NL2018207A

NL2018207A - Method and device for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, having adjustable mould walls

Info

Publication number: NL2018207A
Application number: NL2018207A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Bauersachs Lothar
Original assignee: Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh
Priority date: 2016-03-24
Filing date: 2017-01-20
Publication date: 2017-10-02
Also published as: NL2018207B1; CN107225653B; RU2017109740A3; CN110142847B; RU2681711C2; DE102016113240A1; CN107225653A; NL2022388B1; CN110142847A; NL2022388A; RU2017109740A

Abstract

Method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in which method a) in at least one moulding space (2) which is delimited by at least two, preferably four, mould walls (10, 20, 30 30), brick blanks of a first brick format are pressed from a primary material in a first production process, and brick blanks of a second brick format are pressed from a primary material in a second production process, by means of at least one pair of press rams (5 and 6; 7 and 8) that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction (P) into the moulding space (2) between the mould walls (10, 20, 30, 40); b) wherein, between the first production process and the second production process, at least one of the mould walls (10; 10 and 20) of the moulding space (2) by means of an assigned adjustment drive (11; 11 and 21) is adjusted such that the cross section of the moulding space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the moulding space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), and on account thereof preferably the brick format, are dissimilar in the first production process and in the second production process.

Description

Method and device for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, having adjustable mould walls

The invention relates to a method and to a device for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks.

Sand-lime bricks are produced by pressing lime, sand, and water in a press, and by subsequent hardening under steam pressure.

The sand-lime brick formats that are popular in practice for masonry composites or masonry works from sand-lime bricks are described in detail in the “KS-Maurerfibel” (KS-mason’s hornbook) by J. Wessig, publisher: KS-Info GmbH, Hanover, 6th edition 1998. In this way, there are standard formats in the case of sand-lime bricks that all are substantially of cuboid shape, that is to say at the edges thereof in each case abut one another at right angles (90°) and differ only in terms of the rectangular dimensions thereof of width, length, and height. The brick height in the installed state in the masonry work is that height of the brick and of the brick layer that is measured vertically.

The brick width in the installed state in the masonry work is the wall thickness, or the masonry thickness as measured horizontally towards the inside, and the brick length in the installed state in the masonry work is the dimension that runs between two adjacent bricks, measured horizontally along a brick layer. The end sides of the brick in the longitudinal direction are more often intermeshed by way of tongue-and-groove connections.

Thus, standard formats include both exactly cuboid bricks having smooth faces, as well as substantially cuboid bricks having tongue-and-groove faces on two mutually opposite sides, for a tongue-and-groove connection to an adjacent brick in the masonry work. Moreover, clearances or through openings may also be provided on one or on two mutually opposite sides in the standard bricks as gripping aids, or, as opposed to solid bricks or block bricks, for the routing of installations or for the thermal insulation as in perforated bricks or hollow block bricks. So-called planar elements (abbreviated as PE) in comparatively large cuboid formats are employed for a particularly efficient construction of walls (cf. pages 14 to 20).

There is furthermore a whole slew of special formats in the case of sand-lime bricks, for example so-called U wythes (cf. page 21) or installation bricks having one or two pipe passages, or corner bricks having a pentagonal cross section with rectangular corners and corners having an obtuse angle of, for example, 135° or 45° (cf. page 55 or page 21), or so-called radius corner bricks (cf. page 21 or 52) having rectangular corners and at least one round corner, or else ridge bricks which, apart from rectangular corners, have at least one mitre or an oblique side-cut and, on account thereof, may have a triangular or pentagonal shape (cf. page 93).

