NL1032486C2 - Method and device for manufacturing brick bricks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks. - Google Patents

Description

I Brief description: Method and device for manufacturing brick bricks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing brick bricks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks.

Sand-lime bricks are produced by pressing lime and sand in a press and subsequently hardening under steam pressure.

In "KS-Maurerfibel" from J. Wessig, Herausgeber: KS-Infor GmbH, Hanover, 6 Auflage 1998, the usual limestone sizes for masonry dressings or masonry made of sand-lime brick are described in detail. For example, there are standard sizes for sand-lime bricks, all of which are substantially rectangular and that lie on their sides at right angles (90 °) against each other and differ only because of their rectangular width, length and height dimensions. This includes both exactly rectangular bricks with smooth surfaces as well as substantially rectangular bricks with brass groove surfaces on two opposite sides for the brass groove connection with an adjacent brick in the masonry. Moreover, on one or two opposite sides, recesses or through holes can be provided in the standard bricks as handles or for the installation of installations or for the thermal insulation as a hollow brick or hollow block brick, as opposed to solid bricks on block bricks. In the larger rectangle sizes there are so-called flat elements (abbreviated PE) for the application for a particularly well thought-out wall structure (cf. pages 30 to 20).

There is also a series of special sizes for sand-lime bricks, for example so-called U-shells (see page 21) or installation stones with one or two pipe ducts or cornerstones with a pentagonal cross-section with rectangular corners and corners with an obtuse angle of, for example, 135 ° or 45 ° (cf. page 55 or page 21) or so-called radius cornerstones (cf. page 21 or 52) with rectangular corners and at least one round corner or also facing brick, which in addition to rectangular corners have at least one include an oblique or oblique side and can therefore have a triangular or pentagonal shape (see page 93).

The special formats are usually removed at a workplace or occasionally also at the construction site using a hand saw or circular saw from a rectangular solid stone, in particular a PE.

DE 22 64 247 A1 discloses the production of bricks for building blocks in a press, wherein a molding box, which is used in a horizontally displaceable table, is filled under a filling station with molding material, and wherein the supplied molding material after moving the table in a pressing station until a green apple is pressed.

DE 28 30 779 C2 discloses a hydraulic double-sand-lime printing press with an above-lying press stamp vertically movable by means of a hydraulic drive cylinder, one of these lower-lying, stationary lower press stamps and a vertically movable supported during a pressing movement movable pressing form remote from the mold mass of the molding mass, which laterally defined a movable mold space for the pressing mass located above and below by the pressing stamp with above-filled filling and lower bottom openings and at the lower ends of the vertically filled piston rods of a group is suspended by hydraulic actuators, for which a hydraulic control circuit is provided for operation. The pressing mold can also comprise a number of mold spaces for simultaneously pressing a number of molds, wherein both the upper and lower pressing stamps comprise a correspondingly adapted multiple embodiment.

According to DE 34 46 092 C2, several sand-lime bricks are produced with a brick press and then combined with mortar or glue to form a wall element and subsequently hardened with steam, whereby by blocking bricks with a width smaller than the entire brick length, block dressings having the same on all sides surfaces are formed. For the manufacture of a green bricks with a length shorter than the entire brick length, the molding space of the brick press is only partially filled and the brick produced by the pressing movement after removal from the mold and for insertion into a brick layer at 90 ° about a axis extending in the direction of the brick width.

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DE 35 03 465 Ai discloses a method for the production of a sand-lime brick using a brick press with a molding box for receiving molding material and a pressing plate movable in the molding box for compacting the molding material, wherein the pressing plate is perpendicular to the height of the stone in its position of use is moved.

Finally, DE 195 35 790 discloses building blocks as well as a method for manufacturing building blocks in a molding press, wherein the length of some building blocks is thereby individually adjusted by being pressed in their longitudinal direction. The mold can be movable along the pressing direction to thereby follow the movement of the or the stamping stamp (s) during the movement.

DE 195 01 812 C2 describes a method in which the pressed rough stones for curing are cut with a handsaw at a predetermined thickness of stone to the correct length, miter or slant and subsequently the sawn rough materials are hardened.

DE 2714934 A and DE 3904617 A each disclose a hydraulic press for the production of brick formations, each having an upper and a lower pressing stamp and a molding table with pressing mold movable between them vertically and vertically. The two pressing stamps are each adapted to the pressing form, so that they close tightly during pressing. In DE 3904617 A both pressing stamps and the molding table with the pressing mold are vertically hydraulically movable, while in DE 2714934 A the upper pressing stamp is fixedly arranged and only the lower pressing stamp and the molding table with the pressing mold in the vertical direction by means of. hydraulic drive. According to the description of both documents, the movements of the press stamp and of the molding table are each controlled in such a way that the negative effects of the fixed adherence of the molding composition to the vertical side walls of the pressing mold are minimized.

