pipe rear side wall of going out, is provided with on the regulation pole locating part and is used for adjusting the regulation pole of regulating plate aperture.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: the deep fertilizer conveying pipe is communicated with the deep fertilizer discharging device through a deep fertilizer guide pipe.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: the first seeding output pipe is communicated with the bottom of the first seeding conveying pipe through a first guide pipe, and the second seeding output pipe is communicated with the bottom of the second seeding conveying pipe through a second guide pipe;

the first sowing conveying pipe is fixedly connected with the ditching assembly plate through a conveying pipe connecting plate, and the second sowing conveying pipe is welded with the first sowing conveying pipe or is connected with the first sowing conveying pipe through a short plate;

a first seeding flow channel is formed between the first seed separating ridge and the left inner wall on the outlet side of the first seeding output pipe, a second seeding flow channel is formed between the first seed separating ridge and the right inner wall on the outlet side of the first seeding output pipe, a third seeding flow channel is formed between the second seed separating ridge and the left inner wall on the outlet side of the second seeding output pipe, and a fourth seeding flow channel is formed between the second seed separating ridge and the right inner wall on the outlet side of the second seeding output pipe;

the first sowing output pipe and the second sowing output pipe are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the furrow plough;

the ditching assembly plate is provided with a vertical strip hole, and the conveying pipe connecting plate is fixedly connected with the ditching assembly plate through a locking bolt.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: the shallow fertilizing pipe is communicated with the shallow fertilizer discharger through a shallow fertilizer guide pipe; the first seeding conveying pipe is communicated with the first seed metering device through a first seed metering connecting pipe, and the second seeding conveying pipe is communicated with the second seed metering device through a second seed metering connecting pipe.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: the first seed sowing device and the second seed sowing device are arranged on a seed transmission shaft side by side, and an output shaft of the transmission press wheel is in transmission connection with the seed transmission shaft.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: drive mechanism is including installing the transmission shaft of press wheel axle one end, with the input shaft that the transmission shaft is connected and with the output shaft that the input shaft passes through sprocket feed subassembly and connects, the input shaft with the output shaft all wears to establish on the fixed bolster, sprocket feed subassembly is located inside the fixed bolster, the axis of input shaft the axis of output shaft with the axis homogeneous phase of press wheel axle is parallel.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: the input shaft is a hexagonal shaft, a shaft sleeve and two sleeves are sleeved on the input shaft, the shaft sleeve is positioned in the fixed support, the two sleeves are respectively arranged on two sides of the shaft sleeve and penetrate through the fixed support, a sealing plate is fixedly arranged at one end of each sleeve, and hexagonal holes matched with the hexagonal shaft are formed in the center of each sealing plate and the center of each shaft sleeve;

the press wheel bracket comprises two connecting plates which are arranged in parallel and are respectively arranged at two ends of the press wheel shaft and a connecting rod which is horizontally arranged between the two connecting plates, one end of each connecting plate is rotatably connected with the press wheel shaft, and the other end of each connecting plate is rotatably connected with the sleeve;

the upper support comprises two side plates which are arranged on the fixed support in parallel and a limiting installation block which is rotatably arranged between the two side plates, and a guide rod through hole is formed in the limiting installation block;

the lower support and the limiting block are both arranged on the connecting rod, the lower support comprises two lug plates symmetrically arranged on the connecting rod, the bottom end of the guide rod is connected with the two lug plates through a hinge shaft, and the top end of the guide rod penetrates through the guide rod through hole;

the guide rod is a threaded rod, a first limiting nut and a second limiting nut are respectively mounted at two ends of the threaded rod, the pressure spring is sleeved on a rod section between the limiting mounting block and the first limiting nut, and a damping spring is sleeved on a rod section between the limiting mounting block and the second limiting nut;

the chain wheel transmission assembly comprises a driving chain wheel arranged on the shaft sleeve and a driven chain wheel arranged on the output shaft, and the driving chain wheel is connected with the driven chain wheel through a chain;

the fixing support is provided with a mounting plate fixedly connected with the rack, and the fixing seat is mounted on the mounting plate.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: the output shaft is in transmission connection with the deep fertilizer transmission shaft through the fertilizer discharging transmission shaft, the deep fertilizer transmission shaft is in transmission connection with the shallow fertilizer transmission shaft through the transmission gear set, the deep fertilizer discharging device is installed on the deep fertilizer transmission shaft, and the shallow fertilizer discharging device is installed on the shallow fertilizer transmission shaft.

The deep-loosening fertilization wide-width precision seeding method is characterized in that: the tractor is characterized in that a suspension bracket connected with the tractor body is arranged on the frame, and a pedal for an operator to stand and a man ladder hinged with the edge of the pedal are arranged on the rear side of the frame.

The method has the advantages of simple steps, depth limitation, straw removal, deep scarification, fertilizer layering fertilization in the growth period, seed row rotary tillage, ditching, shallow layer fertilization in the germination period, wide-width precision seeding and soil covering and pressing into a whole, can apply fertilizers required by crops in different growth periods into different soil layers at one time during deep scarification, provides a good environment for the growth of the crops, realizes one-time fertilization without after-application, reduces labor force on the one hand, can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, can realize rotary tillage of a seeding seedling belt after deep scarification, improves the uniformity of seeding depth of the crops, and easily realizes uniform, strong and uniform seedlings, thereby improving the yield of the crops, can directly return residual straws to the field by rotary tillage, can improve the fertility of the soil, promotes the growth and development of the crops, has few stubbles in crop planting ditches, and has a shallow fertilizing pipe, First seeding conveyer pipe and second seeding conveyer pipe are arranged along seeder advancing direction in line, reduce the ascending resistance of furrow opener assembly along the seeder advancing direction, utilize two sets of seeding conveyer pipes to improve the homogeneity of seed in wide seedling zone, every seeding conveyer pipe bottom sets up at a distance from kind ridge, realize the seeding of expanding of two way outputs of input all the way, the two seed output is balanced, and lay side by side about two seeding output tubes are, realize seeding when a furrow opener assembly just can obtain four seed, realize the relative evenly distributed of seed in wide seedling zone of broad width seeding, the seeding operation of once only accomplishing, it is convenient to adjust during the use, accord with peasant planting requirement, convenient to popularize and use.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the deep scarification and fertilization wide-width precision seeder of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the profiling depth-limiting transmission press wheel.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the connection relationship of the fixing bracket, the press wheel mechanism and the transmission mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the subsoiling multilayer fertilization shovel assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a left side view of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a top view of fig. 4.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the broad width fertilizing and seeding furrow opener assembly of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a right side view of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a top view of fig. 7.