The special formats are produced ex works or occasionally also on site by subtracting material, mostly with the aid of a band saw or a circular saw, from a solid cuboid brick, in particular from a PE. DE 197 56 148 A1 discloses a method for producing sand-lime brick blanks for planar bricks, and mating pieces that between each two abutting end faces that are disposed so as to be mutually opposite have a specific lateral length, and a device for carrying out the method. Each brick blank is framed by four mould walls, and is moulded and pressed between an upper ram and a lower ram, and/or each brick blank by means of groove-shaping means and/or tongue-shaping means is provided with a groove or a tongue on at least one abutting end face. For pressing, an end distance between the upper ram and the lower ram is set, and each brick blank post-pressing is unloaded and de-stacked, wherein the latter bears on a level end face. The brick blanks are moulded and pressed having the brick length of the mating pieces, and the abutting end faces of the brick blanks are designed by means of the upper ram and or the lower ram, and the brick blanks post-unloading and prior to de-stacking by way of the abutting end faces are then rotated by 90°. In one particular embodiment (Fig. 3), the upper abutting end face of the mating piece in the blank press is aligned in an obliquely inclined manner and is configured so as to be smooth, that is to say to be free from any groove or web, and the effective lower side of the upper ram also runs so as to be obliquely inclined in a corresponding manner. The brick blanks and four mould walls in the case of this known method and of the associated device have a rectangular cross section, perpendicular to the pressing direction. DE 10 2006 034 302 A1 discloses a method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in which method at least two moulding spaces that differ from one another in a cross section or in at least one dimension, perpendicular to a pressing direction, are used, at least one first moulding space is brought or moved to at least one filling position, and a primary material is filled at least once into the at least one first moulding space in the at least one filling position and in at least one pressing position by means of a first pair of press rams that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction is pressed in the first moulding space to form at least one first brick blank. Subsequently, at least one second moulding space is brought to the at least one filling position, and a primary material is filled at least once into the at least one second moulding space in the at least one filling position, and in the or a further pressing position by means of a second pair of press rams that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction is pressed in the second moulding space to form at least one second brick blank. Instead of two moulding spaces, a moulding die having at least two moulding spaces, that is adjusted by means of an adjustment drive, may also be provided for bringing the moulding space to the at least one filling position. The cross section of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, has a non-rectangular basic design such that the pressed brick blank also has a non-rectangular cross section. In particular, the cross section for ridge bricks may be triangular, or else for corner bricks may be a polygon having at least four or five corners, or else in a part-region may be curved in a convex manner. Moreover, the cross section perpendicular to the pressing direction on at least one side may have at least one clearance and/or at least one protrusion for generating a tongue-and-groove connection face. A brick press for producing moulded blocks having a tongue-and-groove design on at least one of the end faces thereof that establish the brick height, based on inorganic materials, with a moulding table that has a moulding cavity that is surrounded by lateral walls and is aligned in the horizontal, and at least one press ram that is capable of entering the moulding cavity vertically and effects the compression of the material that has been brought into the moulding cavity is known from DE298 08 917 U1. At least one lateral wall of the moulding cavity is configured as a shape-imparting press plate that establishes the brick height of the moulded block, and is disposed in the moulding table so as to be movable by means of a drive apparatus that is connected to said lateral wall, and during the pressing phase of the brick press is fixed to the moulding table in a form-fitting manner. The press plates, on the faces thereof that point into the moulding cavity, have moulding designs for impressing a tongue-and-groove design into the assigned end wall of the moulded block to be pressed. In order to generate lateral pressing contact between the press plate, that on the external side thereof has a wedge shape, and a counterbearing that is configured on the moulding table and that has a counter-running wedge face, a mating wedge is disposed so as to be controllable by way of a drive member. Also, two mutually opposite lateral walls or even all of the lateral walls of the moulding cavity may be configured as lateral press plates that are disposed in a movable manner. The mating wedge that is capable of being slid between the wedge faces is movable between the wedge faces by means of a first cylinder. One further cylinder, by means of which the lateral press plate is movable post-release of the mating wedge, is assigned to each of the lateral press plates. Prior to filling the moulding cavity, the lateral press plates are fixed in a form-fitting manner by driving in the mating wedge between the wedge faces such that upon subsequent compression of the moulded block a dimensionally accurate position of the lateral walls of the moulding cavity is guaranteed. By selecting dissimilar mating wedges the lateral press plates may be modified in terms of the position thereof such that dissimilar brick heights for the moulded blocks are adjustable in a simple manner. Herein, a respective stop for driving in the mating wedge is set up on the moulding table. If the lateral press plates are fixed, the lower ram is secured in a zero position, and the upper ram is driven into the moulding cavity so far that the desired wall thickness according to the brick thickness is obtained. Upon completion of the compression, the upper ram is driven out of the moulding cavity, and the mating wedge is released by way of the drive member, that is to say the first cylinder. After the mating wedge has been released, the desired movement space for a lateral movement of the press plates is achieved, the latter now, by way of the second cylinder, being disengaged from the tongue-and-groove designs that are established by way of the moulded designs thereof on the moulded block, such that the ejection of the moulded block from the moulding table may be performed by driving the lower ram into the moulding cavity. Hydraulically or pneumatically operating cylinders, pushrods, threaded articulated levers, or eccentrics may be applied as a drive member, both for the movement of the mating wedge, as well as for the movement of the lateral press plates.

In the case of DE 298 08 917 U1 the dissimilar brick formats in the dimension perpendicular to the pressing direction that is established by the spacing of the press plates are set by different mating wedges. The adjustment of the press plates post removal of the mating wedges serves only for driving the former out of the tongue-and-groove connection, in order for the brick blank to be able to be retrieved and not in order for the brick format to be set.

The invention is now based on the object of stating a new method and a new device for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, by way of which in particular different brick formats are producible.

Embodiments and subject matter according to the invention, that are suitable for achieving this object, are stated in particular in the patent claims which in particular are directed towards a method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular having the features of Claim 1, and to a device for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular having the features of Patent Claim 11.

Further design embodiments and refinements according to the invention are derived in particular from the patent claims that are respectively dependent on Patent Claims 1 and 11.