The invention now has for its object to provide a new method and a new device for manufacturing brick bricks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, with which special formats can be manufactured.

This object is solved according to the invention with regard to the method with the features of claim 1 and with regard to the device with the features of claim 30.

The invention is based on the consideration that at least one forming space is provided for the pressing movement, which in the cross-section is already orthogonal to the pressing direction at a desired special format of the brick formation (or not provided at right angles) (or: lithographic pressure filling). It is also pressed into the mold space of the brick formation formed according to the invention in the particular format, so that post-processing by sawing a brick formation formed in the standard format in the particular format can be omitted. These measures according to the invention are particularly suitable for manufacturing facing bricks and cornerstones with masonry connections.

Further embodiments and further developments of the method as well as the device are obtained from the claims which are in each case dependent on claim 1 and claim 30 respectively.

In an advantageous embodiment, which is particularly suitable for facing bricks, the cross-section of at least one molding space of the pressed brick formation has the shape of a triangle, preferably a rectangular triangle. The triangle may in particular be equilateral and may sometimes comprise outside the right angle, inside angles of 45 ° or 38 ° or 17 ° or some other inside angle value, in particular with facing bricks.

Alternatively, the cross section of at least one molding space or the pressed brick molding can also be a polygon with at least four or at least five angles.

The polygon can in particular be composed of a triangle and a rectangle. In this case, in particular, one side of the triangle may coincide with one side of the rectangle and one side of the triangle may extend parallel to this in a continuation to one side of the rectangle, so that in particular a quadrangle with two straight and two non -right inner corners (a blunt and sharp inner corner). Furthermore, the triangle can also be on the rectangle of a house as a roof, so that a pentagon is created.

Furthermore, the polygon may comprise at least one angle, preferably at least two angles, with an inner angle (angle between two sides on polygon sides at this angle) of 90 ° and further angles with an inner angle unequal to 90 °. At least an inner angle of the polygon can be 45 ° or 135 °. Such embodiments are particularly suitable for cornerstones in brickwork.

In a further embodiment the cross-section comprises at least one molding space on the pressed brick molding at least in a sub-region of its edge region a convex curvature, in particular a circular curvature, wherein in particular between at least two corners, preferably rectangular corners, the convex curvature in at least one part region of its edge region lying between the corners are provided. This embodiment is particularly suitable for a radius cornerstone.

In all embodiments, at least on one side of the cross-section of at least one forming space or of the pressed brick structure, at least one recess and / or at least one protrusion can be provided for the creation or formation of a, even without mortar, brass groove connection surface to an adjacent brick in the masonry connection.

In a special embodiment, a molding mold or molding tool (or: pressing mold or pressing tool) with a plurality of differently shaped molding spaces (or: pressing spaces) is provided for pressing brick moldings of different dimensions (or: brick pressing). By shifting (or: translating, adjusting) the molding mold by means of at least one adjusting drive, an associated molding space for a desired brick molding is brought to a filling position and there at least partially filled with starting material by means of a filling device. From the filler material, two stamps, which are generally orthogonal to the mold direction adapted to the molding space, are pressed into the mold space of the desired brick formation. Shifting can be done automatically and very quickly (tool-rough adjustment) by means of the adjustment drive, so that no time-consuming tool change is required. Thus, for the production of bricks required for a specified brickwork, in particular sand-lime bricks with different sizes, in particular different wall strengths or dimensions such as height, width and / or length with a forming tool 30 and preferably by means of a predetermined steering system can be manufactured fully automatically.

Further advantageous embodiments follow from the further dependent claims.

The invention is further elucidated hereinbelow on the basis of exemplary embodiments. The drawings are also included, in which: figure 1 shows a device for pressing masonry blocks of different dimensions in a longitudinal section; Figure 2 shows a part of the device according to figure 1 in a partly cut-away top view of the mold; figure 3 shows the device according to figure 1 when filling a mold space of the mold in a longitudinal section; Figure 4 shows the device according to figure 3 when pressing the filling material into the associated mold space in a longitudinal section; figure 5 shows the device according to figures 3 and 4 for working out the pressed raw material in a longitudinal section; Figure 6 shows the device according to figure 1 with horizontally shifted shape in a longitudinal section; figure 7 shows a part of the device according to figure 6 with shifted shape in a partly cut-away top view; Figure 8 shows the raw material pressed according to figure 5 in a perspective view; figure 9 shows a further embodiment of a mold in a top view; figure 10 shows the rough stone pressed with the shape according to figure 9 in a perspective view; figure 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a shape in a top view and; Figure 12 shows the rough stone produced with the mold according to Figure 11; 25 are each schematically shown. Parts and sizes corresponding to each other are provided with the same reference numerals in Figures 1 to 12.

