JP2007152826A - Protective material and protective clothing - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lightweight and flexible protective material capable of adsorbing and removing a gaseous organochemical substance by a gas adsorbing layer, having a high protective capacity with respect to harmful mist and fine dust by a particle removing layer having air permeability and suppressing the heat stress of a wearer, and protective clothing. <P>SOLUTION: At least one particle removing layer, keeping an average single fiber diameter of 1-200 nm or below and a single fiber ratio of 200 nm or above in a proportion of 20% or below, and at least one gas adsorbing layer are respectively arranged. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to protective materials and protective clothing for protecting workers handling hazardous chemical substances. Specifically, it can effectively protect workers from gaseous and liquid organic chemicals that are absorbed from the skin and adversely affect the human body, such as organophosphorus compounds, and has air permeability, harmful mist and The present invention relates to a lightweight and flexible protective material and protective clothing that have a high protective performance against fine dust and the like, and can further suppress the heat stress of the wearer.

  Conventionally, various protective clothing for protecting the human body from harmful chemical substances has been proposed. For example, a material made of a material that does not allow permeation of harmful chemical substances, such as a rubber cloth, has been put into practical use, and such protective clothing is excellent in protective performance. However, such protective clothing is inferior in workability due to its heavy fabric, and has no breathability and moisture permeability at all. Working in an extremely hot environment or a harsh manual labor environment causes a great deal of heat to the worker. Stress was added and there was a risk of serious health problems.

Therefore, a protective material having a selective permeability between gas and water vapor generated from the body by a polymer based on cellulose has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, the protective material using such a polymer has almost no air permeability like the rubber-fired type protective garment, and the cause of heat stress on the worker has not been solved.
Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-505775

Further, a protective material obtained by coating polyalkyleneimine or polyallylamine on a moisture-permeable substrate is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 2). However, even in this document, although moisture permeability is provided, the air permeability is still poor under severe environmental conditions, and the wearer's comfort may be impaired as described above.
JP-A-7-504580

On the other hand, a protective laminated fabric made of an adsorbent material such as activated carbon is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 3). These can effectively release sweat and water vapor radiated from the body due to breathability and suppress thermal stress, but for small harmful particulate matter, it is made of breathable material Since it is a protective laminated fabric that has been used, there arises a problem that it cannot be protected. Further, in order to maintain the protective performance for a long time, a relatively large amount of adsorbing material is required. As a result, the basis weight of the protective material and protective clothing is increased, which causes thermal stress.
JP-A-8-308945

  High-performance air filters (HEPA) and ultra-high performance air filters (ULPA) are also known as filters that are known to have high collection efficiency for fine dust and the like. These filter materials are generally ultrafine fibers using inorganic fibers. By using such inorganic ultrafine fibers, high collection efficiency can be expected for small harmful particulate matter, but because it is an inorganic material, it has low strength, processability limitations, incineration problems, etc. And difficult to apply to protective clothing.

In addition, a non-woven clean room garment having an adsorptive substance is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 4). However, such clothes can be removed by adsorption for trace odors emitted from the body, but under severe outdoor air pollution concentrations, the weight of the gas adsorbent corresponding to the gas generated from the body is high, and the adsorbent is broken. There is a concern about the invasion of gas from outside air.
JP-T-2001-524609

  The present invention has been made against the background of the problems of the prior art, and has a high protection performance against harmful mist, fine dust, etc., and is capable of suppressing wearer's thermal stress, and is lightweight and flexible protection. To provide materials and protective clothing.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has finally been completed as a result of intensive studies. That is, (1) a protective material characterized by having at least one particle removal layer and a gas adsorption layer each having an average single fiber diameter of 1 to 200 nm and a single fiber ratio of 200 nm or more being 20% or less, (2) The weight of the particle removal layer is 100 g / m ² or less, and the protective material according to (1), (3) the air permeability of the particle removal layer is 3 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more. The protective material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the protective material according to (1) or (2) and (4) the moisture permeability of the particle removal layer is 167 g / m ² · h or more. (5) The protective material according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the particle removal layer is made of an organic fiber, and (6) the toluene adsorption performance of the gas adsorption layer is 25 g / m ² or more. The protection according to any one of (1) to (5), (7) The protective material according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the gas adsorbing layer is in the form of fibrous activated carbon woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven fabric, and (8) particles on the gas adsorbing layer A protective layer according to any one of (1) to (7), and a protective material according to any one of (9) (1) to (8), wherein the removal layer is directly applied. Protective clothing.