FIG. 10 is a block flow diagram of a method of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 10, in the deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method of the invention, a deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding machine is used for carrying out deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding on crops;

the deep-scarification fertilization wide-width precision seeder comprises a frame 4, a double-output-shaft gearbox 8 arranged on the front side of the frame 4 and connected with an output shaft of a tractor, and a profiling depth-limiting transmission press wheel 1, a front-shovel straw cleaner 6, a deep-scarification multilayer fertilization shovel assembly 2, a seedbed rotary cultivator 7, a wide-width fertilization and seeding furrow opener assembly 3 and a transmission press wheel 26 which are sequentially arranged on the lower side of the frame 4 from front to back, wherein the front-shovel straw cleaner 6 and the seedbed rotary cultivator 7 are in transmission connection with the double-output-shaft gearbox 8, and a chemical fertilizer box 9 and a seed box 18 are arranged on the upper side of the frame 4; the bottom of the chemical fertilizer box 9 is provided with a deep layer fertilizer apparatus 14 and a shallow layer fertilizer apparatus 15, and the bottom of the seed box 18 is provided with a first seed sowing device 19 and a second seed sowing device 20;

the subsoiling multilayer fertilization shovel assembly 2 comprises a subsoiling shovel and a deep fertilization mechanism arranged on the rear side of the subsoiling shovel, the subsoiling shovel comprises a shovel body 2-1 and a shovel head 2-2 arranged at the bottom of the shovel body 2-1, and the shovel head 2-2 is connected with the shovel body 2-1 through a shovel head connecting piece 2-3; the deep layer fertilizer mechanism comprises a deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe 2-4 and a deep layer fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5 communicated with the bottom of the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe 2-4, a fertilizer regulator is arranged at the intersection position of the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe 2-4 and the deep layer fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5, a plurality of deep layer fertilizer guide plates 2-7 for fertilizing soil bodies at different depth layers are arranged in the height direction of the deep layer fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5, a deep layer fertilizer outlet 2-8 is arranged at the upper side of the position 2-5 of the deep layer fertilizer outlet pipe where each deep layer fertilizer guide plate 2-7 is positioned, and the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe 2-4 is matched with a deep layer fertilizer discharger 14;

the deep scarification shovel is arranged to deeply loosen the soil, so that the deep scarification soil can break the plough bottom layer and increase the soil air permeability and the water and fertilizer storage capacity; the deep fertilizing mechanism is arranged at the rear side of the deep scarification shovel, the fertilizer regulator can be regulated according to the characteristics of crop roots before farming, and then the fertilizer output capacity of each deep fertilizer output port is regulated, so that the fertilizer output capacity of the crops at the later stage can meet the fertilizer requirement of the sown crops, wherein the fertilizer is introduced into the deep fertilizer conveying pipe 2-4, buffered by the deep fertilizer conveying pipe 2-5, falls onto the deep fertilizer guide plates 2-7 and finally discharged from the deep fertilizer output ports 2-8, the deep fertilizer guide plates 2-7 are arranged along the height direction of the deep fertilizer conveying pipe 2-5, further the fertilization of different levels of soil is realized, the deep fertilizing mechanism fertilizes the soil after the deep scarification shovel performs timely fertilization in the soil after the deep scarification, fertilizers required by the crops at different growth periods are applied into different soil layers at one time, and a good environment is provided for the growth of the crops, realizes one-time fertilization without additional fertilization in later period, and avoids seedling burning.

The wide fertilizing and seeding furrow opener assembly 3 comprises a furrow assembly plate 3-1, a shallow fertilizing pipe 3-2 arranged on the front side of the furrow assembly plate 3-1 and a wide seeding machine arranged on the rear side of the furrow assembly plate 3-1, wherein the bottom of the shallow fertilizing pipe 3-2 is provided with a furrow plough 3-3, the wide seeding machine comprises a first seeding conveying pipe 3-5 and a second seeding conveying pipe 3-6 arranged on the rear side of the first seeding conveying pipe 3-5, the bottom of the first seeding conveying pipe 3-5 is connected with a first seeding output pipe 3-9, and the bottom of the second seeding conveying pipe 3-6 is connected with a second seeding output pipe 3-10 which is arranged side by side from left to right with the first seeding output pipe 3-9; the first seeding output pipe 3-9 and the second seeding output pipe 3-10 are both L-shaped seeding output pipes, a first seed separating ridge 3-11 is arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom at the outlet side of the first seeding output pipe 3-9, and a second seed separating ridge 3-12 is arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom at the outlet side of the second seeding output pipe 3-10;

in actual use, a ditch can be ploughed out by arranging the ditching plow 3-3 at the bottom of the front side of the shallow fertilizing pipe 3-2, so that the air permeability of soil and the water and fertilizer storage capacity are increased, and after ditching by the ditching plow 3-3, fertilizer is output from the shallow fertilizing pipe 3-2 and is required by the initial growth of seeds; the rear side of the shallow fertilizing pipe 3-2 is provided with a first sowing conveying pipe 3-5 and a second sowing conveying pipe 3-6, and the shallow fertilizing pipe 3-2, the first sowing conveying pipe 3-5 and the second sowing conveying pipe 3-6 are arranged in a row along the advancing direction of the seeder, so that the resistance of the furrow opener assembly along the advancing direction of the seeder is reduced, and meanwhile, the uniformity of seeds in a wide seeding zone is improved by utilizing two groups of sowing conveying pipes; the first sowing output pipe 3-9 and the second sowing output pipe 3-10 are arranged side by side from left to right, the first sowing output pipe 3-9 and the second sowing output pipe 3-10 can realize one-way input two-way output expanded sowing, two-way seed output is balanced, the two sowing output pipes realize four-way seed simultaneous sowing, and the seeds in the broad width sowing belt are relatively uniformly distributed.

It should be noted that the first seed separating ridge 3-11 arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom at the outlet side of the first sowing output pipe 3-9 protrudes from the inner side wall of the bottom, the second seed separating ridge 3-12 arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom at the outlet side of the second sowing output pipe 3-10 protrudes from the inner side wall of the bottom, and the first seed separating ridge 3-11 and the second seed separating ridge 3-12 are both shaped like a mountain ridge, the middle is high, the two sides are low, the first seed separating ridge 3-11 and the second seed separating ridge 3-12 block seeds from sliding out of the sowing output pipe from the middle, so that the seeds are driven to slide out from the low positions at the two sides, and one-path input two-path output expansion sowing is realized.

It should be noted that the profiling depth-limiting transmission press wheel 1 is combined with the transmission press wheel 26 to realize profiling depth limitation of the whole seeder.