The press or device for pressing masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, according to figures 1 and 2 comprises an upper punch unit 3 and a lower punch unit 4 as well as a mold die 2. An upper pusher 13 drives the upper punch unit 3 and a lower punch unit stamper 14 the lower stamping unit 4, so that a linear movement of the stamping units j

3 and 4 relatively to each other and away from each other in a vertical I

pressing direction P is possible. !

The molds 2 comprise four separate or apart I

spaced-apart mold spaces 20, 21, 22 and 23, each of which in Figure 2 comprises a triangular cross-section with different - 7 - triangular shapes. A brick formation with predetermined individual cross section can also be pressed into each molding space 20 to 23.

The triangles of the cross-section of the mold spaces 20 to 23 are in each case rectangular. The right angle is in each case enclosed by the two sides a1 and b1 of the mold space 20 or a2 and b2 of the mold space 21 or a3 and b3 of the mold space 22 or a4 or b4 of the mold space 23. The side de (Hypotenuse) opposite the right angle is indicated by c1 at the mold space 20, c2 at the mold space 21, c3 at the mold space 22 and c4 at the mold space 23.

With the mold space 20, the Hypotenuse cl encloses each side with both sides and bl includes an angle of 45 ° each. The rectangular triangle of the cross-section of the mold space 20 is also an equilateral triangle, which means that the sides a1 and b1 are of equal length.

In the cross-section of the forming space 21, the a2 side and the Hypotenuse c2 enclose an angle of 38 ° and the side b2 and the Hypotenuse c2 an angle of 52 °.

In the cross-section of the mold space 22, the a3 side and the Hypotenuse c3 enclose an angle of 31 ° and the side b3 and the Hypotenuse c3 an angle of 59 °.

In cross-section of the mold space 23, the angle between side a4 and Hypotenuse c4 70 ° is an angle between side b4 and Hypotenusa c4 73 °.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first sides a1, a2, a3 and a4 of four triangular cross-sections of the mold space 20 to 23 are in each case the same and amount, for example, to 500 mm. The further lengths b1 to b4 of the sides and c1 to c4 follow from the trigonometric ratios.

The mold 2 is horizontally slidable or movable over two linear guides arranged on opposite long sides, in particular guide rails 11 and 12, in the shifting direction V by means of an adjusting drive 16 which is connected to the mold 2 by a connecting element 6. connected.

The adjusting drive 16 and the connecting element 6 can in particular comprise at least one, for example telescopically extendable, cylinder. As a rule, a hydraulic drive or cylinder is provided. However, a pneumatic drive can also be provided or a drive with at least one electric drive motor and a mechanical transmission device such as, for example, a gear drive. The adjusting drive 16 can be driven stepwise or in discrete step sizes or preferably continuously in any position.

The guides 11 and 12 are attached to a frame 5 of the! device attached, to which also the tamper 13 and 14 with associated tamper drives are vertically movable and guided bearing.

Each stamping unit 3 and 4 now each comprises four pressing stamps 30 to 33 and 40 to 43 respectively, which can only engage one of the mold spaces 20 to 23 of the mold 2 in the pressing direction P precisely from above or below respectively. In the basic arrangement according to Figure 1, the. upper stamping unit 3 still outside of engagement of the mold die 2 and the lower stamping unit 4 is arranged such that the lower pressing stamp 40 to 43 in each case seals the mold spaces 20 to 23 downwards, but not yet substantially moved into the mold spaces 20 to 23.

For the additional guidance of the stamping unit 3 and 4 in the mold 2, additional upper guide elements 38, 20 are arranged on the upper stamping unit and lower guide elements 48 on the lower stamping unit 4, which from above and below into a respective guide space 38 in engage the mold 2.

On the opposite side of the hydraulic actuator 16 in the connecting element 6, the mold 2 can be removed from the guides 11 and 12 in general after releasing fastening elements in order to be able to carry out a tool change or a change of the mold 2.

A center of the press or center surface or working surface of the device is indicated by M and forms a filling position or working position for a mold space 20 to 23 of the mold mold 2 respectively. In the area of the center surface M are on opposite sides of the mold surface. mold 2 on the one hand a filler material supply device (filler slide) 7 for supplying filler material or starting material, with sand-lime bricks in particular lime and sand and on the opposite side a stone intake device 8, for example with a gripping device (not shown) and a transport device , in particular a conveyor belt, for discharging the finished or pressed brick formations and to carry out a hardening layer or, if necessary, a sawing operation or another separation operation therefor.

