NL2037796A

NL2037796A - Chemical control lodging-resistant cultivation method for corn

Info

Publication number: NL2037796A
Application number: NL2037796A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Wen Zhangrong; Song Jianmin; Xu Yonggang; Gu Dalu; Wen Tinggang; Li Ke; Yang Wenfei; Yang Wei; Lu Dalei; Du Xiaofeng
Original assignee: Huaiyin Agricultural Science Res Institute In Xuhuai District Jiangsu Province; Univ Huaiyin Normal
Priority date: 2024-05-28
Filing date: 2024-05-28
Publication date: 2024-06-19

Abstract

The invention provides a chemical control lodging-resistant cultivation method for corn, which speciﬁcally comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a planting ﬁeld, applying base fertilizer, and ploughing the base fertilizer into the soil, step 2, seed 5 dressing with lodging-resistant seed dressing agent, drying in the shade and sowing, and applying compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer along with sowing, step 3, topdressing NPK compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, applying 40% ethephon and choline chloride at the 7-8 leaf stage of corn. Ethephon can inhibit the synthesis of gibberellin, shorten the internode distance of crops and enhance the 10 lodging resistance of plants. Choline chloride can signiﬁcantly increase the number and size of corn leaves, increase chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis efﬁciency and increase the yield and quality of corn. It can also improve the stress resistance of plants such as drought tolerance, cold tolerance, salt tolerance and alkali tolerance, spraying choline chloride together with ethephon can not only inhibit plant height synergistically, 15 but also effectively balance the side effects of ethephon.

Description

Chemical control lodging-resistant cultivation method for corn

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, in particular to a chemical control lodging-resistant cultivation method for corn.

BACKGROUND

Corn refers to the maize seed of grass family herbaceous plant, with the scientific name of maize, commonly known as cob, guinea corn. Corn is coarse grains in the coarse food grain, and the consumption of corn is quite beneficial to human health.

Lodging of corn is a kind of production disaster that causes corn plants to tilt or fall to the ground due to improper management in the process of corn growth, but with the change of global climate, extreme weather is also an important factor for corn lodging.

According to the lodging situation, it is generally divided into three types: root lodging, stem lodging and stem folding.

Root lodging: the corn plant does not bend or break, and the root system of the plant changes its fixed position in the soil. Root lodging mostly occurs in the corn growth after jointing stage, due to bad wind and rain or irrigation after the wind and caused. Stem lodging: the root system position of the corn plant in the soil remains unchanged, but the plant's upper and middle parts are bent. Stem lodging mostly occurs in the density of too large plots or stalk toughness of good varieties. Stem folding: the root system position of corn plants in the soil remains unchanged, the stem and does not bend, from a section of the stem folded.

With the increasing density of corn planting, the corresponding water and fertiliser inputs have also increased, and the increased density of the corn population, the corn plant height and the ear position become higher, resulting in a higher centre of gravity of the corn plant, and the risk of corn lodging has increased, and is very prone to inverted folding, leading to yield reduction and increased mechanical harvesting loss rate. At present, the contradiction between high yield and lodging has become a serious obstacle to high yield, stable yield and mechanised harvesting of corn. Therefore, many researchers have devoted themselves to solving the problem of lodging in order to obtain high yields.

In the traditional method of corn chemical control to prevent the lodging, the use of chemical control agents is often chosen at the fully expanded 6-7 leaf stage to control the elongation of the corn internodes and reduce the height of the plant to achieve the purpose of the anti-lodging of the corn. However, suppressing corn internode elongation and reducing plant height during this period has very significant technical risks: one is that it will cause excessive dwarfing of plants and reduce biomass; and the other is that it will also reduce the nitrogen uptake efficiency of corn and reduce the accumulation of organic matter in the body of the corn, thereby reducing yields.

Therefore, it 1s an urgent problem to be solved to provide lodging-resistant cultivation technology, which is simple and easy to operate, and without the risk of yield reduction.

SUMMARY

Aiming at the above problems, the invention provides a chemical control lodging- resistant cultivation method for corn, which specifically comprises the following steps:

Step 1, land selection and soil preparation choosing plots with fertile soil and good drainage as planting fields; applying base fertilizer in the field, and ploughing the base fertilizer into the soil for 15-20 cm in combination with the cultivated land; making ridges after 5-7 days after ploughing, the ridge width is 45-50 cm, the ridge spacing is 20-25 cm, and drip irrigation belts are arranged on the ridges.

Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises urea, decomposed cow dung, plant ash, decomposed chicken manure and zinc lignosulfonate.

