NL1018285C2 - Ventilation system. - Google Patents

Abstract

A ventilating device (30) comprising means (35) for generating an air flow in a direction towards an outlet opening (29), as well as flow deflection means (73). The flow deflection means are disposed upstream of the outlet opening (29) and are substantially arranged in the plane of the outlet opening (29), and in that they are configured in such manner as to prevent the occurrence of a flow in a direction substantially parallel to the outlet opening (29). A ventilating system is furthermore provided, which ventilating system comprises one or more ventilating devices (30) arranged to cause air to flow in a space in substantially virtual ducts (12-15) extending substantially parallel to each other in one direction in said space.

Description

Short indication: Ventilation system.

The invention relates to a fan device, comprising a housing with means included therein for generating an air flow and flow discharge means in a direction to an outflow opening.

A fan device of this kind is known per se from European patent application No. EF 1 041 351, entitled "Indoor unit for air conditioner", in the name of Daikin Industries Ltd.

Such fan devices are used inter alia in spaces, such as, for example, parking garages. Some examples of such parking garages implemented in this way are the "Kelfkenbos" parking garages in Nijmegen and the parking garage under the Museumplein in Amsterdam. Such fan devices are thereby arranged and arranged in the space for flowing air into substantially virtual and substantially parallel channels extending in the longitudinal direction of the space.

In spaces such as parking garages, with the aid of these fan devices, clean air can be blown through the virtual channels in a fast and effective manner if a fire is present in or right next to the virtual channel in question. Such fires are usually accompanied by considerable smoke development. In a room not provided with such a fan device, the smoke development prevents being able to approach the seat of the fire, being able to locate the seat of the fire, and preventing the seat of the fire from becoming inaccessible due to strong smoke development. If, due to strong smoke development, the seat of the fire is not visible, the fire brigade will find out where it should go. If the seat of the fire is not approachable or, worse, cannot be located, it takes longer before the fire can be effectively combated and the damage caused by both smoke and flames will be considerably greater. For example, in a parking garage both on the building and on parked 1018285 2 cars.

Well-known is the so-called impulse ventilation system that PSB B.V. in Capelle a / d IJssel, the Netherlands. The impulse ventilation system comprises a number of fans which generate an air flow in the longitudinal direction of the space. Such fans are elongated and cylindrical in shape and have a diameter of a few tens of centimeters and a length of 1 to 2 meters. Such a fan is required on every 300-400 m2 garage surface. The installed capacity is also 3.75 W / m2, which requires 0.25 m of cable per 10 m2 of parking garage.

This existing installation has disadvantages. A major drawback is the cylindrical dimensions of the fans. The cylindrical fans are suspended from the ceiling in a parking garage. Because of the cylindrical cross-section, which is of the order of 50 cm, the usable height in the parking garage with that size is lowered with respect to the ceiling. In a parking garage in which the ceiling is located at 2.60 m above the floor, the effective height, which is the maximum height of vehicles that can use the garage, is limited to, for example, 2.10 m.

Other disadvantages are that relatively many fans are required and that a relatively high installed capacity per square meter is required.

The above-mentioned European patent application No. EP 1 041 351 discloses a radial fan, which has a number of outflow openings, wherein the outflow openings are provided with deflecting means for deflecting the outflowing air in a transverse direction on the outflow opening.

Disadvantages of the device mentioned in the above-mentioned document are the relatively large outflow openings and the (partly due to that) relatively large number of deflection means placed in the outflow opening. The deflecting means can adversely affect the flow since, under certain circumstances, undesired swirls can occur. Furthermore, the deflecting means shown are shaped such that they deflect the air blown out by the radial fan in a certain preferred direction. As a result, the shape of each deflection blade is highly dependent on its positioning with respect to the fan.

The manufacture of the deflecting means and the placement thereof in the device is a difficult process during the manufacture of the ventilator.

The object of the invention is to provide a space in a building as described above in which in the event of a fire a fan device can cause air to flow as described above wherein less power, less cabling and fewer fans are required while in the event of a fire the same Effectiveness in removing smoke from the room can be maintained.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the flow deflecting means are received and formed in such a way upstream of the outflow opening to allow flow to flow out of the outflow opening as much as possible in a desired direction.

