JP2015094030A - Protective material and protective clothing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide lightweight, highly durable protective material and protective clothing having high protective performance against gaseous and particulate hazardous substances and capable of suppressing heat stress of a wearer.SOLUTION: The protective material has a laminate structure including an outer layer cloth, a particle collection layer, a gas adsorption layer, and an inner layer cloth. An air permeability of the laminate structure measured in accordance with JIS L1096 8.26 is 5-30 cm/cms, and a collecting efficiency, of the laminate structure, for particles of 0.3-0.5 μm in particle diameter at a permeable linear velocity of 2.5 cm/sec is 60-90%. The particle collection layer is made from nonwoven cloth with basis weight being 5-50 g/m, the nonwoven cloth being blended with fibers having an average single fiber diameter of 0.5-10 μm, and having a maximum pore diameter of 0.1-40 μm or less.

Description

  The present invention relates to protective clothing having the performance of protecting workers handling hazardous chemical substances. Specifically, it can effectively protect workers from gaseous harmful chemicals that are absorbed from the skin and are harmful to the human body, such as organophosphorus compounds, as well as aerosols of harmful fine dust, bacteria, viruses, etc. In addition, the present invention relates to a lightweight and highly durable protective material and protective clothing that can effectively protect the worker from the wearer and suppress the heat stress of the wearer.

  Various protective clothing for protecting the human body from organic chemicals has been proposed. For example, there is a protective clothing made of a protective laminated fabric having air permeability made of an adsorbing material such as activated carbon as described in Patent Document 1. This has a high protection performance against gaseous harmful chemical substances, but has a problem that particulate harmful chemical substances cannot be protected due to particles entering from the material.

  Moreover, as protective clothing against particulate harmful chemical substances, there are protective clothing made of a nonwoven fabric with a very small fiber diameter, such as a polyolefin nonwoven fabric by flash spinning. However, such protective clothing has a problem that it cannot sufficiently protect against gaseous harmful chemical substances.

  In addition, there are protective clothing made of materials that do not allow any harmful chemicals to permeate, such as rubber cloth, but this is not breathable at all, so air cannot enter through the materials, and protective clothing such as cuffs. There was a problem that gaseous and particulate harmful chemical substances entered from the joint.

  Patent Document 2 describes protective clothing having high protection performance against gaseous and particulate harmful chemical substances, but it is necessary to lower the air permeability in order to increase the material collection efficiency. However, depending on the magnitude of the pressure fluctuation in the protective clothing due to the movement of the wearer of the protective clothing, there has been a problem that gaseous and particulate harmful chemical substances enter from the end of the protective clothing such as cuffs.

JP-A-8-308945 JP 2007-62353 A

  The present invention has been made against the background of the problems of the prior art, has a high protection performance against gaseous and particulate harmful substances, and is lightweight and durable that can suppress the heat stress of the wearer. To provide high protective materials and protective clothing.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have finally completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
1. A protective material having a laminated structure including an outer fabric, a particle collection layer, a gas adsorption layer, and an inner fabric,
The laminated structure has an air permeability measured in accordance with JIS L1096 8.26 of 5 to ³⁰ cm ³ / cm ² · s,
In the laminated structure, the collection efficiency of particles having a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm at a ventilation line speed of 2.5 cm / sec is 60 to 90%,
The particle collection layer is composed of a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 5 to 50 g / m ² , fibers having an average single fiber diameter of 0.5 to 10 μm are blended, and the maximum pore diameter is 0.1 to 40 μm or less. Some protective material.
2. 2. The protective material according to 1 above, wherein the gas adsorption layer is in the form of fibrous activated carbon woven fabric, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric.
3. A protective garment using the protective material according to 1 or 2 above.

  The protective material and protective garment according to the present invention can effectively protect workers from gaseous harmful chemical substances that are absorbed from the skin such as organophosphorus compounds and adversely affect the human body, and harmful fine dust, There are advantages that the worker is effectively protected from aerosols such as bacteria and viruses, and that heat stress can be suppressed by air permeability, and that it is lightweight and highly durable.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a fabric (protective material) of the protective clothing of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measuring instrument used for measuring the particle collection efficiency.

  Hereinafter, the protective clothing according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings showing the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated examples but can be applied to the purpose described above and below. The present invention can be carried out with appropriate modifications, all of which are included in the technical scope of the present invention.

(Protective material)
The protective material of the present invention has a laminated structure including an outer layer cloth 1, a particle collection layer 2, a gas adsorption layer 3, and an inner layer cloth 4.

In protective materials of the present invention, air permeability is measured according to JIS L1096 8.26 of the laminated structure is ^{5~30cm 3 / cm 2 · s,} 6~20cm 3 / cm 2 · s is preferable, 10 to 16 cm ³ / cm ² · s is more preferable. When the air permeability is less than 5 cm ³ / cm ² · s, for example, when used in protective clothing, the wearer's feeling of wear is significantly impaired, such being undesirable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30 cm ³ / cm ² · s, gas and particles easily enter the protective clothing through the gaps between the fibers of the protective material, which is not preferable.

  In the protective material of the present invention, the particle collection efficiency of the laminated structure having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 μm at a ventilation line speed of 2.5 cm / sec is 60 to 90%, preferably 61 to 85%. 62 to 80% is more preferable. If the particle collection efficiency is within the above range, the number of particles entering through the voids in the protective material 5 can be reduced. On the other hand, when the particle collection efficiency is less than 60%, the filter effect of the protective material is not sufficiently exerted, and the particles easily enter the protective clothing from the inter-fiber gap of the protective material, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the collection efficiency exceeds 90%, the fibers become dense and the air permeability of the protective material decreases, which is not preferable.

  In addition, in the protective material of this invention, it is also possible to further laminate | stack other layers other than the said 1-4 layers. Thus, when the laminated structure is five layers or more, the above-described air permeability and particle collection efficiency are measured in a state where all the layers are laminated. Each layer is described in detail below.

