RU125995U1 - TECHNOLOGICAL LINE FOR OBTAINING VARIOUS FORMS OF BIO FERTILIZER FROM BIRD LITTER - Google Patents

Abstract

A technological line for producing various forms of bird manure biofertilizer, including a litter preparation unit, a bioreactor, a feed line to the bioreactor of feedstock and a fermenting additive in the form of an association of active microorganisms, a loading conveyor mixer, a fermenting additive dispenser for dosed feeding to a loading conveyor mixer providing loading of the mixture into the bioreactor, a line for withdrawing fractions from the bioreactor, a fine fraction supply line, a packaging line for the finished product, characterized in that the litter preparation unit contains a hopper-feeder and a chopper and has the ability to supply large feedstock to the chopper, return the chopped feed to the hopper and feed the chopped feed from the hopper to the feed conveyor-mixer, and installed on the feed line of large fractions from the bioreactor conveyor of large fractions of double action connected to the unloading system to the consumer in a loose form and to the double-acting vibrating screen connected to the unloading system to the consumer product in a packaged container and a fine fraction supply line, on which a double-action fine fraction conveyor is installed, connected to the packaging line of the finished product and to a dryer coupled to the organic-mineral fertilizer preparation line containing a dispenser of mineral, micro- and macro-additives of nutrients, a fraction mixer with additives and a granulator connected to the packaging line of the finished product, while the packaging line of the finished product is connected to the fertilizer warehouse on which the granules are placed

Description

The utility model relates to the technological process for the production of bio-fertilizer from bird droppings of low humidity, in particular chicken, and the production of various forms of environmentally friendly bio-fertilizer in the form of a finished product in one line.

A known method of microbiological processing of bird droppings, carried out for 15 days using microbial cultures of Pseudomonas sp. And Azotobacter chroococcum, diluted in water in certain ratios and introduced into bird droppings with subsequent stirring, RU No. 2437864 C1, C05F3 / 00, C05F11 / 08 12/27/2011.

A known method of biological processing of bird droppings, including sequentially layering layering of litter and moisture-absorbing organic material, introducing the association of active microorganisms in liquid form in the form of a suspension, mixing the mixture, carrying out biological heating and aerobic fermentation of the mixture, RU No. 2445295 C1, C05F3 / 00, C05F11 / 03/08/2012.

A known production line for processing poultry manure, including a feed hopper of the feedstock, a conveyor for feedstock, a conveyor for dry material, a granulation section and a packaging section, RU No. 84373 U1, C05F3 / 06, 10.07.2009.

A known line for producing granulated fertilizer from poultry manure, including a feed system for manure for conveyors, a hopper for mineral additives, equipped with a dispenser, a fermenter, a chopper, a granulator and a filling machine, RU No. 21116714C1, C05F3 / 06, 08/10/1998.

A known method of biological processing of bird droppings using strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus, RU No. 2322427 C1, C05F11 / 08.C12N1 / 20, 20.04.2008.

Known bioorganic fertilizer containing processed microbiological fermentation of bird droppings with trace elements, including copper, cobalt and zinc, as well as trace elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in bound form, RU No. 2248955 C2, C05F3 / 00, 03/27/2005.

Known biofertilizers, production lines and methods for producing biofertilizers are individual and do not provide for obtaining various forms of the finished product, including those with specified agrochemical properties as part of one technological line.

It is known to obtain biological fertilizers in the processing of animal waste and their widespread use in agriculture,

“Scientific basis and practical recommendations on the use of biological fertilizers from animal waste for biological farming” (Ed. Arkhipchenko IA), Recommendations of the GNU VNIISKH of Microbiology, St. Petersburg, 2005, 44 pp.

A known production line for the production of bio-fertilizer based on poultry manure, including a unit for preparing litter, a bioreactor, a feed line to the bioreactor of feedstock and a fermenting additive in the form of an association of active microorganisms, a loading conveyor mixer, a dispenser of a fermenting additive for dosed feeding it onto a loading conveyor mixer, providing loading of the mixture into the bioreactor, the feed line of fractions from the bioreactor, the feed line of the fine fraction, the packaging line of the finished product, RU No. 88665 U1, C05F3 / 06, C05F11 / 08, 20 .11.2009.

