NO146625B - HOLE, SEMI-TRANSFERABLE FIBER CALCULATED FOR APPLICATION BY SEPARATION OF FLUID AND USE THEREOF - Google Patents

HOLE, SEMI-TRANSFERABLE FIBER CALCULATED FOR APPLICATION BY SEPARATION OF FLUID AND USE THEREOF Download PDF

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Publication number
NO146625B
NO146625B NO784013A NO784013A NO146625B NO 146625 B NO146625 B NO 146625B NO 784013 A NO784013 A NO 784013A NO 784013 A NO784013 A NO 784013A NO 146625 B NO146625 B NO 146625B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
bow
slot
underside
vessel
bows
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NO784013A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO146625C (en
NO784013L (en
Inventor
Richard L Leonard
Original Assignee
Monsanto Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Monsanto Co filed Critical Monsanto Co
Publication of NO784013L publication Critical patent/NO784013L/en
Publication of NO146625B publication Critical patent/NO146625B/en
Publication of NO146625C publication Critical patent/NO146625C/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/447—Yarns or threads for specific use in general industrial applications, e.g. as filters or reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
    • B01D69/084—Undulated fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Description

Anordning ved luftputefartøy. Device for hovercraft.

Oppfinnelsen vedrører en anordning ved stort sett rektangulært formede amfi-biefartøyer for i det vesentlige anvendelse som sjøfartøy og anordnet for å understøt-tes svevende over en flate med hjelp av fra spalter i fartøyets underside avgitte stråletepper av strømmende fluidum der danner en eller flere luftputer mellom nevnte flate og fartøyets underside, og omfattende en foran en forreste tverrgående spalte beliggende baug, som på undersiden av utformet med minst tre i sideretning adskilte og i forhold til fartøyets langsgående midtlinje symmetrisk beliggende stevner. Ifølge et karakteristisk trekk ved oppfinnelsen kjennetegnes denne ved at spalten i det minste over en vesentlig del av sin lengde forløper langs en ipidevingeformet brutt linje, hvor spisser er rettet fremover, og at de på baugens underside utformede stevner ligger forskjøvne akterover i forhold til hverandre, slik at deres hydrodynamiske løftesentra ligger på en forenfor spalten forløpende pilevingeformet brutt linje, hvor spisser er rettet forover. The invention relates to a device for largely rectangular-shaped amphibious vessels for essentially use as sea vessels and arranged to be supported floating over a surface with the help of jet carpets of flowing fluid emitted from slits in the underside of the vessel, which form one or more air cushions between said surface and the underside of the vessel, and comprising a bow located in front of a front transverse slot, which on the underside is designed with at least three lateral bows separated and in relation to the longitudinal centerline of the vessel symmetrically situated. According to a characteristic feature of the invention, it is characterized by the fact that the slit, at least over a significant part of its length, runs along a broken line in the shape of an ibis wing, where the tips are directed forward, and that the prows formed on the underside of the bow are offset aft in relation to each other, so that their hydrodynamic centers of lift lie on a broken arrow-wing-shaped line running in front of the slot, the tips of which are directed forwards.

Oppfinnelsen skal nedenfor beskrives nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, hvor: Fig. 1 viser i perspektiv sett underifra et fartøy forsynt med en anordning ifølge oppfinnelsen. Fig. 2 viser fartøyet sett fra siden. Fig. 3 er et vertikalt lengdesnitt gjennom fartøyet etter en linje III—III i fig. 1. Fig. 4 er et vertikalt tverrsnitt gjennom fartøyet etter en linje IV—IV i fig. 2. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawing, where: Fig. 1 shows a perspective view from below of a vessel equipped with a device according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows the vessel seen from the side. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section through the vessel along a line III—III in fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section through the vessel along a line IV—IV in fig. 2.

Fartøyet har stort sett rektangulær plan form og omfatter et flytskrog 1, som fortil går over i et baugparti 2. I flyteskroget er anordnet to langsgående spalter 3 og 4, en forreste tverrgående spalte 5 og en aktere tverrgående spalte 6, hvilke spalter danner en rundtgående i skrogets underside utmunnende spalte, som avgrenser en innerbunn 7. I bunnen er tatt ut en langsgående midtspalte 8, som er forlenget ned-ad ved hjelp av et par på bunnens underside anordnete spaltedannende veggdeler 9, samt tverrspalter 10, som hver har en fra bunnflaten nedragende forreste spalte-veggdel 11. The vessel has a largely rectangular planar shape and comprises a floating hull 1, which at the front merges into a bow section 2. The floating hull has two longitudinal slits 3 and 4, a forward transverse slit 5 and an aft transverse slit 6, which slits form a circumferential slot opening in the underside of the hull, which delimits an inner bottom 7. A longitudinal central slot 8 is taken out in the bottom, which is extended downwards by means of a pair of slot-forming wall parts 9 arranged on the underside of the bottom, as well as transverse slots 10, each of which has a front slot-wall part extending down the bottom surface 11.