The method comprises the following steps:

step one, adjusting the fertilizer output of a deep fertilizer output port on the upper side of each deep fertilizer guide plate by using a fertilizer adjuster: according to the characteristics of crop roots, a fertilizer regulator is utilized to regulate the fertilizer output amount of a deep fertilizer output port on the upper side of each deep fertilizer guide plate, the fertilizer regulator comprises a regulating plate hinge piece 2-10 which is arranged on the inner wall of the rear side of the intersection position of a deep fertilizer conveying pipe 2-4 and a deep fertilizer output pipe 2-5 and is used for connecting a regulating plate 2-9, and a regulating rod limiting piece 2-11 which is arranged on the rear side wall of the deep fertilizer output pipe 2-5, and a regulating rod 2-12 for regulating the opening degree of the regulating plate 2-9 is arranged on the regulating rod limiting piece 2-11;

when the root system of the crops is characterized in that the root system is orderly flourishing from top to bottom, the length of the adjusting rod 2-12 extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5 is adjusted to be a first length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate 2-9 is reduced, and the fertilizing amount is sequentially increased from top to bottom;

when the root system of the crops is characterized by luxuriant middle and sparse two ends, the length of the adjusting rod 2-12 extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5 is adjusted to be the second length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate 2-9 is increased, and the deep fertilizer guide plate 2-7 in the middle position outputs the largest fertilizer amount;

when the root system of the crops is characterized in that the root system is sequentially luxuriant from bottom to top, the length of the adjusting rod 2-12 extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5 is adjusted to be the third length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate 2-9 is increased as much as possible, and the fertilizing amount is gradually decreased from top to bottom;

it should be noted that the adjusting plate 2-9 and the adjusting plate hinge 2-10 are arranged on the inner wall of the rear side of the junction position of the deep fertilizer conveying pipe 2-4 and the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 2-5, play a role of draining the fertilizer entering the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 2-5 so as to discharge the fertilizer according to the characteristics of crop root systems, the adjusting plate hinge 2-10 ensures that the adjusting plate 2-9 freely changes the angle, the adjusting rod 2-12 adjusts the extending length in the adjusting rod limiting part 2-11 to provide a supporting and positioning height fulcrum for the adjusting plate 2-9, further determine the opening degree of the adjusting plate 2-9, when the characteristics of the crop root systems are that the root systems are orderly flourishing from top to bottom, the adjusting rod 2-12 extends into the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 2-5 for a certain length adjustment, and reduce the opening degree of the adjusting plate 2-9, the fertilization is sequentially increased from top to bottom; when the root system of crops is characterized by luxuriant middle and sparse two ends, the length of the adjusting rod 2-12 extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5 is adjusted moderately, the opening degree of the adjusting plate 2-9 is increased, and the deep fertilizer guide plate 2-7 in the middle position outputs the most fertilizer; when the root system of the crops is characterized in that the root system is sequentially luxuriant from bottom to top, the adjusting rod 2-12 is extended into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5 for a shorter length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate 2-9 is increased as much as possible, and the fertilizer application is gradually decreased from top to bottom.

the profiling depth-limiting transmission press wheel comprises a fixed support 1-4 arranged on a rack 4, a press wheel mechanism connected with the fixed support 1-4, a transmission mechanism connected with the press wheel mechanism, and a depth-limiting mechanism arranged between the fixed support 1-4 and the press wheel mechanism and used for limiting the tilling depth; the press wheel mechanism comprises a press wheel bracket rotatably arranged on the fixed bracket 1-4, a press wheel shaft 1-2 arranged on the press wheel bracket and a press wheel 1-1 fixedly arranged on the press wheel shaft 1-2; the depth limiting mechanism comprises a guide assembly and a limiting assembly which are arranged between the fixed support 1-4 and the press wheel support, the guide assembly comprises an upper support fixedly arranged on the fixed support 1-4, a lower support fixedly arranged on the press wheel support, a guide rod 1-17 arranged between the upper support and the lower support, and a pressure spring 1-18 sleeved on the guide rod 1-17, the limiting assembly comprises a fixed seat 1-23 arranged on the fixed support 1-4, an adjustable limiting rod 1-24 arranged on the fixed seat 1-23, and a limiting block 1-25 arranged on the press wheel support and matched with the adjustable limiting rod 1-24;

the depth limiting amount of the profiling depth limiting transmission press wheel is limited by adjusting the extension length of the adjustable limiting rods 1-24;

step three, connecting a tractor: connecting the output shaft of the tractor with a double-output-shaft gearbox 8, and connecting the tractor body with an upper suspension frame 5 of a frame 4;

step four, fertilizing and seeding preparation: filling the fertilizer box 9 with fertilizer required by crops, and filling the seed box 18 with crop seeds;

step five, deep scarification, fertilization and wide precision seeding: the tractor pulls the deep scarification fertilization seedling belt rotary tillage precision seeder to move forward, and when the end part of the adjustable limiting rod 1-24 collides with the limiting block 1-25 in the process that the press wheel bracket deflects upwards along with the press wheel 1-1, the press wheel bracket cannot deflect upwards any more, namely the maximum position of the press wheel bracket which deflects upwards is limited through the collision fit between the adjustable limiting rod 1-24 and the limiting block 1-25; the pressure springs 1-18 have the tendency of resetting along the length direction of the guide rods 1-17, and at the moment, under the combined action of the self-gravity of the press wheel 1-1, the self-gravity of the press wheel bracket and the elasticity of the pressure springs 1-18, the press wheel bracket deflects downwards along with the press wheel 1-1 to limit the tilling depth;

the straw cleaner 6 before shoveling cleans straws in fields, the soil is deeply loosened by a deep loosening shovel, a deep fertilizing mechanism simultaneously deeply loosens the soil applies fertilizers required by crops in different growth periods into different soil layers at one time, the seedbed rotary cultivator 7 carries out rotary tillage to a sowed seedling zone and simultaneously directly returns the rest straws to the field, the shallow fertilizing pipe 3-2 applies fertilizers required by the crops in the initial stage into the shallow soil layer after ditching by the ditching plow 3-3, the first seed sowing device 19 and the second seed sowing device 20 simultaneously convey seeds to the first sowing conveying pipe 3-5 and the second sowing conveying pipe 3-6, the seeds of the first seed separating ridge 3-11 and the second seed separating ridge 3-12 are separated and slide out from the sowing output pipe in the middle, the seeds are driven to slide out from the low positions at two sides, the system expanding sowing of one-path input two-path output is realized, the first seed sowing device 19 and the second seed sowing device 20 are driven by the transmission press wheel 26 to complete the sowing, after the seeding is finished, the transmission press wheel 26 is used for pressing to finish the seeding operation.

In the embodiment, the bottom of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 2-5 is provided with a deep fertilizer baffle 2-6; in actual use, the deep fertilizer baffle 2-6 is arranged at the bottom of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 2-5, so that the phenomenon that excessive fertilizer slips out of the bottom of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 2-5 to cause overlarge deep fertilizer amount and later-stage seedling burning is avoided.

