RU163881U1 - FORMING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The formwork element, including the outer surface and the working surface, made in the form of a profile, and the profile is made in cross section in the form of an open trapezoid containing an upper small base-shelf and a lower larger base made with flanges, protrusions are made on the plane of the base-shelf and stiffening ribs, and longitudinal protrusion grooves are made in the protrusions and flanges, characterized in that the base-shelf is flat and makes up a single plane with the protrusions, along the axis of symmetry of the base-shelf plane an additional longitudinal stiffening groove is made, and stiffening ribs are made longitudinal and placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the base-shelf plane. 2. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional longitudinal stiffening groove is convex, and the longitudinal stiffening ribs are made concave relative to the plane of the base-shelf, and the depth of each of them is equal to at least two depths of the longitudinal stiffening grooves made in the protrusions and flanging. 3. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that on its lateral surfaces, the transverse stiffeners are made in increments of not more than 1/3 of the height of the formwork element.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, and can be used in the construction of residential, industrial and public buildings, including the construction of monolithic building structures: foundations, grillages, caissons, walls, columns, ceilings and coatings.

Known reinforced formwork shield fixed formwork according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 968259, class. E04G 9/06, 1982. Each shield of this formwork is made of several parts interconnected by flexible connections, which are used as shield reinforcement.

To erect reinforced concrete monolithic building structures, a formwork containing such a number of panels that is necessary for formwork of a certain section of the wall is lifted by a crane using double mounting loops and hung like a carpet on spatial fittings. The final fixing of the formwork is carried out using clamping bars and anchor bolts.

Using the proposed formwork allows you to reduce the complexity of formwork, significantly reduce the consumption of material for anchor products and increase labor productivity by 5-10%.

However, this design is laborious in the manufacture and installation, being made of reinforced concrete, requires a lot of time and lifting devices for installation.

Known quadrangular formwork shield for the construction of reinforced concrete structures according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 600275, class. E04G 9/06, 1978, made of two flat elements displaced relative to one another, which are mounted diagonally offset.

The formwork shield is made of a waterproof, frost-resistant material, mainly concrete, with the inner element displaced diagonally relative to the outer element with the formation of supporting horizontal and vertical quarters.

The use of such a shield ensures the integrity of the formwork, but increases labor costs during installation, requiring the use of lifting mechanisms, since the shield is made of concrete.

A known construction profile according to the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 66246, B21D 5/06, EB06 3/96, 2007 is made of sheet material in the form of an unfinished multi-sided trapezoid containing a small base and side walls, the lower edges of which are bent outward into the plane corresponding to the large base of the trapezoid. The bent edges of the side walls end with an edge bent in the direction of the small base, and the height of the bent edge is selected in the range from three to five nominal thicknesses of the sheet material, and the angle between the plane of the bent edge and the side wall of the trapezoid is equal to the angle between the side walls of the trapezoid and is selected within 30 -40 °. The length of the lower bent edges of the side walls of the trapezoid is from 0.5 to 0.8 the length of the large base of the trapezoid on one side of the trapezoid and from 0.8 to 0.95 the length of the large base of the trapezoid on the other side of the trapezoid. The height of the trapezoid profile is from 1.0 to 1.6 the length of the large base of the trapezoid. Holes are made in the shelves, making it possible to interconnect mating profiles by means of bolted connections. The construction profile is made of metal, or of composite material.

However, this building profile has insufficient rigidity, which further determines also insufficient rigidity of the structure assembled from these structural elements. The profile is limited in application, since it cannot be used as a formwork element. In configuration, it resembles an omega-shaped profile used for auxiliary structures: crate, ventilation ducts, facade finish, etc.

Known formwork element according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 147448, class. E04G 9/00, 2014, adopted by the applicant for the prototype and including the outer surface and work surface made in the form of a profile, the profile being made in cross section in the form of an open trapezoid containing an upper small base-shelf and a lower larger base made with flanges , protrusions and transverse stiffeners are made on the plane of the base-shelf, and profile stiffness grooves are made in the protrusions and flanges.

This formwork element, being a universal modular element, can improve the quality of monolithic structures being erected, reduce the complexity of formwork installation, reduce the material consumption of building structures during their construction, without reducing the load-bearing capacity of the structures being erected.

The technical task of the utility model is to change the design of the formwork element in order to increase the bearing capacity of large-span monolithic structures constructed with its use and increase the convenience of warehousing of finished products and transportation.

