NO811971L - E fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av smoereolje-basismaterial - Google Patents
E fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av smoereolje-basismaterialInfo
- Publication number
- NO811971L NO811971L NO811971A NO811971A NO811971L NO 811971 L NO811971 L NO 811971L NO 811971 A NO811971 A NO 811971A NO 811971 A NO811971 A NO 811971A NO 811971 L NO811971 L NO 811971L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- pressure
- section
- hydrocracked
- dewaxing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
- C10G47/16—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/158,980 US4283271A (en) | 1980-06-12 | 1980-06-12 | Manufacture of hydrocracked low pour lubricating oils |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO811971L true NO811971L (no) | 1981-12-14 |
Family
ID=22570561
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO811971A NO811971L (no) | 1980-06-12 | 1981-06-11 | E fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av smoereolje-basismaterial |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4283271A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0042239B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS5728191A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR840001851B1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU545072B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR8103729A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA1165261A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE3169351D1 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES502963A0 (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB2077756B (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX157560A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO811971L (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG38184G (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA813669B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (52)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4347121A (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1982-08-31 | Chevron Research Company | Production of lubricating oils |
| US4790927A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1988-12-13 | Union Oil Company Of California | Process for simultaneous hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbons |
| US4877762A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1989-10-31 | Union Oil Company Of California | Catalyst for simultaneous hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbons |
| US4428825A (en) | 1981-05-26 | 1984-01-31 | Union Oil Company Of California | Catalytic hydrodewaxing process with added ammonia in the production of lubricating oils |
| US4414097A (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1983-11-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic process for manufacture of low pour lubricating oils |
| US5128024A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1992-07-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Simultaneous catalytic hydrocracking and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbon oils with zeolite beta |
| US5284573A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1994-02-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Simultaneous catalytic hydrocracking and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbon oils with zeolite beta |
| US4610778A (en) * | 1983-04-01 | 1986-09-09 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Two-stage hydrocarbon dewaxing process |
| US4549955A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-10-29 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for stabilizing hydroprocessed lubricating oil stocks by the addition of hydrogen sulfide |
| US4550012A (en) * | 1984-05-01 | 1985-10-29 | Mobil Oil Corp. | Multi-phase countercurrent reactor system |
| US4574043A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1986-03-04 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic process for manufacture of low pour lubricating oils |
| US4919788A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1990-04-24 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Lubricant production process |
| US4695364A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1987-09-22 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Lube or light distillate hydrodewaxing method and apparatus with light product removal and enhanced lube yields |
| US4720337A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1988-01-19 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Hydrodewaxing method with interstage separation of light products |
| ATE45177T1 (de) * | 1984-12-27 | 1989-08-15 | Mobil Oil Corp | Verfahren zur hydrocracking und katalytischen entwachsung. |
| US4921594A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1990-05-01 | Chevron Research Company | Production of low pour point lubricating oils |
| US4952303A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1990-08-28 | Mobil Oil Corp. | Process for preparing a very high quality lube base stock oil |
| US4597854A (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1986-07-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Multi-bed hydrodewaxing process |
| US4744884A (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1988-05-17 | Union Oil Company Of California | Process for producing lubrication oil of high viscosity index |
| US4699707A (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1987-10-13 | Union Oil Company Of California | Process for producing lubrication oil of high viscosity index from shale oils |
| US4773987A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1988-09-27 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Shape-selective conversion of organic feedstock using clathrate group tectosilicates |
| US4822476A (en) * | 1986-08-27 | 1989-04-18 | Chevron Research Company | Process for hydrodewaxing hydrocracked lube oil base stocks |
| GB8629476D0 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1987-01-21 | Shell Int Research | Manufacture of lubricating base oils |
| JPS63180540A (ja) * | 1987-01-20 | 1988-07-25 | Shusaku Hara | 自動車の直進合図表示装置 |
| JPS63195040A (ja) * | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-12 | Shusaku Hara | 自動車の前面に装着する直進合図表示装置 |
| US4867862A (en) * | 1987-04-20 | 1989-09-19 | Chevron Research Company | Process for hydrodehazing hydrocracked lube oil base stocks |
| JPH0271042U (ja) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-05-30 | ||
| JPH0435351U (ja) * | 1990-07-23 | 1992-03-24 | ||
| US5151393A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1992-09-29 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Staged process for reactivation of spent zeolite catalyst particles |
| US5358627A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1994-10-25 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydroprocessing for producing lubricating oil base stocks |
| US5385663A (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1995-01-31 | Uop | Integrated hydrocracking-catalytic dewaxing process for the production of middle distillates |