In this way it is prevented that flow lines are present in the flow which approach the outflow opening parallel to the surface of the outflow opening, or at a very small angle therewith. Such flow lines can cause harmful effects, such as causing swirls at the edges of the outflow opening, which adversely affect the effectiveness of the air flow delivered via the outflow opening. As a result of the higher efficiency of the fan device according to the invention in comparison with the fans known so far, it is possible to work essentially with less power per fan device and / or with fewer fan devices in a space sufficient to achieve a desired ventilation. compared to the known ventilation systems. It will be clear that this offers installation advantages, including less cabling.

It is noted that a pulse fan 1018285 4 is also disclosed in JP 01 130099, in which at least two fans have a common outflow opening. The outflow opening of the ventilation system disclosed here is designed in such a way that confluence of both air flows is associated as little as possible with efficiency-reducing side effects. The outflow opening further ensures that the air flow is directed slightly downwards, so that the flow touches as few objects as possible after the outflow. The outlet opening designed in this way improves the efficiency of both fans.

A drawback of this ventilation system, with such an outflow opening, is that due to the presence of objects such as aiming vanes, the air flow diverges in the outflow opening itself in a direction perpendicular to the direction of flow.

A preferred embodiment of a space according to the invention is characterized in that one or more of the fans are provided with a vane wheel which is placed substantially horizontally in operation and which is rotatable about an axis of rotation which is substantially vertical during operation.

As a result, it is achieved that the vertical dimensions of the fan are very limited, practically no larger than the thickness dimensions of the blade wheel. Such a fan which can generate sufficient air flow will have a thickness between 20 and 35 cm. With such a type of fan, provided with an elongated slit as an outlet opening which extends substantially parallel to the floor, it is possible to achieve the same effect with fewer fans as with the known fans with round outlet openings, in particular keeping a clearance free large part of the room of smoke if a fire is present. In addition, with such a fan only an electrical power of 30 1.875 W / m2 is needed and only 0.06 m per m 2 of space is required for cabling. Also only one fan is needed per 1600 m2 of space.

Further embodiments of the invention are discussed in the dependent claims, appended to the application.

The invention will now be further elucidated with reference to the accompanying figures and drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a top view of a parking garage; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through a space according to the invention along the line II-II in Figure 3;

Figure 3 shows a cross-section through a space according to the invention along the line III-III in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a longitudinal section through a first shape of a fan applicable in a space according to the invention;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a fan usable in a space according to the invention;

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of a third embodiment of a fan usable in a space according to the invention;

Figure 7 is a bottom view of two adjacent fans of Figure 4;

Figure 8 is a bottom view of two fans placed side by side according to Figure 6.

Figure 1 shows a top view of a parking deck in a multi-layer parking garage. The parking deck is indicated by reference numeral 1. The parking deck 1 has a longitudinal direction indicated by the double arrow L and a transverse direction indicated by the double arrow D. Furthermore, the parking deck 1 can be reached with a semi-circular driveway 2 and semi-circular exit 3 and can with parking deck 1 are left along a semi-circular exit 4 and semi-circular driveway 5. Reference numeral 6 indicates a per se known normally present extraction installation which ensures that in a normal situation the parking deck 1 is adequately ventilated and of exhaust gases from cars located on the parking deck 1 is cleaned with the engines running. Parked cars are indicated by rectangles such as, for example, rectangle 7 by way of example 1018285 6. For the sake of clarity, only a limited number of rectangles is shown, it will be clear that there is a large number of parking spaces for cars between rectangle 7 and rectangle 8.

The dashed lines 9, 10 and 11 indicate virtual separations between virtual channels 12, 13, 14 and 15. The separations and channels are referred to herein as virtual because no actual physical separating walls are provided. The elongated cylindrical fans such as, for example, conventional in the prior art are installed by the company PBS B.V. at Capelle a / d IJssel, the Netherlands, at locations not shown in Figure 1, are arranged such that when operating in each of the virtual channels, an air flow can be generated separately in the direction of the arrow A. It is known that for example, if in virtual channel 14 an air flow in the direction of the arrow A is generated by the known cylindrical fans, the majority of the air in virtual channel 14 starts to move in the direction of the arrow A due to physical effects known per se, such as the venturi effect, as a result of which a rather narrow air flow carries a wider air flow around it. By activating only fans in virtual channel 14, it is ensured that an air flow is present almost exclusively in virtual channel 14, while such an air flow is then not present in the adjacent virtual channels 13 and 15. In practice, therefore, it appears that At the location of the dashed dot lines 9, 10 and 11, walls are present which limit an air flow generated in one of the virtual channels mainly to that virtual channel.

