NL2022388A

NL2022388A - Method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks

Info

Publication number: NL2022388A
Application number: NL2022388A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Bauersachs Lothar
Original assignee: Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh
Priority date: 2016-03-24
Filing date: 2019-01-12
Publication date: 2019-03-26
Also published as: CN107225653A; DE102016113240A1; CN110142847B; NL2018207B1; NL2022388B1; RU2681711C2; RU2017109740A; CN107225653B; CN110142847A; RU2017109740A3; NL2018207A

Description

Octrooicentrum

Θ 2022388

(21) Aanvraagnummer: 2022388 © Aanvraag ingediend: 12 januari 2019 @ Int. Cl.:

B28B 7/02 (2017.01) B28B 3/08 (2017.01) © Afsplitsing van aanvraag 2018207, ingediend 20 januari 2017

@ Voorrang:	(7^ Aanvrager(s):
24 maart 2016 DE 10 2016 105 635.9	Langenstein & Schemann GmbH te Coburg,
19 juli 2016 DE 10 2016 113 240.3	Bondsrepubliek Duitsland, DE.
@ Aanvraag ingeschreven:	θ Uitvinder(s):
26 maart 2019	Lothar Bauersachs te Weidhausen (DE).
(43) Aanvraag gepubliceerd:
4 april 2019	(74) Gemachtigde:
	drs. P.A. van Essen c.s. te Wageningen.

57) Method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in which method

a) in at least one moulding space (2) which is delimited by at least two, preferably four, mould walls (10, 20, 30 30), brick blanks of a first brick format are pressed from a primary material in a first production process, and brick blanks of a second brick format are pressed from a primary material in a second production process, by means of at least one pair of press rams (5 and 6; 7 and 8) that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction (P) into the moulding space (2) between the mould walls (10, 20, 30, 40);

b) wherein, between the first production process and the second production process, at least one of the mould walls (10; 10 and 20) of the moulding space (2) by means of an assigned adjustment drive (11; 11 and 21) is adjusted such that the cross section of the moulding space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least one dimension (Bl, B2) of the moulding space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), and on account thereof preferably the brick format, are dissimilar in the first production process and in the second production process.

NL A 2022388

Deze publicatie komt overeen met de oorspronkelijk ingediende stukken.

Nr.: P100269NL01

Method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks

Specification

The invention relates to a method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks.

Sand-lime bricks are produced by pressing lime, sand, and water in a press, and by subsequent hardening under steam pressure.

The sand-lime brick formats that are popular in practice for masonry composites or masonry works from sand-lime bricks are described in detail in the KS-Maurerfibel (KS-mason's hornbook) by J. Wessig, publisher: KS-Info GmbH, Hanover, 6^th edition 1998. In this way, there are standard formats in the case of sand-lime bricks that all are substantially of cuboid shape, that is to say at the edges thereof in each case abut one another at right angles (90°) and differ only in terms of the rectangular dimensions thereof of width, length, and height. The brick height in the installed state in the masonry work is that height of the brick and of the brick layer that is measured vertically. The brick width in the installed state in the masonry work is the wall thickness, or the masonry thickness as measured horizontally towards the inside, and the brick length in the installed state in the masonry work is the dimension that runs between two adjacent bricks, measured horizontally along a brick layer. The end sides of the brick in the longitudinal direction are more often intermeshed by way of tongue-and-groove connections.

Thus, standard formats include both exactly cuboid bricks having smooth faces, as well as substantially cuboid bricks having tongue-and-groove faces on two mutually opposite sides, for a tongue-and-groove connection to an adjacent brick in the masonry work. Moreover, clearances or through openings may also be provided on one or on two mutually opposite sides in the standard bricks as gripping aids, or, as opposed to solid bricks or block bricks, for the routing of installations or for the thermal insulation as in perforated bricks or hollow block bricks. So-called planar elements (abbreviated as PE) in comparatively large cuboid formats are employed for a particularly efficient construction of walls (cf. pages 14 to 20).

There is furthermore a whole slew of special formats in the case of sand-lime bricks, for example so-called U wythes (cf. page 21) or installation bricks having one or two pipe passages, or corner bricks having a pentagonal cross section with rectangular corners and corners having an obtuse angle of, for example, 135° or 45° (cf. page 55 or page 21), or so-called radius corner bricks (cf. page 21 or 52) having rectangular corners and at least one round corner, or else ridge bricks which, apart from rectangular corners, have at least one mitre or an oblique side-cut and, on account thereof, may have a triangular or pentagonal shape (cf. page 93).

