NO171176B - Anvendelse av plater av skumplastmateriale som innvendig er anordnet med et stoerre antall hulrom - Google Patents
Anvendelse av plater av skumplastmateriale som innvendig er anordnet med et stoerre antall hulrom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO171176B NO171176B NO864597A NO864597A NO171176B NO 171176 B NO171176 B NO 171176B NO 864597 A NO864597 A NO 864597A NO 864597 A NO864597 A NO 864597A NO 171176 B NO171176 B NO 171176B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- foam plastic
- plate
- cavities
- specified
- application
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 82
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/18—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
- B32B3/20—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side of hollow pieces, e.g. tubes; of pieces with channels or cavities
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
- B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
- B29C44/468—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length in a plurality of parallel streams which unite during the foaming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1454—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/1458—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined once, i.e. contour welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
- B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/438—Joining sheets for making hollow-walled, channelled structures or multi-tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5227—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
- B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
- B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
- B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
- B29C66/8432—Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår generelt anvendelse av plater av skumplastmateriale som luft- og trinnlydisolasjonsdempning for flytende pussdekker eller flytende tregulv.
Med trinnlydisolering menes motstanden i et dekke mot gjennomgang av trinnlydbølger. Ved massive rådekker er trinnlydisoleringen alltid utilstrekkelig. Trinnlydisoleringen ved rådekker kan forbedres ved påføring av et dekkesjikt i form av et flytende pussdekke, et flytende tregulv eller et myktfjærende gulvbelegg. De flytende gulv vil derved forbedre luft- og trinnlydisolasjonen hos rådekket, mens de myktfjærende gulvbelegg bare medfører trinnlyddemping.
Et flytende pussdekke består av en mørtelplate som er utlagt på et myktfjærende isolasjonssjikt. De lydisolerende stoffer som danner isolasjonssjiktet under platen, må derved ha en bestemt stivhet. Denne stivhet kjennetegner fjærings-evnen hos isolasjons-sjiktet mellom pussdekket og rådekket ved dynamisk, d.v.s. vekslende belastning. Den blir derfor som dynamisk stivhet s' betegnet med enheten MN/m<3> og for ulike lydisolasjonsstoffer angitt ifølge DIN 52214. Trinnlyd-forbedringen VM som angis i desibel (dB), avhenger av den dynamiske stivhet. Det kan generelt sies at trinnlyd-forbedringen øker i samme grad som verdien for den dynamiske stivhet avtar. Ved de kjente isolasjons-plater av stenull, glassfiber, kokosfiber, korkavfall og gummiavfall utgjør den dynamiske stivhet s' ved platetykkelser i innmontert tilstand av 10-13 mm mellom 19 og 81 MN/m<3> hvilket, ved bruk av , betongpussdekker, gir en trinnlydforbedringsgrad av 15-28 dB. Bare med en polysterol-hardskumplate som er forbehandlet ved valsing og i innmontert tilstand har en tykkelse av 12,9 mm vil det oppnås en dynamisk stivhet av 13 MN/m<3>, og med et betongpussdekke bør dette gi en trinnlydforbedring av 28 dB. Bedre resultater har hittil ikke kunnet oppnås med skumplastplater.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse har derfor som formål å frembringe anvendelse av en luft- og trinnlydisolasjonsplate av skumplast for flytende pussdekker og flytende tregulv, som (a) har en dynamisk stivhet ifølge DIN 52214 av 1-13 MN/m<3> og fortrinnsvis 3-8 MN/mm<3>, hvilket motsvarer en forbedring
av trinnlydgraden VM ifølge DIN 4109 av minst 30 dB,
(b) som har den ønskede langtidsvarighet, hvilket innebærer at dens VM-verdi 2 år etter utleggingen, ikke skal være
forringet med mer enn 2 dB i forhold til utgangsverdien, (c) som brannsikkerhetsmessig i hvert fall oppfyller kravet
B2 eller Bl, og som