In the basic arrangement according to figure 1 and figure 2, the mold space 21 of the mold mold 2 is arranged in the middle plane M.

This mold space 21 is now filled with filling material 10 in a filling step, wherein the pressing stamp 41 of the lower stamping unit 4 of the mold space 21 seals downwards, so that the filling material 10 cannot fall out. Depending on the desired final dimension (c in figure 5) of the brick formation in the pressing direction P, the degree of filling or the height of the filling material 10 is determined.

In the embodiment shown, the filling can be carried out with a linearly moved filling slider, wherein the mold space to be filled is covered by covers or, in the case of individually drivable lower pressing dies, can be closed by raising the corresponding lower pressing dies. Alternatively or additionally, the mold spaces can also be axially spaced relative to each other over their joint cross-section, so that their projections do not overlap perpendicular to the machining direction. As a result, the filling disc can only be moved along the length of the relevant mold space and it does not also fill the axial adjacent mold space.

Figure 3 shows the device after the filling, wherein here a complete filling with filling material 10 of the mold space 21 is provided.

Following the filling, a pressing movement is now carried out, wherein the upper stamping unit 3 and the lower stamping unit 4 are moved onto each other in the pressing direction P, as shown by the corresponding arrows pointing towards each other.

Thereby, the pressing stamp 31 of the upper stamping unit 3 and the pressing stamp 41 of the lower stamping unit 4, as shown in Figure 4, are moved into the mold space 21 of the mold 2 and compacting or pressing the filling material 10 there. has been reached, the dies 31 and 41 come to a standstill and the final final dimension from the starting material 10 has now been formed in the pressing direction P.

Parallel to the stamps 31 and 41, the stamps 30, 32 and 33, 40, 42 and 43, respectively, also engage in the associated mold space 20, 22 and 23, which are nevertheless empty, so that no pressing of material takes place there. Furthermore, the upper guide elements 38 of the upper punch unit 3 engage in the guide space 28, while the lower guide elements 48 of the lower punch unit still engage. stay.

Figure 5 now shows the ejection of finished pressed brick formations 50. The upper stamp unit 3 has gone up again and the stamps 30 to 33 and guide elements 38 have left the mold mold 2 out of engagement at a distance out of range, so that or pressed brick filler 10 formed by pressing the lower punch 41 of the lower punching unit 4 upwards out of the mold space 21 of the mold 2.

The brick formation 50 (shown in perspective in Figure 8), has now taken over the triangular cross-section of the forming space 21 and has the dimension or width B in the third coordinate direction or dimension 15 in pressing direction P. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the dimension comes B corresponds to the thickness of the masonry brick in the masonry state and may, for example, be B = 365 mm. Here, the pressing direction P is also directed in the direction of the width or thickness of the brick. However, the pressing direction P in one of the other dimensions or dimensions, for example in the direction of the length or height of the brick formation 50, can also be oriented in accordance with the brick length or brick height.

The guide elements 48 of the lower stamping unit 4 now engage according to Figure 5 in the guide space 28 of the mold 2. The finished brick shaping 50 is now taken from the molding die 2 by the brick receiving device 8 (shown in Figure 2) and transported away for curing. This cured brick 50, triangular in cross-section, can in particular be used as facing brick.

Now, in a final processing step for the manufacture of a further brick forming with different dimensions, the molds 2 and stamping units 3 and 4 are shifted in the shifting direction V such that a desired different mold space, in the example of Figs. 6 and 7, of the mold space 22, of the mold 2 comes to lie in the median plane M of the device. In order to be able to guide or adjust the stamping units 3 and 4 along the same adjustment path as the forming die 2 in the shifting direction V, linear guides, in particular 11, guide rails, 53 and 54, are provided in the corresponding pistons 13 and 14, which guide a shift of enable the stamping unit 3 or 4 relative to the stamper 13 or 14 in the shifting direction V.

In a preferred embodiment, the upper stamping unit 3 with their guide elements 38 and the lower stamping unit 4 with their guide elements 48 are then each time | inserted or introduced into the associated guiding space 28 of the mold 2 j, and thus a mold seal is created between the mold 2 and the two stamping units 3 and 4 in the shifting direction (not shown). Subsequently - not shown - mounting or fixing elements such as, for example, hydraulic clamping devices for fixing or fixing the stamping units 3 and 4 to the respective guide 53 and 54 are loosened, so that a slidability of the stamping units 3 and 4 in their guides 53 and 54 is received.

The adjusting drive 16 is now operated with the connecting element 6 and the mold 2 in the linear guides 11 and 12 - according to Figures 6 and 7 - are each moved to the left - until the mold space 22 in the central plane M between the filling material supply device 7 and the stone removal device device 8 is arranged. The stamping units 3 and 4 engaging in the mold 2 move in their guides 53 and 54 synchronously along the same adjustment path as the mold 2 as a locking tool unit in the shifting direction V.