  The protective material and protective clothing according to the present invention can provide excellent protection against liquid harmful chemical substances, harmful fine dust, aerosols such as bacteria and viruses, oil mist, and the like. By providing the layer, it is possible to adsorb and remove even gaseous harmful chemical substances, and it is advantageous in that it is lightweight, flexible, and can suppress heat stress by air permeability.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The average single fiber diameter of the particle removal layer used in the protective material of the present invention is preferably 200 nm or less. By setting the average single fiber diameter to 200 nm or less, a particle removal layer having a high collection efficiency can be obtained even if it is thin, and it is possible to achieve both a high level of comfort and safety that are easy to move and not easily stuffy. Because. More preferably, it is 150 nm or less, More preferably, it is 100 nm or less, Most preferably, it is 80 nm or less.
Moreover, it is preferable that the average single fiber diameter of the particle removal layer used for the protective material of this invention is 1 nm or more. If the thickness is less than 1 nm, not only fiberization becomes difficult, but physical properties close to those of a film are obtained, and it becomes difficult to obtain a particle removal layer having practical strength and excellent moisture permeability. More preferably, it is 5 nm or more, More preferably, it is 10 nm or more.

  The fibers constituting the particle removal layer used in the protective material of the present invention preferably have a single fiber ratio of 200 nm or more of 20% or less. This is because, within such a range, a protective material having high quality, thinness and high moisture permeability can be obtained.

  The material of the particle removal layer is not particularly limited, but rayon, polynosic, cupra, lyocell, acetate, triacetate, nylon, aramid, vinylon, vinylidene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, acrylic, acrylic, polyethylene, polyurethane, Polyclar, polyarylate, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole (PBO), polybenzimidazole, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene Examples include terephthalate, polylactic acid, and polypropylene. It is a preferred form. Further, these materials may be used alone, mixed, or sequentially laminated with another reinforcing base material to form a film.

  Nylon, polyurethane and polycarbonate are preferred as the particle removal layer in view of the balance between air permeability and collection efficiency. Among them, polyurethane is most preferable in terms of comfort when applied to clothes.

  The particle removal layer used in the protective material of the present invention is preferably in the form of a nonwoven fabric. This is because the non-woven fabric shape can provide excellent particle removal performance and is excellent in the balance between flexibility and extensibility. For example, when used as clothing, it is easy to work and stress can be reduced. In addition, it is one of preferable modes to form a film by individually or mixing these materials or sequentially laminating with another reinforcing base material.

The method for producing the nonwoven fabric particle removal layer described above is not particularly limited, and examples include known wet methods, dry methods, melt blown methods, spunbond methods, flash spinning methods, electrospinning methods, and composite fiber splitting methods. However, the electrospinning method is preferable from the viewpoint of producing a nonwoven fabric having a low pressure loss and a fine fiber diameter and a high particle removal rate.
The electrospinning method referred to here is a kind of solution spinning, which is a technique of applying a positive high voltage to a polymer solution and causing fiberization in the process of being sprayed on a grounded or negatively charged surface.

The basis weight of the particle removal layer used for the protective material of the present invention is preferably 5 to 100 g / m ² or less. This is because if it is 100 g / m ² or less, even if it is laminated with a gas adsorbing layer, which will be described later, when it is used as a protective garment, the burden on the operator can be reduced without impairing the lightness and movement following ability. On the other hand, if it is less than 5 g / m ² , problems are likely to occur in strength and particle collection characteristics. More preferably 10~70g / m ^2, more preferably from 15 to 60 g / m ^2.

  The thickness of the particle removal layer used in the protective material of the present invention is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 50 μm or less. This is because, within such a range, a protective material excellent in balance between strength, breathability, moisture permeability, and flexibility, particularly suitable for clothing can be obtained. More preferably, it is 0.5 μm or more and 30 μm or less.

The air permeability of the particle removal layer used for the protective material of the present invention is preferably 3 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more in the air permeability test according to the method described in JIS L 1018 8.33. This is because if it is 3 cm 3 / cm ² · sec or less, the air permeability is low and, for example, when used for protective clothing, the wearer's feeling of wear is significantly impaired.