The claimed combinations of features and the subject matter according to the invention are not limited to the chosen version and the chosen back-referrals of the patent claims. Rather, each feature of a category of claims, for example of a device, may also be claimed in another category of claims, for example in a method. Furthermore, each feature in the patent claims, also independently of the back-referrals of the latter, may be claimed in any arbitrary combination with one or a plurality of other feature(s) in the patent claims. Moreover, each feature which is described or disclosed in the description or the drawing may be claimed per se, independently of or detached from the context in which said feature is mentioned, on its own or in any combination with one or a plurality of other feature(s) which is/are described or disclosed in the patent claims or in the description or drawing. A method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, by way of which the object set is achieved, in one embodiment comprises the following method steps: a) in at least one moulding space which is delimited by at least two, preferably four, mould walls, brick blanks of a first brick format are pressed from a primary material in a first production process, and brick blanks of a second brick format are pressed from a primary material in a second production process, by means of at least one pair of press rams that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction into the moulding space between the mould walls; b) between the first production process and the second production process, at least one of the mould walls of the moulding space by means of an assigned adjustment drive is adjusted such that the cross section of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, or at least one dimension of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, and on account thereof preferably the brick format, are dissimilar in the first production and in the second production process.

The object set is also achieved by a device for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, which is provided in particular for carrying out a method in an embodiment according to the invention and which has: a) at least one moulding space which is delimited by at least two, preferably four, mould walls; b) a filling installation for filling the moulding space with a primary material; c) and at least one pair of press rams that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction into the moulding space between the mould walls, for pressing brick blanks from the primary material that has been filled into the moulding space; d) wherein at least one mould wall by means of an assigned adjustment drive is adjustable such that the cross section of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, or at least one dimension of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, and on account thereof preferably the brick format, are adjustable so as to be dissimilar in a first production process and in a second production process; e) and wherein the or each adjustable mould wall is assigned an associated retaining installation for retention during the first production process and during the second production process, wherein the or each retaining installation does not modify the position of the mould wall that has been set by means of the adjustment drive.

Preferably, post-adjustment of the at least one mould wall, the mould wall subsequently during the first production process and during the second production process, by means of at least one associated retaining installation, is retained and the retaining installation, prior to the adjustment between the production processes, is released or deactivated and, post-adjustment, is again fixed or activated.

At least one adjustment drive may be a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic piston-and-cylinder system. Furthermore, at least one adjustment drive may be a drive, in particular a spindle drive, operated by an electric motor.

At least one retaining installation is preferably integrated in the associated adjustment drive, in particular as a locking or braking device between the piston and the cylinder of the pneumatic or hydraulic piston-and-cylinder system, or as a locking or braking device on the spindle of the spindle drive, or as a mechanical motor brake in the electric motor, for example on the rotor of the electric motor.

At least one retaining installation may be a unit that is independent of the associated adjustment drive, and in particular may comprise interacting locking bolts and locking clearances which may in particular be configured or disposed on the moulding box and on one or two lateral part(s) of the mould wall that are preferably provided on a support part.

In one embodiment, the at least one moulding space with the mould walls thereof is disposed in an interior space of a moulding box, wherein the associated adjustment drive(s) is/are preferably fastened to the moulding box, and is/are in particular at least partially disposed in the interior space of the moulding box.

In one variant, between the first production process and the second production process, only one of the mould walls of the moulding space is adjusted by means of the assigned adjustment drive. The moulding space, or the mould walls thereof, post-adjustment of the mould wall, in particular by displacing the moulding box, is/are preferably centred in relation to a central press axis of the press rams such that the adjusted mould wall and the opposite mould wall are equally spaced apart from the central press axis.

In another variant, between the first production process and the second production process, two mutually opposite mould walls of the moulding space are adjusted by means of the assigned adjustment drives, and are preferably centred in relation to a central press axis of the press rams, or are adjusted while maintaining a centring, or are adjusted in a centred manner, such that the two adjusted, mutually opposite mould walls are equally spaced apart from the central press axis.

In one particular embodiment, a mould separation wall may be installable or may be installed between the two adjustable mould walls, said mould separation wall dividing (or subdividing) the moulding space into two individual moulding spaces that each are delimited by one of the adjustable mould walls, on the one hand, and by the mould separation wall, on the other hand. On account thereof, two comparatively small brick formats instead of one comparatively large brick format are producible. The comparatively large brick format may again be produced by removing the mould separation wall.

In one further variant of a method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, which variant may be combined with the other embodiments according to the invention, a) in at least one moulding space which is delimited by mould walls, brick blanks of a first brick format are pressed from a primary material in a first production process, and brick blanks of a second brick format are pressed from a primary material in a second production process, by means of a pair of press rams that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction into the moulding space between the mould walls; b) between the first production process and the second production process, at least one of the mould walls of the moulding space is at least partially replaced and preferably adjusted such that the cross section of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, or at least one dimension of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, and on account thereof preferably also the brick format, are dissimilar in the first production process and in the second production process.

In particular, the cross section of the moulding space in the first production process may have a first shape, in particular may be rectangular, and in the second production process, post-replacement of the at least one mould wall, may have another, in particular non-rectangular, shape, in particular may be triangular or trapezoidal or pentagonal, or may be provided with a curved contour.