(Outer layer fabric)
In the present invention, the outer layer cloth 1 is laminated on the outermost side of the laminated structure composed of the above-mentioned 1-4 layers. The outer fabric 1 is a layer that protects the particle collection layer 2 and the gas adsorption layer 3 from external forces such as friction. Since the strength of the protective material 5 is increased by laminating the outer layer cloth 1, the outer layer cloth 1 is strong against external force.

  The material constituting the outer fabric 1 is not particularly limited, natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, hair, silk, etc .; regenerated fibers such as rayon, polynosic, cupra, and rayocell; semi-synthetic materials such as acetate fiber and triacetate fiber Fibers: Polyamide fibers such as nylon 6, nylon 66, and aramid fibers; Polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fibers, polybutylene terephthalate fibers, polylactic acid fibers, and polyarylate; Polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyacrylonitrile-vinyl chloride copolymer fibers, modacrylic Acrylic fibers such as fibers; polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene fibers and polypropylene fibers; polyvinyl alcohol fibers such as vinylon fibers and polyvinyl alcohol fibers; polyvinyl chloride fibers such as polyvinyl chloride fibers, vinylidene fibers and polyclar fibers. Fibers: Synthetic fibers such as polyurethane fibers; polyphenylene sulfide fibers; polybenzazole fibers (PBZ), polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO), polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers, and heterocyclic polymer fibers such as polyimide fibers; polycarbonate Examples include fibers; polysulfone fibers; polyether fibers such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide; A plurality of these fibers may be blended and blended.

  The outer layer cloth 1 is preferably composed of natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, hair, silk, etc., and cotton is more preferable in order to prevent the wearer's stuffiness. Moreover, in order to give moderate strength to the outer layer cloth 1, polyamide fibers such as nylon 6, nylon 66, and aramid fiber may be mixed and used. When natural fiber and other fibers are mixed and mixed, the mixing ratio of natural fibers is preferably 50% or more and less than 100%. By increasing the mixing ratio of natural fibers, the wearer can work more comfortably.

Basis weight of the outer layer fabric 1 is preferably 80~300g / ^{m 2,} more preferably 90~250g / ^{m 2,} more preferably 100~220g / ^{m 2.} When the basis weight of the outer layer cloth 1 is less than 80 g / m ² , the amount of fibers constituting the outer layer cloth 1 is not sufficient, and when the fibers constituting the outer layer cloth 1 are cut by an external force such as friction, even the outer layer cloth 1 Since there is a possibility of tearing, it is not preferable. Moreover, since the protective clothing formed from the protective material 5 will become heavy when the fabric weight of the outer-layer cloth 1 exceeds 300 g / m < ² >, it may become a burden on a wearer and is not preferable.

Further, the air permeability of the outer layer fabric 1 is preferably 5~150cm ³ / cm ² · s, more preferably from 10~140cm ³ / cm ² · s, more preferably 20~130cm ³ / cm ² · s. When the air permeability of the outer layer fabric 1 is less than 5 cm ³ / cm ² · s, the breathability of the protective clothing is deteriorated, so that the wearer feels uncomfortable. Moreover, it is not preferable that the outer layer cloth 1 has an air permeability exceeding 150 cm ³ / cm ² · s because dust having a relatively large particle size may enter the protective clothing.

  The thickness of the outer fabric 1 is preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 0.45 mm, and still more preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mm. If the thickness of the outer layer cloth 1 is less than 0.1 mm, the thickness of the outer layer cloth 1 is not sufficient, and thus the protective function of the particle collection layer 2 and the gas adsorption layer 3 may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if the thickness of the outer layer cloth 1 exceeds 0.5 mm, the protective clothing is stiff and may hinder the work of the wearer of the protective clothing.

  As the outer fabric 1, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a non-woven fabric or the like can be suitably used. In particular, it is preferably formed from a woven fabric. In the case of a woven fabric, the fibers are hardly cut by an external force such as friction, so that the particle collection layer 2 and the gas adsorption layer 3 can be effectively protected.

  The woven structure of the woven fabric is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include plain weave, twill weave and satin weave. In addition, the loom used for manufacturing the fabric is not particularly limited, and various looms such as a water jet loom, an air jet loom, and a rapier loom may be appropriately used.

  The outer layer cloth 1 can be subjected to various post-processing. Examples of post-processing include hair-burning processing, paste removal processing, scouring processing, bleaching processing, mercerizing processing, dyeing / soaping processing, water-repellent processing, oil-repellent processing, fireproofing processing, and the like. In the present invention, it is possible to carry out a plurality of these post-processing.

  The protective material of the present invention is particularly preferably subjected to fireproofing from the viewpoint of ensuring the wearer's safety. When the outer layer fabric 1 is formed from natural fibers, it is preferable to perform fireproofing with a flame retardant because the fibers are particularly easy to burn. Examples of the flame retardant include N-methyloldimethylphosphonopropionic acid amide, tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt and the like.

  The outer layer cloth 1 is preferably subjected to water repellent treatment and oil repellent treatment. The water repellency of the outer fabric 1 is preferably 4 or more as measured by JIS L1092 6.2 (spray test). On the other hand, the oil repellency of the outer layer fabric 1 is preferably 4th grade or higher as measured by AATCC Test Method 118, and it is recommended to use water repellents and oil repellents in consideration of flexibility. Is done.

(Particle collection layer)
The particle trapping layer is a layer that traps harmful mist and dust. By laminating the particle collection layer 2, the human body can be protected from harmful mist and fine dust.

  It does not specifically limit as a raw material of the particle collection layer 2, Each material described in the column of the outer layer cloth 1 can be used. Among these, polyurethane fibers are preferable from the viewpoint of flexibility of protective clothing, and polyamide fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, polybutylene terephthalate fibers, and polyphenylene sulfide fibers are preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.

