NL8201181A - MATERIAL FOR PROTECTING THE HUMAN BODY FROM HARMFUL OR TOXIC CHEMICAL. - Google Patents

Description

u'ai i

Br / Bl / lh / 7

Material for protecting the human body from harmful or toxic chemical.

The invention relates to a material for protecting the human body from harmful or toxic chemicals, such as phosphorus-containing agricultural chemicals.

When, for example, phosphorus-containing agrochemicals are applied to rice fields by scattering, workers suffer severely from the harmful or toxic action of the chemicals through their skin. To avoid such harmful or toxic effect, workers usually wear special work clothes, which protect them from the chemicals, namely protective garments.

It is generally required that the material from which protective garments are made fulfill two functions, namely, the protection function and the wearability function, which are contradictory to each other. When only the protection function is considered, a rubberized cloth is useful as such a material. However, the rubberized cloth is not suitable from the aspect of the portability function because it is too heavy and short in softness. Due to the lack of gas permeability, it prevents the removal of perspiration moisture or its vapor, so that the human body is exposed to a thermal load.

To overcome these drawbacks, it has been proposed to direct an air flow into a protective garment using a blower pump to make the pressure inside the protective garment higher than the pressure outside it. This proposal does not reduce the weight of the protective garment, so the wearability is inferior.

A harmful or toxic chemical usually occurs in 8201181 -2-4 in a vaporous or liquid state. The material to be used for the manufacture of the protective coverings (hereinafter referred to as "protective material") should therefore prevent a harmful or toxic phemic substance in the vaporous or liquid state from penetrating to the inside, while on the other hand should allow easy dissipation of perspiration or vapor thereof and allow easy release of heat from the interior Furthermore, it should have a light weight and be thin and soft to ensure good portability, advantageously it also has excellent mechanical strength, such as tensile strength and tear strength, to enable repeated use thereof Advantageously, it also has a strong water and oil repellent character, while retaining a good adsorbing capacity for a long time.

According to the invention, there is now provided a protective material which is not only satisfactory with regard to the protective function, but also with regard to the portability function, and which additionally excels with regard to the various physical properties, as stated above.

The protective material of the invention consists of a cloth layer, the apparent density on one of the surfaces of which is less than that of the cloth layer in total, and an active carbon layer, which is formed on the other surface of the cloth layer as a whole. is present. Preferably, the surface of the fabric layer, which should have a lower apparent density, is formed as a roughened or pile layer to give an overall density of 0.08-0.30 g / g to the fabric layer as a whole. cm and impart an apparent density of 0.05-0.20 g / cm to the roughened or pooled layer. It is furthermore advantageous that the cloth layer has a good gas permeability as well as a high heat transport number. It is also advantageous that the cloth layer is given a water and oil-repellent character. The term "roughened layer" as used above is intended to mean a down layer 8201181-3-tf *, which is formed, for example, by roughening the surface of the cloth with needles and the like, which down layer has an average down length of not less than 0.3 mm. The term "pile-coated layer" is intended to mean a layer of systematically looped fibers or yarns on the surface of a fabric or knit and includes the so-called "cut pile", the loops once formed using knives and the like are cut.

The protective material according to the invention has a sufficient gas permeability and yet can effectively adsorb a harmful or toxic chemical in the vaporous state on the activated carbon layer.

The cloth layer serves to prevent the penetration of the chemical 15 in the liquid state. Thus, in the liquid state, the chemical is trapped by the cloth layer, in particular on the roughened or pile-coated layer, which is present on the surface thereof, to evaporate there, after which the evaporated chemical becomes on the active carbon layer adsorbed. When the cloth layer is given a water and oil-repellent character, this trapping effect is greatly improved. The adsorbent capacity of the activated carbon layer is reduced when the chemical adheres to it in a liquid state. Such a reduction is effectively prevented by the presence of the cloth layer. Advantageously, the protective material is lightweight and soft, and therefore does not adversely affect the portability function.

The protective material according to the invention 2 usually has a weight of not more than 500 g / cm, 2 preferably not more than 300 g / cm. Its thickness is preferably no more than 3 mm, in particular no more than 2 mm, to ensure the desired softness and heat transfer rate. The gas permeability can be at least 500 ml / cm / 2 min, preferably at least 700 ml / cm / min under a pressure difference of 1.27 cm water column, whereby a thermal load can be sufficiently suppressed.