In general, the punches 31 and 41 used in each case for pressing are arranged in the center plane M and at the same time in the center of the pusher 13 and 14 in figure 6 in order to obtain an optimum power transmission and no torque. to introduce.

While in Figs. 3 to 5 a brick forming with the triangular cross-section of the mold space 21 is produced, with the shifted mold 2 according to Figs. 6 and 7 a brick forming with the other triangular cross-section of the mold space 22 can now be manufactured. The progress with filling, pressing and ejecting takes place analogously to figures 3 to 6, but now briefly in the mold space 22 instead of the mold space 21.

For the production of brick bricks with the other cross-section of the molding space 20 or 23, the molding mold 2 is moved to the right in an analogous manner in the shifting direction V according to Figs. 6 and 12 to 7, to the relevant molding space 20 or 23 in the central plane M is lying down.

For moving the stamping units 3 and 4 relative to their pistons 13 and 14 in the shifting direction V 5, separate drives (not shown) can also be provided, in particular hydraulic, electrical or pneumatic drives, so that an engagement of the stamping units 3 and 4 in the molds 2 when adjusting is not required.

In embodiments not shown, filling and pressing can also be carried out simultaneously in at least two adjusting directions, for example matrix-shaped molded spaces in the mold and a corresponding adjustability in the adjusting directions and / or in multiple mold spaces or at multiple filling positions. The guides for the stamping units and / or the molds must in particular then be non-linear, but may also comprise other paths.

Furthermore, simple embodiments can also be provided with molds with only one mold space or non-automatically adjustable molds without adjusting drive, which can only be installed and removed manually as is known per se (tool change).

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a mold 2 with only one mold space 24, which comprises a pentagonal (pentagonal) cross-section for manufacturing a per se known corner stone 50, which is shown in Figure 10 and in cross-section 25 as well as the mold space includes three right angles and two blunt angles of 135 ° as well as on one side recesses and protrusions for a brass groove connection.

Figure 11 shows an embodiment of a mold 2 with only one mold space 25, which comprises a cross-section derived from a rectangle for manufacturing a per se known radius cornerstone 50, which is shown in Figure 12 and in cross-section as well as the mold space 24 triangles with right angles and a fourth circular arc-shaped rounded corner.

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VorTiTi nrrcr »i * i fori iifit ---” - J WJX. - .- J- - 2 form die 3 upper stamping unit 5 4 lower stamping unit 5 frame 6 connecting element 7 filling material supply 8 removal device 10 10 filling material 11, 12 guide 13 upper stamper 14 lower stamper 16 adjusting drive 15, 21 shaping space 22, 23 shaping space 24, shaping space 30, 31 upper stamp 32, 33 upper stamp 20 38 upper guide element 40, 41 lower punch 42, 43 lower punch 48 lower guiding element 50 brick forming 53, 54 guide B dimension a1, a2, a3, a4 dimension b1, b2, b3, b4 dimension 30 c1, c2, c3, c4 dimension V shift direction M center plane P pressing direction 1032486

Claims (51)