(d) samtidig har tilfredsstillende varmeisoleringsegenskaper.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er dette oppnådd ved anvendelse av plater av skumplastmateriale som innvendig er anordnet med et større antall hulrom som fra den ene platekant strekker seg vinkelrett eller skrått mot en overforliggende platekant, som luft- og trinnlydisolasjonsdempning for flytende pussdekker eller flytende tregulv. Platene består fortrinnsvis av et fleksibel skumplastmateriale med lukkede celler og med en romvekt av 15-25 kg/m<3>, og særlig under 20 kg/m<3>, hvor cellediameteren er mindre enn 0,3 mm og som kjennetegnes ved en god gjenopprettelses-evne. Ethvert plastmateriale som er lett oppskumbart og som gir et fleksibelt skum, er egnet for .anvendelse. Det foretrekkes bruk av polyolefiner og de tilhørende kopolymerer. Av foretrukne polyolefiner kan nevnes polyetylen og polypropylen, særlig ufornettet polyetylen av gruppen Low-Density-polyetylen. Selvsagt kan imidlertid skumplasten også bestå av polyuretan, polystyrol, styrolkopolymerer, polyvinylklorid o.s.v.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen vil det fortrinnsvis benyttes skumplastplater av den type som fremstilles ved at skumplast-hulprofiler sammenklebes og/eller sammensveises, hvorved sidekantene eventuelt profileres. Skumplast-hulprofilene vil fortrinnsvis bestå av skumplast-isolasjonsrør, særlig slike som har en romvekt under 20 kg/m<3.> Istedenfor de vanlige skumplast-isolasjonsrør med rundt tverrsnitt, kan det ifølge oppfinnelsen selvsagt anvendes hvilke som helst, tenkbare hulprofiler, eksempelvis rør med kvadratisk, rektangulært eller ovalt tverrsnitt. Rør med ovalt tverrsnitt er å foretrekke. Foretrukne utførelsesformer av skumplastplatene som benyttes ifølge oppfinnelsen, er definert i underkravene og nærmere beskrevet i tilknytning til de medfølgende figurer 1-30.
Skumplastplatene fremstilles fortrinnsvis ved at skumplast-hulprofiler sammenklebes eller sammenføyes ved støpesveising eller varmesveising. En varmesveisemetode som er særlig egnet for oppfinnelsens formål, er angitt i den andre del av foreliggende beskrivelse. Dessuten kan ekstruderte skumplast-hulprofiler sammensveises på stedet, slik det likeledes er kortfattet omtalt i beskrivelsens andre del.
Uten derved å begrenses er oppfinnelsen beskrevet i det etterfølgende i tilknytning til figurene. Samtlige detaljer som fremgår av figurene omfattes av oppfinnelsen og ansees vesentlig for denne, selv om en eller annen detalj ikke er nærmere beskrevet i den etterfølgende, utførlige omtale. I figurene og i den etterfølgende beskrivelse har de benyttede henvisningstall følgende betydning:
Fig. 1 viser et perspektivriss av en skumplastplate som er rektangulær i planriss og som består av et lag sammensveisede, korte skumplastrør som er anordnet parallelt og side om side og hvor røroversidene oppe og nede samtidig fungerer som ribber. Fig. 2 viser et perspektivriss av en skumplastplate som er rektangulær i tverrsnitt og som består av et lag sammensveisede, lange skumplastrør som er anordnet parallelt og side om side. Fig. 3 viser et perspektivriss av en skumplastplate som består av to innbyrdes ovenpåliggende, sammensveisede lag av korte skumplastrør som er sammensveiset og anordnet parallelt og side om side. Fig. 4 viser et perspektivriss av tre innbyrdes ovenpåliggende rørplater 2, 2a, 2b, hvor den øvre og nedre rørplate 2, 2b er identisk med rørplaten ifølge fig. 1 og den midtre rørplate 2a identisk med rørplaten ifølge fig. 2. Fig. 5 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate, bestående av to innbyrdes ovenpåliggende rørplater 2, 2a, hvor det ved ytterligere påsveising av et rør 1 nede til venstre og et rør la oppe til høyre, er tilrettelagt for en trinnfals 13, 13a. Fig. 6 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate, bestående av tre innbyrdes ovenpåliggende rørplater 2, 2a, 2b, hvor det ved ytterligere påsveising av rør l, la, lb er dannet en not 11 og en fjær 12. Fig. 7 viser en lignende skumplastplate som vist i fig. 6, hvor den ytre rørplate. 2a er slik anordnet at hver av lengdeaksene for de tilhørende rør ligger i det vertikalplan som forløper gjennom de ovenforliggende og nedenforliggende sveisesømmer. Også i dette tilfellet er det dannet en not 11 på den ene side og en fjær 12 på den annen side. Fig. 8 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate, bestående av en rørplate 2 som på begge sider er belagt med et
skumplastsjikt 14.