The deep fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5 is a deep fertilizer outlet inclined pipe, the bottom of the deep fertilizer outlet inclined pipe is of a forward-inclined structure, the deep fertilizer guide plate 2-7 is arranged on the rear side wall of the deep fertilizer outlet pipe 2-5, and an acute included angle between the central axis of the deep fertilizer outlet inclined pipe and the horizontal plane is 45-70 degrees;

it should be noted that the deep fertilizer discharging pipes 2-5 are deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipes, and the acute angle included angle between the central axis of each deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipe and the horizontal plane is 45-70 degrees, which is convenient for buffering and discharging fertilizer, and when the acute angle included angle between the central axis of each deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipe and the horizontal plane is less than 45 degrees, the deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipes are too gentle, which is not beneficial to fertilizer conveying, easily causes fertilizer accumulation, and further plugs the deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipes; when the acute angle included angle between the central axis of the deep fertilizer outlet inclined pipe and the horizontal plane is larger than 70 degrees, the deep fertilizer outlet inclined pipe is too straight and steep, fertilizer is not discharged, the fertilizer is also accumulated, and the guiding effect of the deep fertilizer guide plate 2-7 is difficult to realize.

The fertilizer regulator comprises a regulating plate hinge part 2-10 which is arranged on the inner wall of the rear side of the intersection position of the deep fertilizer conveying pipe 2-4 and the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 2-5 and is used for connecting a regulating plate 2-9, and a regulating rod limiting part 2-11 which is arranged on the rear side wall of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe 2-5, wherein a regulating rod 2-12 for regulating the opening degree of the regulating plate 2-9 is arranged on the regulating rod limiting part 2-11.

In this embodiment, the deep fertilizer pipe 2-4 is connected to the deep fertilizer apparatus 14 through a deep fertilizer pipe 16.

In the embodiment, the first seeding output pipe 3-9 is communicated with the bottom of the first seeding conveying pipe 3-5 through a first guide pipe 3-7, and the second seeding output pipe 3-10 is communicated with the bottom of the second seeding conveying pipe 3-6 through a second guide pipe 3-8;

it should be noted that the first seeding conveying pipe 3-5 and the second seeding conveying pipe 3-6 are installed in a vertical state, so that the seeds can fall quickly, the first guide pipe 3-7 and the second guide pipe 3-8 are installed in an inclined state, so that the seeds can fall and buffer conveniently, when the seeding machine is in actual use, the inclination angles of the first guide pipe 3-7 and the second guide pipe 3-8 are consistent and opposite, the lengths of the first seeding conveying pipe 3-5 and the second seeding conveying pipe 3-6 are the same, the structural sizes of the first seeding output pipe 3-9 and the second seeding output pipe 3-10 are the same, so that the consistency of seed strokes, no time difference in falling and uniform seeding are ensured.

The first sowing conveying pipe 3-5 is fixedly connected with the ditching assembly plate 3-1 through a conveying pipe connecting plate 3-4, and the second sowing conveying pipe 3-6 is welded with the first sowing conveying pipe 3-5 or is connected through a short plate;

a first seeding flow channel 3-13 is formed between the first seed separating ridge 3-11 and the left inner wall at the outlet side of the first seeding output pipe 3-9, a second seeding flow channel 3-14 is formed between the first seed separating ridge 3-11 and the right inner wall at the outlet side of the first seeding output pipe 3-9, a third seeding flow channel 3-15 is formed between the second seed separating ridge 3-12 and the left inner wall at the outlet side of the second seeding output pipe 3-10, and a fourth seeding flow channel 3-16 is formed between the second seed separating ridge 3-12 and the right inner wall at the outlet side of the second seeding output pipe 3-10;

it should be noted that the first seeding output pipe 3-9 and the second seeding output pipe 3-10 are both L-shaped seeding output pipes, wherein the vertical pipe of the L-shaped seeding output pipe is a seed inlet end, the horizontal pipe of the L-shaped seeding output pipe is a seed outlet end, and the outlet of the seeds entering the first seeding output pipe 3-9 through the first guide pipe 3-7 relative to the first seeding flow passage 3-13 is consistent with the outlet of the second seeding flow passage 3-14, so that the seeds entering the first seeding output pipe 3-9 through the first guide pipe 3-7 are blocked by the first seed-separating ridge 3-11 and then output from the first seeding flow passage 3-13 and the second seeding flow passage 3-14 with consistent probability, thereby realizing seed uniform seeding, and similarly, the seeds entering the second seeding output pipe 3-10 through the second guide pipe 3-8 relative to the outlet of the third seeding flow passage 3-15 and the fourth seeding flow passage 3-14 The outlet strokes of the seeding channels-16 are consistent, so that the seeds entering the second seeding output pipe 3-10 through the second guide pipe 3-8 are blocked by the second separating ridge 3-12, and then the output probabilities from the third seeding flow channel 3-15 and the fourth seeding flow channel 3-16 are consistent, and the balanced wide-width seeding of the seeds is realized.

The first sowing output pipe 3-9 and the second sowing output pipe 3-10 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the furrow plough 3-3;

the ditching assembly plate 3-1 is provided with a vertical strip hole, and the conveying pipe connecting plate 3-4 is fixedly connected with the ditching assembly plate 3-1 through a locking bolt.

It should be noted that the furrowing assembly plate 3-1 is provided with vertical long holes for adjusting the installation height of the broad-width seeder, so that the installation height of the broad-width seeder can be adjusted, and the distance between the seed fertilizer and the seed covering thickness can be conveniently adjusted.

In this embodiment, the shallow fertilizing tube 3-2 is communicated with the shallow fertilizer apparatus 15 through a shallow fertilizer conduit 17; the first seeding conveying pipe 3-5 is communicated with the first seed sowing device 19 through a first seed sowing connecting pipe 21, and the second seeding conveying pipe 3-6 is communicated with the second seed sowing device 20 through a second seed sowing connecting pipe 23.

In this embodiment, the first seed sowing device 19 and the second seed sowing device 20 are installed side by side on a seed transmission shaft, and an output shaft of the transmission press wheel 26 is in transmission connection with the seed transmission shaft.

In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft 1-3 installed at one end of the ballast wheel shaft 1-2, an input shaft 1-8 connected to the transmission shaft 1-3, and an output shaft 1-11 connected to the input shaft 1-8 through a sprocket transmission assembly, the input shaft 1-8 and the output shaft 1-11 are both inserted into the fixing bracket 1-4, the sprocket transmission assembly is located inside the fixing bracket 1-4, and an axis of the input shaft 1-8, an axis of the output shaft 1-11, and an axis of the ballast wheel shaft 1-2 are all parallel.

It should be noted that, by arranging the fixed bracket 1-4 connected with the frame 4 and the press wheel mechanism connected with the fixed bracket 1-4, the press wheel mechanism comprises a press wheel bracket, a press wheel shaft 1-2 and a press wheel 1-1, when in actual use, the fixed bracket 1-4 can play a role of supporting the press wheel bracket and a role of connecting the rack 4 with the press wheel bracket, the press wheel bracket can play a role of supporting the press wheel shaft 1-2 and the press wheel 1-1, the press wheel shaft 1-2 can play a role of supporting the press wheel 1-1 and transmitting the rotary motion of the press wheel 1-1, because the press wheel bracket is rotatably arranged on the fixed bracket 1-4, in the process of pushing the press wheel 1-1 to rotate, the press wheel bracket deflects along with the up-and-down jumping of the press wheel 1-1.

