DE10335696B4 - Multi-ply filter material and use of the filter material to make a garment or sleeping bag - Google Patents

Abstract

Multilayer, textile filter material against chemical and / or biological pollutants, in particular for the production of clothing, with a textile layer (1) arranged on the outside on the penetration side of pollutants, with a flexible windproof and water-repellent membrane (2), which has at least one barrier for biological pollutants with a carbon layer (3) in which carbon is present in fiber or particle form and with a protective layer (4), the carbon layer (3) being arranged on the side of the membrane (2) to be protected by the pollutants, wherein on one side of the carbon layer (3) the membrane (2) and on the other side of the protective layer (4) is arranged, and wherein the membrane (2), the carbon layer (3) and the protective layer (4) connected to each other by lamination wherein lamination is a point-in-point lamination, and wherein the textile ply (1) loosely overlies the membrane (2) t is.

Description

The invention relates to a multilayer, textile filter material against chemical and / or biological contaminants, in particular for the production of clothing.

In the US 5,264,276 A a multilayer laminate is described which is intended to protect against chemical pollutants. As materials while rubber and fluoropolymers are described as barrier materials. In addition, a layer of porous polytetrafluoroethylene is provided, which gives a water-tightness with simultaneous breathability by a water vapor permeability. The thermoplastic barrier is a polymer layer.

In the US 6,511,927 B1 A breathable, waterproof laminate is described using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.

The EP 0 649 332 B1 describes a multilayer, textile, gas-permeable filter material against chemical pollutants. In this case, a textile surface layer is provided with activated carbon fibers in the form of a fabric, filter, knitted fabric or fleece. In addition, a textile carrier layer of microfibre fabric is provided, which is indeed permeable to gas, but protects against wind load. Due to a full-surface lamination of the individual layers, however, there is a very limited breathability.

In all the known filter materials, the protective effect against chemical pollutants is achieved by the adsorption effect of the activated carbon layer.

Disadvantage is, however, that the filter effect is significantly reduced when z. B. in a clothing, the wearer is exposed to a wind.

A further disadvantage is that the filter effect decreases considerably or may completely fail under certain circumstances, when the activated carbon layer is wet. This means that they z. B. is ineffective against liquid pollutants and to excrete gaseous pollutants even with a penetration of water in their effectiveness, is also significantly reduced, if not a complete failure occurs.

The filtering effect is also essentially only against gaseous, organic chemicals. There is only limited protection against inorganic chemicals.

The general state of the art is also on the EP 1 308 186 A2 and 1 269 877 A2 referred to as earlier applications of the applicant.

In addition, the concerns DE 693 01 091 T2 protective covering materials which are suitable for protecting persons from harmful gases and at the same time have a high water vapor permeability. The cover materials have water vapor permeable coated materials and coverings which protect persons or objects from harmful gases such as mustard gas or other harmful chemical substances.

Furthermore, the concerns EP 0 649 332 B1 a multilayer, textile, gas-permeable filter material against chemical pollutants having a first layer based on a textile carrier layer, with a first layer connected to the second layer based on an adhesive layer and with a second layer applied thereto and connected thereto third layer, which activated Includes carbon fibers. In this case, the adhesive layer is formed on the basis of a Klebefasergespinstes, fleece, grid, an adhesive film, an adhesive fabric or -gewirks or laminated on the adjacent layer in Flammkaschierungsverfahren open-cell foam layer. In addition, the adhesive layer with the first and third layers is connected flat.

The WO 93/08024 also relates to a composite material which can be used as a protective material and has an outer microporous membrane and a nonwoven fabric, an active carbon-containing intermediate layer and an inner, skin-contacting layer.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a filter material which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular an improved protective function in terms of fire protection, which offers water permeability, wind permeability and mechanical damage and improved breathability.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a flexible, wind and water-repellent membrane which forms at least one barrier against biological pollutants, and with a carbon layer in which carbon is present in fiber or particle form, wherein the carbon layer on that of pollutants. is arranged to be protected side of the membrane.