Fig. 9 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate, bestående av en rørplate 2 hvor det på begge sider er påskummet et plastsjikt 15. Fig. 10 viser et tevrrsnitt av en skumplastplate som på begge sider er forsynt med et dekksjikt 14 som er forbundet med rørplaten 2 ved hjelp av et skumplast-mellomsjikt 16. Fig. 11 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate hvor to rørplater 2 og 2a er forbundet med hverandre gjennom et skumplast-mellomsjikt 16. Fig. 12 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate ifølge fig. 11, som imidlertid i tillegg er belagt på begge sider med et skumplastsjikt 14. Fig. 13 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate, bestående av en rørplate 2 som på undersiden er forsynt med ribber i form av skumplast-rundstaver 17, eventuelt med et trådinnlegg. Fig. 14 viser en skumplastplate ifølge fig. 13, hvor oversiden av rørplaten 2 er pålaminert et ekstra dekksjikt 14. Fig. 15 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate som er påsveiset ribber bestående av tynnere skumplastrør 17. Oversiden av denne plate kan eventuelt være belagt med et skumplastdekksjikt 14. Fig. 16 viser et tverrsnitt av en skumplastplate hvor det i innbyrdes avstander, istedenfor i vanlige rør, er anordnet større rør 18 som rager utad på én side og derved tjener som ribber. På oversiden kan denne plate likeledes være belagt med et skumplastsjikt 14. Et tykkere og et tynnere rør kan med fordel være anordnet vekselvis, og det tykkere rør kan derved rage utad fra plateflaten såvel nede som oppe. Fig. 17 viser et perspektivriss av en rørplate bestående av rørformede skumplasthulprofiler med en ribbeformet ansats 19 på undersiden. Denne ribbeformede ansats kan være gjenomgående eller bortfrest med mellomrom idet utfresingen derved kan være foretatt i større eller relativt små avstander, slik at det fremkommer en nuppe- eller nippellignende oppleggsflate. Fig. 18 viser et tverrsnitt av en rørplate 2 som er fremstilt av "liggende", ovale skumplastisolasjonsrør. Fig. 19 viser et tverrsnitt av en rørplate 2 som er fremstilt av "stående", ovale skumplastisolasjonsrør, hvilket er spesielt foretrukket ifølge oppfinnelsen. Fig. 2 0 viser et tverrsnitt av en rørplate 2, fremstilt av firkantrør som er forbundet med hverandre langs hele sideflatene. Fig. 21 viser et tverrsnitt av en rørplate 2, fremstilt av firkantrør som er forbundet med hverandre langs hele sidekantene. Fig. 22 viser et tverrsnitt av to rørplater 2, 2a ifølge fig. 21, som er forbundet med hverandre gjennom et skumplast-mellomsjikt 16. De langsgående sider av firkantrørene som rager utad fra platen og ikke er forbundet med hverandre, fungerer som ribber. Fig. 2 3 viser en rørplate 2, fremstilt av trekantrør. På oversiden av en slik rørplate kan det med fordel være anordnet en ekstra, stiv eller fleksibel dekkplate av homogent eller oppskummet materiale. Fig. 24 viser to innbyrdes forbundne rørplater 2 ifølge fig. 23, som er anordnet ovenpå hverandre. De to rørplater kan med fordel være plassert vinkelrett mot hverandre i likhet med rørplaten 2 og 2a av runde skumplastrør, som er vist i f ig. 4. Fig. 25 viser en isolasjonsplate bestående av en relativt stiv dekkplate av homogent eller oppskummet materiale og en dermed forbundet, korrugert og fleksibel skumplastplate som eventuelt kan være ekstrudert i bølgeform eller utformet slik umiddelbart etter ekstruderingen. Selvsagt kan imidlertid dekkplaten forbindes permanent med en motsvarende, plan og fleksibel skumplastplate som ved stuking er påført bølgeform.