The special formats are produced ex works or occasionally also on site by subtracting material, mostly with the aid of a band saw or a circular saw, from a solid cuboid brick, in particular from a PE.

DE 197 56 148 Al discloses a method for producing sand-lime brick blanks for planar bricks, and mating pieces that between each two abutting end faces that are disposed so as to be mutually opposite have a specific lateral length, and a device for carrying out the method. Each brick blank is framed by four mould walls, and is moulded and pressed between an upper ram and a lower ram, and/or each brick blank by means of groove-shaping means and/or tongue-shaping means is provided with a groove or a tongue on at least one abutting end face. For pressing, an end distance between the upper ram and the lower ram is set, and each brick blank post-pressing is unloaded and de-stacked, wherein the latter bears on a level end face. The brick blanks are moulded and pressed having the brick length of the mating pieces, and the abutting end faces of the brick blanks are designed by means of the upper ram and or the lower ram, and the brick blanks post-unloading and prior to de-stacking by way of the abutting end faces are then rotated by 90°. In one particular embodiment (Fig. 3), the upper abutting end face of the mating piece in the blank press is aligned in an obliquely inclined manner and is configured so as to be smooth, that is to say to be free from any groove or web, and the effective lower side of the upper ram also runs so as to be obliquely inclined in a corresponding manner. The brick blanks and four mould walls in the case of this known method and of the associated device have a rectangular cross section, perpendicular to the pressing direction.

DE 10 2006 034 302 Al discloses a method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in which method at least two moulding spaces that differ from one another in a cross section or in at least one dimension, perpendicular to a pressing direction, are used, at least one first moulding space is brought or moved to at least one filling position, and a primary material is filled at least once into the at least one first moulding space in the at least one filling position and in at least one pressing position by means of a first pair of press rams that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction is pressed in the first moulding space to form at least one first brick blank. Subsequently, at least one second moulding space is brought to the at least one filling position, and a primary material is filled at least once into the at least one second moulding space in the at least one filling position, and in the or a further pressing position by means of a second pair of press rams that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction is pressed in the second moulding space to form at least one second brick blank. Instead of two moulding spaces, a moulding die having at least two moulding spaces, that is adjusted by means of an adjustment drive, may also be provided for bringing the moulding space to the at least one filling position. The cross section of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, has a non-rectangular basic design such that the pressed brick blank also has a nonrectangular cross section. In particular, the cross section for ridge bricks may be triangular, or else for corner bricks may be a polygon having at least four or five corners, or else in a part-region may be curved in a convex manner. Moreover, the cross section perpendicular to the pressing direction on at least one side may have at least one clearance and/or at least one protrusion for generating a tongue-and-groove connection face.

A brick press for producing moulded blocks having a tongue-and-groove design on at least one of the end faces thereof that establish the brick height, based on inorganic materials, with a moulding table that has a moulding cavity that is surrounded by lateral walls and is aligned in the horizontal, and at least one press ram that is capable of entering the moulding cavity vertically and effects the compression of the material that has been brought into the moulding cavity is known from DE 298 08 917 Ul. At least one lateral wall of the moulding cavity is configured as a shape-imparting press plate that establishes the brick height of the moulded block, and is disposed in the moulding table so as to be movable by means of a drive apparatus that is connected to said lateral wall, and during the pressing phase of the brick press is fixed to the moulding table in a form-fitting manner. The press plates, on the faces thereof that point into the moulding cavity, have moulding designs for impressing a tongue-and-groove design into the assigned end wall of the moulded block to be pressed. In order to generate lateral pressing contact between the press plate, that on the external side thereof has a wedge shape, and a counterbearing that is configured on the moulding table and that has a counter-running wedge face, a mating wedge is disposed so as to be controllable by way of a drive member. Also, two mutually opposite lateral walls or even all of the lateral walls of the moulding cavity may be configured as lateral press plates that are disposed in a movable manner. The mating wedge that is capable of being slid between the wedge faces is movable between the wedge faces by means of a first cylinder. One further cylinder, by means of which the lateral press plate is movable post-release of the mating wedge, is assigned to each of the lateral press plates. Prior to filling the moulding cavity, the lateral press plates are fixed in a form-fitting manner by driving in the mating wedge between the wedge faces such that upon subsequent compression of the moulded block a dimensionally accurate position of the lateral walls of the moulding cavity is guaranteed. By selecting dissimilar mating wedges the lateral press plates may be modified in terms of the position thereof such that dissimilar brick heights for the moulded blocks are adjustable in a simple manner. Herein, a respective stop for driving in the mating wedge is set up on the moulding table. If the lateral press plates are fixed, the lower ram is secured in a zero position, and the upper ram is driven into the moulding cavity so far that the desired wall thickness according to the brick thickness is obtained. Upon completion of the compression, the upper ram is driven out of the moulding cavity, and the mating wedge is released by way of the drive member, that is to say the first cylinder. After the mating wedge has been released, the desired movement space for a lateral movement of the press plates is achieved, the latter now, by way of the second cylinder, being disengaged from the tongue-and-groove designs that are established by way of the moulded designs thereof on the moulded block, such that the ejection of the moulded block from the moulding table may be performed by driving the lower ram into the moulding cavity. Hydraulically or pneumatically operating cylinders, pushrods, threaded articulated levers, or eccentrics may be applied as a drive member, both for the movement of the mating wedge, as well as for the movement of the lateral press plates.