Method for manufacturing brick bricks (50) for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, wherein a) starting material (10) is supplied at least once to the at least one molding space (22) and by means of a pair in a pressing direction pressing stamps (32, 42) moving against each other in the mold space until a brick molding (50) is pressed, b) the cross section of the mold spaces (20, 21, 22, 23) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P) a non-rectangular basic shape and / or wherein the pressed brick forming comprises a non-rectangular cross-section. 2. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-section of at least one mold space or of the pressed brick structure is triangular. 3. Method as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least two sides of the cross-section of the molding space or brick molding are of equal length. Method according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein an inner corner of the triangle of the cross-section of the mold space or brick forming is 90 °. 25 The method of any one of claims 2-4, wherein an acute angle of the triangle of the cross-section of the molding space or brick forming is 45 ° or 38 ° or 17 °. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cross-section of at least one molding space or of the pressed brick molding is a polygon with at least four, preferably at least five angles. Method according to claim 6, wherein the sides of the polygon enclose an angle of 90 ° on at least one, preferably at least two corners of the polygon and / or on at least one or at least two corners of the polygon Include 90 ° deviating angle, in particular 45 ° or 135 °. 1 032486 - 15 - The method of claim 6 or claim 1, wherein the polygon is composed of a rectangle and a triangle. A method according to any of claims 6-8, wherein the polygon comprises four angles and wherein the sides of the polygon enclose an angle of 90 ° at two angles and enclose an angle other than 90 ° at two further angles. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one side of the cross-section, in particular of the triangle or polygon of the molding space or brick molding is 500 mm long. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cross-section of at least one molding space or of the pressed brick formation comprises a convex, in particular circular, curvature at least in a part region of the edge region. A method according to claim 11, wherein the cross-section of at least one mold space or of the pressed brick structure comprises at least two, preferably rectangular corners, and comprises convex curvature in at least one sub-region that lies between two corners of the edge region. 25 13. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the cross-section of at least one forming space or the pressed brick formation comprises at least on one side at least one recess and / or at least one protrusion for manufacturing or forming a brass and groove connection surface. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein a) at least two mold spaces (20, 21, 22, 23), which are perpendicular to a pressing direction in a cross-section or in at least one dimension (d1, d2, d3, d4) (P) differ from each other, are applied, b) at least one first mold space (22) is brought to or moved at least at a filling position (M), c) at least once starting material (10) in the at least 16 first molding space (22) is filled at the at least one filling position and at least one pressing position by means of a first pair of pressing stamps (32, 42) moving in a pressing direction against each other in the first molding space into at least a first brick molding (50) is pressed, and wherein d) subsequently at least one second mold space (23) is brought to the at least one filling position and e) at least once starting material is fed into the at least one second mold space at the at least one filling position and 10 there or on one another pressing position is pressed into the second forming space by means of a second pair of pressing stamps (33, 43) moving against each other in a pressing direction into at least a second brick forming. Method according to claim 14, wherein a) a mold (2) with at least two mold spaces (20, 21, 22, 23) that are perpendicular in a cross-section or in at least one dimension (d1, d2, d3, d4) is applied to a pressing direction (P), b) at least a first mold space (22) of the mold is brought to at least one filling position (M) by adjusting the mold mold by means of at least one adjusting drive (16) c) is supplied at least once starting material (10) to the at least one filling position in the at least one first forming space (22) and is supplied by means of a first pair of pressing stamps (32, 42) movable against each other in a pressing direction. is pressed into the first mold space into at least a first brick structure (50), and wherein d) subsequently at least a second mold space (23) from the mold mold by adjusting the mold mold by means of this or another adjusting drive to the at least one filling position and e) at least once starting material is supplied to the at least one filling position in the at least one second forming space and there or to a second pair of pressing stamps (33, 43) movable against each other in a pressing direction (33, 43) molding space until at least a second brick molding is pressed. - 17 - A method according to claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the pair of press stamps belonging to one or the mold space moved to the at least one filling position is also moved to the filling position. 5 17. Method according to one of the claims 14-16, wherein a) two stamping units (3, 4) which are movable towards each other in the direction of pressing are used, each with at least one, preferably several, stamping stamp (s), each for a mold space 10 arranged pair of pressing stamps for pressing a brick forming with a pressing stamp of the first stamping unit and an associated pressing stamp of the second stamping unit, and wherein b) the stamping units when adjusting or moving the mold spaces and / or the mold mold (s) also be adjusted or moved because the pair of pressing dies moved to one or the molding space moved to the at least one filling position or pressing position also move to the filling position or pressing position. The method of claim 17, wherein each stamping unit 20 is driven in the pressing direction by an associated tamper (13, 14) and is slidably mounted in a guide (53, 54) associated with the associated stamper. 19. Method as claimed in claim 17 or claim 18, wherein each stamping unit can be fastened at all or different positions relative to the guides by means of at least one releasable fastening element and for adjusting or moving each stamping unit each fastening element is released and the stamping unit is shifted in the associated guide over the same adjustment distance as the mold or mold and whereupon the stamping unit is subsequently fixed again in the new position achieved by means of at least one fastening element. 