Det har videre vist seg fordelaktig at den korrugerte skumplastplate som er forbundet med den øvre dekkplate, dessuten er forbundet på undersiden med en stiv eller fleksibel dekkplate av homogent eller oppskummet materiale. Fig. 26 viser en isolasjonsplate bestående av to fleksible og korrugerte skumplastplater som er forbundet parallelt med hverandre på tilsvarende måte som vist i fig. 25. Det vil også i dette tilfellet være fordelaktig at isolasjonsplaten er forbundet med en dekkplate på oversiden og fortrinnsvis også på undersiden, som platen ifølge fig. 25. I tillegg kan de to korrugerte skumplastplater være innbyrdes forbundet langs midtsonen ved hjelp av en tredje, stiv eller fleksibel plate.
Fig. 27 viser to korrugerte skumplastplater, som tidligere beskrevet, som er forbundet med hverandre i innbyrdes vinkelrette stillinger og som likeledes kan være forsynt med øvre, nedre og midtre dekkplater som tidligere beskrevet i forbindelse med fig. 26.
I denne forbindelse påpekes generelt at samtlige av de hittil beskrevne og viste kombinasjoner som er opprettet ved hjelp av rørplater av runde skumplastrør, også" kan fremstilles ved anvendelse av alle de øvrige, viste hulprofiler og slike som er tenkbare.
For oppnåelse av en ytterligere forbedret lydisolasjon kan hulrommene i isolasjonsplaten med fordel fylles, helt eller delvis, med glassfiberstrenger og/eller andre fyllmaterialer. Videre kan såvel hulromveggene i hulprofilene som veggene i de hulrom som oppstår ved sammenføyningen av hulprofilene eller de korrugerte skumplastplater, påstrøes mer eller mindre tett med lange og/eller korte fibre. En lignende virkning kan imidlertid også oppnås ved at hulprofilenes innerflate eller ytterflaten av den korrugerte skumplastplate blir beskadiget under fremstillingen, d.v.s. oppskummingen, eller senere, i slik grad at det oppstår en opptrevlet overflate. Videre kan det i veggene av hulprofilene som tjener for fremstilling av rørplatene, innføres blykuler, skrapjernkuler eller småkuler av andre, meget tunge materialer, f.eks. ved innskyting.
I fig. 28 - 31 er det vist flere muligheter for frembringelse av en ytterligere forbedret lydisolasjon.
Fig. 28 viser et tverrsnitt av to rørplater 2, 2a som er forbundet med hverandre gjennom en superlettplate. Hulrommene i superlettplatens hulprofiler er slik utformet at deres åpne sider er lukket etter sammenføyningen med rørplatene 2, 2a. Fortrinnsvis er hulrommene i superlettplatens hulprofiler delvis fylt med lettflytende eller lettrislende, kornete materialer, f.eks. kvartssand. Selve superlettplatene tilvirkes f.eks. ved at flere skumplastrør sammensveises til en blokk hvorfra det deretter kappes plater av ønsket platetykkelse vertikalt og vinkelrett mot skumplastrørets lengdeakse. Fig. 29 viser et tverrsnitt av en isolasjonsplate bestående av rørplater 2, 2a som er forbunder med hverandre gjennom en homogen, stiv, halvstiv eller fleksibel plate av tunge materialer, eksempelvis bly. En slik konstruksjon kan med fordel sammensettes først på byggestedet, ved at rørplatene 2 først utlegges på rådekket, hvoretter betongplater utlegges som understøtter de ovenpåliggende rørplater 2a hvorpå pussdekket deretter påstøpes. Fig. 3 0 viser et tverrsnitt av en rørplate 2 med innlagte blystenger eller andre, tunge strengmaterialer, som om ønskelig kan brukes også til fremstilling av de tidligere beskrevne flersj ikts-isolasjonsplater.