The moisture permeability of the particle removal layer used for the protective material of the present invention is preferably 167 g / m ² · h or more. If it is 167 g / m ² · h or less, sweat and vapor emitted from the wearer cannot be effectively released to the outside, and the feeling of wear becomes worse.

The particle removal layer may be used alone, but it is also one of preferred modes that it is combined with a breathable base material for reinforcement or protection. The air permeability of the substrate is preferably 150 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more, and more preferably 200 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more in order not to impair the air permeability of the particle removal layer. In order to make the protective material lightweight and flexible while maintaining the strength, the thickness of the base material is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 0.50 mm or less. A sheet-like fiber aggregate or a breathable microporous film or membrane can be used for the substrate. Sheet fiber aggregates include natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, hair, and silk, regenerated fibers such as rayon, polynosic, cupra, and lyocell, semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate and triacetate, nylon, aramid, vinylon, vinylidene, and polychlorinated Examples include woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics made of synthetic fibers such as vinyl, polyester, acrylic, acrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyclar, polyarylate, polybenzazole, polyimide, and polyphenylene sulfide. These fibers may be used alone or in combination by blending, union, union, etc. to form a sheet-like fiber assembly. Examples of the air-permeable microporous film or membrane include sheet-like materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, copolymer polyester, polyurethane, polyether polyurethane, and acrylate. These materials may be used alone, mixed, or sequentially coated and laminated to form a film.

When the particle removal layer is combined with a base material to form a protective material, it can be laminated by a laminating method while preventing a decrease in air permeability and maintaining the flexibility of the material. When adhering between the particle removal layer and the substrate with polyurethane or acrylate emulsion, or when welding or fusing part of the particle removal layer or substrate, do not adhere to the entire surface, but instead adhere to dots. It is preferable to do. It is also possible to perform heat bonding through a low-weight nonwoven fabric, a net-like body, or a powder made of low-melting copolymer polyester, polyamide, or polyolefin. The adhesive used in the present invention is preferably non-woven. Since uniform application is difficult if it is in the form of particles, if it is adhered in a small amount, it cannot be adhered to the substrate, and if it is used in a large amount, it becomes hard.
In addition, the method of coating the substrate by the direct electrospinning method or the like does not require an adhesive, and thus can minimize a decrease in air permeability, and is an extremely effective means.

In addition, in order to prevent the particle removal layer from getting wet due to liquid organic chemicals entering from the outside or sweat released from the body and reducing the collection efficiency, it is not possible to impart water repellency or oil repellency to the particle removal layer. It is an effective means. As a method for imparting water repellency and oil repellency to the particle removal layer, spraying by spraying or impregnation processing can be considered, but impregnation processing is preferable in consideration of uniformity. The water and oil repellents are not particularly limited, such as fluorine resin, silicon resin, wax, and cellulose reaction system.
The water repellency of the sheet is 2 or more, more preferably 4 or more in the 6.2 spray test described in JIS L 1092. Further, the oil repellency of the sheet is AATCC Test Method 118 of 2 or higher, more preferably 4 or higher.

  The protective material of the present invention preferably has at least one particle removal layer in which the collection efficiency of 0.3 μm particulate matter at an air line velocity of 2.5 cm / sec is 90% or more.

This is because by providing such a particle removal layer, the human body can be effectively protected from harmful mist and fine dust. Further preferable collection efficiency is 95% or more.

  The protective material of the present invention preferably has at least one gas adsorbing layer capable of adsorbing gaseous organic chemical substances. This is because it is possible to prevent invasion of toxic gas that cannot be prevented by the particle removal layer.

  The gaseous organic chemical substance here is a gaseous compound having one or more carbon elements. It is a gaseous chemical substance having a relatively large molecular weight of 50 or more and capable of adsorbing a gas adsorbing substance such as activated carbon. For example, organic phosphorus compounds used for agricultural chemicals, insecticides and herbicides, and general organic solvents such as toluene, methylene chloride and chloroform used for painting work and the like can be mentioned.

  The gas adsorbing substances used in the protective material of the present invention are targeted from carbon-based adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon black, or inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel, zeolite-based adsorbent, silicon carbide, and activated alumina. It can select suitably according to a to-be-adsorbed substance. Among them, activated carbon that can deal with a wide range of gases is preferable. Especially, the adsorption speed and adsorption capacity are large, and effective permeation suppression ability can be obtained by using a small amount. Further, when used as protective clothing, it impedes the mobility of workers. Fibrous activated carbon is more preferable because it is difficult.