This technical solution was adopted as the closest analogue of this utility model.

In the closest analogue, in the feed preparation unit, poultry manure is sieved and mixed with other organic additives and fed to a loading conveyor mixer for mixing with a fermented dosed additive and aerobic fermentation in a bioreactor, then the fermentation product is fed to a separator for separation. The dehydrated product is fed to the crusher for crushing.

From the crusher, the coarse fraction enters the tank, from which it is again sent to the crusher or, if necessary (depending on the fermenting qualities), the coarse fraction is sent to the loading conveyor-mixer, and then to the bioreactor for additional fermentation.

The absence in the preparation unit of the feedstock in the closest analogue of the intermediate grinding operation reduces the quality of its preparation for fermentation, does not provide a uniform particle size distribution of the feedstock entering the bioreactor and slows down the biofermentation process.

The placement of the crusher after the biofermentation stage in the closest analogue and the complexity of organizing and controlling the flows of fine and coarse fractions after crushing (in view of the frequency of loading the bioreactor) does not meet the requirements of rationality of technological operations.

In the closest analogue, there is one line for obtaining the finished product and there is no possibility of producing a wide range of biological fertilizers, including those with specified agrochemical properties.

The present utility model is based on the solution of a problem that makes it possible to improve operational qualities and systematize the sequence of technological operations, expand their functionality and provide the ability to obtain biofertilizers with desired agrochemical properties.

The technical result of this utility model is to perform in the preparation unit of the litter of the hopper-feeder and grinder, in a sequential installation of a feed line for fractions from a bioreactor with a conveyor for coarse fractions, a vibrating screen, a feed line for a fine fraction with a conveyor for fine fractions, a line for preparing organic fertilizer and a packaging line product, in the implementation of each of the conveyors of large and small fractions and double-acting vibrating screens, in the presence of unloading systems for the finished product to the consumer and in loose form and packed in a container and in the presence of a warehouse in which granular taken organomineral fertilizer obtained with desired properties agrochemical, fertilizer and packaged, arrived from the conveyor fines.

According to a utility model, this problem is solved due to the fact that the production line for obtaining various forms of bio-fertilizer from poultry manure includes a litter preparation unit, a bioreactor, a feed line to the bioreactor of feedstock and a fermenting additive in the form of an association of active microorganisms, a loading conveyor mixer, a fermenting batcher additives for dosed feeding it to a loading conveyor-mixer, which provides loading of the mixture into the bioreactor, a feed line for fractions from the bioreactor, a feed line for fine fractions tion, packaging line of the finished product.

The litter preparation unit contains a hopper-feeder and a chopper and has the ability to supply large feedstock to the chopper, return the chopped feed to the hopper-feeder and feed chopped feed from the hopper-feeder to the loading conveyor mixer.

A conveyor of large double-acting fractions is connected to the fractions discharge line from the bioreactor, connected to the consumer product unloading system in loose form and to a double-acting vibrating screen, connected to the finished product unloading system in packed containers to the consumer and a fine feed line, on which the small conveyor is installed fractions of double action, connected to the packaging line of the finished product and to the dryer, paired with the preparation line of organic fertilizer containing a dose of mineral, micro- and macro-additives of nutrients, a mixer of fractions with additives and a granulator connected to the packaging line of the finished product.

The finished product packaging line is connected to the fertilizer warehouse, on which granular organic-mineral fertilizer and packaged fertilizer received from the fines conveyor are placed.

The applicants did not identify sources containing information about the technical solution that is identical to the characteristics given in the formula of this utility model, this determines, according to the applicants, the utility model meets the criterion of “novelty”.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the production line.

The processing line contains:

Litter preparation unit - 1,

hopper feeder (block 1) - 2,

chopper (block 1) - 3.

Bioreactor - 4.

The feed line into the bioreactor of the feedstock and fermenting additives - 5,

fermenting agent dispenser (on line 5) -6,

loading conveyor - mixer (on line 5) -7.

The line of removal of fractions from the bioreactor - 8,

a conveyor of large fractions of double action (on line 8) -9,

bulk product unloading system to the consumer -10.

The feed line of small fractions - 11,

conveyor of fine fractions of double action (on line 11) -12.