Dessuten kan isolasjonsplatenes kanter, hvorfra hulrommene strekker seg gjennom platen, lukkes med profillister av samme skumplastmateriale som selve platen, hvilket i alle fall vil være tilfelle hvis isolasjonsplatens hulrom er helt eller delvis fylt av materialet som kan risle. Fyllingen kan derved også bestå av utskummede polysterol-småkuler eller andre småpartikler av skumplast. Profillistene kan bestå utelukkende av en skumplast-strimmel, eller ha form av en trinnfals, en hulkile eller hhv. en not eller fjær. Hulprofilene sammensveises fortrinnsvis ved hjelp av en anordning som vist i fig. 31 - 34. Fig. 31 viser et vertikalsnitt langs linjen C-D i fig. 32 av en gitterinnretning med tre sveiseanordninger for sammensveising av skumplastrør som er anordnet side om side og som i praksis er utlagt slik etter rørdiameteren, at ti til tyve rør kan sammen-sveises samtidig i ett plan. Fig. 32 viser et horisontalsnitt langs linjen A-B i fig. 31. Fig. 33 viser et vertikalsnitt av en gitterinnretning med en horisontaltstilt og tre vertikalstilte sveiseanordninger for samtidig sammensveising av skumplastrør som er anbragt ved siden av og over hverandre. Fig. 34 viser et skjematisk perspektivriss av den kileformede avstandsholder med en ovenforliggende, elektrisk oppvarmbar varmeleder i form av en metallstrimmel.
Sammensveisingen av hulprofilene og rørplatene samt på-sveisingen av profillister og enkeltrør gjennomføres fortrinnsvis ved at plastflaten som skal oppvarmes til smelting, ledes slik, ved hjelp av en avstandsholder, i avstand rundt en elektrisk oppvarmbar varmeleder som tjener som varmekilde, at plastflåtene som skal sammensveises, i samvirkning med avstandsholderen, danner en varmekanal som omgir varmekilden.
Anordningen består i hovedsak av en varmekilde med en foranliggende avstandsholder og en bakenforliggende innretning for sammentrykking av de ansmeltede flater. Varmekilden består fortrinnsvis av en elektrisk oppvarmbar varmeleder, særlig i form av en tråd eller metallstrimmel. Fortrinnsvis består tråden eller metallstrimmelen av en krom-nikkel-legering, en krom-nikkel-aluminium-legering eller en jern-krom-nikkel-legering. Selvsagt kan imidlertid også brukes andre metaller eller metall-legeringer eller ikke-metalliske varmeledere, såsom silisiumkarbid-varmeledere, som vanligvis finner anvendelse ved motstandsvarmeanlegg. Varmelederen oppvarmes til en temperatur som varierer innenfor et vidt område, f.eks. mellom 600 og 1200°C, i avhengighet av materialet som skal sammensveises og hastigheten hvormed plastflåtene som skal sammensveises, fremføres forbi varmelederen. Ved høye gjennomløpshastigheter og/eller tungtsmeltelige termoplastmaterialer kan det være fordelaktig eller nødvendig å innmontere to eller flere varmeledere i bevegelsesretningen for plastflåtene som skal sammensveises. For å forebygge nedhenging av varmelederen med derav følgende, ujevne varmeutstråling, foretrekkes at varmelederne, særlig hvis disse består av tråder eller metallstrimler, til enhver tid, d.v.s. også i oppvarmet tilstand, holdes strammet ved hjelp av en spennmekanisme. Denne spennmekanisme som fortrinnsvis også er konstruert som strømtilførselskontakt, er fortrinnsvis basert på utnyttelse av fjærkraften fra en strekk- eller trykkfjær. Ved en foretrukket utførelsesform kan strømtilførselen styres eller reguleres ved hjelp av et termoelement som er montert nær varmelederen.