8201 181 -4-

For example, subjects / who wore protective garments made using protective materials of different physical properties "occurred when running at a speed of 5 km / h in an atmospheric air flow of 0.1 m / sec at 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 70%, a remarkable thermal load within 30 min from the start of the test in case the protective materials have a heat transfer number of not more than .10 kcal / m .h. 10 ° C (determined by JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard): L-1018) The subjects' pool stroke increased from about 75 / min at the start of the trial to more than about 150 / min, while rectal temperatures were 39 ° C. Exceeded since the situation was quite dangerous, no further testing was dispensed with. The analysis of the test results confirmed that it was possible to operate for a period of 2 hours (corresponding to with the minimum time required for the usual agricultural chemical spreading work under conditions of high temperature and high humidity comparable to those occurring in summer in Japan, it is necessary that the protective 2 material a heat transfer number of at least 10 kcal / m-h. ° C, preferably at least 15 kcal / m 2 .h. ° C and a degree of water vapor permeability (after 1 hour) of at least 10%, and preferably at least 20% (determined according to JIS L-1018). These conditions can be met if the protective material has the above physical properties. In addition, it is preferable that the protective material has, to a certain extent, a moisture-absorbing capacity, which condition can be satisfied by the protective material according to the invention.

When the activated carbon layer is in the state of a flat textile product, its gas permeability is preferably no more than 15,000 ml / cm / min to ensure a good adsorbent character. In addition, to ensure that the gas permeability of the protective material reaches a total value of at least 500 ml / cm / min, 82 0 1 1 8 1> «· -5-, it is preferable that the activated carbon layer has a gas permeability of at least 700 ml / cm / min, taking into account the effect which occurs through overlapping.

For example, if two layers of cloth: with a different gas permeability within a range of from 2Q0 to 20Q00 ml / cm / min are superimposed, the gas permeability of the cloth with the lowest gas permeability is reduced by about 25-40%. The cloth, which is placed on another cloth 2 with a minimum gas permeability of 700 ml / cm / min, therefore requires that it has a gas permeability of 700 ml / cm / min or more.

The cloth to be combined in one piece with the activated carbon layer must have a surface with a less apparent density than the apparent density of the cloth layer as a whole in order to prevent the chemical substance from penetrating or penetrating in the liquid state. The use of an apparent density as a parameter to prevent the penetration or penetration of the chemical in or. by expressing the cloth layer and the gas permeability of such a cloth layer is justified. The relationship between the apparent density and the permeability to gas is very narrow, and if the apparent density is more than 0.30 g / cm, the gas permeability becomes less than 700 ml / cm / min. The apparent density of the fabric layer can be determined according to JIS L-OIOJ. 8.

The apparent density of the roughened or pile layer as such can also be determined according to JIS L-1018.

The occurrence of the penetration of the chemical in the liquid state can be measured by a drop test. The test method can be elucidated with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, which shows in side view a device to be used for the test, in which a layer of the cloth to be examined is placed on a transparent glass plate (12) in such a way that 35 the surface thereof is provided with a thin iron oxide red coating (11), it is laid that the roughened or the pile surface faces upwards. The chemical (e.g., chloroform) colored with a dye or pigment of various heights of 8201181-6 is dripped down from a dropper (14) and the appearance of it is appreciated. penetrate. In the case of a relatively thin and dense cloth with a short-length of the down fibers or the pile with an apparent density of 0.30 g / cm or more (the apparent density of the roughened or pile layer only being more than 0 20 g / cm), the drop of the chemical tends to spread and penetrate within a short period due to the capillarity between the threads or fibers, even if a relatively small drop distance of about 1 cm is applied. In case a knitted or woven cloth is used, which is manufactured by an extremely dense processing of strongly-trained yarns and has an apparent density of 0.40 g / cm or more, this phenomenon of capillarity is likely to occur. smaller and requires a significant period of time for the chemical to penetrate and spread. In this case, however, the permeability to gas is greatly reduced. In the case of a cloth with an apparent density of less than 0.08 g / cm, the drop penetrates the cloth regardless of the location of the dripper. Thus, this test aims to assess the state of the flow of the chemical applied by dripping to the other surface of the cloth under investigation due to the phenomenon of capillarity and a cloth to be examined which shows a flow only if the drop height is higher. Thus, it can be considered to have a better ability to prevent penetration or penetration.

