RU147448U1 - FORMING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The formwork element, including the outer surface and the working surface, made in the form of a profile, the outer and working surfaces of which are made qualitatively homogeneous, and the profile is made in cross section in the form of an open trapezoid containing an upper small base-shelf and a lower, larger base made with flanges, characterized in that it is made universal modular, protrusions are made on the plane of the base-shelf, the width "" of the protrusion is equal to the smallest width "b" of the flanging, and the height of the protrusion "h" is not less than the magnitude of the protective layer of concrete reinforcing mesh being based on a shelf-side surfaces and an open trapezoid profile universal modular formwork element formed transverse stiffeners in the form of geometric volume figur.2. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that the height "H" of the universal modular formwork element or the height of the open trapezoid is at least 1/30 of the span of a monolithic structure. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffeners on the surface of the universal modular formwork element are convex and / or concave. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that longitudinal stiffening grooves are made in its protrusions and flanges to give additional rigidity to the universal modular formwork element. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal volume limited by the profile is a caisson former to accommodate the working reinforcing cage and concrete pouring.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, and can be used in the construction of residential, industrial and public buildings, including the construction of monolithic building structures: foundations, grillages, caissons, walls, columns, ceilings and coatings.

Known reinforced formwork shield fixed formwork according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 968259, class. E04G 9/06, 1982. Each shield of this formwork is made of several parts interconnected by flexible connections, which are used as shield reinforcement.

To erect reinforced concrete monolithic building structures, a formwork containing such a number of panels that is necessary for formwork of a certain section of the wall is lifted by a crane using double mounting loops and hung like a carpet on spatial fittings. The final fixing of the formwork is carried out using clamping bars and anchor bolts.

Using the proposed formwork allows you to reduce the complexity of formwork, significantly reduce the consumption of material for anchor products and increase labor productivity by 5-10%.

However, this design is laborious in the manufacture and installation, being made of reinforced concrete, requires a lot of time and lifting devices for installation.

Known quadrangular formwork shield for the construction of reinforced concrete structures according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 600275, class. E04G 9/06, 1978, made of two flat elements displaced relative to one another, which are mounted diagonally offset.

The formwork shield is made of a waterproof, frost-resistant material, mainly concrete, with the inner element displaced diagonally relative to the outer element with the formation of supporting horizontal and vertical quarters.

The use of such a shield ensures the integrity of the formwork, but increases labor costs during installation, requiring the use of lifting mechanisms, since the shield is made of concrete.

The known profile of the construction according to the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 66246, B21D 5/06, EV 3/96, 2007, adopted by the applicant for the prototype. It is made of sheet material in the form of an incomplete isosceles trapezoid containing a small base and side walls, the lower edges of which are bent outward in a plane corresponding to the large base of the trapezoid. The bent edges of the side walls end with an edge bent in the direction of the small base, and the height of the bent edge is selected in the range from three to five nominal thicknesses of the sheet material, and the angle between the plane of the bent edge and the side wall of the trapezoid is equal to the angle between the side walls of the trapezoid and is selected within 30 -40 °. The length of the lower bent edges of the side walls of the trapezoid is from 0.5 to 0.8 the length of the large base of the trapezoid on one side of the trapezoid and from 0.8 to 0.95 the length of the large base of the trapezoid on the other side of the trapezoid. The height of the trapezoid profile is from 1.0 to 1.6 the length of the large base of the trapezoid. Holes are made in the shelves, making it possible to interconnect mating profiles by means of bolted connections. The construction profile is made of metal, or of composite material.

However, this building profile has insufficient rigidity, which further determines also insufficient rigidity of the structure assembled from these structural elements. The profile is limited in application, since it cannot be used as a formwork element. In configuration, it resembles an omega-shaped profile used for auxiliary structures: crate, ventilation ducts, facade finish, etc.