Preferably, the application amount of urea is 45-60kg/mu, and the application amount of decomposed cow dung is 400-500 kg/mu; the application amount of plant ash is 20- kg/mu, the application amount of decomposed chicken manure is 200-400 kg/mu, and the application amount of zinc lignosulfonate is 1-2 kg/mu.

Step 2, seed treatment mixing corn seeds with lodging-resistant seed dressing agent for seed dressing, taking out the seeds after 8-12 h, drying in the shade for 1-2 days, and starting sowing, wherein 30 the seed amount is 5000-5500 plants/mu(1l mu=666.67 nm}, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, the row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the sowing depth is 8-12 cm, and sowing is carried out on ridges; applying NPK compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer along with sowing, and watering until the soil water content is 70-80%.

Preferably, the components of the lodging-resistant seed dressing agent in step 2 are salicylic acid, uniconazole, triadimefon, zinc sulfate, EDTA and water in a mass ratio of 3:5:5:8: 7: 1500.

Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the corn seeds to the lodging-resistant seed dressing agentis 1:(1-2).

Preferably, the nutrient components of NPK compound fertilizer are N:P:K=15:15:15 with an application rate of 25-35 kg/mu, the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride with an application rate of 15-25 kg/mu, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate with an application rate of 2-3 kg/mu.

Step 3, field management hardening of seedling: during the period from seedling stage to jointing stage of the corns, topdressing and irrigation are not carried out; topdressing: topdressing NPK compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer at the 6-8 leaf stage of corns; topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer and foliar fertilizer at the 11 leaf stage of corns; topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and foliar fertilizer 9-11 days after corn silking; moisture content: daily watering until the soil moisture content is 60-70%; after hardening of seedling, watering until the soil moisture content is 40-50%, and gradually increasing to 60-70% within 5-7 days; after each topdressing, water until the soil water content is 70-80%, and gradually recover to 60-70% within 1-3 days; intertilling: carrying out the first intertillage at the 0-1 leaf stage of corn, with a depth of 5-10 cm; carrying out the second intertillage at the 2-3 leaf stage of corn, with a depth of 5-10 cm; and carrying out the third intertillage at the 5-6 leaf stage of corn, with a depth of 8-15cm; chemical control: spraying 40% ethephon at the 4-5 leaf stage of corn; spraying 40% ethephon and choline chloride at the 7-8 leaf stage of corn; spraying amino acid, 40% ethephon and 5% uniconazole at the 10-11 leaf stage of corn.

Preferably, at the 6-8 leaf stage of corn during topdressing, the nutrient components of the NPK compound fertilizer are N:P:K=22:8:15, and the application amount is 20-30 kg/mu, the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride with an application rate of 10-20 kg/mu, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate with an application rate of 1-2 kg/mu; at the 11 leaf stage of corn, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea with an application rate of 50- 70 kg/mu, the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride with an application rate of 15-20 kg/mu, and the foliar fertilizer is 10 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with an application rate of 40-50 kg/mu; 9-11 days after corn silking, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea with an application rate of 60- 75 kg/mu, the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate with an application rate of 2-3 kg/mu, and the foliar fertilizer is 10 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with an application rate of 40-50 kg/mu.

Preferably, during the 4-5 leaf stage of corn, 10-15 ml of 40% ethephon is applied per mu, and 30-50kg of water is added, 30-50 ml of 40% ethephon and 20-30 g of choline chloride are applied per mu during the 7-8 leaf stage of corn, and 30-50 kg of water is added, 30-40 g of amino acid, 15-20 ml of 40% ethephon and 20-30 g of 5% uniconazole are applied per mu during the 10-11 leaf stage of corn, and 30-50 kg of water is added.

Preferably, the amino acid is one of lysine, tryptophan and leucine.

Preferably, the method further comprises pest control, when corn leaf spot occurs, using 100-200 g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per mu, adding 15-20 kg of water, spraying once every 10-15 days, and spraying for 3-4 times continuously; when corn rust occurs, applying 25-50 g of 15% triadimefon wettable powder per mu, and adding 40-50kg of water, and applying again after 15 days; when oriental armyworm occurs, applying 15-45 g of 20% pyrethroid emulsifiable concentrate per mu and adding 50-60 kg of water, and spraying once every 7-10 days and continuously for 3-4 times; when corn borer pest occurs, applying 1.5-2 kg of 1.5% phoxim granules per mu and spraying in the heart leaves of corn.

Step 4, harvesting.

