JP4047181B2 - Smoke push-back device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fire prevention system for a building, which temporarily blocks smoke generated at the time of a fire, gives time to a person who evacuates from the vicinity of the fire, and consequently delays the time until the fire door is closed. Relates to the device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is well known that a large amount of smoke is generated along with flames in a fire. This smoke reaches the unfired part from the source of fire through the ceiling at a rapid rate. Because this smoke is hot, the smoke reaches the unfired part and causes the fire to spread. Also, smoke in a fire is toxic, so the diffusion of smoke can result in the loss of more lives. For this reason, buildings are equipped with fire doors that block smoke and flames, and smoke barriers that block the smoke flow path over the ceiling. The Building Standard Law and the Fire Service Law also require the installation of these fire doors and smoke barriers for buildings over a certain scale. And in buildings with fire doors, the fire doors are closed in the event of a fire to block smoke and prevent the fire from spreading and toxic gas outflows.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when closing the fire door, it is necessary to confirm whether or not there is a person on the fire side. If the fire door is closed with a survivor remaining, the life of the survivor is at risk. In addition, fire doors are usually made of steel plates with excellent heat resistance, and if the steel fire doors are closed, the infrared fluoroscopy device that sees through the fire side is not useful, and the situation on the fire side cannot be grasped. Therefore, it will interfere with fire fighting activities.
[0004]
From these viewpoints, we want to close the fire door as late as possible. Particularly in medical facilities and facilities for the elderly, it takes time to evacuate in the event of a fire, so it is necessary to take sufficient time to close the fire door. However, simply delaying the timing of closing the fire doors will naturally fail to fulfill the original purpose of the fire doors described above, and it will not be possible to prevent the spread of fire and the outflow of toxic gases.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to provide a smoke push-back device capable of delaying the diffusion of smoke generated during a fire as much as possible and delaying the closing time of the fire door. To do.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to invention of Claim 1, it is an apparatus which pushes back the smoke which flows through the inside of a building, Comprising: It is several apparatus which blows gas diagonally downward toward the opposite direction to the exit side of a building with respect to the floor from the ceiling in a building with a ceiling blowoff nozzle, and a floor blow nozzle blowing air toward the outlet of said plurality of ceiling blowoff nozzle floor positioned in the outlet nearer the plurality of ceiling blowoff nozzles, the plurality of ceiling blowoff nozzle Are provided with different heights of the outlets, and the outlets of the ceiling outlet nozzles are directed in different depression directions with respect to the ceiling surface. Provided.
[0007]
According to the present invention, it is possible to form a downward jet that flows in the depression direction from the ceiling of the building toward the upstream side of the smoke flowing from the fire source toward the outlet . Therefore, the smoke flowing from the upstream side of the fire side collides with the descending jet, and is taken in and descends. The descending smoke collides with the floor and is then washed away upstream. Further, the floor blowing nozzle forms an upward jet that flows from the floor on the downstream side of the smoke toward the outlet of the ceiling blowing nozzle. The gas forming this rising jet is taken in and descends by the downward jet near the ceiling blowing nozzle. Then, after reaching the floor, a part of the gas flows downstream of the smoke and is taken into the rising jet again. In this way, a circulating airflow is formed in a space closer to the outlet side than the descending jet flow of the ceiling outlet nozzle, and this circulating airflow functions as an air curtain. As a result, the smoke flowing from the fire source toward the outlet is blocked by, for example, a circulating air flow and pushed back by the descending jet. Therefore, the flow of smoke is temporarily interrupted, and the closing timing of the fire door can be delayed during that time. As a means for temporarily blocking the flow of smoke, it is conceivable that water is sprayed from the ceiling and a water curtain is placed to block the smoke. However, the present invention is not limited to water that is not involved in fire extinguishing. It is excellent in that there is no mass consumption of water, there is no damage to household goods, goods, documents, etc. due to water sprinkling, and the smoke blocking effect is large. In addition, even if there is no floor blowing nozzle, it is conceivable that the above-mentioned circulating airflow is formed by the negative pressure from the ceiling blowing nozzle, but by installing the floor blowing nozzle, the circulating airflow is positively and reliably formed. . For example, by providing the floor blowing nozzle as close as possible to the ceiling blowing nozzle side, the diameter of the circulating airflow can be reduced and the space on the evacuation side can be widened.