The present invention - according to a first aspect of the invention - is thus a multilayer, textile filter material against chemical and / or biological pollutants, which is suitable for the production of garments, with an outside on the Eindringseite of pollutants arranged textile layer with a flexible windproof and water-repellent Membrane, which forms at least one barrier for biological contaminants, with a carbon layer in which carbon is present in fiber or particle form, and with a protective layer, the carbon layer being arranged on the side of the membrane to be protected by the pollutants, on one side of which Carbon layer is arranged on the membrane and on the other side of the protective layer, and wherein the membrane, the carbon layer and the protective layer are bonded together by lamination, wherein as a lamination, a point-in-point lamination is provided, and wherein the textile layer loosely over the Membrane is arranged.

The composite according to the invention on the one hand achieves a high level of protection against the penetration of chemical and biological pollutants and, on the other hand, in the case of a piece of clothing or even of a sleeping bag, a high wearing comfort. Thus, the wind-tightness of the membrane prevents wind from passing through the filter material, thereby affecting the effectiveness of the carbon layer. Due to the water-tightness at the same time also a wetting or penetration of liquid chemicals is prevented in the carbon layer, which would also lead to a deterioration of effectiveness.

When liquid pollutants penetrate, they disperse in the membrane and - unless they are blocked - diffuse so slowly that they arrive in an aggregate state at the carbon layer, where it is effective again. Experiments in practice have shown that the filter material according to the invention has a significantly better and above all longer protective effect than known filter materials.

In a corresponding embodiment of the membrane, they can also filter out biological contaminants or form a barrier for them. When using microporous membranes, such as. As polytetrafluoroethylene, it is only necessary to choose such a small pore size that only water vapor passes through the small pores. Since biological contaminants are generally larger, they are prevented from penetrating in this way.

When using hydrophilic membranes, such as. For example, while polyester, polyester, polyester copolymer and the like are not microporous, thin films in a structure wherein water vapor molecules can pass through molecular motions, water is not. Again, there is a barrier against biological contaminants.

By means of the composite according to the invention, it is also possible to design the carbon layer thinner and indeed without its effectiveness suffers. This means the wearing comfort in the case of a clothing gets better. In addition, the composite according to the invention as a clothing at the same time also provides a very good protection against the weather due to the wind and water resistance with simultaneous breathability.

The design as a flexible membrane is achieved that it does not crack when used as garment, z. As washing, drying, or by the movement of the carrier. Activated carbon fabrics or knits can not be washed without being damaged due to their low mechanical stability. However, the filter material according to the invention with the membrane ensures multiple washes.

Of course, various other materials are possible for the membrane, which form a barrier against biological contaminants, such as. As cellophane-based materials, polyesters, polyethers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, polyurethanes and mixtures thereof together with other materials.

The membrane may be hydrophilic, hydrophobic or fluorinated or coated accordingly.

The carbon layer can consist of a woven or knitted fabric consisting of 100% activated fibers or else of activated carbon beads which have been applied to a carrier material. In the former case, the knitted fabric is at the same time the protective layer. However, activated carbon beads do not occur as a knitted fabric or fabric, but are therefore glued to a separate carrier material.

The filter material according to the invention is designed as a three- or multi-layer laminate, wherein the membrane is connected to the carbon layer by a lamination and simultaneously forms the protective layer for the carbon layer on one side in the case of a three-layer laminate. On the other side of the carbon layer is also a lamination with a separate protective layer.

The formation as a multi-layer laminate with a membrane or with two membranes, a carbon layer and one or more protective layers and the arrangement of the individual layers can optionally be carried out according to the intended requirements. So z. B. the protective layer of a textile fabric or knitted fabric made of natural or synthetic material. The fabric can be knitted or woven or even made of non-woven material. It can be treated hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Likewise, an increased flame resistance should be provided. The same applies to antistatic and / or antibacterial treatment.

For lamination according to the invention a pointwise, point by point or point by point lamination is provided.

The filter material according to the invention can be used for clothing, but also for other Matexialien such. As sleeping bags or tents are provided. As garments this two-piece or preferably one-piece suits are possible. Likewise come gloves, socks, stockings, shoes, shoe inserts or underwear from the filter material according to the invention into consideration.