  The particle collection layer 2 is preferably formed from a fabric such as a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or a non-woven fabric, and more preferably formed from a non-woven fabric. If it is a non-woven fabric, it can give excellent particle collection performance and has a good balance between flexibility and extensibility, so when it is tailored as protective clothing, it can ensure the workability of the wearer and stress on the wearer. Can be reduced. The particle collection layer 2 may be formed from the same type of material, or may be formed by using a plurality of different materials.

  A method for forming the nonwoven fabric-shaped particle collecting layer 2 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a melt blown method, a wet method, a dry method, a spun bond method, a flash spinning method, an electrospinning method, and a composite fiber splitting. Although a suitable air permeability is given and the fiber diameter of the obtained nonwoven fabric is small and the particle collection efficiency is good, the melt blown method and the electrospinning method are preferably employed in the present invention.

  The electrospinning method is a kind of melt spinning method. Specifically, a positive charge is applied to the polymer solution, and the positively charged polymer solution is sprayed on the grounded or negatively charged substrate surface. This is a technique for fiberizing a polymer in a process.

  The average single fiber diameter of the fibers forming the particle collection layer 2 is 0.5 to 10 μm, preferably 0.6 to 8 μm, and more preferably 0.7 to 5 μm. By adjusting the average single fiber diameter of the fibers within the above range, a good balance of air permeability, particle collection efficiency and flexibility of the protective material can be maintained, and a protective material particularly suitable for clothing can be obtained.

Air permeability of the particle collection layer 2 is preferably 5~35cm ³ / cm ² · s, more preferably from 7~34cm ³ / cm ² · s, more preferably 8~32cm ³ / cm ² · s . If it is in the said range, since the air permeability of a protective material can be adjusted to an appropriate range, it is preferable.

The basis weight of the particle collection layer 2 (excluding the mass of the base material and the adhesive layer when the base material is laminated) is 5 to 50 g / m ² , preferably 7 to 47 g / m ² , and 10 to 43 g / m ^2. m ² is more preferable. If the basis weight of the particle collection layer 2 is within the above range, the protective material 5 after lamination does not become too thick, and it does not impair the lightness and the motion following ability when it is made into protective clothing. Can be reduced. Moreover, it is preferable that the basis weight is within the above range because the balance between the air permeability of the protective clothing and the particle collection efficiency can be maintained.

  The thickness of the particle collection layer 2 (excluding the thickness of the base material and the adhesive layer when the base material is laminated) is preferably 0.1 to 500 μm, and more preferably 0.5 to 400 μm. By adjusting the thickness of the particle collection layer 2 within the above range, the balance of air permeability, particle collection efficiency, strength, and flexibility can be improved.

  The maximum pore diameter of the particle collection layer 2 is 0.1 to 40 μm, preferably 0.5 to 30 μm, and more preferably 1 to 20 μm. When the maximum pore diameter of the particle collection layer 2 is less than 0.1 μm, the breathability of the protective material 5 is deteriorated, so that the wearer feels uncomfortable. Moreover, when the maximum pore diameter of the particle collection layer 2 exceeds 40 μm, the filter effect of the protective material is not sufficiently exhibited, and the particles pass through the protective material, which is not preferable.

In order to reinforce the strength of the particle collection layer 2, it can be used as a laminated particle collection layer combined with the particle collection layer 2 and a breathable base material (not shown). In the present invention, the base material of the particle collection layer 2 specifically refers to a material having an air permeability of 100 cm ³ / cm ² · s or more. As the substrate, for example, a sheet-like fabric, a porous film having air permeability, a porous film having air permeability, or the like can be used.

  Although it will not specifically limit if it is a fabric which has air permeability as a fabric used as the base material of the particle collection layer 2, For example, various fabrics, such as a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a lace, a net | network, a nonwoven fabric, are mentioned. Moreover, it is preferable that the said fabric is formed from the various fiber explained in full detail in the column of the raw material of the particle collection layer 2. FIG. These fibers may be used alone, or may be used after blending, blending, entanglement, and knitting.

  Examples of the resin that can form a porous film or membrane having air permeability include various resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, copolymer polyester, polyurethane, polyether polyurethane, and acrylate. These resins may be used alone or may be mixed or sequentially coated to form a laminated structure.

In order that the base material does not impair the air permeability of the particle collection layer 2, the air permeability is preferably 100 cm ³ / cm ² · s or more, and more preferably 150 cm ³ / cm ² · s or more. Although the upper limit of the air permeability is not limited, for example, 600 cm ³ / cm ² · s or less is preferable, and 500 cm ³ / cm ² · s or less is more preferable.

  Moreover, as thickness of a base material, 0.05-0.7 mm is preferable. If the base material is less than 0.05 mm, the rigidity as the base material may not be sufficiently exhibited, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the thickness of the base material exceeds 0.7 mm, the thickness of the laminated particle collecting layer after the combination is increased, the protective clothing may become stiff, and the wearer's work may be hindered.

  Examples of the method of combining the particle collection layer 2 and the base material include a method of fixing the particle collection layer 2 and the base material via an adhesive layer. As a composite method, (1) various adhesives represented by polyurethane adhesives, acrylate emulsions and the like are applied between the particle collecting layer 2 and the substrate, and these are bonded together. (2) A method of thermally bonding the particle collection layer 2 and a substrate through a thermoplastic resin layer (fabric, network, powder, film), (3) a particle collection layer 2 The method etc. which make a base material composite by heat fusion can be illustrated.

  In the case where the particle collection layer 2 and the substrate are combined by the composite method (1), in order to prevent a decrease in the air permeability of the particle collection layer 2 and to ensure the flexibility of the protective material 5 The chemical adhesive is preferably partially bonded in a dot shape.

In the case where the particle collection layer 2 and the base material are composited by the composite method (2), examples of the thermoplastic resin include low-melting copolymer polyester resins, polyamide resins, and polyolefin resins. Moreover, when compounding through the fabric which consists of a thermoplastic resin, it is preferable that a fabric is as low as about 5-30 g / m < ² > of fabric weight. In particular, it is preferable to use a non-woven fabric as the fabric because the adhesive layer can have a uniform thickness. Thereby, compared with the case where an adhesive is applied, spots of the adhesive are reduced, so that a portion having poor air permeability and adsorption performance is less likely to occur.