When the protective material according to the invention, which in particular has been given a water or oil-repellent character, is used, the drop of the chemical is retained on the fluffy or pile surface of the cloth layer and then gradually in the substrate texture, during which the droplet diffuses almost completely evaporates without liquid penetrating into the reserved surface. The evaporated chemical is easily collected by the activated carbon layer 8201181 -7- VI, even if it penetrates through the cloth layer on the reserved surface. To prevent such penetration, the apparent density of the cloth layer is preferably 0.08-0.30 g / cm, in particular 3 0.10-0.25 g / cm and the density of the roughened 3 layer or pile layer, preferably 0.05-0.20 g / cm, in particular 0.07-0.15 g / cm. If the apparent density of the cloth layer is less than 0.08 g / cm or if the apparent density of the roughened layer or pile layer is less than 0.05 g / cm, a sufficient damping effect against the drop cannot be achieved. of the chemical, so that such a drop tends to easily penetrate and penetrate through the cloth layer. The cloth layer with the apparent density, as defined above, advantageously has a dust-excluding effect.

More specifically, with respect to the fabric layer, it can be noted that it can consist of any fabric which is relatively bulky and light, has excellent dimensional stability and can be used for almost any purpose. Knitted fabrics with a raised weft, such as French pile jersey, can be mentioned as examples of such a cloth. In the case of the French pile jersey, the pile portion may consist of a pile construction of two or more layers of different densities. As can be seen from Figure 2, which shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a double-reed knitted French pile jersey, the pile layer (21) has only pile threads, which consist of the receding loops of the surface wires, while the pile layer (22) additionally comprises the pile threads, which consist of the receding loops of the lower threads. The pile density of the pile layer (22) is therefore higher than that of the pile layer (21), so that even if the chemical in the liquid state passes the pile layer (21), it can be stopped by the pile layer (22). A cloth in the form of a non-woven flat textile material is not favorable because the strength is relatively small and the softness is insufficient. In addition, the chemical in the liquid state can easily penetrate through it.

8201181 -8-

To impart a water and oil repellent character to a cloth layer, the cloth can be treated with any water and oil repellent agent, a method known per se. For example, the cloth can be dipped in a solution of a commercially available siloxane or fluorine repellent in a suitable solvent followed by drying and curing. The amount of the repellent to be deposited can usually at least 1.0% by weight, based on the weight of the fabric.

The adhesive carbon layer can be formed by adhering powdered or granular activated carbon to a cloth substrate such as a roughened or pile cloth using a thermoplastic adhesive in a powdered or nonwoven state flat fiber product with supply of heat. Preferably, the activated carbon may consist of a cloth consisting of activated carbon fibers with a specific surface area of 600-2500 m / g. In any case, it is desirable that the thickness of the activated carbon layer is not more than 3 mm.

The activated carbon fiber fabric can be produced by any conventional method starting from fibrous materials such as cotton, hemp, regenerated cellulose fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, acrylic resin fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, cross-linked formaldehyde fibers, lignin fiber, phenolic resin fiber and petroleum pitch fibers. For example, such fibrous materials are subjected to a flame retardant treatment at a temperature of not more than 400 ° C, if necessary after deposition of an appropriate flame retardant thereon, and then subjected to a temperature of 500-1000 ° C. carbonization and activation are subjected. Of the various fibrous materials, regenerated cellulose fibers, phenolic resin fibers and acrylic resin fibers are particularly favorable because the activated carbon fibers obtained exhibit good physical properties, such as mechanical strength and adsorption. The reactivation treatment is usually carried out under an atmosphere containing an 8201181 tf m -9 activating gas, such as steam or carbon dioxide, in an amount of 10-70% by volume / while heating at a temperature above 700 ° C. The activated carbon fiber can be brought into the form of a cloth after charring and reactivation, but it is preferred that the fibrous material in the form of a fabric, knit or non-woven flat textile product and the like be added to the char and activation "is subjected. An appropriate choice of activation temperature, time, concentration of the activating gas, etc.

10 provides activated carbon fibers with a specific surface area of 600-2500 m2 / g.