I et luftinntak 12 i en overbygning 13 på fartøyet er anordnet en av en ikke vist motor drevet propell 14. Luftinntaket 12 kommuniserer via kanaler 15 med oven-nevn spalter, slik at når propellen er i drift, avgis strømmende luft fra spaltene i form av stråletepper 16 der danner luftputer som svevende understøtter fartøyet over en flate. In an air intake 12 in a superstructure 13 on the vessel, a propeller 14 driven by a motor not shown is arranged. The air intake 12 communicates via channels 15 with the above-mentioned slits, so that when the propeller is in operation, flowing air is emitted from the slits in the form of beam blankets 16 there form air cushions which float and support the vessel over a surface.

Som det fremgår av fig. 1 forløper den forreste tverrgående spalte 5 stort sett langs en pileformet brutt linje, hvor spisser er rettet fremad. Baugens forkant forløper likeledes langs en pilformet brutt linje, fra hvilken den går akterover med en plan As can be seen from fig. 1, the front transverse slot 5 extends largely along an arrow-shaped broken line, the tips of which are directed forwards. The leading edge of the bow likewise runs along an arrow-shaped broken line, from which it goes aft with a plane

dekk-dannende overside og nedover og akterover med en i den forreste brutte spaltes deck-forming upper side and down and aft with one in the front broken splits

åpning sluttende underside, idet baugens aktere ende er anordnet for å danne den forreste brutt spaltes forreste spaltevegg, som er betegnet med 17 i fig. 3. opening ending underside, the aft end of the bow being arranged to form the front split wall of the front broken slot, which is denoted by 17 in fig. 3.

På baugens underside er dannet tre i sideretning adskilte stevner, nemlig en midtstevn 18 og et par symmetrisk beliggende sidestevner 19, som strekker seg nedover fra baugens forkant og går aktertil over i den brutte spaltes forreste vegg 17. Stevnen er hydrodynamisk utformet med V-formet bunn og skarpe slaglinjer 20 i sid-ene og ligger forskjøvet slik akterover i forhold til hverandre at deres hydrodynamiske løftesentra, som er betegnet med 21 i fig. 1, ligger på en forenfor den brutte spalte 5 forløpende pilevingeformet brutt linje 22, med spisse i midtstevnen. On the underside of the bow, three laterally separated bows are formed, namely a center bow 18 and a pair of symmetrically located side bows 19, which extend downwards from the forward edge of the bow and go aft into the front wall 17 of the broken slot. The bow is hydrodynamically designed with a V-shaped bottom and sharp strike lines 20 in the sides and are offset so aft in relation to each other that their hydrodynamic centers of lift, which are denoted by 21 in fig. 1, is located on a broken line 22 in the shape of a willow wing extending in front of the broken slot 5, with a point in the middle bow.

Den bakre med 23 betegnete spaltevegg i den forreste brutte spalte dannes som det best sees av fig. 3 av innerbunnens forreste ende. Ifølge et ytterligere kjenne-tegn for oppfinnelsen er innerbunnen opp-høyet i flyteskroget slik at den brutte spaltes spalteutløp vil danne et trinn mellom den nedre kanten av baugen med stevnene og innerbunnen. På fartøyets underside er anordnet et par langsgående sidemeier 24, som strekker seg langs bunnens sider og med avbrudd for den brutte spalte går over i de to sidestevnene. The rear with 23 labeled slot wall in the front broken slot is formed as can best be seen from fig. 3 of the front end of the inner bottom. According to a further characteristic of the invention, the inner bottom is raised in the floating hull so that the slot outlet of the broken slot will form a step between the lower edge of the bow with the bows and the inner bottom. On the vessel's underside, a pair of longitudinal side screeds 24 are arranged, which extend along the sides of the bottom and, with interruptions for the broken gap, pass into the two side fairings.