To illustrate the operation of the known fan devices, a burning car 16 is shown in Figure 1. A burning car in a parking garage causes a considerable smoke development which already after a short time conceals the seat of the fire itself, the burning car, completely fills the parking deck 1 with very dark smoke in which the visibility is limited to a maximum of 1018285 7 several tens of centimeters and in which respiration equipment is necessary to prevent poisoning. Dashed line 17 indicates a dividing line between a space 18 in which the seat of the fire is not located and a space 19 in which the seat of the fire 16 is located. Space 18 should be free of smoke as much as possible, while space 19 need not be free of smoke. In such a case, the seat of the fire 16 is approachable from a small distance and can already be seen from a large distance. As a result, the fire brigade can approach the seat of the fire 16 from the room 18 without significant danger and can then extinguish it from 10. The consequence of this is that the life of the seat of the fire can be considerably shortened by timely extinguishing, as a result of which the total amount of smoke can also be limited. The damage to the building also remains limited compared to the situation that the fire would last longer. The chance is also considerably reduced that other cars standing next to the burning car are damaged in the parking garage. The strong supply of air in the direction of the arrow A also ensures that the temperature rise due to the seat of the fire 16 is in any case considerably smaller in the space 18 than if the air supply in the direction of the arrow A were not present . Any reinforcement of the fire on the seat 16 by the supply of fresh oxygen is considerably more than compensated for by the speed with which the fire brigade can see, approach and extinguish the seat of the fire. The rapid approach by the fire brigade is both a result of the good visibility from the room 18 and the relatively low temperature in the area 18.

For other locations on the parking deck 1 where a fire breaks out, 17 will have a different course and other of the fans present will be activated. Parking garages with fire alarms and control devices for different fans of the fan devices are known per se, both from the parking garages mentioned by way of example in the description introduction and in dozens of other parking garages in the world where PSB B.V. both and the same system with elongated cylindrical 1018285 8 fans with round outlets is installed.

Figure 1 shows by way of example how a space in a building, such as by way of example the parking deck shown in Figure 1, can be provided with a fan device 5 which takes up less space on the space present, in particular in vertical direction and which fan device is provided with fans which can generate a flow of air in the direction of the arrow A in a more effective manner in the virtual channels 12, 13, 14 and 15. In figure 1, line 20 is indicated by a line near a ceiling of parking deck 1 along which blow-out openings of fans 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 extend. The fans 21-26 have an outlet opening which is formed as an elongated gap which is approximately at the height of the line 20 and extends substantially parallel to the floor.

In the embodiment according to Figure 1, the line 20 forms an angle B with the longitudinal direction L. Preferably, but not necessarily, the angle β is 90 °.

Figures 2 and 3 show by way of example how fan 21 is suspended in the space formed by parking deck 1. Parking deck 1 comprises a floor 27 and a ceiling 28. To the ceiling 28 fan 21 is attached. Fan 21 is provided with an outlet opening 29 which blows out air drawn in by fan 21 as indicated by arrow B in the direction of arrow C. As is known per se from the known installations with elongated cylindrical fans with round outlet opening, the air becomes in the direction of the arrow C blown out at an angle α with the horizontal plane. The angle α is between 2 ° and 10 ° for proper operation. As is clear to a person skilled in the art from a joint view of Figures 2 and 3, the spit-shaped opening 29 extends substantially parallel to the floor 27 and in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of parking deck 1.

The spit-shaped aperture 29 provides a directed air flow running in one direction, indicated by arrow C, which has only a slight fan-like extension in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of figure 2. In fact, the air flow indicated by arrow C a relatively thin but fast-flowing surface in the space between floor 27 and ceiling 28. Due to the rapid flow, air located above and below the plane of the rapid flow is taken along as well as to a certain distance to the left and right of the air flow indicated by arrow C. In figure 3 the air flow according to arrow C is directed from the plane of the drawing in the direction of the observer, all this as indicated by the arrows in front view C1, C2 and C3.

Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a fan, such as fan 21, with reference numeral 30. Fan 30 comprises a housing 31 with a bottom opening! ng 32, fixing points 33 and 34 for fixing housing 31 to ceiling 28. Inside the housing 31 is a paddle wheel 35. The blade wheel 35 is rotatable about a rotation axis 35a. Via a device 36, after being shown and described in the context of Figure 7, the blade wheel 35 can be rotated. The paddle wheel 35 is designed in a manner known per se such that air is sucked in through the opening 32 in the direction of the arrow B and is supplied to the space 37 within the housing 31. The housing 31 is provided with a flow portion which is generally indicated by reference numeral 38 and flows into the blow-out opening 29. The flow portion 38 comprises flow-deflecting means 73 fixedly accommodated in the housing 31. As already described in the context of Figs. 2 and 3, the blow-out opening 29 is elongated and extends in the longitudinal direction from perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in figure 4. Arrow C4 indicates the direction of the air which, as a result of the overpressure in space 37 via the flow deflecting means 73, from a discharge opening as much as possible at a desired angle α (see figure 2) 29 flows.

With reference to figure 7, a bottom view is shown of two fans 39 and 40 placed next to each other, each of which is comparable to fan 30 of figure 4. The fans 39 and 40 are each provided with a suction opening 41 and 40 respectively. 42 which are covered with a stainless steel protective net indicated by reference numeral 43 resp. 44. Also shown in figure 7 are mounting hooks 45, 46, 47 and 48 for mounting the fans 39 and 40 to the ceiling 28. Each of the fans 39 and 40 is provided with a spit-shaped opening 49, respectively. 50. At the top of the fans 39 and 40, and therefore shown in broken line, a motor 51 is provided which drives a drive belt 52. Drive belt 52 is wrapped around a wheel 53 of motor 51 as well as around wheels 54 and 55 of fans 39, respectively. 40. Furthermore, guide wheels 56 and 57 are indicated. With reference again to Figure 4, it will be apparent that reference numeral 36 shows the belt 52 wrapped around wheel 54. Wheels 54 and 55 are connected to blade wheels located below, such as blade wheel 35 in Figure 4.

Further referring to Figure 4, the height h is approximately 33 cm, and the depth, i.e. the distance between points E and F, is 185 cm. The transverse dimension of fan 30, and of fan 39 and of fan 40 is 115 cm. It is to be noted that the dimensions given are exemplary dimensions and are not restrictive of the invention.

In order to obtain the numbers mentioned in the introduction to the description of one fan 30 per 1600 m2 area of the room in which the fan is located, fan 30, and also fans 39 and 40, must move an amount of air of at least 6 m3 / sec, at preferably 6.25 m3 / sec. at an exit speed from the gap 29 of at least 25 m / sec, preferably 27 m / sec. The drive motor will therefore have a capacity of 3 kilowatts per fan.

Between the space 37 and the outflow opening 29 vertically arranged and longitudinally extending guide vanes 30 are arranged, one of which is indicated by reference numerals 58.

It should be noted that the fans 30, 39 and 40 are not in use during normal use of the room, such as parking deck 1. For controlling the fans 30, 39 and 40, a control device 59 is present which is connected to one or more fire detectors 60. If a fire detector 60 detects fire, or other data indicating fire, a signal is issued by the fire detector 60 to control device 59 which in response thereto outputs a control signal to the drive of the fans 30, 39 and 40 to operate it. set. All this is done in a manner known per se, namely known from the control devices in use for the elongated cylindrical fans with round blow-out opening as they are used in the existing garages mentioned in the introduction to the description and therefore requires no further discussion.