The invention has the following advantages: (1) Adding zinc fertilizer when applying base fertilizer can improve the photosynthesis efficiency of corn, which is beneficial to the nutrient accumulation of trees, reduces the side effect of chemical control agents on nitrogen absorption, and has a positive effect on the yield increase of corn; when applying base fertilizer, increasing potash fertilizer can improve the root development of corn, which can take root in deep soil and enhance the lodging resistance of corn.

(2) Adding zinc fertilizer during topdressing can effectively increase the leaf area of corn, increase the photosynthesis area, promote the metabolism of nitrogen, improve the absorption efficiency of nitrogen and reduce the side effects of chemical control agents;

Increasing the application of potash fertilizer during topdressing can enhance the 5 toughness of corn stems and enhance the lodging resistance and pest resistance of crops. (3) The lodging-resistant seed dressing agent is used for seed dressing before sowing, which promotes the early emergence of corn seedlings and forms strong seedlings after sowing, thus increasing the thickness of corn stalks and the bending resistance of the stalks, thus greatly improving the lodging resistance of the corn stalks; the synergistic effect of lodging-resistant seed dressing agent and zinc-potash fertilizer can improve the lodging resistance of corn and reduce the application amount of chemical control agent, thus reducing the side effects of chemical control agent on yield reduction. Combined with zinc fertilizer itself, it can not only effectively offset the side effects of chemical control agent, but also achieve the effect of increasing yield. (4) The cultivation of soil can promote the development of solar terms rooting in basal stems above ground, enhance the ability of plants to resist root lodging, and effectively prevent corn lodging. (5) Choline chloride can inhibit the synthesis of gibberellin, shorten the internode distance of crops, enhance the lodging resistance of plants, significantly increase the number and size of corn leaves, increase the chlorophyll content, enhance the photosynthetic efficiency, and increase the yield and quality of corn. Moreover, Choline chloride can also improve the stress resistance of plants such as drought tolerance, cold tolerance, salt tolerance and alkali tolerance. Spraying choline chloride together with ethephon can not only inhibit plant height synergistically, but also effectively balance the side effects of ethephon.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following is a clear and complete description of the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the invention, not the whole embodiment. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

A local field is selected and divided into several fields on average, and the following embodiments and comparative examples are implemented.

Embodiment 1

Step 1, land preparation

Applying 45-60 kg/mu of urea, 400-500 kg/mu of decomposed cow dung, 20-30 kg/mu of plant ash, 200-400 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure and 1-2 kg/mu of zinc lignosulfonate as base fertilizer in the field, and ploughing the fertilizer into the soil for 20 cm in combination with cultivated land; making ridges after 7 days after ploughing, the ridge width is 45 cm, the ridge spacing is 25 cm, and drip irrigation belt is set on the ridge;

Step 2, seed treatment

Mixing corn seeds with lodging-resistant seed dressing agent for seed dressing, taking out the seeds after 8-12 h, drying in the shade for 1-2 days, and starting sowing, wherein the seed amount is 5000-5500 plants/mu(l mu=56£.57 my, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, the row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the sowing depth is 8-12 cm, and sowing is carried out on ridges; applying 30 kg/mu of N:P:K=15:15:15, 20 kg/mu of potassium chloride and 3 kg/mu of zinc sulfate with sowing, and watering until the soil water content is 75%.

The lodging-resistant seed dressing agent comprises salicylic acid, uniconazole, triadimefon, zinc sulfate, EDTA and water in a mass ratio of 3: 5: 5: 8: 7: 1500.

The mixing mass ratio of the corn seeds to the lodging-resistant seed dressing agent is 1:2.

Step 3, field management hardening of seedling: during the period from seedling stage to jointing stage, topdressing and irrigation are not carried out;

Topdressing: at the 6-8 leaf stage of corn, topdressing 25 kg/mu of N:P:K=22:8:15 compound fertilizer, 15 kg/mu of potassium chloride and 1.5 kg/mu of zinc sulfate; at the 11 leaf stage of corn, topdressing 60 kg/mu urea, 17.5 kg/mu potassium chloride, and spraying 10 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the application rate of 45 kg/mu; 9-11 days after corn silking, topdressing 70 kg/mu of urea, 2.5 kg/mu of zinc sulfate, and spraying 10 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with an application rate of 45 kg/mu;

moisture content: daily watering until the soil moisture content is 65%; after hardening of seedling, watering until the soil moisture content is 45%, and gradually increasing to 65% within 7 days; after each topdressing, water until the soil water content is 75%, and gradually recover to 65% within 3 days; intertilling: carrying out the first intertillage at the 0-1 leaf stage of corn, with a depth of cm; carrying out the second intertillage at the 2-3 leaf stage of corn, with a depth of 10 cm; and carrying out the third intertillage at the 5-6 leaf stage of corn, with a depth of 10 cm; chemical control: 12.5 ml of 40% ethephon is applied per mu during 4-5 leaf stage of 10 corn, and 40kg of water is added; 40 ml of 40% ethephon and 25 g of choline chloride are applied per mu during the 7-8 leaf stage of corn, and 40kgi of water is added; 35 g of lysine, 17.5 ml of 40% ethephon and 25 g of 5% uniconazole are applied per mu at the 10-11 leaf stage of corn, and 40 kg of water is added.

