PT1164986E - Sistema de fecho assistido por vácuo com fornecimento de aquecimento e arrefecimento - Google Patents
Sistema de fecho assistido por vácuo com fornecimento de aquecimento e arrefecimento Download PDFInfo
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- PT1164986E PT1164986E PT00921602T PT00921602T PT1164986E PT 1164986 E PT1164986 E PT 1164986E PT 00921602 T PT00921602 T PT 00921602T PT 00921602 T PT00921602 T PT 00921602T PT 1164986 E PT1164986 E PT 1164986E
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- heating
- wound
- cooling
- pad
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Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
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- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
Description
ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT
DESCRIÇÃO "Sistema de fecho assistido por vácuo com fornecimento de aquecimento e arrefecimento"
CAMPO TÉCNICO 0 presente invento refere-se à cura de feridas. Mais especificamente, o presente invento refere-se ao fecho das feridas assistido por vácuo, em que é utilizado aquecimento ou arrefecimento localizado para acelerar ou retardar a função metabólica do sistema inflamatório, a fim de facilitar a cura de feridas.
TÉCNICA ANTERIOR 0 fecho de feridas envolve a migração para dentro de tecido epitelial e subcutâneo adjacente à ferida. Esta migração é normalmente ajudada através do processo inflamatório, pelo que o fluxo sanguíneo é aumentado e são activados vários tipos de células funcionais. Através do processo inflamatório, é parado o fluxo sanguíneo através dos vasos danificados ou que sofreram rotura por oclusão ao nível capilar, após o que podem começar as operações de limpeza e reconstrução. Infelizmente, este processo é atrasado quando uma ferida é grande ou fica infectada. Em tais feridas, forma-se uma zona de estase (isto é uma zona, na qual o inchaço localizado do tecido restringe o fluxo de sangue para os tecidos) perto da superfície da ferida.
Sem fluxo de sangue suficiente, os tecidos subcutâneos e epiteliais que circundam a ferida não apenas recebem menos oxigénio e nutrientes, mas também são menos capazes de combater com sucesso a infecção bacteriana e, assim, são menos capazes de fechar a ferida naturalmente. Até recentemente, tais feridas difíceis eram tratadas apenas através da utilização de suturas ou agrafos. Embora ainda muito praticado e muitas vezes eficaz, tais técnicas mecânicas de fecho têm a uma grande desvantagem de produzirem tensão no tecido da pele adjacente à ferida. Em particular, a força de tracção necessária para executar o fecho utilizando suturas ou com agrafos provoca elevados esforços localizados 2
ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT no ponto de inserção da sutura ou agrafe. Estes esforços resultam normalmente na ruptura do tecido nos pontos de inserção, o que pode eventualmente provocar deiscência da ferida e perda adicional de tecido.
Além disso, algumas feridas endurecem e inflamam com um tal grau devido à infecção, que o fecho com agrafos ou sutura não é possível. As feridas que não podem ser tratadas por sutura ou com agrafos requerem, em geral, hospitalização prolongada com os seus inerentes custos elevados e grandes procedimentos cirúrgicos, tais como enxertos de tecidos circundantes. Exemplos de feridas que não podem ser logo tratadas com agrafes ou sutura incluem grandes feridas profundas e abertas; úlcera de decúbito, úlceras resultantes de osteomielite crónica; e queimaduras de espessura parcial, que evoluem subsequentemente para queimaduras de espessura total.
Como um resultado destas e outras desvantagens dos dispositivos de fecho mecânico, foram desenvolvidos métodos e aparelhos para drenagem das feridas por aplicação de pressões negativas contínuas. Determinou-se que quando aplicada sobre uma área suficiente da ferida, tais pressões negativas promovem a migração no sentido da ferida dos tecidos subcutâneos e epiteliais. Em US 5,645,081 é descrito um tal aparelho de acordo com o preâmbulo da reivindicação 1. Na prática, a aplicação de pressão negativa a uma ferida, normalmente referido como terapia de fecho assistido por vácuo® (V.A.C.®), envolve tipicamente a contracção do tipo mecânico da ferida com a remoção simultânea do fluido em excesso. Desta maneira a terapia (V.A.C. ®) aumenta o processo inflamatório natural do corpo ao mesmo tempo que alivia muitos dos efeitos secundários intrínsecos conhecidos, tal como a produção de edema provocado por maior fluxo sanguíneo, por não estar presente a estrutura vascular necessária para adequado retorno venoso.