For opprettelse av en varmekanal, og for at plastflåtene som skal sammensveises skal kunne ledes i en viss avstand forbi varmelederen uten å berøre denne, er det anordnet en avstandsholder umiddelbart foran varmelederen. Avstandsholderen- er fortrinnsvis kileformet og slik plassert at kilens skjærekant er vendt mot det fremførte materialet og kileryggen mot varmelederen. Lengden av kilen og av varmelederen bestemmes av bredden av flatene som skal sammensveises. Kilespissene er fortrinnsvis lett avrundet, for ikke å beskadige det fremførte materialet. Kileryggen er fortrinnsvis konveks med lengdekanter som likeledes er avrundet, for å unngå materialbeskadigelse. Kileryggen kan selvsagt være konkav, men i så fall må sidekantene også helst være avrundet. Da avstandsholderkilen samtidig tjener som varmeskjold, kan den med fordel være forsynt i sin lengde-retning med én eller flere utboringer eller kanaler, for at det gjennom avstandsholderkilen skal kunne ledes et kjølemedium hvis det oppstår risiko for overoppheting av avstandsholderkilen ved lengre tids drift.
Ved en annen utførelsesform kan avstandsholderen bestå av et valsepar, hvor valsediameter og valselengde er avhengig av de aktuelle krav. Ifølge oppfinnelsen vil avstandsholder-valsepar særlig kunne komme til anvendelse når eksempelvis relativt tykke og brede rørplater 2, 2a skal sammensveises, eller når isolasjons-platene skal belegges med motsvarende, homogene eller oppskummede folier, eller plater eller andre dekksjikt, for å redusere friksjonen ved avstandsholderen i størst mulig grad. Også ved anvendelse av avstandsholder-valsepar som fortrinnsvis vil være montert på kulelagere, kan det være ønskelig at disse blir avkjølt. I slike tilfeller er i hvert fall den ene av de to valser hul og slik konstruert at et kjølemedium kan ledes gjennom valsen.
Ved hjelp av avstandsholderen kan følgelig de plastflater som skal sammensveises, ledes i avstand forbi varmekilden, for oppsmelting av plastytterflåtene. Umiddelbart etter å ha passert varmekilden blir de smeltede ytterflater sammentrykket eller sammenpresset ved hjelp av motsvarende innretninger, eksempelvis trykkvalser. Etter avkjøling er sveiseprosessen fullført.
Da imidlertid sveiseanordningene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan være anbragt ikke bare ved siden av hverandre, men dessuten over hverandre, kan skumplastrørene sammensveises samtidig ved siden av hverandre og ovenpå hverandre ved hjelp av en slik gitterinn-retning, slik at det av skumplastrørene fremkommer plater eller blokker.
Sammensveisingen av skumplastrørene kan foregå som vist i fig. 31-34. Ved rammen 23 som eksempelvis er tilvirket av stålrør (se fig. 31 og 33) er de kileformede avstandsholdere 22 hvorav kileskjærene er synlige i fig. 31 og 33, anordnet vertikalt (se fig. 31) og dessuten horisontalt som vist i fig. 33. I midtstilling bak de kileformede avstandsholdere er det montert motsvarende varmeledere 21 (se fig. 32 og 34) som ved hjelp av ikke viste spennfjærinn-retninger til enhver tid holdes i strammet tilstand. Avstandene mellom de kileformede avstandsholdere 22 og rammens sidedeler 23 hvis innbyrdes avstand avtar noe i fremføringsretningen, er fortrinnsvis slik valgt at skumplastrørene vil være sammensveiset i bred flatekontakt etter å ha passert sveiseanordningen. For å utøve et ytterligere trykk mot de ansmeltede rørytterflater er det, fortrinnsvis umiddelbart bak sveiseanordningene og på tvers av eller vinkelrett mot fremføringsretningen, anordnet et valsepar med valser i innbyrdes avstand, hvorimellom skumplastrørene fremføres.
På samme måte som vist i fig. 31, kan selvsagt et antall sveiseanordninger være anbragt ved siden av hverandre slik at f.eks. 2 0 skumplastrør uten vanskeligheter kan sammensveises samtidig til en rørplate 2. Det samme gjelder for "gitterut-førelsen" ifølge fig. 3 3 som er innrettet for samtidig sammen-sveising av et antall rør som er plassert ved siden av og over hverandre. Av praktiske grunner kan det imidlertid være fordelaktig at 10 eller 2 0 skumplastrør som er beliggende side om side, først sammensveises samtidig på den måte som er vist i fig. 31, hvoretter de således frembragte rørplater 2, 2a sammensveises ovenpå hverandre som vist i fig. 33, men uten de vertikalstilte sveiseanordninger.