The adsorption performance of activated carbon is preferably 25 g / m ² or more, more preferably 30 g / m ² or more in terms of toluene adsorption performance. If the toluene adsorption performance is less than 25 g / m ² , many activated carbons are required to obtain sufficient protection, and the protective material becomes heavy.

  The average pore diameter of the activated carbon is preferably 200 nm or less. This is because when the average pore diameter is larger than 200 nm, the adsorbed gaseous organic chemical substance is easily desorbed.

  The pore volume of the activated carbon is preferably 0.25 cc / g or more, more preferably 0.3 cc / g or more. This is because if the pore volume is less than 0.25 cc / g, a large amount of activated carbon is required to obtain sufficient protective performance, and the protective material becomes heavy.

The BET specific surface area of the activated carbon is preferably 700 m ² / g or more and 3000 m ² / g or less, and more preferably 1000 m ² / g or more and 2500 m ² / g or less in order to obtain a sufficient permeation suppressing ability with a small amount of use. If the BET specific surface area is less than 700 m <2> / g, a large amount of activated carbon is required to obtain sufficient protection, and the protective material becomes heavy. On the other hand, when it exceeds 3000 m ² / g, there arises a problem of desorbing the adsorbed gaseous organic chemical substance.

The basis weight of the activated carbon is preferably 25 g / m ² or more and 200 g / m ² or less, more preferably 30 g / m ² or more and 150 g / m ² or less. When it is less than 25 g / m ² , the capacity that can be adsorbed is reduced, and the use time is limited. On the other hand, if it exceeds 200 g / m ² , the protective material becomes heavy and causes heat stress.

  The method of using fibrous activated carbon to obtain effective permeation suppression ability with a small amount of use is an effective means, but as the raw material of fibrous activated carbon to be used, natural cellulose fibers such as cotton and hemp Other examples include regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon, polynosic, solvent spinning, and synthetic fibers such as polyvinyl alcohol fibers, acrylic fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, lignin fibers, phenol fibers, and petroleum pitch fibers. From the physical properties (strength etc.) and adsorption performance of the fibrous activated carbon obtained, regenerated cellulose fibers, phenolic fibers and acrylic fibers are preferred. After weaving, knitting, and nonwoven fabric using these short fibers or long fibers of the raw material fibers and containing an appropriate flameproofing agent as necessary, flameproofing treatment is performed at a temperature of 450 ° C. or lower, Subsequently, fibrous activated carbon can be manufactured by the well-known method of activating carbonization at the temperature of 500 degreeC or more and 1000 degrees C or less.

  As a method for forming fibrous activated carbon into a sheet, a method of adhering a gas adsorbing substance to a sheet substrate with a binder, or a method of making an adsorbent into a slurry including an appropriate pulp and binder, and making a paper with a wet paper machine, or The adsorbent sheet can be obtained by a known method in which the activated carbon fiber raw material fibers are woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabric in advance and subjected to a flame resistance treatment as necessary, followed by carbonization and activation.

  Therefore, the form of the fibrous activated carbon sheet includes woven, knitted, non-woven, felt, paper, film, etc., but the workability when wearing protective clothing, fit to the body, flexibility From the viewpoint of easy lamination, it is preferably a woven, knitted or non-woven fabric.

  In addition, in order to prevent the activated carbon layer from getting wet due to liquid organic chemicals entering from the outside or perspiration released from the body and reducing the adsorption performance, it is effective means to impart water repellency and oil repellency to the activated carbon layer. It is. As a method for imparting water repellency and oil repellency to activated carbon, spraying by spraying or impregnation is generally considered, but impregnation is preferable in consideration of uniformity. The water and oil repellents are not particularly limited, such as fluororesin, silicon resin, wax, and cellulose reaction systems, and the amount of addition is 0.1 to 15 wt%, preferably 0.5 to solid content. 5 wt% is preferable. This is because the water repellency and oil repellency are low when the amount of adhesion is 0.1 wt% or less, and the adsorption performance of the gas adsorption layer is lowered when the amount is 15 wt% or more.

  The water repellency of the sheet is 2 or more, more preferably 4 or more in the 6.2 spray test described in JIS L 1092. Further, the oil repellency of the sheet is AATCC Test Method 118 of 2 or higher, more preferably 4 or higher.