  In the case where the particle collection layer 2 and the base material are composited by the composite method (3) in the previous period, heat embossing, ultrasonic fusion, high frequency fusion and the like can be exemplified. In order to prevent the permeability of the particle collection layer 2 from decreasing, it is preferable that the number of fused portions is small.

  In addition, in order to prevent the particle collection layer 2 from getting wet due to liquid organic chemicals entering from the outside or perspiration released from the body and reducing the collection efficiency, the particle collection layer 2 is subjected to water repellency treatment or oil repellency. It is effective to apply the treatment. Examples of a method for subjecting the particle collection layer 2 to water repellency treatment or oil repellency treatment include spraying by spraying, and impregnating the particle collection layer 2 by immersing it in a solution containing a water repellant or oil repellant. Although a method etc. are mentioned, since the water-repellent process and oil-repellent process can be uniformly given to the particle collection layer 2, an impregnation process is preferable. Examples of the water / oil repellent include fluororesin, silicon resin, and wax. Incidentally, the water repellency of the particle collecting layer 2 is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 4 or more in the 6.2 spray test described in JIS L 1092. In addition, the oil repellency of the sheet is preferably AATCC Test Method 118 of 2nd or higher, and more preferably 4th or higher.

(Gas adsorption layer)
The gas adsorption layer 3 is a layer that can adsorb gaseous organic chemicals, and is provided to prevent entry of toxic gas or the like that cannot be captured by the particle collection layer 2. The gaseous organic chemical is a gaseous compound having one or more carbon elements, and is an organophosphorus compound used for agricultural chemicals, insecticides, herbicides, etc .; toluene used for painting work, etc. , Organic solvents such as methylene chloride and chloroform;

  Since the gaseous organic chemical substance has a relatively large molecular weight of 50 or more, it can be fixed to a gas adsorbing substance such as activated carbon. As the gas adsorbent, various adsorbents such as hydrocarbon adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon black; inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel, zeolite adsorbent, silicon carbide, and activated alumina; are suitable. The gas adsorbing substance can be appropriately selected according to the specification of the gaseous organic chemical substance (adsorbed substance). Of these, the use of activated carbon is preferred. Activated carbon is preferable because it can adsorb various kinds of gaseous organic chemicals and the properties of the activated carbon hardly change after adsorption. Among them, fibrous activated carbon has a large adsorption rate and adsorption capacity, and can effectively prevent gas permeation with a small amount of use. In addition, the fibrous activated carbon is suitable because it is light and does not interfere with the wearer's work when it is made into protective clothing.

The adsorption performance of the activated carbon is preferably 25 g / m ² or more, more preferably 30 g / m ² or more in terms of toluene adsorption performance. If the toluene adsorption performance is less than 25 g / m ² , the amount of activated carbon necessary for exhibiting sufficient gas adsorption ability increases, and the protective clothing becomes heavy. Although an upper limit is not specifically limited, For example, 70 g / m < ² > or less is preferable.

  The average pore diameter of the activated carbon is preferably 10 to 200 nm. If the average pore diameter exceeds 200 nm, the adsorbed gaseous organic chemical substance tends to be detached, which is not preferable.

  The pore volume of the activated carbon is preferably 0.25 cc / g or more, and more preferably 0.3 cc / g or more. When the pore volume is less than 0.25 cc / g, the amount of activated carbon required to exert a sufficient gas adsorbing capacity increases, which is not preferable because the protective clothing becomes heavy. Although an upper limit is not specifically limited, For example, 1.0 cc / g or less is preferable.

The BET specific surface area of the activated carbon, preferably 700~3000m ² / g, in order to exhibit sufficient permeation inhibiting capability with less use of activated carbon, 1000~2500m ² / g is more preferable. When the BET specific surface area is less than 700 m ² / g, the amount of activated carbon required to exert a sufficient gas adsorbing capacity increases, and the protective clothing becomes heavy. Moreover, it is not preferable that the BET specific surface area exceeds 3000 m ² / g because the gaseous organic chemical substance once adsorbed may be desorbed.

The activated carbon basis weight (mass), preferably ^{35~250g / m 2, 40~200g / m} 2 is more preferable. If it is less than 35 g / m ² , the capacity that can be adsorbed becomes small and the use time is limited. On the other hand, if it exceeds 250 g / m ² , it will become heavy as protective clothing and cause heat stress.

  It is effective to use fibrous activated carbon to effectively exhibit the permeation suppressing ability while reducing the amount of activated carbon used. Fibrous activated carbon, for example, uses raw fibers to form various fabrics such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics through weaving, knitting, carding, and lapping processes, and then, as necessary, a flameproofing agent on the fabrics. After that, flameproofing treatment is performed at a temperature of 450 ° C. or lower, and then the fiber is carbonized and activated at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower. Examples of raw material fibers used include natural cellulose fibers such as cotton and hemp; regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon fibers and polynosic fibers; polyvinyl alcohol fibers, acrylic fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, lignin fibers, and phenolic fibers. Examples thereof include synthetic fibers such as fibers and petroleum pitch fibers. Among these, the use of regenerated cellulose fiber, acrylic fiber, and phenol fiber is preferable because of the excellent physical properties (strength, etc.) and adsorption performance of fibrous activated carbon. The fiber length of the raw fiber is not limited, and either short fiber or long fiber can be used.

  As a method for forming the fibrous activated carbon into a sheet, a method in which a gas adsorbing substance (activated carbon) is fixed to a sheet base material via a binder; a gas adsorbing substance (activated carbon) is dispersed in a dispersion containing pulp and binder. A method of preparing a slurry and making it into a sheet using a wet paper machine; producing a fabric using carbon-containing fibers, flame-treating the fabric as necessary, and then carbonizing and activating the fibers A method for producing a sheet-like fibrous activated carbon is preferable.