Pest control: when corn leaf spot occurs, using 150 g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per mu, adding 20 kg of water, spraying once every 10 days, and spraying for 3 times continuously, when corn rust occurs, applying 40 g of 15% triadimefon wettable powder per mu, and adding 40kg of water, and applying again after 15 days; when oriental armyworm occurs, applying 35 g of 20% pyrethroid emulsifiable concentrate per mu and adding 50 kg of water, and spraying once every 7 days and continuously for 3 times; when corn borer pest occurs, applying 1.5 kg of 1.5% phoxim granules per mu and spraying in the heart leaves of corn.

Step 4, harvest.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example is different from Embodiment 1 in that potash fertilizer is not applied in the whole process.

Comparative example 2

The difference between this comparative example and Embodiment 1 is that no zinc fertilizer is applied in the whole process.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example is different from Embodiment 1 in that no lodging-resistant seed dressing agent is used for seed dressing.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example is different from Embodiment 1 in that no chemical control agent is used.

Test example 1

After the corn is ripe, the lodging rate, lodging rate and yield of each example are investigated in the field. Each comparative example and embodiment measured the average plant height, average leaf length and leaf width of 100 mature healthy corn. 100 corns are naturally dried in the sun and 1000-grain weights are measured indoors in each comparative example and embodiment. The results are shown in Table I.

Table 1

Embodiment | Comparative | Comparative | Comparative | Comparative == i example 1 example 2

Plant height 151.4 153.7 153.9 200.7 237.4 (cm)

Leaf Co length 527 41.6 40.7 478 516 (cm)

Leaf width 14.5 93 3.8 12.0 13% (cm) rate (%) : 1.26 2.07 211 3.74 5.13 rate (%) 1000- san 452.7 384.1 3982 4337 445.1 weight (2)

ww TT

As can be seen from Table 1, although the plant height of Comparative Examples 1-2 decreased obviously, and the lodging rate and folding rate were obviously improved compared with Comparative example 4, the side effect of chemical control agent in reducing yield was obvious because zinc and potash fertilizer are not used, and the leaf area, 1000-grain weight and yield per mu decreased obviously compared with those of

Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 4. No lodging-resistant seed dressing agent was used in Comparative Example 3, which had obvious effect on plant height, and the lodging rate and lodging rate were slightly improved compared with Comparative

Example 4, but had little effect on leaf area, 1000-grain weight and yield per mu.

Comparative example 4 didn't use chemical control agent, and the plant height was not inhibited, which led to the lodging rate and folding rate were significantly higher than those of other comparative examples and embodiments. Because there were no side effects of chemical control agent, its leaf length, leaf width and 1000-grain weight were slightly lower than those of Embodiment 1. It can be seen that zinc-potash fertilizer can slightly improve the leaf length, leaf width and yield per mu while avoiding the side effects of chemical control agent. Because there are too many lodging and folding corn in Comparative example 4, the yield per mu is not high.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Many modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

Conclusions l. Precipitation-resistant chemical control cultivation method for corn, which includes the following steps: step 1, land selection and soil preparation, choosing plots with fertile soil and good drainage as planting fields; applying basic fertilizer in the field, and plowing the basic fertilizer into the soil for 15-20 cm in combination with cultivating the land; making ridges after 5-7 days after plowing, where the ridge width is 45-50 cm, the ridge distance is 20-25 cm, and drip irrigation tapes are applied to the ridge; step 2, seed treatment mixing corn seeds with precipitation-resistant seed treatment agent for seed treatment, taking out the seeds after 8-12 hours, drying in the shade for 1-2 days, and starting sowing, the seed quantity being 5000-5500 plants/ mu(1l mu= 666.67 m?), the planting distance is 15-20 cm, the row spacing is 40-50 cm and the sowing depth is 8-12 cm, and sowing is carried out on ridges, the application of NPK combination fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer together with sowing and watering until the water content of the soil is 70-80%; step 3, field management seedling hardening: during the period from seedling stage to connection stage of the maize, top dressing and irrigation are not carried out; Sprinkling: Sprinkling of NPK combination fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer at the 6-8 leaf stage of maize; the sprinkling of nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer and foliar fertilizer at the 11-leaf stage of maize; sprinkling nitrogen fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and foliar fertilizer 9-11 days after knot formation on the corn; moisture content: daily watering until the soil moisture content is 60-70%; after hardening of the seedling, water until the soil moisture content is 40-50%, gradually increasing to 60-70% within 5-7 days; water after each application until the water content of the soil is 70-80%, and gradually restore it to 60-70% within 1-3 days: intercropping: carrying out the first intercropping at the 0-1 leaf stage of maize, with a depth of 5-10 cm; carrying out the second intermediate operation at the 2-3 leaf stage of corn, with a depth of 5-10 cm; and carrying out the third intermediate operation at the 5-6 leaf stage of maize, with a depth of 8-15 cm; chemical control: spraying 40% ethephon in the 4-5 leaf stage of maize; spraying 40% ethephon and choline chloride into the 7-8 leaf stage of maize; spraying amino acid, 40% ethephon and 5% uniconazole into the 10-11 leaf stage of maize; step 4, harvesting.