[0008]
The ceiling blowing nozzle may be directed in the depression direction of 20 °, 45 °, and 75 ° in order from the side closer to the ceiling. By arranging the ceiling blowing nozzles in this way, for example, the upper and middle ceiling blowing nozzles form a jet for pushing back the above-mentioned smoke, and the lower ceiling blowing nozzles can form a circulating airflow that serves as an air curtain.
[0009]
The smoke push-back device has an upper ceiling blowing nozzle, an intermediate ceiling blowing nozzle, and a lower ceiling blowing nozzle, and the upper ceiling blowing nozzle and the lower ceiling blowing nozzle have an axial flow outlet, The middle ceiling outlet nozzle may include a slit-type outlet. When the ceiling outlet nozzles of all the stages are used as axial outlets, there is a gap in the air flow ejected from the nozzles, so there is a risk that smoke will pass through the gap and flow downstream. By using the middle-stage outlet nozzle as a slit-type outlet as in the present invention, it is possible to prevent such smoke from passing through. On the contrary, when all the ceiling outlet nozzles are slit-type outlets, negative pressure portions are formed between adjacent nozzles in the upper and middle stages and in the middle and lower stages. This negative pressure portion disturbs the airflow. Also, when all the ceiling outlet nozzles are slit type outlets, the airflows blown from the nozzles at each stage are the same, so the airflows from the nozzles at each stage are easy to merge. When the airflow merges, the result is the same as when the air is blown from a single-stage nozzle, and the ability to push back smoke is reduced. As in the present invention, the upper and lower outlet nozzles are axial flow outlets, and the middle ceiling outlet nozzle is a slit outlet, so that the surrounding gas passes through the upper and lower stages, and the surrounding gas is passed through the upper and lower stages. It flows into the middle stage and between the middle stage and the lower stage, and the negative pressure between the nozzles can be reduced. In addition, since the airflows of the adjacent stages are different, the airflows of the respective stages are difficult to merge with each other, and it is possible to suppress a decrease in smoke push-back capability.
[0010]
The ceiling blowing nozzle is provided in a ceiling unit provided on a ceiling, and the ceiling unit has a hollow main body through which gas can flow and a fan for blowing gas to the main body. A ceiling outlet nozzle may be attached. The fan may be attached to the main body. Further, the main body may be formed in a substantially fan shape when viewed from the side, and the ceiling blowing nozzle may be attached to a portion corresponding to the arc of the fan shape.
[0011]
The ceiling unit may be freely inserted into and removed from the ceiling. In such a case, the ceiling unit can be stored in the ceiling during normal times other than during a fire.
[0012]
The floor blowing nozzle may be provided in an underfloor unit provided under the floor, the underfloor unit may be provided with a fan, and a gas suction port of the fan may be provided in the floor.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a side view of the inside of a building provided with a smoke push-back device 1 according to the present embodiment.
[0016]
The smoke push-back device 1 includes, for example, a ceiling unit 2 for blowing gas from the ceiling R and an underfloor unit 3 for blowing gas from the floor F. The ceiling unit 2 is attached to the ceiling R of the hallway 4 in the building, for example. For example, a fire door 6 is provided on the exit side of the hallway 4. The ceiling unit 2 is provided at a position farther to the exit than the fire door 6, that is, on the upstream side of the smoke flowing from the fire source side in the event of a fire. The ceiling unit 2 includes, for example, a fan 10, a hollow main body 11 through which gas from the fan 10 passes, and a plurality of outlet nozzles 12 to 14 through which the gas in the main body 11 is blown out.
[0017]
For example, the main body 11 is formed in a sector shape having an inner angle of about 90 ° when viewed from the side. The main body 11 is attached so as to be convex on the fire source side where smoke flows out in the event of a fire, that is, on the opposite side of the exit of the corridor 4. That is, the circular arc surface 11a of the main body 11 is directed to the fire source side. The fan 10 is attached to the upper side surface 11b corresponding to the radial portion of the fan of the main body 11, for example.