Double-acting vibrating screen (between lines 8 and 11) -13,

a system for unloading a finished product to a consumer in packaged containers 14.

The line of preparation of organic fertilizer-15,

dispenser of mineral, micro- and macro-nutritional supplements (lines 15) -16,

fractions mixer with additives (lines 15) -17,

granulator (lines 15) -18.

Dryer (for line 15) -19.

Line of packaging of the finished product-20.

Fertilizer warehouse-21.

The production line for the production of various forms of bird fertilizer bio-fertilizer includes a litter preparation unit 1, a bioreactor 4, a feed line 5 to a bioreactor 4 of feedstock and a fermentation additive, a coarse fractions removal line 8 from the bioreactor 4, a fine fractions supply line 11, a vibrating screen 13, a line preparation of organic fertilizer 15,

dryer 19, packaging line for finished product 20, systems 10 and 14

unloading to the consumer the finished product in bulk and in packaged containers, respectively, and the fertilizer warehouse 21.

The feed line 5 into the bioreactor 4 of the feedstock and the fermenting additive in the form of an association of active microorganisms contains a loading conveyor - mixer 7, a dispenser of the fermenting additive 6 for dosed feeding it to the loading conveyor - mixer 7, which provides loading of the mixture into the bioreactor 4.

The association of active microorganisms of the fermenting additive contains native microorganisms Clavibacter michiganese, Bacillus amylognefaciens, Micrococcus varians.

The litter preparation unit 1 contains a hopper-feeder 2 and a chopper 3 and has the ability to supply large feedstock to the chopper 3, return the crushed raw materials to the hopper-feeder 2 and feed the crushed raw materials from the hopper-feeder 2 to the loading conveyor-mixer 7.

A conveyor of coarse fractions 9 of double action is installed on the line for withdrawing fractions 8 from the bioreactor 4.

On the feed line of fine fractions 11, a conveyor of fine fractions 12 of double action is installed.

Vibrating screen 13 double action is located between lines 8 and 11.

The organic-mineral fertilizer preparation line 15 contains a dispenser of mineral, micro- and macro-additives of nutrients 16, a fraction mixer with additives 17 and a granulator 18 connected to the packaging line of the finished product 20.

The dryer 19 is associated with a line for the preparation of organic fertilizer 15.

The conveyor of coarse fractions 9 is connected to the unloading system to the consumer of the finished product in bulk form 10 and with a vibrating screen 13.

Vibrating screen 13 is connected to the system of unloading to the consumer the finished product in a packaged container 14 and a supply line of fine fractions 11.

The conveyor 12 of the feed line of fine fractions 11 is connected to the packaging line of the finished product 20 and with the dryer 19.

The packaging line of the finished product 20 is connected to the fertilizer warehouse 21.

At the fertilizer warehouse 21 there is a granular organomineral fertilizer obtained with predetermined agrochemical properties, and packaged fertilizer received from the fine fraction conveyor 12.

Obtaining various forms of biofertilizer is as follows.

Chicken manure is quarantined for at least 6 days.

The content of viable weed seeds, helminth eggs, pathogens and phytopathogens is determined.

The work of the processing line begins with the supply of feedstock (chicken manure) and, if necessary, other organic additives (peat, straw, sawdust) in the hopper feeder 2, equipped with a sieving device (not shown).

As a hopper-feeder 2 use a modernized spreader of organic fertilizers PRT-10 with the installation of a vibrating screen over it (not shown). The fine fractions passing through the vibrating screen with the help of conveyors located on the bottom (not shown) of the hopper-feeder 2 are fed into the loading conveyor-mixer 7. At the same time, a fermenting additive is introduced into the loading conveyor-mixer 7 through the feed line 5, the introduction of which is metered with dispenser 6.

Loading conveyor-mixer 7 provides simultaneous mixing and movement of the feedstock and fermenting additives before being fed to the bioreactor 4.

Large inclusions that came off the vibrating screen (not shown) installed on the hopper - feeder 2, sent to the grinder 3.

As a grinder 3, fine-grained IMDK-500 or a Morbark Cyclone 8 PTO grinder, or an Iveta grinder, are used.

After grinding the mass in the grinder 3, the mixture again enters the hopper-feeder 2.