1 A method according to any one of claims 17-19, wherein the at least one or both stamping unit (s) is form-connected to the mold or mold space for adjusting or moving and is jointly adjusted or moved with the mold or mold space, wherein preferably the molds or the mold spaces and the mold-locked connected stamp unit (s) are jointly adjusted by means of the same adjusting drive. A method according to any one of claims 17-20, wherein at least one or both stamping unit (s) with an associated own or independent adjusting drive is adjusted or adjusted. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mold spaces or the mold (s) and / or the pressing stamp and / or the stamping unit (s) are repaired or moved in at least one adjusting direction, which is preferably directed perpendicular to the pressing direction is. 15 23. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein a) at least two molds with at least one mold space, wherein the mold spaces differ in their shape in a cross-section perpendicular to a pressing direction, b) at least one starting material in a first molding space, which is provided in a first molding mold, by means of a first pair of pressing stamps which are movable against each other in the pressing direction and adapted to the first molding space at a predetermined pressing position into at least a first brick molding to a first molding space through the first molding space is pressed from predetermined shape, c) subsequently the first mold space by transporting the first mold mold by means of a transport device, in particular adjusting by means of the at least one adjusting drive, and the first pair of pressing stamps by means of said or another transport device can be moved out of the pressing position, d) ad from a second mold space, which is arranged in a second mold mold, by transporting the second mold mold by means of another transport device and a second pair of pressing stamps which are movable against each other in the pressing direction by means of said or another conveying device to the pressing position and wherein e) at least once starting material is pressed into the second molding space at the pressing position by means of the second pair of pressing punches into at least a second brick forming with a shape predetermined by the second molding space. - 19 - 24. Method as claimed in claim 23, wherein by transporting the first mold mold or the second mold mold is brought by means of the transport device from the first mold space or the second mold space to a filling position of a filling device and at the filling position the starting material in the first mold space whether the second mold space is supplied. 10 A method according to any of claims 14-24, wherein the filling position corresponds to the pressing position for the respective mold space. A method according to any one of claims 14-24, wherein the filling position is offset or remote with respect to the pressing position and the first mold space and the second mold space are, after the addition of starting material at the filling position, each time transported or brought to the pressing position. 20 27. Method as claimed in any of the claims 14-26, wherein the molds or mold spaces are arranged in a magazine and, preferably by means of the transport device or the adjusting drive, can be moved from the magazine to the pressing position and / or filling position and back again. . 28. Method as claimed in any of the claims 14-27, wherein the mold (s) or mold spaces are arranged in a linear arrangement and are displaceable or moved linearly in an exchange position next to the pressing position and / or filling position and then subsequently from this exchange position in the press position and / or filling position or vice versa can be moved or moved. 29. Method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the displacement of the mold matrixes (s) or mold spaces takes place from the change position to the press position and / or filling position in perpendicular direction relative to the linear displacement in the linear arrangement. Device for manufacturing brick bricks (50) - 20 - for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, with a) at least one mold (2) with at least a mold space 5 (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25), b) a feed device (7) with at least one predetermined filling position (M) for filling in each case at least one mold space of the mold mold with starting material, c) for each mold space of the mold, an associated pair of pressing stamps (30, 31, 32, 33, 40, 41, 42, 43) movable against each other in a pressing direction (P), the at least one of which is stamped in cross section is adapted perpendicular to the pressing direction to the cross-section of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction and for pressing a brick bricks (50) from the starting space filled in the molding space (22) located at the at least one filling position (10) is movable in the pressing direction towards the mold space, d) wherein the cross-section of at least one mold space (20, 21, 22, 23) perpendicular to the pressing direction comprises a non-rectangular basic shape. The device of claim 30, wherein the cross section of at least one shape space is triangular. Device according to claim 31, wherein at least two sides of the triangle of the cross-section of the mold space are of equal length. Device as claimed in claim 31 or claim 32, wherein an inner corner of the triangle of the cross-section of the mold space is 90 ° and / or wherein an inner corner of the triangle of the cross-section of the mold space is 45 ° or 38 ° or 17 ° . Device as claimed in any of the claims 30-33, wherein the cross-section of at least one molding space or the pressed brick molding is a polygon with at least four, preferably at least five angles. Device as claimed in claim 34, wherein the sides of the polygon enclose an angle of 90 ° at at least one, preferably at least two corners of the polygon and / or within at least one or at least two corners of the polygon. polygon include an angle different from 90 °, in particular 45 ° or 135 °. 5 The device of claim 34 or claim 35, wherein the polygon is composed of a rectangle and a triangle. 37. Device as claimed in any of the claims 34-36, wherein the polygon comprises four corners and wherein the sides of the polygon enclose an angle of 90 ° at two corners and enclose an angle deviating from 90 ° at two further corners. Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein at least one side of the cross-section, in particular of the triangle or polygon of the molding space or brick molding is 500 mm long. 39. Device as claimed in any of the claims 30-38, wherein the cross-section of at least one molding space or of the pressed brick formation comprises a convex curvature, in particular circular curvature, at least in a part region of the edge region. 