The technical task of the utility model is to expand the technological capabilities of the non-removable universal modular formwork element as a self-supporting one, increase the quality and load-bearing capacity of erected monolithic structures, reduce the complexity of formwork installation, reduce the material consumption of building structures in the process of construction, the cost of finishing work and thereby significantly reduce the duration and cost of construction of facilities.

The stated technical problem is solved by the fact that in the proposed solution the formwork element is made universal, modular, protrusions are made on the plane of the base-shelf, the protrusion width " a " is equal to the smallest flange width "b", and the protrusion height "h" is not less than the size of the protective layer reinforcing mesh concrete, and on the base-shelf and lateral surfaces of the open trapezoid profile of the universal modular formwork element, transverse stiffeners are made in the form of volumetric geometric shapes.

In addition, the height "N" of the universal modular formwork element or the height of the open trapezoid is at least 1/30 of the span of a monolithic structure.

In addition, the stiffeners on the surface of the universal modular formwork element are made convex and / or concave.

In addition, to give additional rigidity to the universal modular formwork element, longitudinal grooves of rigidity are made in its protrusions and flanges.

In addition, the internal volume, limited by the profile, is a caisson former to accommodate the working reinforcing cage and pouring concrete.

The technical result from the use of the proposed utility model is to reduce the dead weight of a particular monolithic structure of the building and the building as a whole, increase the bearing capacity of a single monolithic structure, as well as expand the technological capabilities of using the universal modular formwork element and its derivatives, which are also used for erection monolithic foundations, grillages, caissons, walls, columns, ceilings and coatings of the building. In addition, the use of the proposed technical solution reduces the complexity of formwork, reinforcement and concrete work, reduces the consumption of materials and the cost of the building.

In FIG. 1 shows a universal modular formwork element of a fixed formwork system;

in FIG. 2 - universal modular formwork element with stiffeners on the surface of the element in the form of volumetric geometric shapes;

in FIG. 3 - universal modular formwork element with stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners on the protrusions and flanges;

in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed formwork ceiling of a building assembled from universal modular formwork elements;

in FIG. 5 - formwork elements, top view; options for configurations of stiffeners and their placement on the formwork element;

in FIG. 6 - formwork elements, side view (right, left); options for configurations of stiffeners and their placement on the formwork element;

in FIG. 7 depicts fragments of two versions of a monolithic wall constructed using a fixed wall formwork assembled from the claimed formwork element;

in FIG. 8 shows an enlarged fragment of the assembly of the formwork for erection, for example, flooring, which shows the connection of each element with each other;

in FIG. 9 - node I in FIG. 8;

in FIG. 10 - node II in FIG. 8.

So far, for the construction of foundations, grillages, ceilings and coatings, walls, removable and fixed formwork made of reinforced concrete, reinforced cement and glass-cement slabs, fiber concrete, expanded polystyrene (see the Guidelines for the construction of formwork and the production of formwork. - M. Stroyizdat, 1983 G., p. 153-171, Fig. 86, “a”).

However, such elements of fixed formwork have a sufficiently large mass and lifting mechanisms are required for their installation.

Industrial formwork systems are known, but they are not universal enough in application and are mainly used with hoisting mechanisms. (see. Anpilov S.M. Technology of the erection of buildings and structures from reinforced concrete. Textbook. - M .; Publishing House of the Association of Construction Higher Education Universities, pp. 36-258, pp. 151-159, Fig. 2.2.36-2.2.40 ISBN 978-5-93093-590-5)

The use of modular elements of fixed formwork allows the production of building structures with various planning solutions.

The manufacture of modular elements of fixed formwork does not require a significant material and technical base. The light weight of the elements makes it possible to install them without lifting mechanisms. Installation of ready-made modules allows you to reduce the time during installation of formwork and reduce the cost of work.