The stated technical problem is solved in that in the proposed solution, the base-shelf of the formwork element is made flat and makes up a single plane with protrusions, an additional longitudinal stiffness groove is made along the axis of symmetry of the base-shelf plane, and the transverse stiffeners are made longitudinal and are placed symmetrically with respect to the plane symmetry axis base-shelves.

In addition, the additional longitudinal stiffening groove is made convex, and the longitudinal stiffening ribs are made concave relative to the plane of the base-shelf, and the depth of each of them is equal to at least two depths of the longitudinal stiffening grooves made in the protrusions and flanges.

In addition, the transverse stiffeners are made in increments of not more than 1/3 of the height of the formwork element.

The technical result from the use of the proposed utility model is to increase the bearing capacity of the formwork element of a single, mainly large-span monolithic structure using this element, as well as in the convenience of warehousing of finished products and transportation.

In FIG. 1 shows a formwork element of a fixed formwork system;

in FIG. 2 is a transverse section of a sheet of fixed formwork of a building floor, assembled from formwork elements;

So far, for the construction of foundations, grillages, ceilings and coatings, walls, removable and fixed formwork made of reinforced concrete, reinforced cement and glass-cement slabs, fiber-reinforced concrete, expanded polystyrene have been used (see Guidelines for the construction of formwork and the production of formwork. - M. Stroyizdat, 1983 G., p. 153-171, Fig. 86, “a”).

However, such elements of fixed formwork have a sufficiently large mass and lifting mechanisms are required for their installation.

Industrial formwork systems are known, but they are not universal enough in application and are mainly used with hoisting mechanisms. (see. Anpilov S.M. Technology of the erection of buildings and structures from reinforced concrete. Textbook. - M .; Publishing House of the Association of Construction Higher Education Universities, pp. 36-258, pp. 151-159, Fig. 2.2.36-2.2.40 ISBN 978-5-93093-590-5)

The use of modular elements of fixed formwork allows the production of building structures with various planning solutions.

The manufacture of modular elements of fixed formwork does not require a significant material and technical base. The light weight of the elements makes it possible to install them without lifting mechanisms. Installation of ready-made modules allows you to reduce the time during installation of formwork and reduce the cost of work.

Declared formwork element having an outer and working surface. It is made universal, modular in the form of a profile. The outer 1 and working 2 surfaces of which on both sides are made qualitatively homogeneous, geometrically and functionally interchangeable, and the profile is made in cross section in the form of an open trapezoid and is intended for the manufacture of fixed universal modular formwork for erecting monolithic structures of foundations, grillages, caissons, walls, columns, floors and coatings of buildings.

The interchangeability of the surfaces of a universal modular formwork element determines the operational characteristics and geometric parameters.

Due to the interchangeability of surfaces, namely, the outer 1 surface can be a working 2 surface, if you turn the formwork element:

- simplifies the process of assembling formwork panels;

- The assembly process of formwork can be organized by the in-line method;

- creates opportunities for specialization and cooperation between enterprises;

- simplifies the operation of products.

The formwork element is made of galvanized or stainless steel by cold stamping or rolling. Universal modular formwork elements, assembled into a structure that constitutes a given formwork system for erecting the necessary monolithic building element, form assembled caisson formers 3 designed to accommodate, for example, working reinforcing frames 4, pipes, or other engineering equipment, and pour concrete .

The cross-sectional profile of a universal modular formwork element is an open trapezoid, the upper small base of which is a base-shelf 5, and the lower larger base is made open and consists of flanges 6. On the plane of the base-flange 5 there are protrusions 7. And in the protrusions 7 and flanges 6, longitudinal grooves of stiffness 8 are made to give additional rigidity to the formwork element and to simplify the fixation and joining of formwork elements when assembling the formwork system.

The base-shelf 5 is made flat and forms a uniform plane with the projections 7. Along the axis of symmetry of the plane of the base-shelf 5, an additional longitudinal stiffening groove 9 and longitudinal stiffening ribs 10 are made, which are placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the plane of the base-shelf 5. The additional longitudinal groove of stiffness 9 is made in the opposite direction from the longitudinal stiffness grooves 8 made in the protrusions 7 A longitudinal stiffeners 10 are made concave relative to the plane of the base-shelf 5, and the depth of each of them is equal to at least two depths of the longitudinal channel ca. 8 stiffness.

The height "N" of the universal modular element or the height of the open trapezoid is at least 1/30 of the span of the monolithic structure under construction. On the lateral surfaces of the formwork element, transverse stiffeners 11 are made. Moreover, they are convex or concave in the form of ridges, which give greater rigidity to the universal modular formwork element. The transverse ribs 11 are made with a step "a" of not more than 1/3 of the height "N" of the shuttering element.