På grunn av at de tre stevnenes hydrodynamiske løftesentrum anordnes på en symmetrisk pilvingeformet brutt linje med spissen vendt forover, oppnås at en rett forfra kommende bølge først treffer bare midtstevnen og deretter med intervall av noen tiendedeler av et sekund de to sidestevner. Ved skrått forfra kommende bøl-ger vil disse i avhengighet av deres retning først treffe to av stevnene samtidig, og deretter den tredje eller først bare en av stevnene, og deretter de to andre med inn-byrdes tidsintervall. Ved avpassning av pil-vinkelen slik at forskyvningen i lengderet-ning mellom stevnenes hydrodynamiske løftesentrum blir proporsjonal med anløps-hastigheten for møtende bølger innenfor et for fartøyet bestemt hastighetsområde, kan den resulterende vannanslagskraft vesentlig reduseres. Stevnenes utformning med V-bunn og skarpe slaglinjer reduserer også bølgenes støtkraft på fartøyet, spe-sielt ved svært hårde støt mot baugen, når de skarpe slaglinjene på stevnene bidrar til at vannet slipper fra baugen mellom stevnene eller danner en vann-luftbland-ing, som mildner vannstøtkraften på baugens underside. Due to the fact that the hydrodynamic lifting center of the three bows is arranged on a symmetrical arrow-wing-shaped broken line with the tip facing forward, it is achieved that a wave coming straight from the front first hits only the middle bow and then with an interval of a few tenths of a second the two side bows. In the case of waves coming obliquely from the front, these will, depending on their direction, first hit two of the assemblies at the same time, and then the third or first only one of the assemblies, and then the other two with time intervals between them. By adjusting the arrow angle so that the displacement in the longitudinal direction between the bows' hydrodynamic center of lift becomes proportional to the approach speed of oncoming waves within a speed range determined for the vessel, the resulting water impact force can be significantly reduced. The design of the bows with a V-bottom and sharp stroke lines also reduces the shock force of the waves on the vessel, especially in the case of very hard impacts against the bow, when the sharp bow lines on the bows contribute to the water escaping from the bow between the bows or forming a water-air mixture, which softens the water shock force on the underside of the bow.

Anordningen av den forreste brutte spalte som et trinn mellom baugen med stevnene og den opphøyete innerbunn, er særskilt fordelaktig ved at bæreflatene for de tre stevnene blir tydelig avgrenset, hvil-ket er egnet til å begrense støtkraftens størrelse ved baugstøt mot bølgene på grunn av at vannet slipper ved trinnet. Videre oppnås ved den opphøyete innerbunn at de største bølger som passerer under det luftpute-understøttede fartøy vil slå opp mot fartøyets bunn i vesentlig re-dusert grad med minsket støtkraft og mot-stand som resultat. The arrangement of the front broken slot as a step between the bow with the sterns and the raised inner bottom is particularly advantageous in that the bearing surfaces for the three sterns are clearly defined, which is suitable for limiting the magnitude of the shock force when the bow hits the waves because the water escapes at the step. Furthermore, the raised inner bottom ensures that the largest waves that pass under the air cushion-supported vessel will hit the vessel's bottom to a significantly reduced extent, with reduced impact force and resistance as a result.

Selvom ovenfor er beskrevet og på tegningen er vist bare en utførelse, er det klart at oppfinnelsen ikke må anses begrenset til denne, men modifikasjoner kan utføres innenfor rammen for den i påstandene an-gitte oppfinnelsestanke. Således kan ved foreliggende fartøy med flere på baugen utformete stevner, disses hydrodynamiske løftesentrum ligge på en pilevingeformet brutt linje som er brutt i flere trinn, slik at ytterligere avpassete tidsintervall til-veiebringes mellom støtimpulsene på de individuelle stevner, og dermed minsket resulterende støtkraft på baugen. Although the above has been described and only one embodiment is shown in the drawing, it is clear that the invention must not be considered limited to this, but modifications can be made within the framework of the inventive idea stated in the claims. Thus, in the present vessel with several bows designed on the bow, its hydrodynamic center of lift can lie on an arrow-wing-shaped broken line that is broken in several steps, so that further adjusted time intervals are provided between the impact impulses on the individual bows, and thus the resulting impact force on the bow is reduced .

Claims (2)