As outer layer can be a textile layer, z. As a top fabric, be provided, which is treated hydrophobic and / or is designed such that it is not visible against infrared detection. For the visual field, a corresponding camouflage print on the textile layer can be provided.

According to the invention, you will not laminate the outside textile layer with an underlying membrane, but z. B. in the form of a laminate as loose hanging lining material, a so-called Z-liner train. In this case, a further security against mechanical damage is given, because a simultaneous injury, z. As a crack, the outer fabric layer and the underlying flexible membrane is less likely than a lamination.

In a very advantageous embodiment or development of the invention can be provided that the carbon layer is impregnated. The impregnation can by various plastics, such. As polytetrafluoroethylene, or by metal.

In particular, impregnations with metal ions provide additional protection, as they allow the chemisorption of some pollutants. An impregnation with copper gives additional protection against hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, cyanide chloride. Impregnation with a mixture of copper and chromium provides protection against the substances mentioned above and against cyanides. An impregnation with silver gives additional protection against hydrogen sulfide, phosgene, phosphine and arsenic. The impregnations take place in bathrooms.

The impregnations with the metals listed above can be made individually in various combinations, but also - depending on the application.

Instead of embedding active carbon particles in the form of beads or in fiber form in a woven or knitted fabric, these may also be embedded in a plastic foam, such as. B. in polyurethane foam. In this case, one will use spherically shaped carbon particles surrounded on all sides by the foam and present in an amount to form a filter layer. In this case, optionally even a protective layer on one or both sides of the carbon layer can be omitted if the plastic foam is formed sufficiently stable.

Advantageous developments and refinements emerge from the remaining subclaims and in the embodiments described below with reference to the drawing.

It shows:

1 an embodiment as a three-layer laminate;

2 an embodiment as a four-layer laminar;

3 an embodiment as an intermediate laminate (not according to the invention);

4 a schematic representation of a point-by-point lamination for a three-layer laminate;

5 a schematic diagram of a protective suit of a filter material according to 1 . 2 or 3 ; and

6 a schematic diagram of a sleeping bag made of a filter material according to 1 . 2 or 3 ,

1 shows a simple embodiment with an outside textile layer 1 (related to the pollutant side) as a top fabric, an underlying membrane 2 and an internal carbon layer 3 , so that on the side facing away from the pollutant side of the membrane 2 lies. The membrane 2 and the carbon layer 3 are laminated together. The outside textile layer 1 However, as an outer fabric is loose over the membrane 2 arranged.

In the carbon layer 3 100% activated carbon fibers or carbon beads are arranged.

Inside or below the carbon layer 3 is a carrier material or a protective layer 4 , which also by lamination with the carbon layer 3 connected is.

The 2 shows an embodiment of the filter material according to the invention as a multi-layer laminate. As can be seen, here is between the carbon layer 3 and the membrane 2 still an intermediate layer introduced. The other layers correspond to those in the 1 described layers. The intermediate layer can serve as a further protective layer 4 ' serve for the carbon layer and is on both sides with the membrane 2 and the carbon layer 3 laminated.

However, it is also possible at this point as an intermediate layer, a second membrane 2 ' to bring in the membrane 2 complements and forms according to their design another barrier.

Also in this case are the two membranes and 2 ' , the carbon layer 3 and also the protective layer 4 laminated together. The upperware 1 is arranged loosely above it.

The 3 shows a non-inventive embodiment of a filter material as a two-layer laminate. The carbon layer 3 ' is not formed in this case of a woven or knitted fabric, but of a plastic foam made of polyurethane, are embedded in the spherical carbon particles. The carbon layer 3 ' Made of a plastic foam can on one side with the membrane 2 be laminated. On the other hand, she can be free. Of course, it is also possible here also apply another layer or loosely provide a lining, as z. B. with the top fabric 1 also the case is.

The membrane 2 is flexible, so that in the laminate corresponding strains in both the transverse and in the longitudinal direction are possible without the membrane 2 tears. Furthermore, the membrane 2 windproof and water repellent, but breathable.