Thus, the internal volume limited by the profile is a caisson former 3 for pouring concrete, in which a working reinforcing cage 4 and / or ropes 12 are placed.

To erect a monolithic building structure, for example, floors (Fig. 2), shuttering boards are made of universal modular shuttering elements, for which the flanges 6 of one element are laid into the flanges 6 of the other element, while the longitudinal stiffness grooves 8 also combine and form a volumetric rigid longitudinal an element that adds rigidity to the entire assembled formwork structure.

To create caissons 3 in the shuttering structure, the universal modular shuttering element is turned over and installed on the base-shelf 5, and flanges 6 of the adjacent shuttering elements are installed in the protrusions 7. Thus, formwork panels are obtained.

To obtain a monolithic structure, for example, overlap, reinforcing frames 4 and / or ropes 12 are placed in the caisson formers 3 on the spacers 13, and the reinforcing mesh 14. is also placed on the protrusions 7 through the spacers 13. After that, the monolithic structure is concreted. In this case, the inner surface of the caisson former 3 will be working, and for the formwork elements installed in the neighborhood, the inner surface will be external and the outer will be working, taking on reinforcing mesh 14 and a protective layer of concrete.

In FIG. 2 shows an enlarged fragment of the formwork assembly for erection, for example, flooring, where each element is connected to each other, for example, flanging 6 with flanging 6, or flanging 6 with protrusion 7, thereby emphasizing versatility and interchangeability as a geometric modular formwork element , because there is an ideal connection of the mating elements with basing along the longitudinal grooves 8 of rigidity, and functional, because the function of the element remains the same - to create a formwork o for the construction of the floor, namely, the volume for filling with concrete. This again confirms the modularity and universality of the declared formwork.

The interchangeability of the surfaces of the claimed universal modular formwork element determines the functional and geometric interchangeability of the surfaces of the same product.

Functional interchangeability - the property of products of one or different structural and technological design to perform functions in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technological documentation without refinement or adjustment.

The proposed formwork element has high quality indicators characterizing the ability to give products the functions they set - this applies to operational indicators.

Using the proposed technical solution allowed us to expand the technological capabilities of a fixed universal modular formwork system, improve the quality and load-bearing capacity of erected monolithic large-span structures, reduce the complexity and reduce the material consumption and cost of building structures during their construction.

In addition, the use of the formwork element of the proposed design significantly increases the efficiency of the building under construction, which is ensured by the application of calculation methods and manufacturing technology.

This became possible because at the stage of constructing the formwork element it was provided:

- interchangeability of surfaces not only in geometric parameters and mechanical properties of the material, but also in functional;

- the homogeneity of the feedstock, materials, blanks, the stability of their mechanical, chemical and physical properties, as well as the accuracy and constancy of their sizes and bulk shapes;

- Establishing links between operational indicators and functional parameters of the formwork element;

- minimal wear of the contacting parts when implementing optimal performance indicators;

- the manufacturability of the choice of control methods, which allows the use of simple and reliable means of measurement both at the manufacturing stage and at the stage of use;

- exact reliability of measuring instruments and uniformity of measurements.

At the same time, the accuracy of the formwork element in geometric parameters is determined by the following concepts:

- the accuracy of the dimensions of the constituent sections of the formwork element;

- the shape of the surfaces of the constituent sections;

- surface roughness;

- the relative position of the constituent sections of the formwork element.

Claims (3)

1. The formwork element, including the outer surface and the working surface, made in the form of a profile, and the profile is made in cross section in the form of an open trapezoid containing an upper small base-shelf and a lower larger base made with flanges, protrusions are made on the plane of the base-shelf and stiffening ribs, and longitudinal protrusion grooves are made in the protrusions and flanges, characterized in that the base-shelf is flat and makes up a single plane with the protrusions, along the axis of symmetry of the base-shelf plane an additional longitudinal stiffening groove is made, and stiffening ribs are made longitudinal and placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry of the base-shelf plane. 2. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional longitudinal stiffening groove is convex, and the longitudinal stiffening ribs are made concave relative to the plane of the base-shelf, and the depth of each of them is equal to at least two depths of the longitudinal stiffness grooves made in protrusions and flanges. 3. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that on its lateral surfaces the transverse stiffeners are made with a pitch of not more than 1/3 of the height of the formwork element.

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