It should be noted that, by arranging the transmission mechanism connected with the press wheel mechanism, in the process of pushing the press wheel 1-1 to rotate, the rotary motion of the press wheel 1-1 can be transmitted to the deep fertilizer apparatus 14 through the transmission mechanism, because the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission shaft 1-3, an input shaft 1-8 and an output shaft 1-11, one end of the transmission shaft 1-3 is arranged at one end of the pressing wheel shaft 1-2, the other end of the transmission shaft 1-3 is arranged at one end of the input shaft 1-8, the axes of the input shaft 1-8, the output shaft 1-11 and the pressing wheel shaft 1-2 are all parallel, and the axis of the transmission shaft 1-3 is vertical to the axis of the pressing wheel shaft 1-2, the transmission process of the pressing wheel 1-1 and the transmission mechanism is as follows: when the press wheel 1-1 rotates, the press wheel 1-1 drives the press wheel shaft 1-2 to rotate, the press wheel shaft 1-2 drives the transmission shaft 1-3 to rotate, and the input shaft 1-8 is in transmission connection with the output shaft 1-11 through the chain wheel transmission assembly, so that the input shaft 1-8 can drive the output shaft 1-11 to rotate, the transmission shaft 1-3 can be used for realizing the transmission between the press wheel shaft 1-2 and the input shaft 1-8, and the chain wheel transmission assembly can be used for realizing the transmission between the input shaft 1-8 and the output shaft 1-11, and the transmission is accurate and has good stability.

It should be noted that, a guiding assembly and a limiting assembly are arranged between the fixed support 1-4 and the press wheel mechanism, the guiding assembly and the limiting assembly are both arranged between the fixed support 1-4 and the press wheel support, the guiding assembly comprises an upper support and a lower support, the upper support is fixedly arranged on the fixed support 1-4, the lower support is fixedly arranged on the press wheel support, a guiding rod 1-17 is arranged between the upper support and the lower support, and a pressure spring 1-18 is sleeved on the guiding rod 1-17, when the press wheel support deflects upwards along with the press wheel 1-1, the guiding rod 1-17 can play a guiding role for the deflection of the press wheel support, and meanwhile, the pressure spring 1-18 is compressed along the length direction of the guiding rod 1-17, so as to play a damping role, can avoid the in-process of going up and down to beat of press wheel support to take place to twist reverse, can improve the deflection precision and the life of press wheel support.

It should be noted that a limiting assembly is arranged between the fixed support 1-4 and the press wheel mechanism, the limiting assembly comprises a fixed seat 1-23, an adjustable limiting rod 1-24 and a limiting block 1-25, the fixed seat 1-23 is installed on the fixed support 1-4, the adjustable limiting rod 1-24 is installed on the fixed seat 1-23, and the limiting block 1-25 is installed on the press wheel support and matched with the adjustable limiting rod 1-24.

It should be noted that the number of the limiting assemblies is two, and the two limiting assemblies are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the guide assembly, so that the depth limiting stability and accuracy can be improved.

In this embodiment, the input shaft 1-8 is a hexagonal shaft, the input shaft 1-8 is sleeved with two shaft sleeves 1-9 and two sleeves 1-5, the shaft sleeves 1-9 are located inside the fixed supports 1-4, the two sleeves 1-5 are respectively arranged on two sides of the shaft sleeves 1-9, the two sleeves 1-5 are arranged on the fixed supports 1-4 in a penetrating manner, one end of each sleeve 1-5 is fixedly provided with a sealing plate, and the centers of the sealing plates and the shaft sleeves 1-9 are both provided with hexagonal holes matched with the hexagonal shaft;

the pressing wheel support comprises two connecting plates 1-6 which are arranged in parallel and are respectively arranged at two ends of the pressing wheel shaft 1-2 and a connecting rod 1-7 which is horizontally arranged between the two connecting plates 1-6, one end of each connecting plate 1-6 is rotatably connected with the corresponding pressing wheel shaft 1-2, and the other end of each connecting plate 1-6 is rotatably connected with the corresponding sleeve 1-5;

it should be noted that, by sleeving two sleeves 1-5 on an input shaft 1-8, the two sleeves 1-5 are arranged on the fixed supports 1-4 in a penetrating manner, a sealing plate is fixedly installed at one end of each sleeve 1-5, a hexagonal hole is formed in the center of the sealing plate, the hexagonal shaft is arranged in the hexagonal hole in a penetrating manner, the two sleeves 1-5 can play a role of supporting the hexagonal shaft and can play a role of protecting the hexagonal shaft, and because one end of the connecting plate 1-6 is rotatably connected with the ballast wheel shaft 1-2 and the other end of the connecting plate 1-6 is rotatably connected with the sleeves 1-5, the two sleeves 1-5 can play a role of supporting the connecting plate 1-6, so that the ballast wheel support can deflect around the axes of the two sleeves 1-5, and the axes of the two sleeves 1-5 coincide with the axes of the hexagonal shaft, the ingenious installation relation between drive mechanism and the press wheel support can be realized.

The upper support comprises two side plates 1-15 which are parallelly arranged on the fixed support 1-4 and a limiting mounting block 1-16 which is rotatably arranged between the two side plates 1-15, and a guide rod through hole is formed in the limiting mounting block 1-16;

the lower support and the limiting blocks 1-25 are both arranged on the connecting rods 1-7, the lower support comprises two lug plates 1-14 symmetrically arranged on the connecting rods 1-7, the bottom ends of the guide rods 1-17 are connected with the two lug plates 1-14 through hinge shafts, and the top ends of the guide rods 1-17 penetrate through the guide rods and penetrate through the holes;

it should be noted that the limiting installation blocks 1-16 are rotatably installed between the two side plates 1-15, and the limiting installation blocks 1-16 are provided with guide rod through holes, during actual installation, the bottom ends of the guide rods 1-17 are connected with the two ear plates 1-14 through hinged shafts, and the top ends of the guide rods 1-17 penetrate through the guide rod through holes, so that in the process that the press wheel support deflects along with the press wheel 1-1 up and down, the bottom ends of the guide rods 1-17 rotate around the hinged shafts, the guide rods 1-17 tend to deflect, and on the premise that the limiting installation blocks 1-16 are rotatable, the guide rods 1-17 drive the limiting installation blocks 1-16 to rotate, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the guide rods 1-17 are stuck or bent.