The lamination can be done in various ways via an adhesive material.

In the 4 is in principle a "point-in-point" or point-by-point lamination of a three-layer laminate described. As can be seen, the carbon layer becomes 3 between two opposing rollers 21 that is distributed with a variety of over the circumference and along the length of the rollers 21 arranged notches, indentations or the like 22 are provided, pulled through. In a manner not shown (see arrows) adhesive is in the notches 22 introduced, which thus during rotation on both sides of the carbon layer 3 is applied in dot form. This method is known in principle, which is why will not be discussed in more detail below. As can be seen, there are adhesive dots 23 on the top and bottom of the carbon layer 3 arranged so that they face each other, whereby the breathability is only slightly impaired. On two more rolls 24 become the membrane 2 and the protective layer 4 admitted, between the two rolls 24 then pressed and thus with the carbon layer 3 glued pointwise.

If z. B. the outer loosely lying over the composite textile layer or upper fabric 1 has been injured, z. B. by a cut, then gives the membrane 2 yet additional protection, because due to the loose pad the membrane 2 is better protected.

The carbon layer may be formed as a fabric, whereby it has very good washing and drying properties. Up to 20 or more washes may be possible without reducing the protective effect.

If a membrane is used which is hydrophilic then the outer textile layer should be hydrophobic so that it does not get wet.

After the lamination of the filter material, a garment can be produced therefrom in any desired manner. Of course, it is important to pay attention to a tightness at the seams. For this purpose reference is made to the earlier patent rights of the Applicant ( EP 1 3 08 186 A2 and EP 1 269 877 A2 ).

5 shows in a schematic representation of a protective suit as overalls 5 made of a filter material according to the 1 . 2 or 3 is made. For details of such a protective suit 5 will be on the EP 1 308 186 A2 referred, so why only briefly on the essential parts of the coveralls or protective suit 5 will be received. The protective suit 5 has two leg parts 6 and 7 , Poor 8th and 9 , an integrated hood 10 and also integrated socks 11 on.

If carbon in the form of small beads is used as the active carbon, this z. B. in a nonwoven bring with both sides arranged protective layers as covering material and to protect the carbon beads.

Activated carbon can also be made in fiber form from a knit or fabric. To produce the active carbon fiber fibers, it is known to burn viscose fibers or a viscose fabric or knitted fabric in a controlled manner and to control the combustion process so that activated carbon with extremely fine pores is formed, which then act as a filter material.

The thickness of the carbon layer may be between 0.2 to 1.0 mm, preferably between 0.4 to 0.8 mm.

Advantageous active surfaces of the carbon layer are in a range of 800 to 2,000 m ² / g, preferably between 1,000 to 1,200 m ² / g.

The pore size may be in the tissue of the carbon layer 3 2 to 10 Angstrom.

With the above-mentioned values regarding active surface area, carbon layer thickness and pore size, very good values have been achieved in practice.

The carbon layer 3 may have a basis weight of 50 to 500 g / m ² , preferably 100 to 200 g / m ² , wherein the active surface area is in a range of 500 to 2,500 m ² / g, preferably 1,000 to 1,200 m ² / g ,

The thickness of the carbon layer 3 may be in a range of 0.2 to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.4 to 1.0 mm.

The protective suit 5 can continue with a zipper 12 , with pockets 13 , Arm cuffs 14 and with a glove 15 be provided. At the hip can be an elastic waistband 16 be provided. If necessary, can still a gas mask 21 be provided.

6 shows a schematic representation of a sleeping bag 17 from a filter material according to the 1 . 2 or 3 , The sleeping bag can in a known manner with a zipper 18 be provided, which as well as the zipper 12 of the protective suit 5 must be sealed against the ingress of chemical and / or biological contaminants. For this purpose, z. B. on the EP 1 269 877 A2 referred to the applicant.

The sleeping bag 17 can in a known manner from a main body 19 and a headboard 20 consist.