Figure 5 shows an alternative drive for the fan 30. In the case of Figure 5, fan 30 is provided with a blade wheel 35 with an opening around the shaft 61 in which a motor 62 is present. The motor 62 is attached to the housing 31 by means of a plate 63 and, upon actuation, will cause the blade wheel 35 to rotate at a high speed.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in figure 1, the longitudinal direction L of the parking deck 1 is sufficiently small to be able to suffice near one end with one or more fans with a spit-shaped outlet opening near the line 20. In spaces which have larger dimensions in the longitudinal direction L It is recommended to position a row of fans with a spit-shaped outlet opening somewhere halfway or at one third and two thirds of the length of the space. In that case, a fire, viewed in the longitudinal direction, can be on either side of the relevant fan. Figure 6 shows a fan which can advantageously be hung at such a position. Such a fan is shown in longitudinal section in Figure 6. Fan 64 comprises a housing 65 which comprises a central blade wheel 66 and is provided with a first key-shaped opening 67 and a second parallel-shaped key-shaped opening 68 and flow deflecting means 74. In the housing 1018285 12 65, operable valves 69 and 70 are provided. Valves 69 and 70 can move between the solid line position shown in Figure 6 and the solid line position. The valves 69 and 70 are operated using motors known per se and not shown. The 5 motors are controlled from control device 59. In the situation shown in Figure 6, when the fan 64 is operating, air will flow out of opening 67 while opening 68 is closed by valve 70. However, if an air flow is on the other side of fan 64 necessary, which necessity is indicated by control device 59 in response to signals from fire detector 60, valve 70 will be moved to the position given in dashed line and valve 69 will also be moved to the position shown on dashed line. As a result, air can no longer flow to outlet opening 67 and air can flow to outlet opening 68.

Figure 8 shows a bottom view of a double embodiment of a fan as shown with reference numeral 64 in figure 6. For the sake of simplicity and comprehensibility, the same reference numerals are used in figure 8 as in figure 6, however, provided with additional indications "- 1 "and" -2 ". For the parts that are not provided with reference numerals in Fig. 8, reference is made to the corresponding, though provided with reference numerals, parts of Fig. 7.

In the foregoing, a detailed description has been given of the use of a ventilator in a parking garage. 25 Although this seems to be the most suitable application to date, it must nevertheless be borne in mind that other spaces in buildings in which fire, accompanied by smoke development, can occur can be protected in this way. Think of department stores in which many people have to leave the department store in the event of a fire. It is then important that the smoke development is limited both in quantity, in time and in spatial expansion and that as much escape space as possible remains available. The application of the present invention is in that respect of 1018281 13 very important because both the space over which the smoke can spread is limited and, due to the supply of cool air, the area in which people can find themselves to flee and not by excessive heat becomes unreachable, is considerably increased.

In fact, any larger room in which fire can occur and where many people or goods can be located, benefits from the use of the present invention. You can also think of arrival and departure halls at airports and auction buildings.

After the foregoing, many embodiments and modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art. All such embodiments and modifications are understood to belong to the invention.

1018285

Claims (16)

A fan device, comprising a housing with means included therein for generating an air flow and flow deflecting means in a direction to an outflow opening, characterized in that the flow deflecting means are received upstream of the outflow opening and shaped so as to flow as much as possible into a desired to exit from the outflow opening. 2. Fan device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the flow deflecting means are shaped such that the flow at the location of the flow deflecting means is deflected in a direction of the outflow opening. 3. Fan device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the flow deflecting means are received substantially in the housing in the plane in which the outflow opening is located. 4. Fan device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the flow deflecting means are adapted for deflecting the air flow such that it leaves the outflow opening at an angle with the plane in which the outflow opening is located, which angle is between 2 ° and is 10 °. 5. Fan device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the means for generating the air flow comprise a blade wheel. 6. Fan device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the device comprises a second outflow opening. 7. Fan device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that downstream to the means for generating the air flow, operable valves are added for closing an air connection between the means for generating the air flow and at least one of the outflow openings . A fan device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that a control device is present for operating the valves. 1018285 9. Fan device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that fire detection means are added to the fan device. 10. Fan device as claimed in claim 9, insofar as dependent on 8, characterized in that the fire detection means are connected to the control device for operating the valves. 11. Fan device as claimed in any of the claims 9 and 10, insofar as dependent on 8, characterized in that the control device is arranged such that on detection of fire, with respect to the means for generating the air flow, valves are located on one side of the to close the detected fire and to open flaps on a side that is remote from the fire. 12. Fan device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the air flow leaving the fan device through the outflow opening during use has a speed of at least 25 m / sec at a volume flow rate of at least 6 m 3 / sec. 13. Ventilation system comprising one or more fan devices as described in at least one of the preceding claims, for causing air to flow into a space in, substantially virtual and substantially parallel, channels running in one direction in the space. 14. Ventilation system as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that at least one control device for controlling the valves of the fan devices is connected to the fan devices. Ventilation system according to one of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that at least one fire detection device is connected to the fan devices. Room, such as a parking garage, provided with a ventilation system according to one or more of claims 13-15. 30 1018285