  The following method can be used as a means for laminating the particle removal layer and the gas adsorption layer. As a first method, a sheet-like, granular or powdery gas-adsorbing substance is bonded to the particle removal layer with an adhesive. In the second method, it is possible to sew without bonding and make a shape of a flash. As a third method, there is a method in which a particle removal layer is formed by directly applying a gas adsorption layer prepared in advance by an electrospinning method or the like. It is possible to laminate without using an adhesive or the like as the second and third laminating methods, not lowering the adsorption capacity of the gas adsorbing layer, and a method of making the shape of a flash because it becomes a lightweight protective material, A lamination method in which coating is performed directly is more preferable.

  Examples of the adhesive used in the first method described above include urethane-based, vinyl alcohol-based, ester-based, epoxy-based, vinyl chloride-based, olefin-based, etc., in order to suppress a decrease in moisture permeability due to lamination. Urethane type, vinyl alcohol type and ester type which are moisture permeable adhesives are preferable.

  The melt index of the adhesive to be used is preferably 100 g / 10 min or less, more preferably 80 g / 10 min or less. By setting the amount to 100 g / 10 min or less, the area where the adhesive covers the surface of the gas adsorbing substance is reduced during bonding, and deterioration in gas adsorption performance due to lamination can be suppressed.

  Moreover, laminating with a non-woven adhesive is a useful means. Uniform application is difficult if the adhesive is in the form of particles or dope, and if adsorbed in a small amount, the adsorbent cannot be fixed, and if used in a large amount, it becomes hard and further causes a decrease in adsorption performance. Moreover, it is because air permeability will fall if it is a film form.

  At least one particle removal layer and at least one gas adsorption layer are required, but for the purpose of increasing flexibility and when there are multiple target gases, select the required number of particle removal layers and gas adsorption layers. It is an effective means to use in a superimposed manner.

  The order of stacking the particle removal layer and the gas adsorption layer is not particularly limited, but considering the life of the gas adsorption layer, at least one particle removal layer outside the gas adsorption layer as viewed from the inside of the garment. It is preferable that there is. Moreover, when using two or more particle removal layers, in order to protect a gas adsorption layer, it is good also as a structure which pinches | interposes a gas adsorption layer by a particle removal layer.

The basis weight of the laminate comprising the particle removal layer and the gas adsorption layer is preferably 300 g / m ² or less, more preferably 250 g / m ² or less. If it exceeds 300 g / m ² , the load on the wearer will increase, and sweat and vapor emitted from the body cannot be treated with only air permeability.

  For liquid organic chemicals entering from the outside, it is effective to sandwich liquid-resistant non-woven fabric and oil-absorbing paper etc. outside the particle removal layer or between the particle removal layer and the gas adsorption layer. It becomes a means. The material of the nonwoven fabric to be used is not particularly limited, such as polyolefin, polyester, polylactic acid, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinylidene chloride.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an outer layer additional layer may be provided on the outermost side of the laminated material composed of the particle removal layer and the gas adsorption layer. The purpose of the outer layer additional layer is to protect the particle removal layer and the gas adsorbing layer from the mechanical force given from the outside, to supplement the mechanical strength, and to provide the fabric with water repellency and oil repellency, A knitted fabric or a nonwoven fabric is preferred.

  As an outer layer additional layer, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or a nonwoven fabric having a water repellency of 4 or more when the 6.2 spray test described in JIS L 1092 is performed and an oil repellency of AATCC Test Method 118 of 4 or more. Can be preferably used, but it is recommended to use one that is flexible.

  The laminated material consisting of the particle removal layer and the gas adsorbing layer and the outer layer additional layer may be pre-adhered with an adhesive, or may be sewn in a state of being superposed without bonding, considering flexibility, You may make clothes.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an inner layer additional layer may be provided on the innermost side of the laminated material composed of the particle removal layer and the gas adsorption layer. Examples of the inner layer additional layer include materials such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, and apertured films, but woven fabrics or knitted fabrics woven or knitted at a coarse density are preferable in terms of air permeability and flexibility. The purpose of the inner layer additional layer is to protect the gas adsorbing substance and the particle removal layer from mechanical force applied from the outside, and to suppress the sticky feeling of the protective clothing wearer due to sweat.