Claims (40)

Multilayer, textile filter material against chemical and / or biological pollutants, in particular for the production of clothing, with a textile layer arranged on the outside on the penetration side of pollutants ( 1 ), with a flexible windproof and water-repellent membrane ( 2 ), which forms at least one barrier for biological pollutants, with a carbon layer ( 3 ) in which carbon is present in fiber or particle form, and with a protective layer ( 4 ), wherein the carbon layer ( 3 ) on the side of the membrane to be protected by the pollutants ( 2 ) is arranged, wherein on one side of the carbon layer ( 3 ) the membrane ( 2 ) and on the other side the protective layer ( 4 ), and wherein the membrane ( 2 ), the carbon layer ( 3 ) and the protective layer ( 4 ) are bonded together by lamination, wherein as lamination a point-in-point lamination is provided, and wherein the textile layer ( 1 ) loosely over the membrane ( 2 ) is arranged. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that on both sides of the carbon layer ( 3 ) a protective layer ( 4 . 4 ' ) is arranged. Filter material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protective layer ( 4 . 4 ' ) is formed as a textile fabric. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two flexible membranes ( 2 . 2 ' ) on the penetration side of pollutants in front of the carbon layer ( 3 ) are arranged. Filter material according to claim 4, characterized in that on one side of the carbon layer ( 3 ) the protective layer through the membrane ( 2 . 2 ' ) is formed. Filter material according to claim 5, characterized in that the textile layer ( 1 ) is designed as a textile top fabric. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) is hydrophilic or coated with a hydrophilic material. Filter material according to claim 7, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) Polyester and / or polyether or a mixture thereof. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) is microporous. Filter material according to claim 9, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) Polytetrafluoroethylene, in particular expanded polytetrafluoroethylene having. Filter material according to claim 10, characterized in that the pores have such a size or that the pores are partially closed so that on the one hand biological and / or chemical pollutants are prevented in one passage, on the other hand given a water vapor permeability. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon layer ( 3 ) comprises a woven fabric of knitted or knitted material. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon layer ( 3 ) has a basis weight of 50 to 500 g / m ² . Filter material according to claim 13, characterized in that the carbon layer ( 3 ) has a basis weight of 100 to 200 g / m ² . Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the active surface of the carbon layer ( 3 ) is in a range of 800 to 2,000 m ² / g. Filter material according to claim 15, characterized in that the active surface of the carbon layer ( 3 ) is in a range of 1,000 to 1,200 m ² / g. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the carbon layer ( 3 ) is in a range of 0.2 to 1.0 mm. Filter material according to claim 17, characterized in that the thickness of the carbon layer ( 3 ) is in a range of 0.4 to 0.8 mm. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon layer ( 3 ) is impregnated. Filter material according to claim 19, characterized in that the impregnation comprises silver. Filter material according to claim 19, characterized in that the impregnation comprises copper. Filter material according to claim 19, characterized in that the impregnation comprises chromium. Filter material according to claim 19, characterized in that the impregnation comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) based on cellophane. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) Has polyvinyl alcohols. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) Has polyacrylamides. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) Polyurethane. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective layer ( 4 . 4 ' ) comprises a textile fabric made of natural or synthetic material. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane ( 2 ) is fluorinated or provided with a fluorinated layer. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon layer ( 3 ) is provided with active carbon beads. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon layer ( 3 ) comprises a woven fabric of activated carbon fibers. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon layer ( 3 ) comprises knitted activated carbon fibers. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon layer ( 3 ) by a plastic foam ( 3 ' ) is formed, are introduced into the carbon particles. Filter material according to claim 33, characterized in that the plastic foam ( 3 ' ) Polyurethane, in which the carbon particles are embedded. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that as material for the membrane ( 2 ) a foam-like material is provided. Filter material according to claim 12, characterized in that the pore size in the fabric of the fibrous layer ( 3 ) Is 2 to 10 angstroms. Use of a filter material according to any one of claims 1 to 36 for the manufacture of a garment. Use of a filter material according to claim 37 for the manufacture of a glove. Use of a filter material according to claim 37 for the production of socks or stockings. Use of a filter material according to any one of claims 1 to 36 for the manufacture of a sleeping bag.

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