Aerobic fermentation is carried out in the bioreactor 4, then the fermentation product is fed to the coarse fractions conveyor 9, which has two discharge zones. Unloading is carried out through the unloading system 10 to the consumer of the finished product, receiving the product in bulk form. In the finished product, shipped in loose form, the presence of fertilizer lumps up to 5 cm in size is allowed. In the case of packaging, as well as for the preparation of fertilizers with specified agrochemical properties, unloading is carried out on a vibrating screen 13.

Large fractions after the vibrating screen 13 are sent to the consumer. Unloading is carried out through the unloading system 14 to the consumer of the finished product receiving the product in packaged containers.

The fine fractions after the vibrating screen 13 are sent to the feed line of the fine fractions 11, the conveyor 12, which has two discharge zones. Unloading is performed on the packaging line of the finished product 20 - in the case of feeding fertilizers to packaging and subsequent storage in the warehouse of fertilizers 21. In addition, the unloading is performed on the dryer 19 and then on the preparation line of organic fertilizer 15 for preparing fertilizers with desired agrochemical properties.

From the dryer 19, the fine fraction enters the mixer 17, into which mineral, micro- and macro-additives of plant nutrients are introduced through the dispenser 16.

By selecting various ratios of additives in the dispenser 16 receive fertilizer with desired properties, that is, fertilizer with the composition of nutrients selected for any particular plant culture.

Fractions with additives from the mixer 17 enter the granulator 18 to obtain granular organic fertilizer. By changing the matrices in the granulator 18, fertilizers of different sizes from 4 to 12 mm are obtained.

From granulator 18, granular organic fertilizer is fed to the packaging line of the finished product 20 with subsequent storage in the warehouse of fertilizers 21.

Studies have been conducted on the effect of biofertilizer on crop yields.

During the research period, field trials of the use of biofertilizers for a number of crops were carried out. We studied the influence of the form of biofertilizer (powdered and granular), the amount of fertilizer applied and methods of application.

Field experiments with vegetables (beets, carrots, onions, zucchini, kohlrabi) and cereals (barley) crops were carried out on the GNU experimental field

VNIISKHM on sod-podzolic cultivated soil of light texture.

At the first stage, the effect of biofertilizer in powder form on the crop was studied (table 1).

The experimental batch of powdered biofertilizer had a moisture content of 35% -45%.

From table 1 it can be seen that the effectiveness of biofertilizer in powder form depended on the culture. The best indicators are potatoes, zucchini, kohlrabi and herbs. Less increase in barley, beets, carrots.

One of the ways to improve the properties and increase the effectiveness of powdered biofertilizer is granulation. At the same time, the moisture content of the fertilizer is reduced, therefore, the shelf life is increased, the amount of biofertilizer applied is reduced, the application to the soil is facilitated, and it is possible to modify the fertilizer to suit the requirements of the crops. This fertilizer allows you to balance nutrition, improve soil, create favorable conditions for plants, activate soil microflora and ensure prolonged action.

At the second stage, the effect of biofertilizer in granular form on the carrot yield was studied (table 2).

The experimental batches of granular biofertilizers had a moisture content of 5.2-14.0% with a granule size of 6 to 10 mm in diameter.

From table 2 it can be seen that the effect of granulation also depended on the diameter of the granules, so the increase in carrot yield for biofertilizer without mineral fertilizers was 20.6% with a diameter of granules of 6 mm, and 28.5% with a diameter of 10 mm. This tendency - an increase in efficiency with an increase in the diameter of the granules, continued with the introduction of mineral fertilizers. An exception was the introduction of an additive to biofertilizer 20% NPK, when small granules (⌀6 mm) were more effective than large ones (10 mm).

The presence in the preparation unit of litter 1 of the hopper-feeder 2 avoids grinding the entire volume of incoming raw materials, which significantly reduces energy costs at the initial stage of operation.

The presence in the preparation unit of litter 1 grinder 3 allows to achieve a more uniform particle size distribution of the feedstock entering the bioreactor 4, which accelerates the fermentation process by 10-15% and improves the operational quality of technological operations.

Fermentation of the litter in the bioreactor 4 in the presence of a fermenting additive allows you to get an environmentally friendly product with high fertilizing qualities.