In one preferred embodiment, between the first production process and the second production process, in each case one press plate on the press rams is replaced for adaption to the dissimilar cross sections of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, or to the dimension of the moulding space, perpendicular to the pressing direction, in the first production process and the second production process.

In one further variant, a method for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, which method may be combined with the other embodiments according to the invention and which comprises the following method steps is proposed: a) in at least one moulding space which is delimited by mould walls, brick blanks are pressed from a primary material by means of a pair of press rams that are capable of being converged in a pressing direction into the moulding space between the mould walls, and are subsequently ejected from the moulding space by means of one of the press rams; b) wherein the mould walls are configured so as to be smooth and/or do not have any recesses or protrusions for a tongue-and-groove connection, and/or wherein the brick length is generated in the pressing direction, and the brick width and the brick height are generated perpendicularly to the pressing direction and c) wherein, post-pressing and prior to a brick blank being ejected, at least one of the mould walls is outwardly adjusted by means of an associated adjustment drive, so as to release this mould wall from the brick blank prior to the latter being ejected.

The invention will be explained further hereunder by means of exemplary embodiments. Reference is made herein also to the drawings in which, in each case in a schematic manner,

Fig. 1 shows a moulding box for a brick press, having an adjustable moulding tool having two adjustable mould walls, in a position for a first brick format, in a plan view;

Fig. 2 shows the moulding box for a brick press as per Fig. 1, having an adjustable moulding tool having two adjustable mould walls, in a position for a second brick format, in a plan view;

Figs. 3 to 6 show a sequence of method steps for converting an adjustable moulding tool having two adjustable mould walls from a comparatively small brick format to a comparatively large brick format, in a plan view;

Figs. 7 to 10 show a sequence of method steps for converting an adjustable moulding tool having one adjustable mould wall from a comparatively small brick format to a comparatively large brick format, in a plan view;

Fig. 11 shows a brick press having a moulding box having an adjustable moulding tool and two press rams, in a longitudinal section;

Fig. 12 shows a moulding box for a brick press as per Fig. 1, or for a method as per Figs. 3 to 6, having an adjustable moulding tool having two dissimilarly shaped adjustable mould walls, in a plan view; and

Fig. 13 shows a moulding box for a brick press as per Fig. 1, or for a method as per Figs. 3 to 6, having an adjustable moulding tool having two adjustable mould walls and one mould separation wall for configuring two moulding spaces, in a plan view.

Equivalent parts and variables are provided with the same reference signs in the figures.

Figs. 1 to 10, and 12 and 13 show exemplary embodiments of part of a press device or brick press for producing brick blanks (or pressed brick blanks), in particular sand-lime brick blanks, in a plan view in the pressing direction of press rams (not illustrated in Figs. 1 to 10, but shown only in Fig. 11) having a moulding box (or moulding die) 3 which has, for example, a rectangular external contour, and an adjustable moulding tool which is disposed in an in particular likewise rectangular interior space 4 of the moulding box 3. The adjustable moulding tool has a moulding space (or pressing space) 2 to be filled with a primary material to be pressed, in particular for pressing sand-lime bricks, which moulding space 2 is delimited by a plurality of preferably four mutually contiguous mould walls 10, 20, 30, and 40, and into the two open sides of which the press rams during pressing are introduced or plunge from the top and the bottom.

In order for a brick blank to be pressed, the lower press ram 7, as can be seen in Fig. 11, having the wear or press plate (or the head plate) 8 attached thereto, is driven from below into the moulding space 2, sealing the latter towards the bottom, since the press plate 8 is adapted to the cross section of the moulding space 2. The primary material is then filled from the top by means of a filling installation, and the primary material is then compressed by driving the upper press ram 5, having the wear or press plate (or head plate) 6 which is attached thereto and is likewise adapted to the cross section of the moulding space 2, from the top into the moulding space 2, and by driving the lower press ram 6 from below, in each case towards one another in the pressing direction P. The central axis A of the press rams 5 and 6 preferably also runs in a centric manner through the moulding space 2. An upper ram unit for the upper press ram 5 is identified by 55, and a lower ram unit for the lower press ram 7 is identified by 57. The ram units 55 and 57 may be embodied in a manner known per se, and comprise supports and/or guides as well as drives for the press rams 5 and 6, and may be disposed on a press frame or stand.

As can be seen in Figs. 1 to 10, the mould walls 10 and 20, between the mould walls 30 and 40, in particular as a spacing between the mould walls 30 and 40, have the dimension H which preferably corresponds to the brick height and which, on account thereof, as a particularly dimensionally critical dimension in the masonry work is establishable in a precise and dimensionally accurate manner.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2, and of Figs. 3 to 6, and of Figs. 12 and 13, the adjustable moulding tool comprises two mutually opposite and mutually parallel mould walls 10 and 20 that are adjustable or displaceable in an adjustment direction V, and two stationary mould walls 30 and 40 that run perpendicularly to the mould walls 10 and 20.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figs. 7 to 10, the adjustable moulding tool has one mould wall 10 that is adjustable or displaceable in an adjustment direction V, and three stationary mould walls 20, 30, and 40.