  Laminating the inner layer additional layer and the gas adsorbing layer in advance by quilting is an effective means for suppressing the deterioration of the performance of the gas adsorbing layer due to the lamination and obtaining a more flexible laminated material.

The basis weight of the laminate provided with the outer layer additional layer and / or the inner layer additional layer is preferably 500 g / m ² or less, more preferably 450 g / m ² or less. If it exceeds 500 g / m ² , the basis weight of the protective clothing will increase and cause heat stress.

  EXAMPLES Next, although this invention is demonstrated concretely using an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not restrict | limited by these Examples. The evaluation described in the examples is based on the method described below.

  Gas permeability test: FIG. 2 shows a container diagram used in the test. The test sample is sandwiched between two glass cells with an internal volume of 150 cc, and the periphery is sealed with paraffin. From the upper cell of this test container, 20 μL of 3-methoxybutyl acetate is dropped onto the test product. Put this in a constant temperature box set at 25 ± 2 ° C, sample the gas concentration on the lower cell side at regular intervals, and measure the gas concentration that permeated the test piece by gas chromatography.

  Moisture permeability: compliant with JIS L 1099 calcium chloride method.

  BET specific surface area: An adsorption isotherm of nitrogen is obtained and calculated by the BET method based on this.

  Unit weight per unit area in the standard state (unit weight): According to JIS L 1018 8.4 and JIS L 1096 8.4.

  Thickness: According to JIS L 1018 8.5 and JIS L 1096 8.5.

  Melt index: According to JIS K 7210.

  Breathability: According to JIS L 1018 8.33 and JIS L 1096 8.4.

  Bending resistance: According to JIS L 1096 8.27.

  Single fiber ratio of single fiber diameter of 200 nm or more: 200 fiber diameters were randomly calculated from SEM photographs, and single fiber ratio of 200 nm or more was calculated.

  Wearing feeling: Heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, rectum after walking on a treadmill at a speed of 5 km / hr for 10 minutes in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 32 ° C and 70% RH while wearing a one-piece type protective clothing Comprehensive evaluation based on measurement of temperature and temperature / humidity in clothes and questionnaire survey.

  The particle collection efficiency was measured using a polyalphaolefin particle having a particle diameter of 0.3 μm and the particle collection efficiency measuring instrument shown in FIG. The particle removal layer is installed in the duct, and the flow meter is controlled by a valve so that the filter ventilation line speed becomes 2.5 cm / sec, and the number of polyalphaolefin particles upstream and downstream of the nonwoven fabric is measured by a particle measuring instrument (manufactured by RION Co., Ltd.). KC-14). The particle collection efficiency was calculated using Equation 1.

(Formula 1)
Particle collection efficiency (%) = (1−the number of downstream particles / the number of upstream particles) × 100

The following materials were used for the particle removal layer.
The ratio of single fibers having an average single fiber diameter of 120 nm and 200 nm or more is 7%, the basis weight is 20 g / m ² , the thickness is 0.05 mm, and the air permeability is 20 cm ³ / cm ² · at a pressure difference of 1.27 cm. A non-woven fabric obtained by a charge spinning method with a moisture permeability of 512 g / m ² · h was used. The non-woven fabric had a particle collection efficiency of 93% at a ventilation line speed of 2.5 cm / sec of 0.3 μm. The nonwoven fabric used was made of nylon resin.

A fibrous activated carbon knitted fabric was produced as a gas adsorption layer by the following method. 200 g / m ² milling knitted fabric made of spun yarn of 2.2 decitex 20th novolak-based phenolic resin fiber was heated in an inert atmosphere at 410 ° C. for 30 minutes, then to 870 ° C. for 20 minutes in an inert atmosphere Then, carbonization was advanced by heating in the atmosphere, and then activated for 2 hours at a temperature of 870 ° C. in an atmosphere containing 12% by volume of steam. The knitted fibrous activated carbon thus obtained had an absolutely dry mass of 120 g / m ² , a BET specific surface area of 1400 m ² / g, a thickness of 1.00 mm, and an air permeability of 320 cm ³ / cm at a pressure difference of 1.27 cm. ² · s.