  Although the form of the sheet-like fibrous activated carbon is not particularly limited, examples thereof include a woven form, a knitted form, a non-woven form, a felt form, a paper form, and a film form. Above all, it is easy to laminate and water / oil repellent treatment when making protective clothing, and when wearing protective clothing, the workability of workers, fit to the body, and flexibility of protective clothing are good. Therefore, the form of the fibrous activated carbon formed into a sheet is preferably woven, knitted or non-woven.

  The thickness of the fibrous activated carbon formed into a sheet is preferably 0.1 to 3 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, and still more preferably 0.7 to 1.5 mm. If the thickness of the fibrous activated carbon is less than 0.1 mm, the amount of adsorption of the gaseous organic chemical substance may decrease, which is not preferable. Further, if the thickness of the fibrous activated carbon exceeds 3 mm, it is not preferable because the workability of the worker when wearing the protective clothing and the fit to the body cannot be finished well.

Further, the air permeability of sheeted fibrous activated carbon is preferably 50~550cm ³ / cm ² · s, more preferably from ^{100~500cm 3 / cm 2 · s,} 200~450cm 3 / cm 2 · s and more preferable. If the air permeability of the sheet-like fibrous activated carbon is less than 50 cm ³ / cm ² · s, the air permeability of the protective material 5 obtained is lowered, and it is difficult to control the air permeability of the protective material 5 within a predetermined range. Become. On the other hand, if the air permeability of the protective material 5 exceeds 550 cm ³ / cm ² · s, the trapped amount of the gaseous organic chemical substance may decrease, which is not preferable.

  Further, in order to prevent the activated carbon from getting wet due to sweat discharged from the body and reducing the adsorption performance, it is an effective means to subject the activated carbon to a water repellent treatment or an oil repellent treatment. As a method for subjecting the activated carbon to water repellency treatment and oil repellency treatment, spraying by an ordinary spray or impregnation processing may be considered. In particular, impregnation is preferable because a water repellent and an oil repellent can be uniformly applied. The water repellent and the oil repellent are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fluorine resin-based, silicon resin-based, wax-based, and cellulose reaction-based compounds. The amount of attachment is preferably from 0.1 to 15 wt%, more preferably from 0.5 to 5 wt% as a solid content. This is because if the amount of adhesion is less than 0.1 wt%, the water repellency and oil repellency are degraded, and if it exceeds 15 wt%, the adsorption performance of the gas adsorption layer may be degraded. The water repellency of the sheet is preferably 2 or more in the 6.2 spray test described in JIS L 1092, and more preferably 4 or more. The oil repellency of the sheet is preferably grade 2 or higher, more preferably grade 4 or higher, as evaluated by AATCC Test Method 118.

(Inner layer fabric)
In this invention, the inner-layer cloth 4 is laminated | stacked on the innermost side of the laminated structure comprised from the said 1-4 layers. The inner layer cloth 4 is a layer provided to reduce discomfort such as stickiness of the wearer of the protective clothing. Moreover, since the intensity | strength of the protective material 5 increases by laminating | stacking the inner layer cloth 4, it becomes strong with respect to an external force, and it is preferable.

  The material which comprises the inner layer cloth 4 is not specifically limited, Each material described in the column of the outer layer cloth 1 can be used. Especially, since it is excellent in heat resistance, use of a polyamide fiber, a polyethylene terephthalate fiber, and a polybutylene terephthalate fiber is preferable.

  As the inner layer fabric 4, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a porous film or the like can be suitably used, and a woven fabric or a knitted fabric is preferably used from the viewpoint of air permeability and flexibility. Moreover, in order to ensure air permeability, the woven fabric or knitted fabric is preferably woven or knitted with a coarse density.

  When a woven fabric is used as the inner layer fabric 4, the woven structure of the woven fabric is not particularly limited, and for example, a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, or the like can be suitably used. In addition, the loom used for manufacturing the fabric is not particularly limited, and various looms such as a water jet loom, an air jet loom, and a rapier loom may be appropriately used.

  When a knitted fabric is used as the inner layer fabric 4, the knitted structure of the knitted fabric is not particularly limited. For example, weft knitting (flat knitting, rib knitting, double-sided knitting, pearl knitting), warp knitting (tricot knitting, raschel knitting) ) And the like. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use warp knitting, particularly tricot because of its good touch.

  The fibers constituting the inner layer fabric 4 preferably have a single yarn fineness of 0.5 to 10 dtex, more preferably 0.7 to 8 dtex, and even more preferably 1 to 5 dtex. If the single yarn fineness is within the above range, when the yarn is finished, the space between the single yarn fibers becomes dense, and a capillary phenomenon is generated, so that sweat is easily released to the outside.

  Moreover, 10-100 dtex is preferable, as for the fineness of the multifilament of the fiber which comprises the inner-layer cloth 4, 20-80 dtex is more preferable, and 30-60 dtex is further more preferable. If the fineness of the multifilament is within the above range, the air permeability of the inner layer fabric 4 can be maintained, so that discomfort when wearing the protective clothing wearer can be reduced.

  The thickness of the inner layer fabric 4 is preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.4 mm. If the thickness of the inner layer fabric 4 is less than 0.05 mm, the inner layer fabric 4 is not sufficiently thick, and there is a risk that the inner layer fabric 4 is easily broken. Moreover, when the thickness of the inner layer cloth 4 exceeds 0.5 mm, the inside of the protective clothing is easily stuffed, and the wearer may feel uncomfortable, which is not preferable.

Moreover, 20-100 g / m < ² > is preferable, as for the fabric weight of the inner layer cloth 4, 25-90 g / m < ² > is more preferable, and 30-80 g / m < ² > is further more preferable. When the basis weight of the inner layer fabric 4 is less than 20 g / m ² , the inner layer fabric 4 becomes thin, and the effect of laminating the inner layer fabric 4 may not be sufficiently exhibited, which is not preferable. Moreover, when the fabric weight of the inner layer cloth 4 exceeds 100 g / m ² , the protective clothing becomes heavy, and there is a possibility that the work efficiency of the wearer may be lowered, which is not preferable.