The spacing between the mould walls 10 and 20, measured in the adjustment direction V, and thus the dimension of the mould walls 30 and 40 that corresponds to this spacing, indirectly adjoins the moulding space 2 and is effective in terms of the brick blank, is now adjustable between at least one first value B1 (cf. Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 and Fig. 9 and Fig. 10) and a second value B2 (cf. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and Fig. 7 and Fig. 8).

This spacing between the mould walls 10 and 20 preferably corresponds to the brick width of the pressed brick blank, said brick width then corresponding to the wall thickness of the masonry work.

In principle, however, the dimension H may also be used as the brick width, and the dimensions B1 and B2 may be used as the brick height, or one of the dimensions H and B1 or B2 may even be used as the brick length.

Thus, by adjusting the moulding tool, at least two brick formats having dissimilar dimensions B1 and B2, preferably brick widths, may be pressed using the same moulding tool.

To this end, in an adjustment step, the mould walls 10 and 20 are set to the dimension B1, and are secured or retained in this position, and then a multiplicity of brick blanks of a first brick format having this dimension or brick width B1 and the further dimension H are pressed, wherein corresponding press rams 5 and 7, or press plates 6' or 8, or wear plates, having the dimensions H and B1 on the press rams are used.

If and when the brick format is now to be modified to the dimension or brick width B2, in a second adjustment step the mould walls 10 and 20 are set to the dimension B2, and are secured or retained in this position. Now, a multiplicity of brick blanks of a second brick format having this dimension or brick width B2 and the further dimension H are pressed, wherein, prior thereto, the press rams or the press plates 6 or the wear plates on the press rams are replaced, so as to adapt to the new dimensions H and B2. A central axis A of the press, in particular of the press rams 5 and 7, preferably runs in a centric or central manner through the moulding space 2 and/or between the two adjustable mould walls 10 and 20. The mould walls 10 and 20, therefore, are preferably adjusted in a symmetrical or centred manner, or when centred, such that said mould walls 10 and 20 are equally spaced apart from the central axis A, that is to say the spacing is in each case B1/2 or B2/2. This leads to a uniform centric loading of the press ram by the pressing force.

In order for the mould wall 10 to be adjusted in the adjustment direction V, an associated first adjustment drive 11 which is at least partially disposed within the interior space 4 of the moulding box 3, and is fastened or connected to a first wall of the moulding box 3 and to the associated mould wall 20, is provided. In order for the mould wall 20 to be adjusted in the adjustment direction V, an associated second adjustment drive 21 which is at least partially disposed within the interior space 4 of the moulding box 3, and is fastened or connected to a second wall, opposite the first wall, of the moulding box 3 and to the associated mould wall 20, is provided.

In particular, a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic piston-and-cylinder system, or else a drive that is operated by an electric motor, preferably a spindle drive, may be chosen as adjustment drive 11 and 21.

The adjustment drive 11 or 21, in one embodiment, has a securing or retaining installation which retains the adjustment drive 11 and 21, and thus the adjustable mould wall 10 or 20 that is guided thereon, in the set position. This may be a locking or braking device in the adjustment drive 11 or 21, in particular between the piston and the cylinder of the pneumatic or hydraulic drive, or a locking mechanism on the spindle, or a mechanical motor brake in the electric motor, for example on the rotor of the motor, of the spindle drive. This self-locking, or positionally self-retaining, embodiment of the adjustment drive 11 or 21, having an integrated retaining installation, is preferable.

In one embodiment that is combinable with this embodiment, or that may be an alternative embodiment, an independent retaining installation (or locking installation, securing installation) 60 or 70, that is separate from the adjustment drive 11 or 21, is provided for the mould wall 10 or 20, which retaining installation 60 or 70 retains (or locks, secures) the adjustable mould wall 10 or 20 in that position that is provided for the respective brick format. Such a separate retaining installation 60 or 70 may have, for example, corresponding locking bolts that are automatically activatable by way of controllable locking units or, else manually activatable, and locking clearances which engage in one another, for example perpendicularly to the adjustment direction V. Moreover, clamps may also be employed as retaining installation.

In the exemplary embodiments according to Figs. 3 to 10, each adjustable mould wall 10 and 20 comprises a central support part 14 or 24, respectively, and a wear or press plate 12 or 22, respectively, disposed ahead of the former, that forms the actual delimitation of the moulding space 2, as well as two lateral parts 16 and 17, or 26 and 27, respectively, which run in the adjustment direction V such that an in particular U-shaped design results. Locking clearances 15 and 18, respectively, in a number and position corresponding to the two formats B1 and B2, for locking bolts 35 and 38, respectively, that are fitted to the moulding box are preferably located in the lateral parts 16 and 17 of the mould wall 10. Locking clearances 25 and 28, respectively, in a number and position corresponding to the two formats B1 and B2, for locking bolts 35 and 38, respectively, that are fitted to the moulding box are preferably located in the lateral parts 26 and 27 of the mould wall 20.