A precipitation-resistant chemical control cultivation method for corn according to claim 1, characterized in that the base fertilizer in step 1 comprises urea, decomposed cow manure, plant ash, decomposed chicken manure and zinc lignosulfonate.

The precipitation-resistant chemical control cultivation method for corn according to claim 2, characterized in that the application amount of urea is 45-60 kg/mu, and the application amount of decomposed cow manure is 400-500 kg/mu; the application amount of plant ash is 20-30 kg/mu, the application amount of decomposed chicken manure is 200-400 kg/mu and the application amount of zinc lignosulfonate is 1-2 kg/mu.

The precipitation-resistant chemical control corn breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the components of the precipitation-resistant seed treatment agent in step 2 are salicylic acid, uniconazole, triadimefon, zinc sulfate, EDTA and water in a mass ratio of 3:5:5:8:7:1500 ; and the mixture mass ratio of the corn seeds to the precipitation-resistant seed treatment agent is 1:(1-2).

5. Precipitation-resistant chemical control cultivation method for maize according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2 the nutritional components of NPK combination fertilizer are N:P:K=15:15:15 with an application rate of 25-35 kg/mu, the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride with an application rate of 15-25 kg/mu, and the zinc fertilizer zinc sulphate with an application rate of 2-3 kg/mu

IS.

6. Precipitation-resistant chemical control cultivation method for maize according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3, at the 6-8 leaf stage of maize during intermediate tillage, the nutritional components of the NPK combination fertilizer N:P:K=22:8:15, and the application rate is 20-30 kg/mu, the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride with an application rate of 10-20 kg/mu, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate with an application rate of 1-2 kg/mu; in the 1 l leaf stage of maize, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea with an application rate of 50-70 kg/mu, the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride with an application rate of 15-20 kg/mu, and the foliar fertilizer is 10 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate with an application rate of 40 -50 kg/mu; 9-11 days after knot formation in the maize, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea with an application rate of 60-75 kg/mu, the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulphate with an application rate of 2-3 kg/mu, and the foliar fertilizer is 10 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a application rate is 40-50 kg/mu.

7. A precipitation-resistant chemical control cultivation method for maize according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3, during the 4-5 leaf stage of maize, 10-15 ml of 40% ethephon per month is applied by chemical control, and 30-50 kg of water is added is becoming; 30-50 ml of 40% ethephon and 20-30 g choline chloride are applied per mu during the 7-8 leaf stage of maize and 30-50 kg of water is added; 30-40 g of amino acid, 15-20 ml of 40% ethephon and 20-30 g of 5% uniconazole per mu are applied during the 10-11 leaf stage of maize, and 30-50 kg of water is added.

The precipitation-resistant chemical control corn breeding method of claim 1, wherein the amino acid in step 3 is one of lysine, tryptophan and leucine.

9. A precipitation-resistant chemical control cultivation method for corn according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 3 further comprises pest control, when corn leaf spots occur, using 100-200 g of 50% carbendazim spray powder per mu, adding 15-20 kg of water, spray it once every 10-15 days and spray it 3-4 times continuously;

when corn rust occurs, applying 25-50 g of 15% triadimefon wettable powder per mu, and adding 40-50 kg of water, and reapplying after 15 days;

when oriental armyworm occurs, applying 15-45 g 20%

pyrethroid emulsifiable concentrate per mu and adding 50-60 kg of water, and spraying it once every 7-10 days and continuously 3-4 times;

When corn borer infestation occurs, apply 1.5-2 kg of 1.5% foxim granules per mu and spray into the heart leaves of corn.