In the case of DE 298 08 917 U1 the dissimilar brick formats in the dimension perpendicular to the pressing direction that is established by the spacing of the press plates are set by different mating wedges. The adjustment of the press plates post removal of the mating wedges serves only for driving the former out of the tongue-and-groove connection, in order for the brick blank to be able to be retrieved and not in order for the brick format to be set.

The invention is now based on the object of stating a new method and a new device for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, by way of which in particular different brick formats are producible.

Embodiments and subject matter according to the invention, that are suitable for achieving this object, are stated in particular in the patent claims which in particular are directed towards a method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular having the features of Claim 1.

Further embodiments and refinements according to the invention are derived in particular from the patent claims that are respectively dependent on Patent

Claims

1. Werkwijze voor het produceren van vormelingen voor metselstenen, in het bijzonder kalkzandsteen stenen, a) waarbij in ten minste een malruimte (2) die door malwanden (10, 20, 30 30) begrensd wordt vormelingen met een eerste steenformaat van een eerste materiaal in een eerste productieproces geperst worden en vormelingen met een tweede steenformaat van een eerste materiaal in een tweede productieproces geperst worden, door middel van een stel persrammen (5 en 6; 7 en 8) die in staat zijn samen te komen in een persrichting (P) in de malruimte (2) tussen de malwanden (10, 20, 30, 40); b) waarbij tussen het eerste productieproces en het tweede productieproces ten minste een van de malwanden (10; 10 en 20) van de malruimte (2) ten minste gedeeltelijk vervangen wordt en bij voorkeur wordt versteld, zodat de dwarsdoorsnede van de malruimte (2) loodrecht op de persrichting (P), of ten minste een afmeting (BI, B2) van de malruimte (2), loodrecht op de persrichting (P), en op grond daarvan het steenformaat, in het eerste productieproces en in het tweede productieproces van elkaar verschillen.

2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de dwarsdoorsnede van de malruimte in het eerste productieproces een eerste vorm heeft, in het bijzonder rechthoekig is, en in het tweede productieproces, na vervanging van de ten minste een malwand, een andere, in het bijzonder niet-rechthoekige, vorm heeft, in het bijzonder driehoekig of trapeziumvormig of vijfhoekig is, of is voorzien van een gekromde contour.

3. Werkwijze volgens een der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij tussen het eerste productieproces en het tweede productieproces, in elk geval een persplaat (6, 6', 8) op de persrammen (5, 7) wordt vervangen ter aanpassing aan de in het eerste productieproces en het tweede productieproces ongelijke dwarsdoorsnede loodrecht op de persrichting (P) van de malruimte (2) of afmeting (BI, B2) loodrecht op de persrichting (P) van de malruimte (2).

4. Werkwijze volgens een der voorgaande conclusies, a) waarbij de malwanden zijn geconfigureerd zodat ze glad zijn en/of geen verdieping of uitstekingen voor een tong-en-groef verbinding hebben, en/of waarbij de steenlengte wordt gegenereerd in de persrichting en de steenbreedte en de steenhoogte loodrecht op de persrichting worden gegenereerd en b) waarbij, na persen en voordat een vormeling wordt uitgestoten, ten minste een van de malwanden naar buiten toe wordt versteld door middel van een verbonden verstelaandrijving, om deze malwand los te maken van de vormeling voordat deze laatste wordt uitgestoten.