The position of the adjusted mould wall 10, or 10 and 20, in all embodiments, is predefined and determined by the respective adjustment drive 11 and 21, and by the terminal position thereof reached. The retaining installation, whether integrated in the adjustment drive or else as a retaining installation 60 or 70 that is disposed outside the adjustment drive, preferably does not influence the position of the mould wall 10 or 20, but only retains the latter in the position that is set by the adjustment drive 11 or 21. In other words, the position of the mould wall 10 or 20 is not modified when the retaining installation is activated or deactivated.

To this end, retaining or securing in the two terminal positions for the dimensions B1 and B2 suffices in order for the conversion between the brick formats having the brick widths B1 and B2 to be effected.

However, this retaining or securing function is preferably performed in a quasi-continuous manner in a plurality of positions, for example between B1 and B2, or in an adjustment range that comprises B1 and B2, on account of which continuous adapting of the brick format is possible.

Figs. 3 to 6 show a sequence while converting from one brick format of the brick width B2 to a larger brick width B1.

Fig. 3 shows the basic position of the moulding tool that is used for pressing the brick blanks having the brick width B2. The two mould walls 10 and 20 have been set by the adjustment drives 11 and 21 thereof to the spacing B2, and by way of their lateral parts 16 and 17, or 26 and 27, respectively, by means of the retaining installations 60 and 70, in particular by way of the, for example eight, locking bolts 35 and 38 that engage in the locking clearances 15 and 18, or 25 and 28, respectively, are retained in the adjustment direction V. The press rams carry press plates that are adapted to the brick width B2, the upper press ram 5 carrying the press plate 6. The central axis A of the press rams 5 and 7 is preferably centric in relation to the press plates 6 and 8, and to the mould walls 10 and 20, or is an axis of symmetry for the moulding space 2, respectively.

According to Fig. 4, the retaining installations 60 and 70 are now deactivated; in particular, the locking bolts 35 and 38 are driven out of the locking clearances. The mould walls 10 and 20 are now freely adjustable.

According to Fig. 5, the adjustment drives 11 and 21 in a symmetrical manner now move the mould walls 10 and 20 apart in the adjustment direction V, up to the spacing B1 > B2, such that the central axis A of the press rams 5 and 7 remains centric. The press plates on the press rams 5 and 7 are replaced, and press plates 6 and 8 that are adapted to the the new brick width B1 are fitted.

According to Fig. 6, the retaining installations 60 and 70 are reactivated; in particular, the locking bolts 35 and 38 are driven into the new locking clearances that correspond to the new spacing B1. The mould walls 10 and 20 are now fixed again, and brick blanks having the brick width B1 may now be pressed using this moulding tool.

In order to convert from the larger brick width B1 to the smaller brick width B2, the steps are carried out in the exact reverse order, that is to say in the sequence from Fig. 6 via Fig. 5 and Fig. 4 to Fig. 3.

Figs. 7 to 10 now show a conversion procedure of the adjustable moulding tool, having only one adjustable mould wall 10 and three stationary mould walls 20, 30, and 40.

Fig. 7 shows the basic position of the moulding tool that is used for pressing the brick blanks having the brick width B2. The mould wall 10 has been set by the adjustment drive 11 thereof to the spacing B2 from the mould wall 20, and by way of the lateral parts 16 and 17 thereof by means of the retaining installation 60, in particular by way of the locking bolts 35 and 38 that engage in the locking clearances 15 and 18, is retained in the adjustment direction V. The press rams carry press plates that are adapted to the brick width B2, the upper press ram 5 carrying the press plate 6. The central axis A of the press rams 5 and 7 is preferably set so as to be centric in relation to the press plates 6 and 8 and to the mould walls 10 and 20, or is an axis of symmetry for the moulding space 2.

According to Fig. 8, the retaining installation 60 is now deactivated; in particular, the locking bolts 35 and 38 are driven out of the locking clearances. The mould wall 10 is now freely adjustable.

According to Fig. 9, the adjustment drive 11 now moves the mould wall 10 away from the mould wall 20 in the adjustment direction V up to the spacing B1 > B2. The retaining installation 60 is reactivated; in particular, the locking bolts 35 and 38 are driven into the new locking clearances that correspond to the new spacing B1. The mould wall 10 and 20 is now retained again.

However, due to the unilateral adjustment of the mould wall 10 the central axis A of the press rams 5 and 7 is displaced in an eccentric manner. Therefore, according to Fig. 9, the moulding box 3 is now additionally unlocked and displaced in a displacement direction Z from a position ZO to a position Z1, so that the central axis A again lies in the centre of the moulding space 3 and between the mould walls 10 and 20, said moulding box 3 then being locked again. According to Fig. 10, the press plates on the press rams 5 and 7 are now replaced, and press plates 6 and 8 that are adapted to the the new brick width B1 are fitted.

In order to convert from the larger brick width B1 to the smaller brick width B2, the steps are carried out in the sequence of Fig. 10, then changing the press plates to a smaller width B2, then releasing the retaining installation 60, adjusting the mould wall 10 from B1 to B2, then fixing by means of the retaining installation 60 according to Fig. 9 to Fig. 8, and retaining the mould wall 10 according to Fig. 7, and then only displacing the moulding box 3 back by d, according to the reverse step from Fig. 9 according to Fig. 8.