Air permeability of the inner layer fabric 4 is preferably 5~1000cm ³ / cm ² · s, more preferably 8~900cm ³ / cm ² · s, more preferably 10~800cm ³ / cm ² · s. If the air permeability of the inner layer fabric 4 is within the above range, it is preferable because the air permeability of the protective material 5 can be adjusted to a desired range.

  The inner layer cloth 4 can be subjected to various post-processings described in detail in the section of the outer layer cloth 1.

  The order of lamination of the layers is not particularly limited, but the order of outer layer cloth 1 -particle collection layer 2 -gas adsorption layer 3 -inner layer cloth 4 is preferable when viewed from the outside of the protective clothing. By sandwiching the gas adsorption layer 3 between the particle collection layer 2 and the inner layer cloth 4, the gas adsorption layer 3 can be protected.

(Protective material manufacturing method)
The protective material 5 is not limited to a manufacturing method as long as the above-described layers are laminated. For example, (1) a laminated body of the gas adsorption layer 3 and the inner layer cloth 4 is formed in advance, A method of laminating the outer layer cloth 1 and the particle collecting layer 2 on the body, (2) a layered body of the particle collecting layer 2 and the gas adsorbing layer 3 is previously formed, and the outer layer cloth 1 and the inner layer cloth 4 are formed on the laminated body. (3) A method of sewing protective clothing in a state where the outer layer cloth 1, the particle collecting layer 2, the gas adsorption layer 3, and the inner layer cloth 4 are overlapped, and the like.

  In the method shown in (1), examples of the method for laminating the gas adsorption layer 3 and the inner layer cloth 4 include the following methods. As the first method, for example, a method of fixing the gas adsorbing layer 3 to the inner layer fabric 4 using a sheet-like; granule-like, powder-like, particle-like, or dope-like adhesive may be mentioned. Moreover, as a 2nd method, it is also possible to sew without adhering and to make the shape of a flash or a quilting. The second method is preferable because the gas adsorbing layer 3 and the inner layer cloth 4 can be laminated without using an adhesive, and the air permeability of the protective clothing can be secured.

  In addition, in the method shown in (2), in addition to the first method and the second method (in which the inner cloth 4 is read as the particle collecting layer 2), a gas adsorption layer prepared in advance is used as a third method. 3 may be a method in which the particle collection layer 2 is directly applied and laminated by an electrospinning method or the like. The third method is also preferable because the particle collecting layer 2 and the gas adsorbing layer 3 can be laminated without using an adhesive, and the air permeability of the protective clothing can be secured.

  As the adhesive used in the first method, urethane type, vinyl alcohol type, ester type, epoxy type, vinyl chloride type, olefin type adhesives and the like can be used. In order to suppress a decrease in moisture permeability due to the lamination, urethane, vinyl alcohol, and ester adhesives that are moisture permeable adhesives are suitable.

  The melt index of the adhesive used is preferably 10 to 100 g / 10 min, and more preferably 20 to 80 g / 10 min. By adjusting the melt index within the above range, the area where the adhesive covers the surface of the gas adsorbing substance (for example, activated carbon) in the gas adsorbing layer 3 is reduced, and the gas adsorbing performance is reduced by stacking each layer. Can be suppressed, which is preferable.

  In the present invention, it is also useful to use a nonwoven fabric formed from a thermoplastic resin as the adhesive. By using a thermoplastic nonwoven fabric, the adhesive layer can be made to have a uniform thickness. Thereby, compared with the case where a particulate or dope-like adhesive is applied, spots of the adhesive are reduced, so that a portion inferior in air permeability and adsorption performance is hardly generated.

  Next, in the method shown in (1), the outer layer cloth 1 and the particle collecting layer 2 may be laminated on the laminated body of the gas adsorption layer 3 and the inner layer cloth 4. In the method shown in (2), the outer layer cloth 1 and the inner layer cloth 4 may be laminated on the laminated body of the particle collection layer 2 and the gas adsorption layer 3. The lamination method is not particularly limited, but a method of laminating a pre-formed laminate and other layers by applying and bonding various chemical adhesives; a thermoplastic resin layer A method of laminating a pre-formed laminate and other layers by thermal bonding via (fabric, mesh, powder, film); the pre-formed laminate and other layers in order Examples of the method include laminating and stitching them together.

  When the laminated structure of the protective material 5 is formed by a chemical adhesive, the chemical adhesive should be partially bonded in the form of dots in order to prevent a reduction in the air permeability of the protective material 5 and to ensure flexibility. Is preferred.

The basis weight of the protective material 5 on which the outer layer cloth 1, the particle collecting layer 2, the gas adsorption layer 3 and the inner layer cloth 4 produced by the above-described method are laminated is preferably 100 to 600 g / m ² , for example, 150 to 580 g. / M ² is more preferable, and 180 to 550 g / m ² is more preferable. It is preferable that the basis weight of the protective material 5 is within the above range because the air permeability of the protective material 5 is adjusted within a desired range. On the other hand, if the basis weight exceeds 600 g / m ² , the protective clothing becomes heavy and the burden on the wearer increases, which is not preferable.

  Moreover, the thickness of the protective material 5 is preferably, for example, 0.5 to 4 mm, more preferably 0.6 to 3.8 mm, and further preferably 0.7 to 3.5 mm. If the thickness of the protective material 5 is less than 0.5 mm, the wearer may not be sufficiently protected when the protective material 5 is tailored because the thickness is not sufficient. In addition, if the thickness of the protective material 5 exceeds 4 mm, the protective clothing may become stiff and the work efficiency of the wearer may be reduced.