The outer layer additional layer was produced by the following method. A plain woven fabric using 40 yarns of cotton yarn was subjected to fluorine-based water and oil repellency treatment, and 0.54 wt% was adhered as a resin solid content. The obtained woven fabric has a thickness of 0.22 mm, a basis weight of 120 g / m ² , a bending resistance of 0.56 gf · cm, and a breathability of 50 cm ³ / cm ² · s with a water level gauge of 1.27 cm. The degree was 5 and the oil repellency was grade 6.

The inner layer additional layer was produced by the following method. Polyester filaments (33 dtex, 18 filaments) were knitted with a 2-0 / 1-3 structure by a half tricot machine, scoured by a conventional method, and further dyed with a disperse dye. The knitted fabric thus obtained has a thickness of 0.20 mm, a basis weight of 45 g / m ² , and a breathability of 700 cm ³ / cm ² · s with a water level gauge of 1.27 cm, water repellency of 5, oil repellency It was 6th grade.

[Example 1]
After adhering the particle removal layer and the gas adsorbing layer with a breathable non-woven hot melt adhesive having a basis weight of 20 g / m ² and a melt index of 60 g / 10 min, the outer layer additional layer and the inner layer additional layer are bonded with a hot melt type urethane adhesive. Used and laminated by point adhesion. The obtained protective material had a basis weight of 366 g / m ² , a thickness of 1.47 mm, and a moisture permeability of 402 g / m ² · h. Table 1 shows the results of collection efficiency and wearing feeling using this protective material. The gas permeability test results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 1]
The average single fiber diameter is 400 nm, the ratio of single fibers of 200 nm or more is 91%, and the particle collection efficiency of 0.3 μm at an air line velocity of 2.5 cm / sec is 34%. A melt-blown non-woven fabric of m ² , thickness of 0.20 mm and moisture permeability of 458 g / m ² · h is used in the same manner as in Example 1 and has a gas adsorbing layer, a basis weight of 20 g / m ² and a melt index of 60 g / 10 min. After bonding with the hot melt adhesive, the outer layer additional layer and the inner layer additional layer were laminated by point bonding using a hot melt type urethane adhesive. The obtained protective material had a basis weight of 374 g / m ² , a thickness of 1.51 mm, and a moisture permeability of 409 g / m ² · h. Table 1 shows the results of collection efficiency and wearing feeling using this protective material. Table 2 shows the gas permeability test results.

  Example 1 is a suitable protective material excellent in particle removal performance, gas permeation suppression capability and wearing feeling, whereas Comparative Example 1 is a result of inferior particle collection efficiency and becomes a desired protective clothing material. The result was not obtained.

  The protective material and protective garment of the present invention are formed by laminating a particle removal layer and a gas adsorbing layer so that the worker can absorb the liquid and gaseous organic chemicals that are absorbed from the skin and have an adverse effect on the human body, such as organic phosphorus compounds. It is related to protective materials and protective clothing that can protect the wearer's thermal stress by being lightweight and breathable, and can be used for protective clothing, agricultural materials, protective tents, medical supplies, etc. It is important to contribute to the industry.

It is sectional drawing which shows the protective material made into the laminated body of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the test container used for a gas-permeability test method. It is the schematic of the test apparatus used for particle collection efficiency measurement.

Explanation of symbols

1: outer layer additional layer 2: particle removal layer 3: gas adsorption layer 4: inner layer additional layer 5: upper cell (150 cc)
6: Sampling port 7: Test solution 8: Test product 9: Paraffin sealing 10: Lower cell (150 cc)
11: Particle generator 12: Duct 13: Non-woven fabric 14: Flow meter 15: Valve 16: Blower 17: Particle measuring device 18: Sampling tube

Claims (9)

  A protective material having at least one particle removal layer and a gas adsorption layer each having an average single fiber diameter of 1 to 200 nm and a single fiber ratio of 200 nm or more being 20% or less. ^2. The protective material according to claim 1, wherein the basis weight of the particle removal layer is 100 g / m ² or less. The protective material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air permeability of the particle removal layer is 3 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more. The protective material according to claim 1, wherein the moisture permeability of the particle removal layer is 167 g / m ² · h or more.   The protective material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the particle removal layer is made of an organic fiber. The protective material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gas adsorption layer has a toluene adsorption performance of 25 g / m ² or more.   The protective material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gas adsorption layer is in the form of fibrous activated carbon woven fabric, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric.   The protective material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a particle removal layer is directly coated on the gas adsorption layer.   A protective clothing using the protective material according to claim 1.

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