40. Device as claimed in claim 39, wherein the cross-section of at least one mold space or of the pressed brick structure comprises at least two, preferably rectangular angles and in at least one sub-region of its edge region lying between two of the angles comprises the convex curvature. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Device as claimed in any of the claims 30-40 with 2 a) at least two mold spaces (20, 21, 22, 23) which in the 3 cross-section perpendicular to a pressing direction on at least a 4 dimension (d1, d2, d3 , d4) deviate, 5 b) a filling device (7) with at least a filling position (M) determined in advance for filling at least 7 in each case a mold space with starting material, 8 c) for each mold space an associated pair of a pressing stamp (30, 31, 32, 33, 40, 41, 42, 43) which is movable against each other, at least one of which is stamped in the cross-section perpendicular to the pressing direction at the cross-section of the mold space is adapted perpendicular to the pressing direction and is capable of pressing a bricks (50) from the starting material (10) fed into the molding space (22) in the pressing direction into the molding space, and with d) at least one transport device for transporting , in particular ten mins to an adjusting drive (16) of the mold spaces, preferably in at least one transport or adjustment direction perpendicular to the pressing direction, such that each mold space to the at least one predetermined filling position of the filling device and / or an at least one one press position is movable. An apparatus according to claim 41 with a) a mold (2) with at least two mold spaces (20, 21, 22, 23), wherein the at least two mold spaces in cross-section perpendicular to a pressing direction in at least one dimension (d1, d2, d3, d4) differ, b) at least one adjusting drive (16) for adjusting the mold, preferably in at least one adjusting direction perpendicular to the pressing direction, such that each mold space of the mold in at least one of predetermined filling position of the filling device and / or is movable to the at least one pressing position. 25 Device as claimed in claim 41 or claim 42 with two stamping units (3, 4) movable against each other in the pressing direction, each having at least one, preferably several, stamping stamp (s) (30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43), each comprising a pair of pressing stamps associated with a molding space 30 for pressing a brick brigade with a pressing stamp of a first stamping unit and an associated pressing stamp of the second stamping unit. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Device as claimed in claim 43, wherein the stamp units 2 when adjusting the mold spaces or the mold mold (s) are also 3 adjustable in the same adjusting direction and / or about the same adjusting path, in order to move to one or the a pair of pressing dies associated with the at least one filling position and also with the filling position or 6 pressing position. - 23 - An apparatus according to claim 43 or claim 44, wherein each stamping unit on an associated stamper (13, 14) for driving the stamping unit axially to the pressing direction in an associated guide (53, 54), preferably in the at least one adjustment direction, slidably mounted. Device as claimed in claim 45, wherein each stamping unit can be fixed or fixed to the guides in all or in different positions, preferably in the or each adjusting direction, by means of at least one releasable fixing element. 47. Device as claimed in any of the claims 43-46, wherein at least one or both stamping unit (s) for connecting to the molds, preferably at least with respect to the at least one adjusting direction, can be form-connected, in particular by the pressing stamp engaging the associated mold space or by at least one form-locked guide element 20 (38, 48) engaging in at least one guide space (28) in the mold mold, so that the stamp unit (s) together with the mold, are preferably adjustable in the at least one adjusting direction. 48. Device as claimed in any of the claims 43-47, wherein at least one or both stamping unit (s) is coupled to at least one associated with at least one connecting element associated with an adjusting drive. Device as claimed in any of the claims 41-48, wherein at least one adjusting drive is coupled or connectable by at least one connecting element (6) to the mold or any mold space. An apparatus according to any of claims 30-49, wherein at least one adjusting drive or at least one transport device 35 comprises a hydraulic drive. Device as claimed in any of the claims 30-50, wherein at least 2 an adjusting drive or at least one transport device 3 comprises a telescopic adjustable and retractable adjusting cylinder. - 24 - ί 52. Device as claimed in any of the claims 30-51 with in the | at least one adjusting direction extending guides (11), in which the or each forming mold is slidably mounted and can be fixed at all or at different positions by means of the adjusting drive and / or by means of fixing elements. Apparatus as claimed in any of the claims 43-52, wherein the or each mold has at least one guide space (28) and each stamping unit each comprising a guide element (38, 48) for each guide space of the mold mold, the cross section of the guide spaces and associated guide elements are adapted to each other perpendicular to the pressing direction. 54. Device as claimed in any of the claims 30-54 with a) at least two molds (2) with at least one mold space (20, 21, 22, 23), wherein the mold spaces of different mold molds are perpendicular to a pressing direction in cross-section differences, b) at least one conveying device (16) for conveying the mold and the pressing stamp such that each mold space is movable from each mold to the filling position of the filling device and to a pressing position and that each pair of press stamps is movable to the pressing position is. 55. Device as claimed in claim 54, wherein the molds are arranged one behind the other in a linear arrangement and can be moved in the linear direction by means of the transport device, so that each mold is brought into an exchange position and wherein each mold is made by means of the or a transport device can be brought from the change position to the filling position or press position and vice versa, preferably in a direction perpendicular to the linear direction of the molds in the linear arrangement. Device as claimed in claim 54 or claim 55, wherein the molds which are not located in the filling position or pressing position are arranged in a magazine. Device according to any of claims 30-56, wherein at the at least one filling position on one side of the mold the filling device (7) for filling the mold space of the mold at the filling position and on the other side of the mold mold mold a mold receiving device (8) for receiving the final pressed brick molds are arranged or arranged. 1032486