  With the protective material 5 of the present invention, by controlling the air permeability and particle collection efficiency of the protective material constituting the protective garment within a predetermined range, regardless of the presence or absence of wind, (i) It is possible to reduce the number of particles that enter the protective clothing through the air gap, and (ii) the number of particles that enter the protective clothing from the end of the protective clothing such as cuffs when the wearer operates.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, but may be appropriately modified within a range that can meet the purpose described above and below. Of course, it is possible to implement them, and they are all included in the technical scope of the present invention.

(Average single fiber diameter)
The average single fiber diameter is photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and 20 fibers are randomly selected from a large number of fibers projected on a 2000 or 5000 times SEM image, and the single fiber diameter is measured. The average value of the measured 20 single fiber diameters was calculated and used as the average single fiber diameter.

(Maximum pore size)
Based on the bubble point method (JIS K3832), a capillary flow porometer “Model: CFP-1200AE” manufactured by PMI was used and the measurement sample diameter was 20 mm.

(Weight)
According to JIS L1096 8.3.

(thickness)
According to JIS L1096 8.4.

(Flexibility)
According to JIS L1096 8.21.

(Air permeability)
According to JIS L1096 8.26 (Fragile method).

(Water repellency)
According to JIS L1092 6.2 (spray test).

(Oil repellency)
According to AATCC Test Method 118.

(Melt index)
According to JIS K7210.

(BET specific surface area)
The BET specific surface area was measured by measuring the amount of nitrogen adsorbed on the sample when the relative pressure was raised in the range of 0.0 to 0.15 in the atmosphere of the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (-195.8 ° C), and a BET plot Was used to determine the surface area (m ² / g) per unit mass of the sample.

(Particle collection efficiency)
The measurement was performed using a particle collection efficiency measuring instrument shown in FIG. First, the protective material 5 was installed in the duct 12, the valve 14 was adjusted so that the filter linear velocity measured by the flow meter 13 was 2.5 cm / sec, and the atmosphere was ventilated (the valve 14 had a blower 15 Is provided). Next, the number of atmospheric dust of 0.3 to 0.5 μm existing upstream and downstream of the protective material 5 is measured with a particle measuring instrument 17 (“KC-01C” manufactured by RION Co., Ltd.), The collection efficiency was calculated.
Particle collection efficiency (%) = (1−number of downstream particles / number of upstream particles) × 100
In the case of a protective material using a film for the particle collection layer, it is difficult to measure the particle collection efficiency by the above measurement method, so the particle collection efficiency was set to 100% (theoretical value).

(Particle collection efficiency after washing)
In accordance with JIS L 0217 103 method, after washing 10 times, the particle collection efficiency was measured.

(A feeling of wearing)
Wearing a one-piece-type protective suit, walking on a treadmill at a speed of 5 km / hr with a wind of 4 m / s from the front for 10 minutes in a constant temperature and humidity room at 32 ° C. and 70% RH The overall evaluation was based on measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, rectal temperature, temperature and humidity in clothes, and questionnaire survey.

(Leakage rate)
A subject wearing protective clothing made of each protective material enters an airtight chamber filled with corn oil particles, and measures the concentration of particles in the protective clothing (average value per minute) when performing a predetermined action. The leak rate was calculated by the following formula.
Leakage rate (%) = (particle concentration at sampling site / particle concentration in chamber) × 100

[Sampling conditions]
The “right arm” was selected as the sampling position. Sampling air was circulated in the apparatus at 0.5 L / min.

[Operation details]
(1) Stand quietly and breathe normally (1 minute)
(2) Bend forward and touch the fingertips of the legs (once / 20 seconds)
(3) Jogging (1 minute)
(4) Raise your head and arms up (once / 20 seconds)
(5) Bending your knees (twice / 20 seconds)
(6) Crawling with elbows and knees (once / 20 seconds)
(7) Place your hand on your chest and twist your upper body (once / 20 seconds)
(8) Stand quietly and breathe normally (1 minute)

1. Protective material property test A protective material was prepared by the following method, and each property of the obtained protective material was examined.

1-1. Outer layer cloth The outer layer cloth was produced by the following method. Cotton 40th spun yarn was woven by an air jet loom by a conventional method to prepare a 2/1 twill fabric having a warp density of 90 yarns / inch and a weft density of 80 yarns / inch. Subsequently, hair burning, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization, dyeing, and soaping were performed by conventional methods. Further, this dyed fabric was dipped in an aqueous solution containing 40% Pyrobatex CP containing 0.5% N-methyloldimethylphosphonopropionic acid amide and 0.5% ammonium chloride, squeezed so that the pickup became 65%, and dried. -An outer layer fabric was obtained by heat-treating and applying a flameproofing treatment. The outer fabric weight was 121 g / m ² , the air permeability was 110 cm ³ / cm ² · s, and the thickness was 0.22 mm.

1-2. Particle Collection Layer The following materials were used for the particle collection layer (or laminated particle collection layer).

<Meltblown laminated fabric A>
A spunlace nonwoven fabric (weight per unit: 40 g) using a short blown polyethylene terephthalate fiber using a melt blown nonwoven fabric (weight per unit: 15 g / m ² , average single fiber diameter: 0.94 μm, maximum pore diameter: 10.3 μm) made of polyamide resin as a particle collection layer. / M ² ) and a melt blown which is a laminated particle collection layer sandwiched between long fiber nonwoven fabrics (30 g / m ² per unit area) made of a polyethylene terephthalate resin and ultrasonically fused in a 1 inch diamond pattern A laminated fabric A was obtained. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the meltblown laminate fabric A.

<Meltblown laminated fabric B>
A spunlace nonwoven fabric using polyethylene terephthalate short fibers (melt-blown nonwoven fabric made of polybutylene terephthalate resin (weight per unit: 30 g / m ² , average single fiber diameter: 1.93 μm, maximum pore diameter: 13.8 μm) as a particle collection layer) It is sandwiched between long-fiber nonwoven fabrics (weighing 30 g / m ² ) manufactured by a spunbond method consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate resin with a basis weight of 40 g / m ² ). A meltblown laminate fabric B was obtained. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the meltblown laminate fabric B.