The guide rod 1-17 is a threaded rod, a first limiting nut 1-20 and a second limiting nut 1-21 are respectively mounted at two ends of the threaded rod, the pressure spring 1-18 is sleeved on a rod section between the limiting mounting block 1-16 and the first limiting nut 1-20, and a damping spring 1-19 is sleeved on a rod section between the limiting mounting block 1-16 and the second limiting nut 1-21;

it should be noted that, when the guide rod 1-17 is a threaded rod, and the two ends of the threaded rod are respectively provided with a first limit nut 1-20 and a second limit nut 1-21, after the guide rod 1-17 is inserted into the guide rod through hole, the guide rod 1-17 is divided into two rod sections by the first limit nut 1-20, the limit mounting block 1-16 and the second limit nut 1-21 along the length direction, the compression state of the pressure spring 1-18 can be changed by sleeving the pressure spring 1-18 on the rod section between the limit mounting block 1-16 and the first limit nut 1-20, so as to change the reset elastic force of the pressure spring 1-18, and the damping spring 1-19 is sleeved on the rod section between the limit mounting block 1-16 and the second limit nut 1-21, the use of the damping springs 1-19 enhances the damping of the guide assembly.

The chain wheel transmission assembly comprises driving chain wheels 1-10 arranged on the shaft sleeves 1-9 and driven chain wheels 1-12 arranged on the output shafts 1-11, and the driving chain wheels 1-10 are connected with the driven chain wheels 1-12 through chains 1-13;

it should be noted that, through sleeving the shaft sleeves 1-9 on the input shafts 1-8, the driving sprockets 1-10 are installed on the shaft sleeves 1-9, because the input shafts 1-8 are hexagonal shafts, only the centers of the shaft sleeves 1-9 need to be provided with hexagonal holes, the purpose of transmitting the rotation of the input shafts 1-8 can be achieved through the matching between the input shafts 1-8 and the hexagonal holes, so that the input shafts 1-8, the shaft sleeves 1-9 and the driving sprockets 1-10 can realize the simultaneous rotation, if the driving sprockets 1-10 are directly installed on the hexagonal shafts, the driving sprockets 1-10 matched with the hexagonal shafts need to be processed, and the processing cost of the driving sprockets 1-10 far exceeds that of the shaft sleeves 1-9; when the shaft sleeves 1-9 are positioned inside the fixed supports 1-4, the driving chain wheels 1-10 are arranged on the shaft sleeves 1-9, the driven chain wheels 1-12 are arranged on the output shafts 1-11, and the driving chain wheels 1-10 are connected with the driven chain wheels 1-12 through the chains 1-13, so that the chain wheel transmission assembly can be positioned inside the fixed supports 1-4, the fixed supports 1-4 can play a role in supporting and protecting the chain wheel transmission assembly, and the operation safety of the chain wheel transmission assembly can be improved.

The fixing support 1-4 is provided with a mounting plate 1-22 fixedly connected with the frame 4, and the fixing seat 1-23 is mounted on the mounting plate 1-22.

In this embodiment, the output shafts 1-11 are in transmission connection with the deep fertilizer transmission shaft 10 through the fertilizer transmission shaft 27, the deep fertilizer transmission shaft 10 is in transmission connection with the shallow fertilizer transmission shaft 11 through the transmission gear set, the deep fertilizer distributor 14 is installed on the deep fertilizer transmission shaft 10, and the shallow fertilizer distributor 15 is installed on the shallow fertilizer transmission shaft 11.

During the in-service use, be connected deep fertile fertilizer apparatus 14 with output shaft 1-11 transmission, can realize promptly giving the purpose of deep fertile fertilizer apparatus 14 with the rotational motion transmission of press wheel 1-1, simultaneously, in the process that press wheel 1-1 carries out the earthing, utilize depth limiting mechanism can inject the depth of cultivation, can improve the seeding emergence rate, excellent in use effect.

In this embodiment, a suspension bracket 5 connected with the tractor body is arranged on the frame 4, and a pedal 22 for an operator to stand and a man ladder 12 hinged with the edge of the pedal 22 are arranged on the rear side of the frame 4.

The method has simple steps, integrates depth limitation, straw removal, deep scarification, fertilizer reserve layering fertilization in the growth period, row rotary tillage, ditching, shallow layer fertilization in the germination period, wide precision seeding and soil covering and pressing into a whole, can apply fertilizers required by crops in different growth periods into different soil layers at one time while deep scarification, provides a good environment for the growth of the crops, realizes one-time fertilization without topdressing, reduces labor force on the one hand, can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, can realize rotary tillage of a seeding seedling belt after deep scarification, improves the seeding depth consistency of the crops, easily realizes uniform, strong and uniform seedlings, thereby improving the yield of the crops, can directly return residual straws to the field by rotary tillage, can improve the fertility of soil, promotes the growth and development of the crops, has few straw stubbles in crop planting ditches, and is arranged in a row along the advancing direction of a seeder, reduce the ditcher assembly along the ascending resistance in seeder advancing direction, utilize two sets of seeding conveyer pipes to improve the homogeneity of seed in wide seedling zone, every seeding conveyer pipe bottom sets up at a distance from kind ridge, realize the seeding of expanding of two way outputs of input all the way, two series seed output is balanced, and lay side by side about two seeding output tubes are, realize that a ditcher assembly just can obtain the seeding when four series seeds, realize wide width seeding seed relatively evenly distributed in wide seedling zone, the seeding operation of once only accomplishing, it is convenient to adjust during the use, accord with peasant planting requirement.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method is characterized in that a deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding machine is used for deep-scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding of crops;

the deep-scarification and fertilization wide-width precision seeder comprises a rack (4), a double-output-shaft gearbox (8) arranged on the front side of the rack (4) and connected with an output shaft of a tractor, and a profiling depth-limiting transmission press wheel (1), a front-shovel straw cleaner (6), a deep-scarification multi-layer fertilization shovel assembly (2), a seedbed rotary cultivator (7), a wide-width fertilization and seeding furrow opener assembly (3) and a transmission press wheel (26) which are sequentially arranged on the lower side of the rack (4) from front to back, wherein the front-shovel straw cleaner (6) and the seedbed rotary cultivator (7) are in transmission connection with the double-output-shaft gearbox (8), and a chemical fertilizer box (9) and a seed box (18) are arranged on the upper side of the rack (4); the bottom of the fertilizer box (9) is provided with a deep fertilizer distributor (14) and a shallow fertilizer distributor (15), and the bottom of the seed box (18) is provided with a first seed distributor (19) and a second seed distributor (20);

the subsoiling multilayer fertilization shovel assembly (2) comprises a subsoiling shovel and a deep fertilization mechanism arranged on the rear side of the subsoiling shovel, the subsoiling shovel comprises a shovel body (2-1) and a shovel head (2-2) arranged at the bottom of the shovel body (2-1), and the shovel head (2-2) is connected with the shovel body (2-1) through a shovel head connecting piece (2-3); the deep layer fertilizer mechanism comprises a deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe (2-4) and a deep layer fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5) communicated with the bottom of the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe (2-4), a fertilizer regulator is arranged at the intersection position of the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe (2-4) and the deep layer fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5), a plurality of deep layer fertilizer guide plates (2-7) for fertilizing soil bodies at different depth layers are arranged in the height direction of the deep layer fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5), a deep layer fertilizer outlet (2-8) is arranged at the upper side of the deep layer fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5) where each deep layer fertilizer guide plate (2-7) is positioned, and the deep layer fertilizer conveying pipe (2-4) is matched with a deep layer fertilizer discharger (14);