1. Anordning ved stort sett rektangulært formete amfibiefartøyer anordent for å understøttes svevende over en flate med hjelp av fra spalter i fartøyets underside avgitte stråletepper av strømmende fluidum hvorved dannes en eller flere luftputer mellom nevnte flate og fartøyets underside, og omfattende en forenfor en forreste tverrgående spalte (5) beliggende baug (2), som på undersiden er utformet med minst tre i sideretning adskilte og i forhold til fartøyets langsgående midtlinje symmetrisk beliggende stevner (18, 19), karakterisert ved at spalten (5) i det minste over en vesentlig del av sin lengde forløper langs en pilvingeformet brutt linje, hvor spissene er rettet fremad, og at de på baugpartiets underside utformete stevner ligger forskjøvet akterover i forhold til hverandre slik at deres hydrodynamiske løftesentra (21) ligger på en forenfor spalten forløpende pilvingeformet brutt linje (22), hvor spissene er rettet forover.1. Device for largely rectangular-shaped amphibious vessels designed to be supported floating above a surface with the help of jet carpets of flowing fluid emitted from slits in the vessel's underside, whereby one or more air cushions are formed between said surface and the vessel's underside, and comprising a front transverse slot (5) located bow (2), which on the underside is designed with at least three laterally separated and in relation to the vessel's longitudinal centerline symmetrically located bows (18, 19), characterized in that the slot (5) at least over a substantial part of its length runs along an arrow-wing-shaped broken line, where the tips are directed forward, and that the bows formed on the underside of the bow section are offset aft in relation to each other so that their hydrodynamic lift centers (21) lie on an arrow-wing-shaped broken line running in front of the slot ( 22), where the tips are directed forwards. 2. Anordning ifølge påstand 1, karakterisert ved at spalten med sin forreste vegg (17) går over i baugen (2) med stevnene (18, 19) og med sin aktere vegg (23) går over i en aktenfor baugen beliggende opphøyet innerbunn (7) på en slik måte at spalteutløpet danner et trinn mellom baugens underkant og innerbunnen. Anførte publikasjoner:2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot with its front wall (17) passes into the bow (2) with the bows (18, 19) and with its aft wall (23) passes into a raised inner bottom located aft of the bow ( 7) in such a way that the slot outlet forms a step between the lower edge of the bow and the inner bottom. Cited publications:
NO784013A 1977-11-30 1978-11-29 HOLE, SEMI-TRANSFERABLE FIBER CALCULATED FOR USE BY SEPARATION OF FLUID AND USE THEREOF NO146625C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85585077A 1977-11-30 1977-11-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO784013L NO784013L (en) 1979-05-31
NO146625B true NO146625B (en) 1982-08-02
NO146625C NO146625C (en) 1982-11-10

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NO784013A NO146625C (en) 1977-11-30 1978-11-29 HOLE, SEMI-TRANSFERABLE FIBER CALCULATED FOR USE BY SEPARATION OF FLUID AND USE THEREOF

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JP (1) JPS583047B2 (en)
AU (1) AU510106B2 (en)
BE (1) BE872380A (en)
BR (1) BR7807845A (en)
CA (1) CA1114307A (en)
DD (1) DD140000A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2851687C2 (en)
ES (2) ES475458A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2410494B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2009034B (en)
GR (1) GR67310B (en)
IL (1) IL56081A (en)
IN (1) IN149938B (en)
IT (1) IT1192290B (en)
LU (1) LU80600A1 (en)
NL (1) NL7811649A (en)
NO (1) NO146625C (en)
PT (1) PT68842A (en)
SE (1) SE7812302L (en)
SU (1) SU1022650A3 (en)
TR (1) TR20777A (en)
ZA (1) ZA786707B (en)

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US6322703B1 (en) * 1999-04-20 2001-11-27 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Method for purifying aqueous suspension
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EP2815807A1 (en) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Gambro Lundia AB Capillary dialyzer comprising crimped hollow fibres
PL3427814T3 (en) * 2014-02-06 2023-01-02 Gambro Lundia Ab Hemodialyzer for blood purification
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DE102016002440A1 (en) 2016-03-01 2017-09-07 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Hollow fiber membrane with three-dimensional curl
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU80600A1 (en) 1979-06-15
FR2410494A1 (en) 1979-06-29
AU4202778A (en) 1979-06-28
JPS583047B2 (en) 1983-01-19
JPS5488317A (en) 1979-07-13
ES475458A1 (en) 1980-01-16
SU1022650A3 (en) 1983-06-07
BR7807845A (en) 1979-07-31
DE2851687C2 (en) 1983-05-11
DE2851687A1 (en) 1979-05-31
IT1192290B (en) 1988-03-31
IL56081A0 (en) 1979-01-31
CA1114307A (en) 1981-12-15
IT7830319A0 (en) 1978-11-29
NO146625C (en) 1982-11-10
SE7812302L (en) 1979-05-31
GB2009034B (en) 1982-04-15
IN149938B (en) 1982-06-12
BE872380A (en) 1979-05-29
ES480626A1 (en) 1980-01-16
GB2009034A (en) 1979-06-13
FR2410494B1 (en) 1986-05-02
DD140000A5 (en) 1980-02-06
ZA786707B (en) 1979-10-31
NL7811649A (en) 1979-06-01
GR67310B (en) 1981-06-29
TR20777A (en) 1982-07-01
NO784013L (en) 1979-05-31
PT68842A (en) 1978-12-01
IL56081A (en) 1982-07-30
AU510106B2 (en) 1980-06-05

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