Embora a terapia (V.A.C.®) tenha sido muito bem sucedida na promoção do fecho de feridas, a cura de muitas feridas que anteriormente se pensava não poderem ser tratadas, permanece com algumas dificuldades. Devido ao processo inflamatório ser muito específico para o paciente individual, mesmo a adição 3
ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT da terapia (V.A.C.®) não resulta numa resposta suficientemente rápida para o fecho de algumas feridas, especialmente quando aplicada durante as fases de oclusão e limpeza inicial e de reconstrução. Por conseguinte, é um objecto principal do presente invento proporcionar um método e aparelho por meio do qual as modalidades conhecidas da terapia (V.A.C. ®) são aperfeiçoadas através da aceleração controlada da resposta inflamatória.
Além disso, e novamente podendo ser atribuído, pelo menos parcialmente, à variabilidade entre os pacientes, é possível que uma resposta inflamatória adequadamente iniciada possa ser levada demasiado longe, resultando em edema e dor. É, por conseguinte, um outro objecto principal do presente invento proporcionar um método e um aparelho por meio dos quais as modalidades conhecidas da terapia (V.A.C.®) são aperfeiçoadas através de retardo controlado da resposta inflamatória.
DESCRIÇÃO DO INVENTO
De acordo com os objectos anteriores, o presente invento - um aparelho para a aceleração e/ou retardo controlados da resposta inflamatória do corpo - compreende, em geral, uma almofada de espuma substancialmente para inserção no local de uma ferida, uma almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento para aplicação sobre o local da ferida e uma cobertura de ferida para fecho de vedação da almofada de espuma e da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento no local da ferida. De acordo com o invento, a almofada de espuma é colocada em comunicação de fluidos com uma fonte de vácuo para promover a drenagem de fluidos, enquanto o fluido quente ou frio é feito circular através da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento para a aceleração, ou retardo, controlada, respectivamente, da porção de função metabólica da resposta inflamatória do corpo.
De acordo com a concretização preferida do presente invento, é adicionado um fornecimento de aquecimento e arrefecimento à terapia de pressão negativa anteriormente conhecida, para controlar a função metabólica local como parte da resposta inflamatória. Ao proporcionar o aquecimento 4 ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT localizado em combinação com a terapia de pressão negativa caso contrário comum, a resposta inflamatória geral pode ser acelerada de modo sinérgico para produzir rápida oclusão capilar e iniciação antecipada das fases de limpeza e reconstrução. Do mesmo modo, no caso do clinico de serviço determinar que a resposta inflamatória foi excessivamente activada, pode ser proporcionado o arrefecimento localizado em combinação com a terapia de pressão negativa para retardar a resposta inflamatória do corpo sem sacrifício do controlo do edema e outros aspectos da terapia de pressão negativa caso contrário proporcionada.
Na concretização preferida do presente invento, a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento compreende uma camada de água flexível e respirável, que compreende, em geral, duas folhas material soldável por RF. As duas folhas da almofada são soldadas por RF entre si com um padrão tipo "waffle", em que uma pluralidade de aberturas é formada entre uma pluralidade de canais. As aberturas permitem a transpiração da humidade proveniente da pele do paciente enquanto os canais permitem a circulação, via um tubo de abastecimento e um tubo de drenagem, de água quente ou fria, como requerido, através da almofada para aquecimento ou arrefecimento da mesma.
Embora a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento possa ser colocada por dentro ou por fora da cobertura de ferida, durante um método de aquecimento, é crítico que a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento seja colocada por dentro da cobertura de ferida durante um método de arrefecimento. Desta maneira, pode ser minimizada a formação de condensados no interior da cobertura, o que pode provocar o enfraquecimento do adesivo da cobertura e por último resultar na perda de vácuo no local da ferida. Em particular, a colocação da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento por dentro da cobertura de ferida limita o conteúdo de humidade circundante ao existente e que é gerado no interior das fronteiras do local da ferida, o qual é minimizado pelo aspecto de aspiração da terapia de pressão negativa.
Devido ao método de arrefecimento ter de ser implementado desta maneira e o clínico poder indicar a necessidade de arrefecimento em qualquer altura, após o início da terapia de pressão negativa, o método preferido 5 ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT compreende a colocação da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento por debaixo da cobertura de ferida, adjacente à almofada de espuma e local da ferida, independentemente se está inicialmente indicado aquecimento ou arrefecimento. Quando da colocação da almofada, a cobertura de ferida é feita aderir firmemente em torno do tubo de abastecimento e do tubo de drenagem para impedir fuga de vácuo.