The activated carbon fiber fabric is gas permeable and can be made into any shape, such as felt or fabric. Because of the easy adhesion to the fabric layer 15 as the substrate fabric, the difficulty in removing fibers, the low thickness, softness, etc., it is advantageous that the activated carbon fiber fabric be in the form of a fabric or knit. The active carbon fiber cloth. in the form of a knit is particularly advantageous because the yarns forming the fabric have a high degree of freedom in the shape of the fabric. For example, it is more flexible than the fabric in the woven form. Since the stretch is large even after charring and activation, a protective garment fabricated therefrom can adhere well to the body of the person wearing it. Furthermore, it has a greater porosity and greater air permeability than in the woven form, so that the release of perspiration moisture or its vapor as well as heat to the outside of the garment can take place more easily. Moreover, upon carbonization and activation, the starting textile material tends to give rise to a noticeable volume or surface shrinkage. In the case of a fabric which has a high apparent density and provides a high degree of mutual cohesion, the shrinkage during charring and activation cannot be sufficiently absorbed so that wrinkles or wave-like stress areas form on the surfaces. In the case of the knit, in which the yarns have greater freedom and the interrelationship is smaller, the shrinkage can be absorbed well, so that the surfaces are flat and smooth. Moreover, when laminating with another material, the occurrence of stresses is unavoidable. In the case of the high-stretch knit, hardly any local stress concentrations occur, so that the processing can be carried out properly without cracks or breaks.

For example, adhering the substrate cloth as the cloth layer and the activated carbon fiber cloth as the activated carbon layer can be performed using a thermoplastic adhesive in the form of a fiber web having a weight of 50 g / m or less. It is desirable as a thermoplastic adhesive to select a low melting point adhesive to suppress the increase in the apparent density of the substrate fabric, which would result from compressing the roughened fiber surface or pile during heating or finishing. on the press.

For example, the melting point of the thermoplastic adhesive should preferably not be more than 150 ° C, in particular not more than 20 ° C. As the resin material for the thermoplastic adhesive, any commercially available resin material of the ester type, amide type, vinyl acetate type, etc. can be used. Of particular advantage is a resin material with a high resistance to solvents.

Any other method of joining together can also be used.

As will be apparent from the above, the essential constituents of the protective material of the present invention are a cloth having a certain specific apparent density as the cloth layer and a flat fiber product of activated carbon fiber as the activated carbon layer, which is one are completely interconnected. For practical use, the composite product can be reinforced by applying an overlapping cloth to each of the surfaces of the composite product. For example, a cloth can be applied as an external cloth layer to the substrate cloth and another cloth can be applied as the internal cloth layer to the flat fiber product of activated carbon fiber 8201181-11. These as an external fabric layer resp. Fabrics applied internally can be made of any natural fiber (eg cotton, hemp) or any synthetic fiber (eg polyester, polyamide, regenerated cellulose) and can be made in any conventional shape such as a fabric, nonwoven, felt or knit . The cloth used as an external cloth layer is preferably provided with a water and oil repellant and has a thickness of 0.1-1.5 mm. It is usually made from a synthetic fiber. The cloth used for the internal cloth layer is preferably moisture-absorbent and has a thickness of 0.1-1.5 mm. It is usually made from a natural fiber or a synthetic fiber, preferably a natural fiber. The external cloth layer 15 and the internal cloth layer can each additionally consist of two or more sheets or cloths.

A typical example of the protective material according to the invention is shown in Figure 3, which shows an enlarged sectional view thereof. In this figure, a synthetic fiber cloth (31), which is preferably imparted a water and oil-repellent character, is present as the outer cloth layer in contact with the roughened or polished surface (3.2); ; of a substrate fabric (33) as the fabric layer. The substrate fabric (33) is preferably provided with a water and oil repellant finish on at least the roughened or pile surface (32) and is united in one piece with a flat fiber product of activated carbon fiber (34) as the activated carbon layer on the other surface. On the inside of the composite product, the planar fiber product of activated carbon fiber (34) is in contact with a natural fiber cloth (35). The natural fiber cloth is moisture absorbent. Using such a protective material, a protective garment 35 can be fabricated such that the synthetic fiber cloth (31) forms the outer layer and contacts the atmosphere, while the natural fiber cloth (32) forms the inner layer. and comes into contact with the body of the person wearing the garment.