[0018]
The blowing nozzles 12 to 14 are attached to the circular arc surface 11 a of the main body 11. The blowout nozzles 12 to 14 are arranged in a vertical direction and attached to a plurality of stages, for example, three stages. The upper blowing nozzle 12 is mounted in a depression direction that forms an angle of 20 ° with respect to the ceiling surface. The middle blowing nozzle 13 is mounted in a depression direction that forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the ceiling surface. The lower blowing nozzle 14 is attached in a depression direction that forms an angle of 75 ° with respect to the ceiling surface. Accordingly, gas is blown out from the respective blowing nozzles 12 to 14 in different directions. For example, gas is blown from the blow nozzle 12 in a direction that is relatively close to the horizontal, and gas is blown from the blow nozzle 14 in a direction that is relatively close to the vertical direction. From the blowing nozzle 13, gas is blown out in the middle direction. A downward jet flow descending from the ceiling R toward the fire source side can be formed by blowing out the gas from the blow nozzles 12 to 14.
[0019]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper blow nozzle 12 and the lower blow nozzle 14 have a plurality of axial blow outlets arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, and the middle blow nozzle 13 has an opening in the horizontal direction. It has a long slit type single outlet. In this way, smoke can be effectively prevented from slipping from upstream to downstream, and the smoke blocking effect can be improved.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 3, the ceiling unit 2 is rotatable about the main part of the fan of the main body 11, and the ceiling unit 2 can be stored in the ceiling R by rotating the ceiling unit 2. That is, the ceiling unit 2 can be taken in and out of the ceiling R. A door 15 is attached to the side surface 11c opposite to the side surface 11b of the main body 11. The ceiling R is provided with an opening R1 for taking in and out the ceiling unit 2. When the ceiling unit 2 is rotated and stored in the ceiling R, the opening R1 is closed by the door 15.
[0021]
On the other hand, the underfloor unit 3 is installed under the floor closer to the exit side than the ceiling unit 2. The underfloor unit 3 includes, for example, a fan 30, a main body 31 through which gas from the fan 30 passes, and a blowout nozzle 32 through which the gas in the main body 31 is blown out.
[0022]
The fan 30 communicates with, for example, a suction port 33 opened in the hallway 4 and can take in the atmosphere in the hallway 4 and blow the air to the main body 31. The blowout nozzle 32 is attached to the main body 31 in an elevation angle direction, which is a direction in which the ceiling unit 2 is present, for example, an angle formed with the floor F is about 30 to 40 °. By blowing out the gas from the blowout nozzle 32, a jet that flows from the floor F on the outlet side to the ceiling unit 2 slightly from the ceiling unit 2 can be formed. A smoke barrier 40 is installed on the fire source side (opposite the outlet) of the ceiling R from the ceiling unit 2.
[0023]
Next, the operation of the smoke pushing-back device 1 configured as described above will be described. Normally, the ceiling unit 2 is housed in the ceiling R as shown in FIG. When a fire occurs, the ceiling unit 2 is rotated as shown in FIG. 1 and taken out to the corridor 4 side. The fan 10 of the ceiling unit 2 and the fan 30 of the underfloor unit 3 are operated, and gas of about 40 m / s, for example, is blown out from each of the blowing nozzles 12 to 14 of the ceiling unit 2. As a result, a descending jet that flows obliquely from the ceiling R to the fire side is formed. A large amount of smoke flowing from the fire side through the ceiling R collides with the descending jet. The smoke that collides with the descending jet is taken into the descending jet and descends. The smoke that eventually reaches the floor F is pushed back to the upstream side, that is, the fire source side, along the floor F according to the flow of the descending jet.
[0024]
On the other hand, for example, a gas of about 30 m / s is blown out from the blowing nozzle 32 of the underfloor unit 3. This gas flows in the direction of the ceiling unit 2, and an ascending jet flowing from the floor surface F on the outlet side from the ceiling unit 2 to the ceiling unit 2 is formed.
[0025]
Then, the gas blown out from the blow nozzle 32 and reaches the vicinity of the blow nozzle 14 on the ceiling R is taken into the descending jet flow by the blow nozzle 14 and descends. When the gas reaches the floor F, a part of the gas flows along the floor F to the downstream side of the smoke and is returned to the vicinity of the blowing nozzle 32. The gas returned to the vicinity of the blowing nozzle 32 is taken up by the rising jet and rises again. Thus, by blowing gas from the underfloor unit 3, a substantially triangular circulation airflow is formed when viewed from the side. The circulating airflow acts as a so-called air curtain and can suppress the smoke flowing from the fire side from flowing out to the outlet side.