Declared formwork element having an outer and working surface. It is made universal, modular in the form of a profile. The outer 1 and working 2 surfaces of which on both sides are made qualitatively homogeneous, geometrically and functionally interchangeable, and the profile is made in cross section in the form of an open trapezoid and is intended for the manufacture of fixed universal modular formwork for erecting monolithic structures of foundations, grillages, caissons, walls, columns, floors and coatings of buildings.

The interchangeability of the surfaces of a universal modular formwork element determines the operational characteristics and geometric parameters.

Due to the interchangeability of surfaces, namely, the outer 1 surface can be a working 2 surface, if you turn the formwork element:

- simplifies the process of assembling formwork panels;

- The assembly process of formwork can be organized by the in-line method;

- creates opportunities for specialization and cooperation between enterprises;

- simplifies the operation of products.

The formwork element is made of galvanized or stainless steel by cold stamping or rolling. Universal modular formwork elements assembled in a structure constituting a predetermined formwork system for erecting the necessary monolithic building element form assembled caisson formers 3 designed to accommodate, for example, working reinforcing frames 4, pipes, or other engineering equipment, and pour concrete .

The cross-sectional profile of a universal modular formwork element is an open trapezoid, the upper small base of which is a base-shelf 5, and the lower larger base is made open and consists of flanges 6. On the plane of the base-shelf 5, protrusions are made 7. Moreover, the width “a” of the protrusion 7 is equal to the smallest width “b” of the flanging 6, and the height of the protrusion 7 “h” is equal to not less than the value of the protective layer of concrete of the reinforcing mesh 8, laid on the spacers 9 and universal modular formwork elements assembled I universal modular shuttering system. The height "N" of the universal modular element or the height of the open trapezoid is at least 1/30 of the span of the monolithic structure under construction. On the surface of the universal modular formwork element, namely, on the base-shelf 5 and the lateral surfaces of the open trapezoid of the element profile, transverse stiffeners 10 are made in the form of volumetric geometric figures, for example: a sphere, cone, cylinder, truncated cone, pyramid, etc. . Moreover, they are made convex or concave in the form of ridges, which give greater rigidity to the universal modular formwork element. And to give additional rigidity to the universal modular formwork element and the entire assembled formwork system, longitudinal grooves 11 are made in the protrusions 7 and flanges 6, which also simplifies the orientation and joining of the formwork elements when assembling the formwork system.

Thus, the internal volume limited by the profile is a caisson former 3 for pouring concrete, in which a working reinforcing cage 4 and / or ropes 12 are placed.

To erect a monolithic building structure, for example, floors (Figs. 4 and 8), shuttering boards are made of universal modular shuttering elements, for which the flanges 6 of one element are placed in the flanges 6 of the other element, while the longitudinal stiffness grooves 11 also combine and form a three-dimensional a rigid longitudinal element that adds rigidity to the entire assembled formwork structure.

To create caissons 3 in the shuttering structure, the universal modular shuttering element is turned over and installed on the base-shelf 5, and flanges 6 of the adjacent shuttering elements are installed in the protrusions 7. Thus, formwork panels are obtained.

To obtain a monolithic structure, for example, overlap, reinforcing frames 4 and / or ropes 12 are placed on the caisson formers 3 on the spacers 9, and the reinforcing mesh 8 is also placed on the protrusions 7 through the spacers 9. After that, the monolithic structure is concreted. In this case, the inner surface of the caisson former 3 will be working, and for the formwork elements installed in the neighborhood, the inner surface will be external and the outer will be working, taking on reinforcing mesh 8 and a protective layer of concrete.

In FIG. 8 shows an enlarged fragment of the formwork assembly for erection, for example, flooring, where each element is connected to each other, for example, flanging 6 with flanging 6, or flanging 6 with protrusion 7, also shown in FIG. 9 and 10 - node I and II in FIG. 8, thereby emphasizing the versatility and interchangeability of both the geometric modular formwork element, because the mating elements are perfectly connected to the base along the longitudinal grooves 11 of the stiffness, and the functional, because the function of the element remains the same - to create the formwork sheet for the construction of the overlap, and namely, the volume to fill with concrete. This again confirms the modularity and universality of the declared formwork

In FIG. 7 shows a fragment of a monolithic wall constructed using a fixed wall formwork assembled from the claimed formwork element.