In the description, the gas permeability value indicates the value measured with air.

Embodiments of the invention which have been practiced and are preferred are described in the following examples for illustrative purposes.

The thickness of the cloth was measured according to JIS

L-1018. Typically, the thickness (mm) of the fabric was measured in at least 5 places using a thickness measuring device 2 10 under an initial load of 7 g / cm (in case no roughened or polished surface was present) 2 or 3 g / cm (in case of a roughened or pooled surface was present) for 10 sec, after which the average value was calculated.

The thickness of the roughened or pile layer was determined in the following manner: the thickness of the fabric (in case a roughened or polished surface was present) was measured as described above; after removing the roughened or pile layer by shearing or zening, the thickness of the obtained cloth (in which case no roughened or polished surface was present) was measured in the manner described above, after which the difference between the one described above measured value was calculated.

The apparent density was determined according to the following equation: D = W / 1000 x T, where D is the apparent 3 2 density (g / cm), W is the weight (g / m2) and T is the thickness (mm) is.

Example I

Using a double-row 30-knit stocking knitting machine No. 28, textured polyester yarns with a false train (75 denier; 24 filaments) and textured polyester yarn with a false train (20 denier; 8 filaments) were set entirely on the front reed resp. the back reed for knitting a tricot 35 with a weft with a texture on the front of 1 - 0/3 -4 and on the back of 1 - 0/1 - 2. The knitting was then stretched in the production direction to forming a looped pile to provide a French pile.

8201181 -13-

The resulting knit was dyed, treated with a fluorinated water and oil repellant ("Asahi Guard AG 710" manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd), dried and cured at 150 ° C, depositing the repellant thereon to a solid content of 2% by weight. The knit obtained in this way had a thickness of 0.98 mm, a weight of 115 g / m, an apparent density (cloth) of 3 0.117 g / cm and an apparent density (pile layer) of 0.92 3 2 g / cm. The gas permeability was 8300 ml / cm / min at a pressure difference of 1.27 cm water column and a water repellency of 100 (determined according to JIS L-1Q06).

Further, using an interlock circular knitting machine No. 28, regenerated cellulose fiber spun yarns (single yarn 2.0 denier; 40's / l) were knitted into a 15 tubular interlock knit weighing 2.125 g / cm, an elongation at break of 85 % in the production direction and 140% in the transverse direction and a gas permeability of 7650 ml / cm / min. This knit was subjected to a soaping and then soaked in an aqueous solution of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and then dried. The knit treated in this way, which carries diammonium hydrogen phosphate as a flame retardant to a content of 10% by weight, was heated in an inert atmosphere at 280 ° C for 30 minutes to form a flat fiber product of flame-resistant fibers with a carbon content of 68% by weight. The planar fiber product was heated in an inert atmosphere over a 90 minute period from 280 ° C to 880 ° C, after which the carbonized fiber product was heated in an atmosphere at 880 ° C for a period of 2 hours before activation. containing steam in an amount of 20% by volume. The activated charcoal product produced in this way had a flat and beautiful surface without any ripple or stress wave and exhibited the following physical properties: weight 51 g / m, specific surface area 1400 m / g, thickness 0.42 mm, gas permeability 9800 ml / cm / min, elongation at break 52% in the production direction and 108% in the transverse direction.

The knitted and flat fiber product of activated carbon fiber, which were prepared in the manner described above, 82 0 1 1 8 1 "4 -14- were produced with Kureha Fiber with a thermoplastic adhesive in the form of a non-woven fabric (" Dynack GX-900 ").

Co., Ltd; melting point 118 ° C) while applying heat using a heat-heating roller laminated to adhere the planar fiber product of activated carbon fiber to the other surface (ie the back surface) of the knit. This laminated product was further covered with 2 a synthetic fiber cloth of 80 g / m as the outer cloth layer on the pile-coated surface of the knit and a cotton cloth of 39 g / m as the inner cloth layer on the surface. of the flat fiber product of activated carbon fiber to obtain a protective material which had satisfactory gas permeability, mechanical strength and softness and exhibited the following physical properties: thickness 1.93 mm; weight 300 g / m; gas permeability 2895 ml / cm ^ / min.