Finalmente, muitas outras caracteristicas, objectos e vantagens do presente invento tornar-se-ão evidentes para os especialistas na matéria, em especial, à luz das explicações anteriores, dos desenhos e descrição exemplificativa pormenorizada seguintes, e das reivindicações em anexo.
BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DOS DESENHOS
Embora o âmbito do presente invento seja mais lato do que qualquer reivindicação particular, segue-se uma descrição pormenorizada da concretização preferida juntamente com as figuras ilustrativas, em que os números de referência iguais referem-se a componentes iguais e em que: a Fig. 1 mostra, em vista em perspectiva parcialmente em corte, a concretização preferida do presente invento quando aplicada a um local de ferida de um mamífero; e a Fig. 2 mostra, em vista de cima em corte transversal, a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento do invento da Fig. 1.
MELHOR MODO DE EXECUTAR 0 INVENTO
Embora os especialistas na matéria reconheçam prontamente muitas concretizações alternativas, em especial, à luz das ilustrações proporcionadas aqui, esta descrição pormenorizada é um exemplo da concretização preferida do presente invento - um sistema de fecho assistido por vácuo com fornecimento de aquecimento e arrefecimento, cujo âmbito é apenas limitado pelas reivindicações em anexo.
Fazendo agora referência às figuras, é mostrado que o presente invento 10 compreende, em geral, uma almofada de 6 ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT espuma 11 substancialmente para inserção num local de ferida 12, uma almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13, para aplicação no local de ferida 12 e uma cobertura de ferida 14 para fecho de vedação da almofada de espuma 11 e da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13 no local de ferida 12. De acordo com o invento, a almofada de espuma 11 é colocada em comunicação de fluidos com uma fonte de vácuo, para promover a drenagem de fluidos, enquanto é feito circular fluido quente ou frio através da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13, para a aceleração, ou retardo, controlada, respectivamente, da porção de função metabólica da resposta inflamatória do corpo.
De acordo com a concretização preferida do presente invento, a almofada de espuma 11, a cobertura de ferida 14 e a fonte de vácuo são implementadas como conhecido na técnica anterior, estando cada uma descrita em pormenor no pedido de patente US n.° de série 08/517,901 apresentado em 22 Agosto, 1995. Através desta referência, a descrição total do pedido de patente US n.° de série 08/517,901 ("o pedido 901"), incluindo as reivindicações e os desenhos, é aqui incluída como se apresentada agora na sua totalidade. Além disso, um tal sistema (V.A.C.®) está facilmente disponível comercialmente através da Kinetic Concepts, Inc. de San Antonio, Texas, USA e/ou suas companhias subsidiárias.
Como descrito em pormenor no pedido 901, a almofada de espuma 11 compreende, de preferência, uma espuma de poliéter ou poliuretano de células abertas, altamente reticulada para boa permeabilidade aos fluidos da ferida, enquanto sob aspiração. Como também descrito em pormenor no pedido 901, a almofada de espuma 11 é, de preferência, colocada em comunicação de fluidos, através de um tubo 15 de plástico, ou material semelhante, com uma fonte de vácuo, a qual, de preferência, compreende um recipiente colocado sob vácuo de modo seguro através da comunicação de fluidos, através de um filtro de membrana hidrófobo interposto, por uma bomba de vácuo. Finalmente, o pedido 901 descreve também em pormenor a cobertura de ferida 14, a qual, de preferência, compreende um material elastomérico coberto, pelo menos, de forma periférica com um adesivo acrílico sensível à pressão, para aplicação de vedação sobre o local de ferida 12. 7
ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT
De acordo com um método descrito, esses componentes, tal como estão descritos no pedido 901, são, em geral, empregues como conhecido na técnica, com a excepção do fornecimento de aquecimento e arrefecimento, do presente invento, que é adicionado para controlar a função metabólica local como parte da resposta inflamatória. Ao proporcionar o aquecimento localizado, em combinação com a terapia de pressão negativa caso contrário comum, a resposta inflamatória geral pode ser acelerada de modo sinérgico para produzir a rápida oclusão capilar e iniciação antecipada das fases de limpeza e reconstrução. Do mesmo modo, no caso do clinico de serviço determinar que a resposta inflamatória foi activada excessivamente, pode ser proporcionado o arrefecimento localizado em combinação com a terapia de pressão negativa para retardar a resposta inflamatória do corpo, sem sacrifício do controlo do edema e outros aspectos da terapia de pressão negativa proporcionada caso contrário.