The adjustment drive 11 or 21 also permits a further function or operational mode, in which prior to ejecting the brick blank the adjustable mould wall is outwardly moved by a minor distance, thus being released from the blank. On account thereof, the friction and the ejection force may be significantly reduced.

Moreover, in another embodiment the support part 14 or 24 by means of the adjustment drive 11 or 21 may be driven outwards from the other mould walls 30 and 40 for a tool changeover, and one or both of the press plates 12 or 22 may then be replaced by a press plate or a press part having another contour, in particular in the cross section in relation to the pressing direction P, for example a triangular contour such that special formats that in the cross section are triangular or pentagonal or trapezoidal, or else are of a curved, in particular concave or convex contour, are producible. To this end, depending on the application, the brick is once again rotated, or the dimensions of brick length, brick width, brick height are swapped.

Fig. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment of such a variant, in which a press part (or wear part) 12’ that in the cross section is wedge-shaped or triangular is installed or used on the support part 14 of the mould wall 10 instead of a straight press plate 12. The mould face of the mould wall 10 that is contiguous to the moulding space 2 is now a flat face on the internal side of the wedge-shaped or triangular press part 12’ that is inclined at an angle to the adjustment direction V. On account thereof, the moulding space 2 in the cross section is no longer rectangular but trapezoidal. The other press plate 22 on the mould wall 20 is configured as in Fig. 6, for example so as to be straight and perpendicular to the adjustment direction V, by may also be replaced by a press part of a different shape.

In one particular embodiment according to Fig. 13, an additional mould separation wall 80 which divides the moulding space 2 into two individual moulding spaces 2A and 2B, each for producing one brick blank of a comparatively small format, is installed or provided as a central web or as a central wall, proceeding for example from Fig. 6, in particular so as to be centric in the region of the central axis A. The moulding space 2A lies between the adjustable mould wall 10 and the mould separation wall 80, and the second moulding space 2B lies between the adjustable mould wall 20 and the mould separation wall 80. Each moulding space 2A and 2B is assigned associated press rams, of which an upper press ram 5A having an upper press plate 6A for the moulding space 2A is schematically drawn, and of which an upper press ram 5B having an upper press plate 6B for the moulding space 2A is schematically drawn. From the original one moulding space having two adjustable mould walls, two smaller moulding spaces 2A and 2B that are separated by the mould separation wall 80 have now been created, each having only one adjustable mould wall 10 or 230, respectively. The mould separation wall 80 may preferably be installed or removed, depending on demand or on the desired brick formats.

The press device is thus in particular a mating-brick press having an adjustable tool system for dissimilar brick formats.

List of reference signs 2, 2A, 2B Moulding space 3 Moulding box 4 I nterior space 5, 5A, 5B Upper press ram 6, 6’, 6A, 6B Upper press plate 7 Lower press ram 8 Lower press plate I 0 Mould wall II Adjustment drive 12, 12' Press plate, press part 14 Support part 1 5 Locking clearance 16,17 Lateral part 18 Locking clearance 20 Mould wall 21 Adjustment drive 22 Wear part 24 Support part 25 Locking clearance 26, 27 Lateral part 28 Locking clearance 30 Mould wall 35 Locking bolt 38 Locking bolt 40 Mould wall 55 Upper ram unit 57 Lower ram unit 60 Retaining installation 70 Retaining installation 80 Mould separation wall A Central axis B1, B2 Brick width H Brick height L Brick length P Pressing direction V Adjustment movement

Claims

Method for producing green brick bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in which method a) in at least one mold space (2) bounded by at least two, preferably four, mold walls (10, 20, 30) 30), bricks with a first brick size are pressed from a first material in a first production process, and bricks with a second brick size are pressed from a first material in a second production process, by means of at least one set of press rams (5 and 6; 7) and 8) capable of coming together in a pressing direction (P) in the mold space (2) between the mold walls (10, 20, 30, 40); b) wherein at least one of the mold walls (10; 10 and 20) of the mold space (2) is adjusted between the first and second production process by means of an assigned adjusting drive (11; 11 and 21) such that the cross section of the mold space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the mold space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), and therefore preferably the brick size, in the first and second production process are uneven.

A method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one mold space with its mold walls is arranged in an inner space (4) of a mold box (3), wherein the corresponding setting drive (s) is / are preferably attached to the mold box, and in particular is / are at least partially arranged in the inner space of the mold box.

Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one of the mold walls (10) of the mold space (2) is set between the first production process and the second production process by means of the assigned setting drive (11), and the mold space, or the mold walls thereof, after adjustment of the mold wall, in particular by displacement of the mold box, is / are preferably centered with respect to a central pressing axis (A) of the pressing ram such that the adjusted mold wall and the opposite mold wall are mutually equal are from the central press axis (A).

Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein between the first production process and the second production process two mutually opposite mold walls (10, 20) of the mold space (2) are set by means of the assigned setting drives (11, 21), and preferably are centered with respect to a central pressing axis (A) of the pressing rams, or are adjusted while maintaining a centering, or are adjusted in a centered manner, such that the two set mutually opposite mold walls are at equal distances from each other central press axis (A).

A method according to claim 4, wherein a mold partition wall (80) can be provided or provided between the two adjustable mold walls (10, 20), wherein the mold partition wall (80) divides the mold space (29) into two separate mold spaces (2A) 2B) which are each separated from one another by one of the adjustable mold walls (10, 20) on the one hand and by the mold partition wall (80) on the other.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein after adjustment of the at least one mold wall (10, 20), the mold wall is subsequently, by means of at least one assigned holding installation (60, 70) during the first production process and during the second production process is held and the holding device is released or deactivated for the adjustment between the production processes and re-confirmed or activated after adjustment, wherein at least one holding device is preferably integrated into the assigned adjustment drive, or is a unit independent of the adjustment drive, and / or wherein the or each holding installation does not adjust the position of the mold wall set by means of the adjusting drive (11, 21).

Method for producing green bricks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the method a) in at least one mold space (2) bounded by mold walls (10, 20, 30) bricks with a first brick format are pressed from a first material in a first production process, and bricks from a second brick format pressed from a first material in a second production process, by means of a set of press rams (5 and 6; 7 and 8) capable of coming together in a pressing direction (P) in the mold space (2) between the mold walls (10, 20, 30, 40); b) wherein at least one of the mold walls (10; 10 and 20) of the mold space (2) is at least partially replaced between the first production process and the second production process and is preferably adjusted such that the cross section of the mold space (2) ) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the mold space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), and therefore the brick size, differ in the first production process and in the second production process.

A method according to claim 7, wherein in the first production process the cross-section of the mold space has a first shape, in particular is rectangular, and in the second production process, after replacing the at least one mold wall, another, in particular not - has a rectangular shape, in particular is triangular or trapezoidal or pentagonal, or has a curved contour.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein between the first production process and the second production process, at least a pressing plate (6, 6 ', 8) on the pressing rams (5, 7) is replaced to adjust the uneven cross-sections of the mold space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or to the dimension (B1, B2) of the mold space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), in the first production process and the second production process.

Method for producing green bricks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, in which method a) in at least one mold space (2) bounded by mold walls (10, 20, 30) 30), green bricks are pressed from a first material by means of pressing rams (5 and 6; 7 and 8) that can come together in a pressing direction (P) in the mold space (2) between the mold walls (10, 20, 30, 40) , and are then ejected from the mold space by means of one of press rams; b) wherein the mold walls are formed to be smooth and / or have no recess or protrusions for a tongue-and-groove connection, and / or wherein the brick length is generated in the pressing direction, and the brick width and brick height are obtained perpendicularly to the pressing direction and c) wherein, after pressing and before a blank is ejected, at least one of the mold walls is adjusted outwards by means of a connected adjusting drive, to release this mold wall from the blank before the latter is ejected.

Device for producing green bricks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, the device with a) at least one mold space (2) which is bounded by at least two, preferably four, mold walls (10, 20, 30); b) a filling device for filling the mold space with a first material; c) at least one set of pressing rams (5 and 6; 7 and 8) that can come together in a pressing direction (P) in the mold space (2) between the mold walls (10, 20, 30, 40), for pressing green bricks of the first material introduced into the mold space; d) wherein at least one mold wall (10; 10 and 20) is adjustable by means of an assigned adjusting drive (11; 11 and 21) such that the cross section of the mold space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least at least one dimension (B1, B2) of the mold space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), and therefore preferably the brick size, becomes adjustable to be different in a first production process and in a second production process; e) wherein the or each adjustable mold wall (10, 20) is assigned to a connected holding installation (60, 70) for holding during the first production process and during the second production process, wherein the or each holding installation adjusts the position of the mold wall set does not adjust by means of the setting drive (11, 21).

Device according to claim 11, with at least one or any combination of the following features below: a) the or each mold space (2) is provided in an interior space (4) of a mold box (3); b) the connected biasing drive (s) is / are attached to the mold box, and is in particular at least partially provided in the interior space of the mold box; c) at least one bias drive is a pneumatic drive, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly; d) at least one bias drive is a drive, in particular a spindle drive, operated by an electric motor; e) at least one holding device is integrated in the connected biasing drive, in particular as a locking or braking device between the piston and the cylinder of the pneumatic or hydraulic piston-and-cylinder assembly, or as a locking or braking device on the spindle of the spindle drive, or as a mechanical motor brake in the electric motor, for example on the rotor of the electric motor; f) at least one holding device is a unit that is independent of the connected bias drive, and in particular comprises cooperating locking bolts (35, 38) and locking spaces (15, 18, 25, 28) which may in particular be arranged or arranged on the mold box and on one or two lateral (s) (16, 17, 26, 27) of the mold wall which is preferably provided on a support part.