Using the protective material, a protective garment was prepared and subjected to the treadmill test. At a running speed of 20 km / h under conditions of a temperature of 30 ° C, a relative humidity of 70% and an air flow of 0.1 m / sec, the protective material exhibited a heat transfer value of 45 kcal / in. h. ° C and a moisture permeability (after 1 hour) of 53%. It did not cause any noticeable physical difficulties with the person wearing the garment, even with continued wear for more than 6 hours.

Some tests were carried out with regard to the gas adsorption capacity of the protective material.

When determined according to JIS K-1474, the amount of tetrachloro carbon adsorbed on saturation was 39 g / m.

A circular piece with an effective diameter of 10 cm was then cut from the protective material and placed in a blowgun. From one end of the blowpipe, air at 20 ° C containing 10 ppm of tetrachloro-carbon was supplied at a rate of 2 cm / sec and the carbon tetrachloride concentration in the air flowing through the protective material was measured. As a suit, a concentration of the gaseous substance at the outlet of not more than 0.01 ppm was measured. The effect was maintained for 2 hours.

On the other hand, the resistance to penetration of a dripped liquid into the substrate cloth with the substrate is established. French pole, which was used to manufacture the protective material, that is, absorbing the energy of the falling liquid droplet. Using the tester, as shown in Figure 1, dye-colored tetrachloro-carbon of various heights was dropped on the pile surface of the protective material to determine penetration therein. As a result, it was found that the substrate cloth with the French pile exhibited an excellent energy absorbing effect and the drop did not penetrate to the fiber layer of activated carbon fiber even if it fell on the pile layer from a height of 30 cm. The carbon tetrachloride thereby evaporated in the state in which it was retained as a drop in the pile layer. Even if the drop fell from a height of 50 cm, no penetration through the material was observed, although a small penetration of the drop on the flat fiber product of the activated carbon fiber was brought about.

Example II

Using crimped polyester yarns with a false train (150 denier - 30 filaments) as the pile yarn and crimped nylon 6 yarns with a false train (70 denier; 24 filaments) as the backing yarn, a tubular single sided velor was knitted. The resulting knit was treated with a fluorine-containing water and oil repellant to deposit the repellant thereon in an amount of 1.8% by weight as a solid. The knit obtained had a weight of 236 g / m, a thickness of 1.82 mm, an apparent density of 0.130 3 3 35 g / cm (an apparent density (pile layer) of 0.93 g / cm, 2 a gas permeability of 4120 ml / cm / min with a pressure difference of 1.27 cm water column and a water repellency of 100.

8201 181 mm> t -16-

Furthermore, a fabric with a linen weave was made from a yarn spun from a phenol resin of the novolak type (one-ply yarn 1.5 denier; 18's / l) and with a weight of 136 µg / m in an inert atmosphere for 5 minutes. heated to 300 ° C, followed by heating over 2 hours to 900 ° C in an inert atmosphere before charring. The charred fabric was then heated at 900 ° C for 3 hours in an atmosphere containing 25% by volume of steam before activation. The resulting activated carbon fiber fabric had a weight of 55 g / m 2, a specific surface area of 1800 m / g, a thickness of 0.40 mm and 2 a gas by permeability of 4420 mm / cm / min. The activated carbon fiber fabric was laminated with a polyamide-type adhesive in the form of a nonwoven backing to the back of the knit under heat application using a heating roll. The protective material thus obtained had a weight of 312 g / m, a thickness of 2.19 mm 2, and a gas by permeability of 3095 ml / cm / min. The amount of carbon tetrachloride adsorbed thereby was 72 g / m at saturation.

A circular piece with an effective diameter of 10 cm was cut from the protective material and placed in a blowgun. Air at 20 ° C, containing 10 ppm carbon tetrachloride, was fed from one end of the blowpipe at a rate of 2 cm / sec, after which the carbon tetrachloride concentration was measured passing the protective material. The carbon tetrachloride concentration at the outlet was not more than 0.01 ppm. This protective effect was maintained for 3.7 hours. The strength of the reinforced knit to penetrate the falling carbon tetrachloride droplet was determined in the same manner as in Example I. When the drop height of a drop was more than 60 cm, slight penetration of the liquid to the activated carbon fiber fabric was observed. If the drop drop height was not more than 50 cm, no penetration through the material at all was observed.