A monolithic wall using a fixed formwork made by a team of a formwork element is constructed as follows.

First, vertical diaphragms 13 are mounted on the base and fixed to the base in the design position. Then, the outer formwork panel 14 and the internal formwork panel 15 are attached to them alternately. Moreover, the external and internal formwork panels 14 and 15 are assembled symmetrical with respect to each other, for which purpose the universal modular elements are placed towards each other with small base-shelves 5, and with large bases - out.

But it is possible that with small base-shelves 5 universal modular elements are installed outward, and large bases inward. In this case, the pairing of elements is carried out in the same manner as in the first embodiment, namely, flanging 6 with longitudinal grooves of rigidity 11 are combined with each other. In this case, formwork is obtained for a more powerful load-bearing wall. And the connection of universal modular elements emphasizes their versatility and modularity, regardless of the relative placement of elements in the assembled formwork.

The interchangeability of the surfaces of the claimed universal modular formwork element determines the functional and geometric interchangeability of the surfaces of the same product.

Functional interchangeability - the property of products of one or different structural and technological design to perform functions in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technological documentation without refinement or adjustment.

The proposed formwork element has high quality indicators characterizing the ability to give products the functions they set - this applies to operational indicators.

Using the proposed technical solution allowed us to expand the technological capabilities of a fixed universal modular formwork system, improve the quality and load-bearing capacity of erected monolithic structures, reduce labor intensity and reduce the material consumption and cost of building structures in the process of their construction.

In addition, the use of the formwork element of the proposed design significantly increases the efficiency of the building under construction, which is ensured by the application of calculation methods and manufacturing technology.

This became possible because at the stage of constructing the formwork element it was provided:

- interchangeability of surfaces not only in geometric parameters and mechanical properties of the material, but also in functional;

- the homogeneity of the feedstock, materials, blanks, the stability of their mechanical, chemical and physical properties, as well as the accuracy and constancy of their sizes and bulk shapes;

- Establishing links between operational indicators and functional parameters of the formwork element;

- minimal wear of the contacting parts when implementing optimal performance indicators;

- the manufacturability of the choice of control methods, which allows the use of simple and reliable means of measurement both at the manufacturing stage and at the stage of use;

- exact reliability of measuring instruments and uniformity of measurements.

At the same time, the accuracy of the formwork element in geometric parameters is determined by the following concepts:

- the accuracy of the dimensions of the constituent sections of the formwork element;

- the shape of the surfaces of the constituent sections;

- surface roughness;

- the relative position of the constituent sections of the formwork element.

Claims (5)

1. The formwork element, including the outer surface and the working surface, made in the form of a profile, the outer and working surfaces of which are made qualitatively homogeneous, and the profile is made in cross section in the form of an open trapezoid containing an upper small base-shelf and a lower, larger base made with flange returns, characterized in that it is made universal modular base for shelves protrusions plane, the width "a" of the protrusion is equal to the smallest width «b» flanging and «h» protrusion height is not less its magnitude protective layer of concrete reinforcing mesh, wherein, based on a shelf and side surfaces of an open trapezoid profile universal modular formwork element formed transverse stiffeners in the form of volumetric geometrical figures. 2. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that the height "H" of the universal modular formwork element or the height of the open trapezoid is at least 1/30 of the span of a monolithic structure. 3. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffeners on the surface of the universal modular formwork element are convex and / or concave. 4. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that longitudinal stiffening grooves are made in its protrusions and flanges to give additional rigidity to the universal modular formwork element. 5. The formwork element according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal volume limited by the profile is a caisson former to accommodate the working reinforcing cage and pouring concrete.

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