NO840914L - Ionebyttemembran og anvendelse derav - Google Patents
Ionebyttemembran og anvendelse deravInfo
- Publication number
- NO840914L NO840914L NO840914A NO840914A NO840914L NO 840914 L NO840914 L NO 840914L NO 840914 A NO840914 A NO 840914A NO 840914 A NO840914 A NO 840914A NO 840914 L NO840914 L NO 840914L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- groups
- layer
- membrane
- membrane according
- sacrificial
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 253
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 140
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 109
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003202 NH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 68
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 24
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 12
- -1 perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009739 binding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910006080 SO2X Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical group FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- BBKFSSMUWOMYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Au] BBKFSSMUWOMYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- KTCQQCLZUOZFEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propan-2-yl]oxyethanesulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(F)(=O)=O KTCQQCLZUOZFEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-(1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropent-1-enoxy)pent-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002955 Art silk Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003771 C cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical group FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000845082 Panama Species 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003843 chloralkali process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012686 granular polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
- C08J5/2281—Heterogeneous membranes fluorine containing heterogeneous membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/473,962 US4552631A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1983-03-10 | Reinforced membrane, electrochemical cell and electrolysis process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO840914L true NO840914L (no) | 1984-09-11 |
Family
ID=23881694
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO840914A NO840914L (no) | 1983-03-10 | 1984-03-09 | Ionebyttemembran og anvendelse derav |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4552631A (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP0119080B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JPS59219487A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR840008173A (ko) |
| AT (1) | ATE57961T1 (ko) |
| AU (1) | AU2544284A (ko) |
| BR (1) | BR8401071A (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA1247048A (ko) |
| DE (1) | DE3483484D1 (ko) |
| DK (1) | DK145284A (ko) |
| IL (1) | IL71186A0 (ko) |
| NO (1) | NO840914L (ko) |
| ZA (1) | ZA841740B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (68)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4900408A (en) * | 1988-02-01 | 1990-02-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Membrane electrolytic process for producing concentrated caustic |
| BR9000773A (pt) * | 1989-02-28 | 1991-01-22 | Du Pont | Processo para a fabricacao de uma membrana de troca de catio; processo para a fabricacao de um tecido revestido; processo para a fabricacao de um fio revestido; membrana de troca de cation; processo aperfeicoado para a eletrolise de um haleto de metal alcalino; tecido de troca de cation e fio de troca de cation |
| CA2021258C (en) * | 1989-07-17 | 1996-01-30 | Akio Kashiwada | Cation exchange membrane having high stability |
| JP3107229B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-14 | 2000-11-06 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | 固体高分子電解質燃料電池及び電解セルの隔膜加湿構造 |
| US5213671A (en) * | 1991-04-01 | 1993-05-25 | Ufs Corporation | Membrane guard for a membrane electrode cell |
| JP3075580B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-05 | 2000-08-14 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 電解用含フッ素陽イオン交換膜 |
| US5384019A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-01-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Membrane reinforced with modified leno weave fabric |
| US5447636A (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1995-09-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for making reinforced ion exchange membranes |
| US6110333A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2000-08-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite membrane with highly crystalline porous support |
| JP5258137B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-27 | 2013-08-07 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | パーフルオロカーボン系共重合体を含有する分散組成物 |
| US7402351B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2008-07-22 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Carboxylic acid-based ionomer fuel cells |
| ITMI20040789A1 (it) * | 2004-04-22 | 2004-07-22 | Solvay Solexis Spa | Membrane fluorurate |
| US20060051568A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-09 | O'brien William G | Composite membranes of high homogeneity |
| CN101072966B (zh) * | 2004-10-20 | 2013-02-13 | 雷西塔佩有限公司 | 用于密封管接头的密封材料和方法，密封材料的制造方法 |
| ATE510858T1 (de) * | 2006-11-09 | 2011-06-15 | Du Pont | Wässrige polymerisation eines fluorinierten monomers mithilfe eines polymerisationsmittels mit einer fluorpolyethersäure oder einem salz daraus und einem siloxantensid |
| WO2008060463A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aqueous polymerization of fluorinated monomers using polymerization agent comprising fluoropolyether acid or salt and hydrocarbon surfactant |
| ATE509960T1 (de) * | 2006-11-09 | 2011-06-15 | Du Pont | Wässrige polymerisation eines fluorinierten monomers mithilfe eines polymerisationsmittels mit einer fluorpolyethersäure oder einem salz daraus und einem fluorpolyethersäuretensid oder - salztensid von hohem molekulargewicht |
| EP1982757A1 (de) * | 2007-04-10 | 2008-10-22 | Stichting Voor De Technische Wetenschappen | Ionendurchlässige Membran und ihre Herstellung |
