NO301470B1 - Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et rutiltitandioxydpigment - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et rutiltitandioxydpigment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO301470B1 NO301470B1 NO904877A NO904877A NO301470B1 NO 301470 B1 NO301470 B1 NO 301470B1 NO 904877 A NO904877 A NO 904877A NO 904877 A NO904877 A NO 904877A NO 301470 B1 NO301470 B1 NO 301470B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- titanium dioxide
- oxidizing gas
- titanium
- reaction zone
- Prior art date
Links
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 titanium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical group Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010067 TiC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007593 dry painting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)(Br)Br UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/07—Producing by vapour phase processes, e.g. halide oxidation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/197,212 US5204083A (en) | 1988-05-23 | 1988-05-23 | Process for preparing titanium dioxide |
| PCT/US1989/002043 WO1989011450A1 (en) | 1988-05-23 | 1989-05-11 | Process for preparing titanium dioxide |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO904877L NO904877L (no) | 1990-11-09 |
| NO904877D0 NO904877D0 (no) | 1990-11-09 |
| NO301470B1 true NO301470B1 (no) | 1997-11-03 |
Family
ID=22728486
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO904877A NO301470B1 (no) | 1988-05-23 | 1990-11-09 | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et rutiltitandioxydpigment |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5204083A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0416015B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH0660018B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR970001826B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1015438B (ja) |
| AR (1) | AR244757A1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU612862B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR8907446A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA1329966C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE68909044T2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2011190A6 (ja) |
| FI (1) | FI96306C (ja) |
| IN (1) | IN171911B (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX170702B (ja) |
| MY (1) | MY103469A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO301470B1 (ja) |
| PH (1) | PH26327A (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2049099C1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1989011450A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA888738B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5698177A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-12-16 | University Of Cincinnati | Process for producing ceramic powders, especially titanium dioxide useful as a photocatalyst |
| US5536487A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1996-07-16 | Kronos, Inc. | Process for the use of rutile promoter and control additives in the manufacture of titanium dioxide by the chloride process |
| CN1199385A (zh) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-11-18 | 科尔－麦克基化学有限责任公司 | 生产二氧化钛的方法和装置 |
| US5840112A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-11-24 | Kerr Mcgee Chemical Corporation | Method and apparatus for producing titanium dioxide |
| US20090075083A1 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2009-03-19 | Nanogram Corporation | Nanoparticle production and corresponding structures |
| US7384680B2 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2008-06-10 | Nanogram Corporation | Nanoparticle-based power coatings and corresponding structures |
| US6387531B1 (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2002-05-14 | Nanogram Corporation | Metal (silicon) oxide/carbon composite particles |
| US20060147369A1 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2006-07-06 | Neophotonics Corporation | Nanoparticle production and corresponding structures |
| US6387347B1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2002-05-14 | Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, Inc. | Controlled vapor phase oxidation of titanium tetrachloride to manufacture titanium dioxide |
| EP1142830A1 (de) * | 2000-04-03 | 2001-10-10 | Degussa AG | Nanoskalige pyrogene Oxide, Verfahren zur deren Herstellung und die Verwendung dieser Oxide |
| US20010036437A1 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2001-11-01 | Andreas Gutsch | Nanoscale pyrogenic oxides |
| AU2001257372B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2005-09-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making durable titanium dioxide pigment in the chloride process without wet treatment |
| US7465431B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2008-12-16 | Degussa Ag | Nanoscalar pyrogenically produced yttrium-zirconium mixed oxide |
| US7208126B2 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2007-04-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Titanium dioxide nanopowder manufacturing process |
| WO2007040466A1 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2007-04-12 | Tronox Llc | Methods of controlling the particle size of titanium dioxide produced by the chloride process |