<Meltblown laminated fabric C>
A spunlace nonwoven fabric using polyethylene terephthalate short fibers (melt-blown nonwoven fabric made of polybutylene terephthalate resin (weight per unit: 60 g / m ² , average single fiber diameter: 1.02 μm, maximum pore diameter: 2.8 μm) as a particle collection layer) It is sandwiched between long-fiber nonwoven fabrics (weighing 30 g / m ² ) manufactured by a spunbond method consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate resin with a basis weight of 40 g / m ² ). A meltblown laminate fabric C was obtained. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the melt blown laminated fabric C.

<Spunlace nonwoven fabric>
A spunlace nonwoven fabric using polyethylene terephthalate short fibers was used. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the spunlace nonwoven fabric.

<Nanofiber laminated fabric>
Overlaid with a long-fiber non-woven fabric (weighing 30 g / m ² ) made of a polyethylene terephthalate resin and a breathable non-woven hot melt adhesive (weighing 6 g / m ² , melt index 60 g / 10 min) Then, the polyurethane resin was sprayed to 0.5 g / m ² by an electrospinning method as a particle collection layer. Thereafter, on the polyurethane resin side of the laminate, a breathable nonwoven fabric hot melt adhesive (weight per unit: 6 g / m ² , melt index: 60 g / 10 min) and a spunlace nonwoven fabric using a polyethylene terephthalate short fiber (weight per unit: 40 g / m ² ) After being superposed in this order, the nanofiber laminated fabric as the laminated particle collecting layer was obtained by pasting together with a heating roller. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the nanofiber laminated fabric.

<Membrane laminated fabric>
Aquavent (registered trademark) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., which is a waterproof and moisture-permeable fabric coated with nylon resin on a nylon fabric, was used. The nylon fabric used was a 60 gram / m ² plain fabric composed of 78 dtex 96 filaments refined, dyed, water repellent treated and dried by a conventional method, and then coated with a urethane resin solution using a coater. This was introduced into water at 20 ° C., solidified for 3 minutes, and then dried in an oven at 130 ° C. to obtain a microporous film having a resin layer thickness of 50 μm. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the membrane-laminated fabric.

1-3. Gas adsorption layer Activated carbon cloth (fibrous activated carbon knitted fabric) was used as the gas adsorption layer. The activated carbon fabric was prepared by heating a 190 g / m ² milled knitted fabric made of spun yarn of 2.2 decitex 20th novolak-based phenolic resin fiber in an inert atmosphere of 410 ° C. for 30 minutes and then to 870 ° C. for 20 minutes. Then, it was heated in an inert atmosphere to cause carbonization, and then activated at a temperature of 870 ° C. for 2 hours in an atmosphere containing 12% by volume of water vapor. The weight of the obtained activated carbon cloth was 150 g / m ² , the BET specific surface area was 1400 m ² / g, the thickness was 1.00 mm, and the air permeability was 350 cm ³ / cm ² · s.

1-4. Inner layer fabric The inner layer fabric was prepared by the following method. Polyester filaments (33 dtex, 18 filaments) were knitted with a 2-0 / 1-3 structure by a half tricot machine, scoured by a conventional method, and further dyed with a disperse dye. The knitted fabric thus obtained had a thickness of 0.20 mm, a basis weight of 45 g / m ² , and an air permeability of 730 cm ³ / cm ² · s.

1-5. Sample preparation and test Sample 1
The melt blown laminated cloth A which is the laminated particle collecting layer including the particle collecting layer is used to quilt the gas adsorbing layer and the inner cloth, and then the outer layer cloth and the particle collecting layer are laminated and the quilted gas is applied. A protective material was obtained by superposing the adsorbed layer and the inner layer fabric in order such that the gas adsorbing layer side faces the spunlace nonwoven fabric of the meltblown laminated fabric A and stitching them together. The obtained protective material had a basis weight of 410 g / m ² . The air permeability, particle collection efficiency and particle collection efficiency after washing of this protective material were measured. Furthermore, a one-piece type protective clothing was produced from this protective material, and the feeling of wearing and the leakage rate were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

Sample 2-6
A protective material was produced in the same manner as Sample 1 except that the configuration of each layer was changed as shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the air permeability, particle collection efficiency, and particle collection efficiency after washing of the obtained protective material. In addition, one-piece protective clothing was prepared from each protective material, and the wearing feeling and leakage rate were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

  As shown in Table 2, the protective material and protective clothing of the present invention have an excellent balance between the air permeability and the collection efficiency of the protective material, and further, the basis weight of the particle collection layer, the average single fiber diameter, and the maximum fineness. Since the pore diameter balance is also excellent, it can be seen that the worker can be effectively protected against gaseous and particulate harmful substances, and heat stress can be suppressed by air permeability, which is lightweight and highly durable.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer fabric 2 Particle collection layer 3 Gas adsorption layer 4 Inner fabric 5 Protective material 11 Duct 12 Flow meter 13 Valve 14 Blower 15 Sampling tube 16 Particle measuring device

Claims (3)

A protective material having a laminated structure including an outer fabric, a particle collection layer, a gas adsorption layer, and an inner fabric,
The laminated structure has an air permeability measured in accordance with JIS L1096 8.26 of 5 to ³⁰ cm ³ / cm ² · s,
In the laminated structure, the collection efficiency of particles having a particle size of 0.3 to 0.5 μm at a ventilation line speed of 2.5 cm / sec is 60 to 90%,
The particle collection layer is composed of a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 5 to 50 g / m ² , fibers having an average single fiber diameter of 0.5 to 10 μm are blended, and the maximum pore diameter is 0.1 to 40 μm or less. Some protective material.   The protective material according to claim 1, wherein the gas adsorption layer is in the form of fibrous activated carbon woven fabric, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric.   A protective garment using the protective material according to claim 1.