| US9598782B2 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2017-03-21 | Christopher M. McWhinney | Membrane module |
| EP2768056B1 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2016-04-06 | Christopher M. Mcwhinney | Electrochemical process |
| US20090281261A1 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Abatement of Fluoroether Carboxylic Acids or Salts Employed in Fluoropolymer Resin Manufacture |
| US20090281241A1 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aqueous Polymerization of Fluorinated Monomer Using a Mixture of Fluoropolyether Acids or Salts |
| US7989568B2 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2011-08-02 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorosulfonates |
| US20100160584A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Carboxylic Acids and Salts |
| US8436054B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2013-05-07 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorinated ionomer produced by aqueous polymerization using dispersed particulate of fluorinated ionomer produced in situ |
| US8835547B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2014-09-16 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer particles having a nucleus of fluorinated ionomer |
| US8436053B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2013-05-07 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorinated ionomer produced by aqueous polymerization using dispersed particulate of fluorinated ionomer |
| US8153738B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2012-04-10 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer produced by aqueous polymerization using dispersed particulate of fluorinated ionomer |
| US8058376B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2011-11-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer produced by aqueous polymerization using dispersed particulate of fluorinated lonomer produced in situ |
| US20100160552A1 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aqueous Polymerization of Fluorinated Monomer Using Hydrogen Containing Branched Fluoroether Surfactant |
| US8281716B2 (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2012-10-09 | Printing Research, Inc. | Anti-marking jackets comprised of fluoropolymer and methods of using in offset printing |
| US8578853B2 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2013-11-12 | Printing Research, Inc. | Anti-marking jackets comprised of attachment structure and methods of using in offset printing |
| US8329813B2 (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-12-11 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thermal reduction of fluoroether carboxylic acids or salts from fluoropolymer dispersions |
| US20120202135A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2012-08-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improved catalyst coated membranes having composite, thin membranes and thin cathodes for use in direct methanol fuel cells |
| US8424453B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2013-04-23 | Printing Research, Inc. | Apparatus and method for adjusting anti-marking jackets |
| EP2638081B1 (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2019-07-03 | The Chemours Company FC, LLC | Aqueous polymerization of fluoromonomer using hydrocarbon surfactant |
| CN103210003B (zh) | 2010-11-09 | 2016-09-07 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 减弱含烃表面活性剂在含氟单体含水分散体聚合反应中的调聚性能 |
| EP2638082B1 (en) | 2010-11-09 | 2019-04-17 | The Chemours Company FC, LLC | Nucleation in aqueous polymerization of fluoromonomer |
| US8677899B2 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2014-03-25 | Printing Research, Inc. | Reversible anti-marking jackets and methods of using |
| JP2014516096A (ja) | 2011-05-13 | 2014-07-07 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 低摩耗フルオロポリマー複合材料 |
| US20140162916A1 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2014-06-12 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Slurry technique for producing fluoropolymer composites |
| JP5810860B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-17 | 2015-11-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用電極触媒層 |
| WO2013101299A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flow battery comprising a composite polymer separator membrane |
| US9346258B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2016-05-24 | Printing Research, Inc. | Method for cleaning anti-marking jackets |
| US20130303708A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Hypochlorite Salts or Nitrite Salts to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration |
| US9175115B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2015-11-03 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Fluoropolymer resin treatment employing heating and oxygen source to reduce discoloration |
| US20130303710A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Hydrogen Peroxide to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration |
| CN104395357A (zh) | 2012-05-09 | 2015-03-04 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 使用氧化剂处理含氟聚合物树脂以减少变色 |
| US20130303717A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Oxidizing Agent to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration |
| US8785560B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2014-07-22 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Employing pretreatment and fluorination of fluoropolymer resin to reduce discoloration |
| US20130303652A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Light and Oxygen Source in Presence of Photocatalyst to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration |
| US9175112B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2015-11-03 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Drying wet fluoropolymer resin and exposing to oxygen source to reduce discoloration |
| US20130303707A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorination of Fluoropolymer Resin to Reduce Discoloration |
| US8785516B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2014-07-22 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer dispersion treatment employing ultraviolet light and oxygen source to reduce fluoropolymer resin discoloration |
| US9175110B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2015-11-03 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Fluoropolymer resin treatment employing melt extrusion and exposure to oxygen source to reduce discoloration |