Na concretização preferida do presente invento, a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13 compreende uma camada de água flexível e respirável 16, que compreende, em geral, duas folhas 17, 18 de material soldável por RF. As duas folhas 17, 18 da almofada são soldadas por RF juntas num padrão tipo "waffle", em que é formada uma pluralidade de aberturas 19 entre uma pluralidade de canais 20. As aberturas 19 permitem a transpiração da humidade proveniente da pele 21 do paciente, enquanto os canais 20 permitem a circulação através da almofada 13, por um tubo de abastecimento 22 e um tubo de drenagem 23, de água quente ou fria, como requerido, para o aquecimento ou arrefecimento da mesma.
Embora a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13 possa ser colocada dentro ou fora da cobertura de ferida 14, durante um método de aquecimento, é crítico que a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13 seja colocada dentro da cobertura de ferida 14 durante um método de arrefecimento.
Desta maneira, pode ser minimizada a formação de condensados no interior e perto dos bordos da cobertura 14, o que pode provocar o enfraquecimento do adesivo da cobertura e por último resultar na perda de vácuo no local de ferida 12. Em particular, a colocação da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13 dentro da cobertura de ferida 14 limita o conteúdo de humidade circundante ao nível de humidade 8 ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT existente e que é gerado no interior das fronteiras do local de ferida 12, o qual é minimizado pelo aspecto de aspiração da terapia de pressão negativa.
Devido ao método de arrefecimento ter de ser implementado desta maneira e o clinico poder indicar a necessidade de arrefecimento em qualquer altura após o inicio da terapia de pressão negativa, um método preferido compreende a colocação da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13 por debaixo da cobertura de ferida 14, adjacente à almofada de espuma 11 e local de ferida 12, independentemente se está inicialmente indicado o aquecimento ou o arrefecimento. Quando da colocação da almofada 13, a cobertura de ferida 14 é feita aderir firmemente em torno do tubo de abastecimento 22 e do tubo de drenagem 23 para impedir fugas de vácuo.
Embora a descrição anterior seja exemplificativa da concretização preferida do presente invento, os especialistas nas técnicas relevantes irão reconhecer muitas variações, alterações, modificações, substituições e semelhantes como sendo facilmente possíveis, especialmente à luz desta descrição, dos desenhos anexos e das reivindicações anexas. Por exemplo, os especialistas na matéria irão reconhecer que a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13 pode ser construída com uma vasta variedade de formas, tamanhos e estruturas internas. Uma tal concretização alternativa pode compreender a integração da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento 13 numa versão de camadas múltiplas da cobertura de ferida 14. Em qualquer caso, devido ao âmbito do presente invento ser mais lato do que qualquer concretização particular, a descrição pormenorizada anterior não deve ser interpretada como uma limitação do presente invento, o qual apenas é limitado pelas reivindicações anexas.
APLICABILIDADE INDUSTRIAL 0 presente invento é aplicável às técnicas de cura de feridas.
Lisboa,
Claims (4)
- ΕΡ 1 164 986 /PT 1/1 REIVINDICAÇÕES 1 - Aparelho para tratamento de feridas para controlar e/ou retardar a resposta inflamatória do corpo de um paciente, compreendendo uma almofada de espuma (11) para inserção num local de ferida (12), uma fonte de vácuo ligada, em comunicação de fluidos, à almofada de espuma para promover a drenagem de fluidos, e uma cobertura de ferida (14), caracterizado por compreender ainda uma almofada de aguecimento e arrefecimento (13) para aplicação sobre a almofada de espuma, meios para circulação de fluido guente ou frio através da almofada de aguecimento e arrefecimento e a cobertura de ferida (14), para fecho de vedação da almofada de espuma e da almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento, no local da ferida.
- 2 - Aparelho de acordo com a reivindicação 1, no qual a almofada de aquecimento e arrefecimento compreende uma camada de água flexível e respirável, que compreende um par de folhas interligadas (17, 18) de material flexível.
- 3 - Aparelho de acordo com a reivindicação 2 no qual as folhas estão interligadas por soldadura RF.
- 4 - Aparelho de acordo com a reivindicação 2 ou 3, no qual as folhas estão interligadas num padrão tipo "waffle" de maneira a proporcionar uma pluralidade de aberturas (19) entre uma pluralidade de canais (20), pelo que as aberturas permitem a transpiração da humidade proveniente da pele do paciente, enquanto os canais permitem a circulação de fluido quente ou frio através da almofada. Lisboa,
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2000
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- 2000-03-31 KR KR1020017012671A patent/KR100661203B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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