| US5365003A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1994-11-15 | Mobil Oil Corp. | Shape selective conversion of hydrocarbons over extrusion-modified molecular sieve |
| US5468368A (en) * | 1993-06-21 | 1995-11-21 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Lubricant hydrocracking process |
| US5603824A (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1997-02-18 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Hydrocarbon upgrading process |
| US5855767A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1999-01-05 | Star Enterprise | Hydrorefining process for production of base oils |
| JP2002502436A (ja) * | 1995-11-14 | 2002-01-22 | モービル・オイル・コーポレイション | 潤滑剤の品質を向上させる統合的方法 |
| KR970074901A (ko) * | 1996-05-14 | 1997-12-10 | 조규향 | 미전환유를 이용하여 연료유 및 윤활기유를 제조하는 방법 |
| US6413413B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2002-07-02 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Hydrogenation process |
| US6294077B1 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2001-09-25 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Production of high viscosity lubricating oil stock with improved ZSM-5 catalyst |
| US6702935B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2004-03-09 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydrocracking process to maximize diesel with improved aromatic saturation |
| US6867338B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Selective hydrogenation of acetylenes and dienes in a hydrocarbon stream |
| US20040245147A1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-09 | Boucher Ashe Heather A. | Process to manufacture high viscosity hydrocracked base oils |
| US8137531B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2012-03-20 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Integrated process for the production of lubricating base oils and liquid fuels from Fischer-Tropsch materials using split feed hydroprocessing |
| US20070062847A1 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-03-22 | Hyde Evan P | Integrated lubricant upgrading process using once-through, hydrogen-containing treat gas |
| US8431014B2 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2013-04-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process and catalyst system for improving dewaxing catalyst stability and lubricant oil yield |
| KR101679426B1 (ko) | 2010-04-30 | 2016-11-25 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 미전환유를 이용한 고급 윤활기유의 제조 방법 |
| KR101779605B1 (ko) * | 2010-06-04 | 2017-09-19 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 감압증류된 탈아스팔트유를 이용한 윤활기유 제조방법 |
| US8992764B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2015-03-31 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Integrated hydrocracking and dewaxing of hydrocarbons |
| US8617383B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-12-31 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Integrated hydrocracking and dewaxing of hydrocarbons |
| EP2756056A1 (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2014-07-23 | ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company | Process for the production of diesel fuel and lubricant base oil |
| US9719034B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2017-08-01 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Co-production of lubricants and distillate fuels |
| CN110997875A (zh) * | 2017-08-15 | 2020-04-10 | 沙特基础工业全球技术有限公司 | 裂解烃进料的方法和系统 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3486993A (en) * | 1968-01-24 | 1969-12-30 | Chevron Res | Catalytic production of low pour point lubricating oils |
| US3530061A (en) * | 1969-07-16 | 1970-09-22 | Mobil Oil Corp | Stable hydrocarbon lubricating oils and process for forming same |
| US3717571A (en) * | 1970-11-03 | 1973-02-20 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrogen purification and recycle in hydrogenating heavy mineral oils |
| GB1404406A (en) * | 1973-02-08 | 1975-08-28 | British Petroleum Co | Production of lubricating oils |
| US3852207A (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1974-12-03 | Chevron Res | Production of stable lubricating oils by sequential hydrocracking and hydrogenation |
| US4057489A (en) * | 1976-12-29 | 1977-11-08 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for producing a transformer oil having lower pour point and improved oxidation stability |
| US4181598A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1980-01-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Manufacture of lube base stock oil |
| US4137148A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1979-01-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Manufacture of specialty oils |
| NL7713122A (nl) * | 1977-11-29 | 1979-05-31 | Shell Int Research | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van koolwaterstoffen. |
| US4238316A (en) * | 1978-07-06 | 1980-12-09 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Two-stage catalytic process to produce lubricating oils |
| US4162962A (en) * | 1978-09-25 | 1979-07-31 | Chevron Research Company | Sequential hydrocracking and hydrogenating process for lube oil production |
-
1980
- 1980-06-12 US US06/158,980 patent/US4283271A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-05-26 CA CA000378285A patent/CA1165261A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-02 ZA ZA00813669A patent/ZA813669B/xx unknown
- 1981-06-03 AU AU71308/81A patent/AU545072B2/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-04 EP EP81302482A patent/EP0042239B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-04 GB GB8117169A patent/GB2077756B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-04 DE DE8181302482T patent/DE3169351D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-06-11 BR BR8103729A patent/BR8103729A/pt unknown
- 1981-06-11 ES ES502963A patent/ES502963A0/es active Granted
- 1981-06-11 NO NO811971A patent/NO811971L/no unknown
- 1981-06-12 MX MX187771A patent/MX157560A/es unknown
- 1981-06-12 KR KR1019810002122A patent/KR840001851B1/ko active
- 1981-06-12 JP JP8975181A patent/JPS5728191A/ja active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-05-23 SG SG381/84A patent/SG38184G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7130881A (en) | 1981-12-17 |
| KR830006412A (ko) | 1983-09-24 |
| EP0042239A1 (en) | 1981-12-23 |
| US4283271A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
| MX157560A (es) | 1988-12-02 |
| CA1165261A (en) | 1984-04-10 |
| ZA813669B (en) | 1983-01-26 |
| ES8300844A1 (es) | 1982-11-01 |
| ES502963A0 (es) | 1982-11-01 |
| GB2077756B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| GB2077756A (en) | 1981-12-23 |
| JPS5728191A (en) | 1982-02-15 |
| EP0042239B1 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
| KR840001851B1 (ko) | 1984-10-22 |
| AU545072B2 (en) | 1985-06-27 |
| SG38184G (en) | 1985-03-08 |
| JPS624439B2 (ja) | 1987-01-30 |
| BR8103729A (pt) | 1982-03-02 |
| DE3169351D1 (en) | 1985-04-25 |
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