[0026]
According to the above embodiment, since a large amount of smoke flowing from the fire source side is blocked and pushed back, it is possible to temporarily block high-temperature smoke from flowing to the outlet side. As a result, since the closing time of the fire door 6 can be delayed, it is possible to secure time for evacuating people left behind on the fire side. The effect is particularly large in medical facilities and facilities for the elderly. In addition, since an infrared fluoroscopy device such as an infrared detector can be used until the fire door 6 is closed, it is possible to grasp the situation on the fire source side and perform appropriate fire extinguishing activities during that time.
[0027]
Since the blowout nozzles 12 to 14 of the ceiling unit 2 described in the above embodiment are directed in the respective depression directions of the three stages, the gas blown out from the upper stage pushes back the smoke mainly flowing from the fire source side. The gas blown out from the lower side can form an air curtain together with the gas blown out mainly from the underfloor unit 3.
[0028]
The upper blow nozzle 12 and the lower blow nozzle 14 are provided with an axial flow outlet, and the middle blow nozzle 13 is provided with a slit-type blow outlet, so that the passage of smoke from the upstream side to the downstream side is minimized. To the limit.
[0029]
Since the ceiling unit 2 can be freely inserted into and removed from the ceiling R, the ceiling unit 2 can be normally stored in the ceiling R.
[0030]
The example of the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to this example and can take various forms. For example, the number of stages of the blowout nozzles of the ceiling unit 2 is not limited to three but can be arbitrarily selected. Also, the angle at that time can be selected as appropriate. The number and arrangement of the blowing nozzles at each stage of the ceiling unit 2 can be arbitrarily selected. The installation place of the smoke push-back device 1 is not limited to the corridor 4 and may be another place such as near a door of a room in the building or near a fire door.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to delay the diffusion of high-temperature smoke and delay the closing timing of the fire door. , More appropriate fire fighting activities can be performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of the inside of a building in which a smoke pushing-back device according to an embodiment is installed.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the ceiling unit as seen from the upstream side of the smoke.
3 is a side view of the interior of the building of FIG. 1 showing a state in which the ceiling unit is housed in the ceiling.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Smoke push-back apparatus 2 Ceiling unit 3 Underfloor unit 12-14,32 Blowout nozzle R Ceiling F Floor

Claims (8)

A device that pushes back the smoke flowing through the building,
A plurality of ceiling blowing nozzles for blowing gas obliquely downward from the ceiling in the building to the floor in a direction opposite to the exit side of the building ;
The floor blow nozzle blowing air from the floor located at the outlet nearer the plurality of ceiling blowoff nozzle toward the outlet of said plurality of ceiling blowoff nozzle,
With
The plurality of ceiling outlet nozzles are provided by changing the height of each outlet,
A smoke push-back device, wherein the outlet of each ceiling outlet nozzle is directed in a different depression direction with respect to the ceiling surface . 2. The smoke push-back device according to claim 1, wherein the blowout ports of the plurality of ceiling blowout nozzles are directed in a depression direction of 20 °, 45 °, and 75 ° in order from the side close to the ceiling . The plurality of ceiling outlet nozzles include an upper ceiling outlet nozzle, an intermediate ceiling outlet nozzle, and a lower ceiling outlet nozzle.
The upper ceiling outlet nozzle and the lower ceiling outlet nozzle have an axial outlet,
The middle ceiling blowoff nozzle is characterized in that it comprises a slit type blowing opening, smoke push back device according to claim 1 or 2. The plurality of ceiling outlet nozzles are provided in a ceiling unit provided on the ceiling,
The ceiling unit has a hollow main body through which gas can flow and a fan that blows gas to the main body.
The smoke push-back device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the ceiling blowing nozzle is attached to the main body . The smoke push-back device according to claim 4, wherein the fan is attached to the main body . The main body is formed in a substantially fan shape when viewed from the side,
The smoke push-back device according to claim 4 or 5 , wherein the ceiling blowing nozzle is attached to a portion corresponding to the fan-shaped arc . The smoke pushing-back device according to any one of claims 4, 5, and 6, wherein the ceiling unit is freely inserted into and removed from the ceiling . The floor blowing nozzle is provided in an underfloor unit provided under the floor,
The underfloor unit is provided with a fan,
The smoke pushing-back device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a gas suction port of the fan is provided on a floor .

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