NO131551B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO131551B NO131551B NO1246/71A NO124671A NO131551B NO 131551 B NO131551 B NO 131551B NO 1246/71 A NO1246/71 A NO 1246/71A NO 124671 A NO124671 A NO 124671A NO 131551 B NO131551 B NO 131551B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- color
- electrolyte
- different
- salts
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-n-(2-methyl-6-sulfanylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1S WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenic acid Chemical compound O[Se](O)(=O)=O QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019646 color tone Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017770 Cu—Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017639 MgSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 amino- Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006103 coloring component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(I) nitrate Inorganic materials [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/20—Electrolytic after-treatment
- C25D11/22—Electrolytic after-treatment for colouring layers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electrochemical Coating By Surface Reaction (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH486770A CH535835A (de) | 1970-04-02 | 1970-04-02 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Einfärbung von Oxidschichten auf Aluminium und seinen Legierungen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO131551B true NO131551B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-03-10 |
| NO131551C NO131551C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-06-18 |
Family
ID=4283933
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO1246/71A NO131551C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-04-02 | 1971-04-01 |
Country Status (12)
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3963591A (en) * | 1971-06-17 | 1976-06-15 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Method of coloring of anodized aluminum and aluminum alloys by electrolytic treatment in the metal salt solutions |
| JPS5249408B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1972-11-21 | 1977-12-17 | ||
| FR2219437B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1973-02-23 | 1975-08-22 | Pechiney Aluminium | |
| US3977948A (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1976-08-31 | Iongraf, S.A. | Process for coloring, by electrolysis, an anodized aluminum or aluminum alloy piece |
| JPS5334107B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1974-04-23 | 1978-09-19 | ||
| JPS529644A (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1977-01-25 | Nippon Light Metal Co | Process for coloring aluminum or its alloy |
| NO762506L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1975-07-24 | 1977-01-25 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | |
| JPS5245545A (en) * | 1975-08-29 | 1977-04-11 | Shokosha Kk | Dyeing process for aluminum and its alloy |
| JPS5228436A (en) * | 1975-08-29 | 1977-03-03 | Shokosha Kk | Dyeing process for aluminum and its alloy |
| US4251330A (en) * | 1978-01-17 | 1981-02-17 | Alcan Research And Development Limited | Electrolytic coloring of anodized aluminium by means of optical interference effects |
| IN151147B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1978-01-17 | 1983-02-26 | Alcan Res & Dev | |
| US4230539A (en) * | 1979-07-09 | 1980-10-28 | Fujikura Cable Works, Ltd. | Method for surface treatment of anodic oxide film |
| ES8103205A1 (es) * | 1980-04-22 | 1981-02-16 | Empresa Nacional Aluminio | Proceso para colorear electroliticamente el aluminio y sus aleaciones |
| US4430169A (en) | 1982-03-04 | 1984-02-07 | Woods Jack L | Method of producing green coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US5674371A (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1997-10-07 | Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited | Process for electrolytically treating aluminum and compositions therefor |
| DE4244021A1 (de) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-30 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Wechselstromeinfärbung von Aluminiumoberflächen |
| DE102005051755A1 (de) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-10 | Clariant International Limited | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Lichtechtheit von gefärbten Aluminiumoxidschichten |
| IT1400277B1 (it) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-05-24 | Librizzi | Lega di alluminio |
| US20130153427A1 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-20 | Apple Inc. | Metal Surface and Process for Treating a Metal Surface |
| EP3421646A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-02 | EMPA Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt | Colouring method of aluminium alloy member |
| EP3553208A1 (de) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-10-16 | DURA Operating, LLC | Verfahren zum herstellen eines aluminiumbauteils mit einer farbigen oberfläche |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA662063A (en) * | 1963-04-30 | Asada Tahei | Process for inorganically coloring aluminium | |
| US3382160A (en) * | 1960-03-31 | 1968-05-07 | Asada Tahei | Process for inorganically coloring aluminum |
| FR1596808A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1968-12-06 | 1970-06-22 | ||
| US3654100A (en) * | 1969-05-31 | 1972-04-04 | Riken Almite Industry Co Ltd | Process of forming colored anode oxidized film on aluminummaterial |
| AT286056B (de) * | 1969-08-22 | 1970-11-25 | Christof Piesslinger Fa | Verfahren und Farblösung zum Färben von anodisch oxydierten Gegenständen aus Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen |
-
1970
- 1970-04-02 CH CH486770A patent/CH535835A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-03-26 SE SE7103984A patent/SE373607B/xx unknown
- 1971-03-29 BE BE764954A patent/BE764954A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-03-31 DK DK152971A patent/DK144481C/da active
- 1971-04-01 FI FI710923A patent/FI51501C/fi active
- 1971-04-01 NO NO1246/71A patent/NO131551C/no unknown
- 1971-04-01 AT AT279671A patent/AT323497B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-04-01 US US00130484A patent/US3787295A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-04-01 FR FR7111554A patent/FR2085799B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-04-02 NL NLAANVRAGE7104433,A patent/NL175200C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-04-02 DE DE19712116251 patent/DE2116251B2/de not_active Ceased
- 1971-04-19 GB GB2637671*A patent/GB1342776A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2085799B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-03-21 |
| BE764954A (fr) | 1971-08-16 |
| GB1342776A (en) | 1974-01-03 |
| FR2085799A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-12-31 |
| NL7104433A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-10-05 |
| NL175200C (nl) | 1984-10-01 |
| DE2116251B2 (de) | 1977-01-27 |
| NL175200B (nl) | 1984-05-01 |
| SE373607B (sv) | 1975-02-10 |
| DK144481B (da) | 1982-03-15 |
| DE2116251A1 (de) | 1971-10-14 |
| US3787295A (en) | 1974-01-22 |
| NO131551C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-06-18 |
| CH535835A (de) | 1973-04-15 |
| AT323497B (de) | 1975-07-10 |
| FI51501B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-09-30 |
| DK144481C (da) | 1982-08-30 |
| FI51501C (fi) | 1977-01-10 |
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