8201181 -17- «*

Comparative example 1

Using cotton yarns of 30's / l as warp yarns and cotton yarns of 10's / l as the weft yarns, a fabric with a twill weave 3/1 was produced. The resulting fabric was treated with a fluorine-containing water and oil repellant to deposit the repellant thereon in an amount of 3.0 wt. % based on the resin. The resulting fabric had a weight of 230 g / m, a thickness of 0.57 mm, an apparent density of 0.40 g / cm, a gas permeability of 500 ml / 2 cm / min and a water repellency of 90. The activated carbon flat fiber product as used in Example 1 was laminated to the fabric obtained in the manner described above using the adhesive as used in Example 1 using a heating roll. The resulting laminated product was covered with the synthetic fiber cloth and the cotton cloth as used in Example 1. The protective material thus obtained had a weight of 415 g / m, a thickness of 1.52 mm 2 and a gas permeability of 290 ml / cm / min. The gas adsorbing capacity of the protective material was as good as that of Example 1. However, the resistance to penetration of the falling drop was only. For example, if a carbon tetrachloride droplet dropped from a height of no more than 5 cm, easy penetration of the drop was observed.

Comparative example 2

A needle-bonded nonwoven fabric made of nylon 6 fiber (2 denier) weighing 2 100 g / m and thickness 1.70 mm was treated with a fluorine-containing water and oil repellant to provide the repellant thereon to be deposited in an amount of 2.0 wt%. The obtained nonwoven fabric had an apparent density of 0.060 g / cin and a gas permeability of 4680 ml / cm / min. A mixture of powdered activated carbon (specific surface area 700 m / g, particle size 100-180 µm) and a thermoplastic adhesive of the polyester type powder (particles 82 0 1 1 8 1 -18 - size not more than 25 µl) in a weight ratio of 2 70:30 evenly distributed in an amount of 60 g / m, then heated on a heating press to fix the particles of activated carbon. The resistance of the protective material obtained in this way against the penetration of a falling drop of carbon tetrachloride was determined. However, it was very poor. For example, if the carbon tetrachloride fell from a height of no more than 5 cm, easy penetration was observed.

8 2 0 1 1 8 1

Claims (21)

Protective material characterized by a cloth layer, the apparent density of which on one of the surfaces is smaller than that of the cloth layer as a whole and an active carbon layer, which is present as a whole on the other surface of the cloth layer. . Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the cloth layer is roughened with a smaller apparent density. Protective material according to claim 1, 10, characterized in that the surface of the cloth layer with a lower apparent density is a pile surface. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the cloth layer has a water and oil-repellent character. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the cloth layer has a two-layer structure. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparent density of the cloth layer 20 is 0.08-0.30 g / cm in total and the apparent density of the surface with a smaller apparent density is 0.05. -0.20 g / cm. Protective material according to claim 6, characterized in that the apparent density of the cloth layer 3 is 0.10-0.25 g / cm in total and the apparent density of the surface with a smaller apparent density 0.07 -0.15 g / cm2. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a weight of not more than 500 g / m2. Protective material according to claim 8, characterized in that it has a weight of not more than 300 g / m 2. Protective material according to claim 1,35, characterized in that it has a thickness of no more than 3 mm. Protective material according to claim 10, 8201181 e--20-, characterized in that it has a thickness of not more than 2 mm. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the cloth layer has a thickness of 0.3-2.8 mm. ____. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the cloth layer with a lower apparent density has a thickness of 0.1-2.6 mm. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a gas permeability of at least 2 500 ml / cm / min. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the cloth layer has a gas permeability of at least 700 ml / cm / min. Protective material according to claim 1, 15, characterized in that the activated carbon layer consists of activated carbon fibers. Protective material according to claim 16, characterized in that the activated carbon fiber is in a knitted state. Protective material according to claim 16, characterized in that the activated carbon fiber has a specific surface area of 600-2500 m / g. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the activated carbon layer has a gas permeability of not more than 15,000 ml / cm / min. Protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that the activated carbon layer has a thickness of 0.2-2.7 mm. Protective material according to claim 1, 30, characterized in that it also comprises a synthetic fiber cloth layer on the cloth layer and a natural fiber cloth layer on the activated carbon layer. 8201181