Isolasjonsplatene kan imidlertid også fremstilles ved direkte ekstrusjonssveising. Ved denne konti-nuerlige-fremgangsmåte blir det oppskumbare plastmaterialet, fortrinnsvis polyetylen, ekstrudert sammen med ekspansjonsmidler gjennom motsvarende dyser og får deretter fritt oppskummes i ytterluften til skumplastrør. Hvis det ved utøvelse av denne fremgangsmåte anordnes et antall dyser ved siden av og/eller over hverandre slik at rørene under oppskummingen, som allerede finner sted umiddelbart bakenfor dysen, berører hverandre gjensidig, og det sørges for at de dessuten også tvinges mot hverandre, eksempelvis ved hjelp av hensiktsmessig plasserte valsepar, vil de ønskede isolasjonsplater fremstilles "i ett trekk". Sammen-sveisingseffekten kan eventuelt forsterkes ytterligere ved at det direkte bak dyseutløpet monteres ekstra varmeelementer for eventuell gjenoppsmelting av den rørytterhinne som dannes ved oppskummingen. Slike varmeelementer kan bestå av elektrisk oppvarmede tråder eller metallstrimler, men også av innretninger som leverer varmluft.
Følgende to eksempler på materialer er tatt med for å belyse oppfinnelsen ytterligere:
Eksempel 1
Fleksible rør av polyetylenskumplast med en innerdiameter av 8 mm, en ytterdiameter av 24 mm og en romvekt av 19 kg/m<3 >sammensveises til en rørplate 2.
Ved prøving av den dynamiske stivhet ifølge DIN 52214 fremkommer følgende verdier:
uten dekkpapir : s' = 7 MN/m<3>
med dekkpapir : s' = 6 MN/m<3>
Eksempel 2
To rørplater 2 og 2a, tilvirket som angitt i eksempel 1, sammensveises som vist i fig. 4, slik at lengdeaksene for rørene i den nedre rørplate 2 forløper vinkelrett mot lengdeaksene for rørene i den ovenpåliggende rørplate 2a. Ved denne korsvise plassering av rørplatene 2, 2a fremkommer, ved prøving av den dynamiske stivhet ifølge DIN 52214 følgende verdier:
uten dekkpapir : s' = 3 MN/m<3>
med dekkpapir : s' = 3 MN/m<3>
Claims (13)
1. Anvendelse av plater av skumplastmateriale som innvendig er anordnet med et større antall hulrom som fra den ene platekant strekker seg vinkelrett eller skrått mot en overforliggende platekant, som luft - og trinnlydisolasjonsdempning for flytende pussdekker eller flytende tregulv.
2. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i krav 1, hvor hulrommene forløper innbyrdes parallelt i et plan.
3. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i krav 2, der de parallelt forløpende hulrom er anordnet ovenfor hverandre i to eller flere plan.
4. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i ett av kravene 1-3, hvor de innbyrdes parallelle hulrom i et plan forløper vinkelrett mot hverandre fra plan til plan.
5. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i ett av kravene 1 - 4, der hulrommene er sylinderformet med rundt eller ovalt tverrsnitt.
6. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i ett av kravene 1-5, der de åpne hulrom ved kantene er lukket.
7. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i ett av kravene 1-6, der platesiden som er vendt mot rådekket og eventuelt også platesiden som er vendt mot pussdekket, er forsynt med ribber eller nupper.
8. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i ett av kravene 1 - 7, der hulrommene er helt eller delvis fylt eller bestrødd med fiberstrenger, uordnede fiberblandinger eller småkuler av skumplast.
9. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i ett av kravene 1-8, der den består av sammensveisede eller sammenklebede hulprofiler og fortrinnsvis skumplastrør.
10. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i ett av kravene 1-9, der skumplastmaterialet er fleksibelt, med lukkede celler, at cellediameteren er mindre enn 0,3 mm, at romvekten utgjør 15-25 kg/m<3> og at gjenopprettelsesevnen er stor.
11. Anvendelse av plate som angitt i ett av kravene 1-10, der skumplastmaterialet består av polyolefiner, særlig polyetylen og polypropylen eller av kopolymerer av disse i forening med andre, polymeriserbare stoffer.
12. Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av skumplastplater for anvendelse som angitt i krav 1-11 ved kontinuerlig sammen-sveising, flate mot flate, av elastiske, oppskummede hulprofiler, særlig skumplastrør, av termoplastmaterialer hvorved plastflåtene som skal sammensveises, først blir smeltet og deretter sammentrykket, karakterisert ved at plastflatene som skal oppvarmes til smelting blir ledet slik, ved hjelp av en avstandsholder, i avstand rundt den elektrisk oppvarmede varmeleder som tjener som varmekilde, at plastflatene som skal sammensveises danner, i forening med avstandsholderen, en varmekanal som omgir varmekilden.
13. Sveiseanordning for utøvelse av fremgangsmåten ifølge krav 12, karakterisert ved at den omfatter minst én elektrisk oppvarmbar varmekilde (21) med en foranliggende avstandsholder (22) , og en innretning for sammenpressing av de ansmeltedé ytterflater.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19853541052 DE3541052A1 (de) | 1985-11-19 | 1985-11-19 | Schaumstoffplatten und -bloecke aus hohlprofilen, deren herstellung, sowie deren verwendung als isolier- und/oder drainageplatten |
DE3622581 | 1986-07-04 |
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NO864597D0 NO864597D0 (no) | 1986-11-18 |
NO864597L NO864597L (no) | 1987-05-20 |
NO171176B true NO171176B (no) | 1992-10-26 |
NO171176C NO171176C (no) | 1993-02-03 |
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NO864597A NO171176C (no) | 1985-11-19 | 1986-11-18 | Anvendelse av plater av skumplastmateriale som innvendig er anordnet med et stoerre antall hulrom |
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US (1) | US4753841A (no) |
BE (1) | BE905766A (no) |
CA (1) | CA1272964A (no) |
CH (1) | CH674534A5 (no) |
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IT (1) | IT1198124B (no) |
LU (1) | LU86659A1 (no) |
NL (1) | NL8602938A (no) |
NO (1) | NO171176C (no) |
SE (1) | SE466554B (no) |
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1986
- 1986-11-12 LU LU86659A patent/LU86659A1/de unknown
- 1986-11-12 US US06/929,411 patent/US4753841A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-11-17 FR FR8615958A patent/FR2590298B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-11-17 SE SE8604910A patent/SE466554B/sv not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-11-18 BE BE0/217418A patent/BE905766A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-11-18 NO NO864597A patent/NO171176C/no unknown
- 1986-11-18 GR GR862734A patent/GR862734B/el unknown
- 1986-11-18 ES ES8603079A patent/ES2002069A6/es not_active Expired
- 1986-11-19 DK DK554186A patent/DK554186A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 1986-11-19 IT IT2239486A patent/IT1198124B/it active
- 1986-11-19 GB GB8627593A patent/GB2185049B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2590298B1 (fr) | 1991-11-08 |
NL8602938A (nl) | 1987-06-16 |
BE905766A (fr) | 1987-03-16 |
NO171176C (no) | 1993-02-03 |
SE466554B (sv) | 1992-03-02 |
DK554186A (da) | 1987-05-20 |
NO864597D0 (no) | 1986-11-18 |
DK554186D0 (da) | 1986-11-19 |
CH674534A5 (no) | 1990-06-15 |
IT8622394A1 (it) | 1988-05-19 |
LU86659A1 (de) | 1987-05-04 |
FI864708A0 (fi) | 1986-11-19 |
US4753841A (en) | 1988-06-28 |
FI864708A (fi) | 1987-05-20 |
IT1198124B (it) | 1988-12-21 |
CA1272964A (en) | 1990-08-21 |
GB2185049A (en) | 1987-07-08 |
ES2002069A6 (es) | 1988-07-01 |
FR2590298A1 (fr) | 1987-05-22 |
NO864597L (no) | 1987-05-20 |
IT8622394A0 (it) | 1986-11-19 |
SE8604910D0 (sv) | 1986-11-17 |
GR862734B (en) | 1987-03-19 |
SE8604910L (sv) | 1987-05-20 |
GB8627593D0 (en) | 1986-12-17 |
GB2185049B (en) | 1990-04-11 |
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