the wide fertilizing and seeding furrow opener assembly (3) comprises a furrow opening assembly plate (3-1), a shallow fertilizing pipe (3-2) arranged on the front side of the furrow opening assembly plate (3-1) and a wide seeder arranged on the rear side of the furrow opening assembly plate (3-1), a ditching plow (3-3) is installed at the bottom of the shallow fertilizing pipe (3-2), the wide seeder comprises a first seeding conveying pipe (3-5) and a second seeding conveying pipe (3-6) arranged at the rear side of the first seeding conveying pipe (3-5), the bottom of the first seeding conveying pipe (3-5) is connected with a first seeding output pipe (3-9), and the bottom of the second seeding conveying pipe (3-6) is connected with a second seeding output pipe (3-10) which is arranged side by side left and right with the first seeding output pipe (3-9); the first sowing output pipe (3-9) and the second sowing output pipe (3-10) are both L-shaped sowing output pipes, a first seed separating ridge (3-11) is arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom of the outlet side of the first sowing output pipe (3-9), and a second seed separating ridge (3-12) is arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom of the outlet side of the second sowing output pipe (3-10);

the method comprises the following steps:

step one, adjusting the fertilizer output of a deep fertilizer output port on the upper side of each deep fertilizer guide plate by using a fertilizer adjuster: according to the characteristics of crop roots, a fertilizer regulator is utilized to regulate the fertilizer output amount of a deep fertilizer output port on the upper side of each deep fertilizer guide plate, the fertilizer regulator comprises a regulating plate hinge piece (2-10) which is arranged on the inner wall of the rear side of the intersection position of a deep fertilizer conveying pipe (2-4) and a deep fertilizer output pipe (2-5) and is used for connecting a regulating plate (2-9), and a regulating rod limiting piece (2-11) which is arranged on the rear side wall of the deep fertilizer output pipe (2-5), and a regulating rod (2-12) which is used for regulating the opening degree of the regulating plate (2-9) is arranged on the regulating rod limiting piece (2-11);

when the root system of the crops is characterized in that the root system is orderly flourished from top to bottom, the length of the adjusting rod (2-12) extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe (2-5) is adjusted to be a first length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate (2-9) is reduced, and the fertilizing amount is sequentially increased from top to bottom;

when the root system of crops is characterized by luxuriant middle and sparse two ends, the length of the adjusting rod (2-12) extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe (2-5) is adjusted to be the second length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate (2-9) is increased, and the deep fertilizer guide plate (2-7) at the middle position outputs the largest fertilizer amount;

when the root system of the crops is characterized in that the root system is sequentially luxuriant from bottom to top, the length of the adjusting rod (2-12) extending into the deep fertilizer outlet pipe (2-5) is adjusted to be the third length, the opening degree of the adjusting plate (2-9) is increased as much as possible, and the fertilizing amount is gradually decreased from top to bottom;

the profiling depth-limiting transmission press wheel comprises a fixed support (1-4) arranged on a rack (4), a press wheel mechanism connected with the fixed support (1-4), a transmission mechanism connected with the press wheel mechanism, and a depth-limiting mechanism arranged between the fixed support (1-4) and the press wheel mechanism and used for limiting the tilling depth; the press wheel mechanism comprises a press wheel bracket rotatably arranged on the fixed bracket (1-4), a press wheel shaft (1-2) arranged on the press wheel bracket and a press wheel (1-1) fixedly arranged on the press wheel shaft (1-2); the depth limiting mechanism comprises a guide component and a limiting component which are arranged between the fixed bracket (1-4) and the press wheel bracket, the guiding component comprises an upper support fixedly arranged on the fixed support (1-4) and a lower support fixedly arranged on the press wheel support, a guide rod (1-17) arranged between the upper support and the lower support and a pressure spring (1-18) sleeved on the guide rod (1-17), the limiting assembly comprises a fixed seat (1-23) arranged on the fixed support (1-4), an adjustable limiting rod (1-24) arranged on the fixed seat (1-23) and a limiting block (1-25) which is arranged on the press wheel support and matched with the adjustable limiting rod (1-24);

the depth limiting amount of the profiling depth limiting transmission press wheel is limited by adjusting the extension length of the adjustable limiting rods (1-24);

step three, connecting a tractor: the output shaft of the tractor is connected with a double-output-shaft gearbox (8), and the tractor body is connected with an upper suspension frame (5) of a rack (4);

step four, fertilizing and seeding preparation: the chemical fertilizer box (9) is filled with chemical fertilizer required by crops, and the seed box (18) is filled with crop seeds;

step five, deep scarification, fertilization and wide precision seeding: the tractor pulls the deep scarification fertilization seedling belt rotary tillage precision seeder to move forward, and when the end part of the adjustable limiting rod (1-24) collides with the limiting block (1-25) in the upward deflection process of the press wheel bracket along with the press wheel (1-1), the press wheel bracket cannot continue to deflect upward, namely the maximum position of the upward deflection of the press wheel bracket is limited through the collision cooperation between the adjustable limiting rod (1-24) and the limiting block (1-25); the pressure springs (1-18) tend to reset along the length direction of the guide rods (1-17), and at the moment, under the combined action of the self-gravity of the press wheel (1-1), the self-gravity of the press wheel bracket and the elasticity of the pressure springs (1-18), the press wheel bracket deflects downwards along with the press wheel (1-1) to limit the tilling depth;

the straw cleaner (6) before shoveling cleans straws in fields, the deep soil is shoveled by deep scarification, a deep fertilizing mechanism applies fertilizers required by crops in different growth periods to different soil layers at the same time of deep soil loosening, a seedbed rotary cultivator (7) carries out rotary tillage to form a seeding zone and simultaneously returns the rest straws to the field directly, a shallow fertilizing pipe (3-2) applies the fertilizers required by the crops in the initial stage into the shallow soil layer after ditching by a ditching plow (3-3), a first seed sowing device (19) and a second seed sowing device (20) simultaneously convey seeds to a first sowing conveying pipe (3-5) and a second sowing conveying pipe (3-6), a first seed separating ridge (3-11) and a second seed separating ridge (3-12) prevent the seeds from sliding out of a sowing output pipe from the middle, the seeds are driven to slide out from the lower positions of two sides, and one-way input two-way output extended sowing is realized, the first seed sowing device (19) and the second seed sowing device (20) complete sowing under the driving of the transmission press wheel (26), and the transmission press wheel (26) is used for pressing after the sowing is completed, so that the sowing operation is completed.

2. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5) is provided with a deep fertilizer baffle (2-6);

the deep fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5) is a deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipe, the bottom of the deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipe is of a forward-inclined structure, a deep fertilizer guide plate (2-7) is arranged on the rear side wall of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5), and an acute included angle between the central axis of the deep fertilizer discharging inclined pipe and the horizontal plane is 45-70 degrees;

the fertilizer regulator comprises a regulating plate hinged piece (2-10) which is arranged on the inner wall of the rear side of the junction of the deep fertilizer conveying pipe (2-4) and the deep fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5) and is used for connecting a regulating plate (2-9), and a regulating rod limiting piece (2-11) which is arranged on the rear side wall of the deep fertilizer discharging pipe (2-5), wherein a regulating rod (2-12) which is used for regulating the opening degree of the regulating plate (2-9) is arranged on the regulating rod limiting piece (2-11).

3. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the deep fertilizer conveying pipe (2-4) is communicated with the deep fertilizer discharging device (14) through a deep fertilizer guide pipe (16).

4. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first seeding output pipe (3-9) is communicated with the bottom of the first seeding conveying pipe (3-5) through a first guide pipe (3-7), and the second seeding output pipe (3-10) is communicated with the bottom of the second seeding conveying pipe (3-6) through a second guide pipe (3-8);

the first sowing conveying pipe (3-5) is fixedly connected with the ditching assembly plate (3-1) through a conveying pipe connecting plate (3-4), and the second sowing conveying pipe (3-6) is welded with the first sowing conveying pipe (3-5) or is connected with the first sowing conveying pipe through a short plate;

a first seeding flow channel (3-13) is formed between the first seed separating ridge (3-11) and the left inner wall at the outlet side of the first seeding output pipe (3-9), a second seeding flow channel (3-14) is formed between the first seed separating ridge (3-11) and the right inner wall at the outlet side of the first seeding output pipe (3-9), a third seeding flow channel (3-15) is formed between the second seed separating ridge (3-12) and the left inner wall at the outlet side of the second seeding output pipe (3-10), and a fourth seeding flow channel (3-16) is formed between the second seed separating ridge (3-12) and the right inner wall at the outlet side of the second seeding output pipe (3-10);

the first sowing output pipe (3-9) and the second sowing output pipe (3-10) are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the furrow plough (3-3);

the ditching assembly plate (3-1) is provided with a vertical strip hole, and the conveying pipe connecting plate (3-4) is fixedly connected with the ditching assembly plate (3-1) through a locking bolt.

5. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shallow fertilizing pipe (3-2) is communicated with a shallow fertilizer discharger (15) through a shallow fertilizer conduit (17); the first seeding conveying pipe (3-5) is communicated with the first seed metering device (19) through a first seed metering connecting pipe (21), and the second seeding conveying pipe (3-6) is communicated with the second seed metering device (20) through a second seed metering connecting pipe (23).

6. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first seed sowing device (19) and the second seed sowing device (20) are arranged on a seed transmission shaft side by side, and an output shaft of the transmission press wheel (26) is in transmission connection with the seed transmission shaft.

7. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission shaft (1-3) arranged at one end of the ballast wheel shaft (1-2), an input shaft (1-8) connected with the transmission shaft (1-3) and an output shaft (1-11) connected with the input shaft (1-8) through a chain wheel transmission assembly, the input shaft (1-8) and the output shaft (1-11) are arranged on the fixed support (1-4) in a penetrating mode, the chain wheel transmission assembly is located inside the fixed support (1-4), and the axis of the input shaft (1-8), the axis of the output shaft (1-11) and the axis of the ballast wheel shaft (1-2) are parallel.

8. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the input shaft (1-8) is a hexagonal shaft, the input shaft (1-8) is sleeved with two shaft sleeves (1-9) and two sleeves (1-5), the shaft sleeves (1-9) are located inside the fixed support (1-4), the two sleeves (1-5) are respectively arranged on two sides of the shaft sleeves (1-9), the two sleeves (1-5) penetrate through the fixed support (1-4), one end of each sleeve (1-5) is fixedly provided with a sealing plate, and the centers of the sealing plates and the shaft sleeves (1-9) are respectively provided with a hexagonal hole matched with the hexagonal shaft;

the pressing wheel support comprises two connecting plates (1-6) which are arranged in parallel and are respectively arranged at two ends of a pressing wheel shaft (1-2) and connecting rods (1-7) which are horizontally arranged between the two connecting plates (1-6), one end of each connecting plate (1-6) is rotatably connected with the corresponding pressing wheel shaft (1-2), and the other end of each connecting plate (1-6) is rotatably connected with a sleeve (1-5);

the upper support comprises two side plates (1-15) which are arranged on the fixed support (1-4) in parallel and a limiting mounting block (1-16) which is rotatably arranged between the two side plates (1-15), and a guide rod penetrating hole is formed in the limiting mounting block (1-16);

the lower support and the limiting blocks (1-25) are both arranged on the connecting rods (1-7), the lower support comprises two lug plates (1-14) symmetrically arranged on the connecting rods (1-7), the bottom ends of the guide rods (1-17) are connected with the two lug plates (1-14) through hinge shafts, and the top ends of the guide rods (1-17) penetrate through the guide rod through holes;

the guide rod (1-17) is a threaded rod, a first limiting nut (1-20) and a second limiting nut (1-21) are respectively mounted at two ends of the threaded rod, the pressure spring (1-18) is sleeved on a rod section between the limiting mounting block (1-16) and the first limiting nut (1-20), and a damping spring (1-19) is sleeved on a rod section between the limiting mounting block (1-16) and the second limiting nut (1-21);

the chain wheel transmission assembly comprises driving chain wheels (1-10) arranged on the shaft sleeves (1-9) and driven chain wheels (1-12) arranged on the output shafts (1-11), and the driving chain wheels (1-10) are connected with the driven chain wheels (1-12) through chains (1-13);

the fixing support (1-4) is provided with a mounting plate (1-22) fixedly connected with the rack (4), and the fixing seat (1-23) is mounted on the mounting plate (1-22).

9. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the output shafts (1-11) are in transmission connection with the deep fertilizer transmission shaft (10) through the fertilizer discharging transmission shaft (27), the deep fertilizer transmission shaft (10) is in transmission connection with the shallow fertilizer transmission shaft (11) through the transmission gear set, the deep fertilizer discharging device (14) is installed on the deep fertilizer transmission shaft (10), and the shallow fertilizer discharging device (15) is installed on the shallow fertilizer transmission shaft (11).

10. The deep scarification fertilization broad-width precision seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tractor is characterized in that a suspension bracket (5) connected with the tractor body is arranged on the frame (4), and a pedal (22) for an operator to stand and a man ladder (12) hinged with the edge of the pedal (22) are arranged on the rear side of the frame (4).