| US7476378B2 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2009-01-13 | E.I. Dupont Denemours & Company | Process for producing titanium dioxide |
| US8741257B2 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2014-06-03 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for in-situ formation of chlorides of silicon and aluminum in the preparation of titanium dioxide |
| CN102612494B (zh) * | 2010-02-22 | 2015-05-20 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 在二氧化钛的制备中原位形成硅、铝和钛的氯化物的方法 |
| US8734756B2 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2014-05-27 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for in-situ formation of chlorides in the preparation of titanium dioxide |
| CN104140356B (zh) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-04-27 | 常熟三爱富氟化工有限责任公司 | 一种新型绿色三氟氯乙烯的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB988878A (en) * | 1962-01-30 | 1965-04-14 | British Titan Products | Fluidised bed process for the production of titanium dioxide |
| US3214284A (en) * | 1962-04-25 | 1965-10-26 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Production of pigmentary titanium oxide |
| GB1034132A (en) * | 1962-04-25 | 1966-06-29 | British Titan Products | Production of titanium dioxide |
| FR1354969A (fr) * | 1963-01-29 | 1964-03-13 | British Titan Products | Procédé amélioré de production de dioxyde de titane et produit obtenu |
| US3208866A (en) * | 1963-07-15 | 1965-09-28 | Du Pont | Tio2 manufacture |
| US3304265A (en) * | 1965-03-10 | 1967-02-14 | British Titan Products | Vapour phase oxidation |
| US3356456A (en) * | 1965-07-22 | 1967-12-05 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Process for preparing titanium dioxide |
| NL130649C (ja) * | 1965-10-01 | |||
| US3485583A (en) * | 1965-10-08 | 1969-12-23 | Ppg Industries Inc | Process for preparing improved titanium dioxide |
| US3512219A (en) * | 1965-10-19 | 1970-05-19 | American Potash & Chem Corp | Injection reactor for titanium dioxide production |
| US3455653A (en) * | 1966-03-23 | 1969-07-15 | Cabot Corp | Process for the production of titanium dioxide |
| US3639100A (en) * | 1969-07-24 | 1972-02-01 | Du Pont | MOLTEN SALT PRE-TREATMENT OF REACTANTS FOR TiC1{11 {0 OXIDATION |
| US3640745A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1972-02-08 | Ppg Industries Inc | Method of preparing pigmentary titanium dioxide |
| IN152047B (ja) * | 1978-12-04 | 1983-10-01 | Du Pont | |
| US4803056A (en) * | 1983-07-22 | 1989-02-07 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation | System for increasing the capacity of a titanium dioxide producing process |
-
1988
- 1988-05-23 US US07/197,212 patent/US5204083A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-31 CA CA000581757A patent/CA1329966C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-07 IN IN930/CAL/88A patent/IN171911B/en unknown
- 1988-11-11 MY MYPI88001288A patent/MY103469A/en unknown
- 1988-11-22 ZA ZA888738A patent/ZA888738B/xx unknown
- 1988-11-25 AR AR88312566A patent/AR244757A1/es active
- 1988-12-16 PH PH37932A patent/PH26327A/en unknown
-
1989
- 1989-01-06 CN CN89100014A patent/CN1015438B/zh not_active Expired
- 1989-02-21 ES ES8900625A patent/ES2011190A6/es not_active Expired
- 1989-05-11 AU AU37449/89A patent/AU612862B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-05-11 BR BR898907446A patent/BR8907446A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-11 JP JP1506312A patent/JPH0660018B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-11 WO PCT/US1989/002043 patent/WO1989011450A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-05-11 KR KR1019890701652A patent/KR970001826B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-11 DE DE89906611T patent/DE68909044T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-11 EP EP89906611A patent/EP0416015B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-11 RU SU894742996A patent/RU2049099C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-19 MX MX016111A patent/MX170702B/es unknown
-
1990
- 1990-11-09 NO NO904877A patent/NO301470B1/no unknown
- 1990-11-22 FI FI905768A patent/FI96306C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI96306B (fi) | 1996-02-29 |
| JPH0660018B2 (ja) | 1994-08-10 |
| ZA888738B (en) | 1990-07-25 |
| BR8907446A (pt) | 1991-05-21 |
| CA1329966C (en) | 1994-06-07 |
| KR970001826B1 (ko) | 1997-02-17 |
| JPH03504373A (ja) | 1991-09-26 |
| CN1015438B (zh) | 1992-02-12 |
| DE68909044D1 (de) | 1993-10-14 |
| MX170702B (es) | 1993-09-08 |
| KR900700547A (ko) | 1990-08-16 |
| FI905768A0 (fi) | 1990-11-22 |
| NO904877L (no) | 1990-11-09 |
| CN1037876A (zh) | 1989-12-13 |
| EP0416015A1 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
| PH26327A (en) | 1992-04-29 |
| EP0416015B1 (en) | 1993-09-08 |
| ES2011190A6 (es) | 1989-12-16 |
| AU3744989A (en) | 1989-12-12 |
| AU612862B2 (en) | 1991-07-18 |
| NO904877D0 (no) | 1990-11-09 |
| FI96306C (fi) | 1996-06-10 |
| RU2049099C1 (ru) | 1995-11-27 |
| DE68909044T2 (de) | 1994-01-05 |
| MY103469A (en) | 1993-06-30 |
| WO1989011450A1 (en) | 1989-11-30 |
| US5204083A (en) | 1993-04-20 |
| IN171911B (ja) | 1993-02-06 |
| AR244757A1 (es) | 1993-11-30 |
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