The use of a fermenting additive in the form of an association of active microorganisms improves fermentation.

The execution of the line for the removal of large fractions 8 from the bioreactor 4, the vibrating screen 13, the supply line of small fractions 11 and the preparation line for organic fertilizer 15 allows you to systematize the sequence of technological operations.

The presence of a system for unloading a finished product to a consumer in bulk form 10, a system for unloading a finished product to a consumer in a packaged container 14, a line for packaging the finished product 20 with the ability to interact with the feed line of fine fractions 11 and with the line for preparing organic fertilizer 15 and store in powder fertilizer 21 and granular biofertilizer allows you to expand the functionality of technological operations.

The implementation of the preparation line of organic fertilizer 15 with a dispenser of mineral, micro- and macro-additives of nutrients 16, a fraction mixer with additives 17 and a granulator 18 provides the possibility of obtaining biological fertilizers with desired agrochemical properties.

The proposed production line includes equipment and devices widely used in agricultural engineering, and the experimental work on obtaining various forms of the finished product and research on the effect of biofertilizer on crop yield, conducted on the experimental field of GNU VNIISKHM, determine, according to the applicants, its compliance with the criterion " industrial applicability. "

Table 1. - The increase in crop yield when applying biofertilizer in powder form (% of control)

Culture Powdered Biofertilizer 2 t / ha (60 kg
N / ha) 4 t / ha (90-100 kg N / ha) 6 t / ha (170 kg N / ha) Beet - 32.8 40.5 Onion (onion) 24.5 34.5 - Carrot fifteen 3.7-38.6 68.6 Potatoes - 69 155 Zucchini 32,3 78,4 - Kohlrabi 40-52 12-74.4 - Barley - 5 17.5 Ryegrass - 45-57.2 143

Table 2 - The effect of granule size and the amount of mineral fertilizers on the effectiveness of granular biofertilizer

Option granular. biofertilizers Pellet diameter 6 mm Pellet diameter 8 mm Pellet diameter 10 mm Harvest carrots kg / m ² % * kg / m ² % * kg / m ² % * Without
fertilizer 3.68 ± 0.17 120.6 3.80 ± 0.36 124.6 3.92 ± 1.54 128.5 + 5% NPK 3.25 ± 0.21 101.8 3.66 ± 0.70 110.6 3.78 ± 1.66 114.2 + 10% NPK 3.47 ± 0.71 96.7 3.55 ± 1.24 98.9 3.89 = 1.16 108,4 + 15% NPK 3.33 ± 0.27 98.8 3.63 ± 1.90 107.7 3.45 ± 0.71 102,4 + 20% NPK 3.89 ± 0.61 127.5 3.52 ± 1.60 115.4 3.08 ± 0.30 101.0

* - in% to powdered bio-fertilizer;

± confidence interval at 0.05 significance level

Claims (1)

A technological line for producing various forms of bird manure biofertilizer, including a litter preparation unit, a bioreactor, a feed line to the bioreactor of feedstock and a fermenting additive in the form of an association of active microorganisms, a loading conveyor mixer, a fermenting additive dispenser for dosed feeding to a loading conveyor mixer providing loading of the mixture into the bioreactor, a line for withdrawing fractions from the bioreactor, a fine fraction supply line, a packaging line for the finished product, characterized in that the litter preparation unit contains a hopper-feeder and a chopper and has the ability to supply large feedstock to the chopper, return the chopped feed to the hopper and feed the chopped feed from the hopper to the feed conveyor-mixer, and installed on the feed line of large fractions from the bioreactor conveyor of large fractions of double action connected to the unloading system to the consumer in a loose form and to the double-acting vibrating screen connected to the unloading system to the consumer product in a packaged container and a fine fraction supply line, on which a double-action fine fraction conveyor is installed, connected to the packaging line of the finished product and to a dryer coupled to the organic-mineral fertilizer preparation line containing a dispenser of mineral, micro- and macro-additives of nutrients, a fraction mixer with additives and a granulator connected to the packaging line of the finished product, while the packaging line of the finished product is connected to the fertilizer warehouse on which the granules are placed anced organomineral fertilizer obtained with desired properties agrochemical, fertilizer and packaged, arrived from the conveyor fines.

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