| US20130303709A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing High pH and Oxygen Source to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration |
| US10868324B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2020-12-15 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Flow battery having a separator membrane comprising an ionomer |
| US9574027B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-02-21 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Fluoropolymer resin treatment employing sorbent to reduce fluoropolymer resin discoloration |
| WO2015081055A1 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Employing polyalkylene oxides for nucleation in aqueous polymerization of fluoromonomer |
| WO2015098769A1 (ja) | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-02 | 旭硝子株式会社 | フッ素系陽イオン交換膜の製造方法 |
| EP3184671B1 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2019-11-13 | AGC Inc. | Ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis, and alkali chloride electrolysis apparatus |
| JP6400410B2 (ja) | 2014-09-25 | 2018-10-03 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セル |
| US10077197B2 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2018-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | High concentration bleach generator apparatus, system and method of use |
| JPWO2017154925A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-01-10 | Ａｇｃ株式会社 | イオン交換膜、その製造方法および塩化アルカリ電解装置 |
| JP7058070B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-06 | 2022-04-21 | 旭化成株式会社 | 陽イオン交換膜及び電解槽 |
| CN109790636B (zh) | 2017-01-27 | 2020-11-03 | 旭化成株式会社 | 离子交换膜和电解槽 |
| EP3924537B1 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2024-07-03 | The Chemours Company FC, LLC | Multilayer cation exchange chloralkali membrane |
| CN116234794A (zh) | 2020-10-01 | 2023-06-06 | 科慕埃弗西有限公司 | 含氟聚合物的水性聚合反应中的低反应性烃分散剂 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3940916A (en) * | 1974-06-27 | 1976-03-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Knitted or woven ion exchange fabric containing low denier filaments |
| US4021237A (en) * | 1974-11-14 | 1977-05-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing cadmium sulfide for electrophotography |
| US4021327A (en) * | 1975-04-29 | 1977-05-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Reinforced cation permeable separator |
| FR2355926A1 (fr) * | 1975-11-21 | 1978-01-20 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Diaphragme selectif d'electrolyse |
| JPS55110786A (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1980-08-26 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Method for electrolysis of alkali chloride |
| US4356068A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1982-10-26 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Permionic membrane |
| US4272337A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1981-06-09 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali electrolysis cell |
| US4426271A (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1984-01-17 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Homogeneous cation exchange membrane having a multi-layer structure |
| JPS6016518B2 (ja) * | 1980-07-31 | 1985-04-25 | 旭硝子株式会社 | イオン交換膜電解槽 |
| WO1982002564A1 (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1982-08-05 | Pont Du | Sacrificial reinforcement in cation exchange membrane |
| US4349422A (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1982-09-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrolysis process |
| DE3267950D1 (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1986-01-30 | Du Pont | Membrane, electrochemical cell, and electrolysis process |
| JPS57131378A (en) * | 1981-02-05 | 1982-08-14 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Manufacture of caustic alkali |
| JPS57131377A (en) * | 1981-02-05 | 1982-08-14 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Manufacture of caustic alkali |
| US4496451A (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1985-01-29 | Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. | Ion exchange membrane manufacture for electrolytic cell |
| JPS57194269A (en) * | 1981-05-25 | 1982-11-29 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Production of hydrogen |
| JPS57194268A (en) * | 1981-05-25 | 1982-11-29 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Production of hydrogen |
| JPS6017034B2 (ja) * | 1981-05-26 | 1985-04-30 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 新規な電解用陽イオン交換膜 |
-
1983
- 1983-03-10 US US06/473,962 patent/US4552631A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1984
- 1984-02-29 DK DK145284A patent/DK145284A/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-03-08 CA CA000449100A patent/CA1247048A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-08 ZA ZA841740A patent/ZA841740B/xx unknown
- 1984-03-08 IL IL71186A patent/IL71186A0/xx unknown
- 1984-03-09 KR KR1019840001195A patent/KR840008173A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-03-09 AU AU25442/84A patent/AU2544284A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1984-03-09 EP EP84301606A patent/EP0119080B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-03-09 NO NO840914A patent/NO840914L/no unknown
- 1984-03-09 AT AT84301606T patent/ATE57961T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-03-09 DE DE8484301606T patent/DE3483484D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-03-09 BR BR8401071A patent/BR8401071A/pt unknown
- 1984-03-10 JP JP59046369A patent/JPS59219487A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE57961T1 (de) | 1990-11-15 |
| CA1247048A (en) | 1988-12-20 |
| US4552631A (en) | 1985-11-12 |
| DE3483484D1 (de) | 1990-12-06 |
| JPS59219487A (ja) | 1984-12-10 |
| KR840008173A (ko) | 1984-12-13 |
| JPH043420B2 (ko) | 1992-01-23 |
| ZA841740B (en) | 1985-11-27 |
| EP0119080A3 (en) | 1985-09-11 |
| EP0119080A2 (en) | 1984-09-19 |
| BR8401071A (pt) | 1984-10-16 |
| AU2544284A (en) | 1984-09-13 |
| CA1273899C (ko) | 1990-09-11 |
| EP0119080B1 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| IL71186A0 (en) | 1984-06-29 |
| DK145284A (da) | 1984-09-11 |
| DK145284D0 (da) | 1984-02-29 |
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