MX373800B - Lámina de acero. - Google Patents
Lámina de acero.Info
- Publication number
- MX373800B MX373800B MX2015002530A MX2015002530A MX373800B MX 373800 B MX373800 B MX 373800B MX 2015002530 A MX2015002530 A MX 2015002530A MX 2015002530 A MX2015002530 A MX 2015002530A MX 373800 B MX373800 B MX 373800B
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- steel plate
- strain
- incurred
- formed section
- forming
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012187959 | 2012-08-28 | ||
| PCT/JP2013/072989 WO2014034714A1 (ja) | 2012-08-28 | 2013-08-28 | 鋼板 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MX2015002530A MX2015002530A (es) | 2015-06-05 |
| MX373800B true MX373800B (es) | 2020-03-24 |
Family
ID=50183522
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX2015002530A MX373800B (es) | 2012-08-28 | 2013-08-28 | Lámina de acero. |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150225821A1 (cs) |
| EP (1) | EP2891727B1 (cs) |
| JP (1) | JP5541428B1 (cs) |
| KR (1) | KR101683406B1 (cs) |
| CN (1) | CN104583445B (cs) |
| BR (1) | BR112015004191B1 (cs) |
| ES (1) | ES2707893T3 (cs) |
| IN (1) | IN2015DN01523A (cs) |
| MX (1) | MX373800B (cs) |
| PL (1) | PL2891727T3 (cs) |
| TW (1) | TWI481730B (cs) |
| WO (1) | WO2014034714A1 (cs) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106103782B (zh) | 2014-03-26 | 2018-06-01 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 高强度热成形钢板构件 |
| US10662494B2 (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2020-05-26 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Heat-treated steel material and method of manufacturing the same |
| US10563281B2 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2020-02-18 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Heat-treated steel sheet member and method for producing the same |
| CN107406953B (zh) * | 2015-04-08 | 2019-10-25 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 热处理用钢板 |
| EP3282030B1 (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2020-02-19 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Heat-treated steel sheet member, and production method therefor |
| US10704117B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2020-07-07 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Cold-rolled steel sheet, coated steel sheet, method for manufacturing cold-rolled steel sheet, and method for manufacturing coated steel sheet |
| MX2018007970A (es) | 2015-12-28 | 2018-11-09 | Jfe Steel Corp | Lamina de acero de alta resistencia, lamina de acero galvanizada de alta resistencia, metodo para la fabricacion de lamina de acero de alta resistencia, y metodo para la fabricacion de lamina de acero galvanizada de alta resistencia. |
| EP3584344B1 (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2025-08-06 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High strength steel sheet |
| MX2019009877A (es) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-10-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Carroceria estampada en caliente. |
| CA3053892C (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2020-08-18 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Hot stamped body |
| MX2021009067A (es) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-08-18 | Jfe Steel Corp | Miembro prensado en caliente, chapa de acero laminada en frio para miembro prensado en caliente, y metodo para producir los mismos. |
| CN113490758B (zh) | 2019-02-21 | 2023-06-09 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 热压部件、热压用冷轧钢板及其制造方法 |
| JP7464495B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-11 | 2024-04-09 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 局所的に軟化された部分を有する鋼部品の製造方法 |
| KR20250150669A (ko) * | 2020-03-11 | 2025-10-20 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 국소적으로 연화된 부분을 갖는 강 부품의 제조 방법 |
| JP7659207B2 (ja) | 2021-03-25 | 2025-04-09 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼板及び溶接継手 |
| MX2024008719A (es) * | 2022-04-06 | 2024-07-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | Miembro estructural de rebarbado. |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3389562B2 (ja) | 2000-07-28 | 2003-03-24 | アイシン高丘株式会社 | 車輌用衝突補強材の製造方法 |
| JP4325277B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-28 | 2009-09-02 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 熱間成形法と熱間成形部材 |
| JP4427465B2 (ja) | 2005-02-02 | 2010-03-10 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 生産性に優れたホットプレス高強度鋼製部材の製造方法 |
| JP4696615B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2011-06-08 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 高張力鋼板、溶接鋼管及びそれらの製造方法 |
| WO2007000955A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Jfe Steel Corporation | 高炭素熱延鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP4725415B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-23 | 2011-07-13 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 熱間プレス用鋼板および熱間プレス鋼板部材ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
| JP4282731B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-06-24 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 疲労特性に優れた自動車足回り部品の製造方法 |
| JP2009242910A (ja) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 被削性と強度異方性に優れた機械構造用鋼および機械構造用部品 |
| CN102348822A (zh) * | 2009-03-16 | 2012-02-08 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 淬透性优良的加硼钢板及制造方法 |
| CA2736374A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Carbon steel sheet having excellent carburization properties, and method for producing same |
| JP5353642B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-06 | 2013-11-27 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 熱処理用鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP5440371B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-12 | 2014-03-12 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 熱処理用鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP5547287B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-22 | 2014-07-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | ホットスタンプ成形体の製造方法及びホットスタンプ成形体 |
| CA2813915C (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2016-03-08 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Method for manufacturing hot stamped body having vertical wall and hot stamped body having vertical wall |
-
2013
- 2013-08-28 MX MX2015002530A patent/MX373800B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-08-28 JP JP2013557955A patent/JP5541428B1/ja active Active
- 2013-08-28 IN IN1523DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN01523A/en unknown
- 2013-08-28 CN CN201380044652.9A patent/CN104583445B/zh active Active
- 2013-08-28 BR BR112015004191-4A patent/BR112015004191B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-08-28 EP EP13832615.2A patent/EP2891727B1/en active Active
- 2013-08-28 PL PL13832615T patent/PL2891727T3/pl unknown
- 2013-08-28 WO PCT/JP2013/072989 patent/WO2014034714A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-08-28 ES ES13832615T patent/ES2707893T3/es active Active
- 2013-08-28 KR KR1020157004763A patent/KR101683406B1/ko active Active
- 2013-08-28 US US14/423,782 patent/US20150225821A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-28 TW TW102130791A patent/TWI481730B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104583445A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
| BR112015004191B1 (pt) | 2020-03-24 |
| BR112015004191A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
| WO2014034714A1 (ja) | 2014-03-06 |
| KR101683406B1 (ko) | 2016-12-06 |
| EP2891727B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
| JPWO2014034714A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
| KR20150038303A (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
| TWI481730B (zh) | 2015-04-21 |
| TW201420776A (zh) | 2014-06-01 |
| PL2891727T3 (pl) | 2019-04-30 |
| EP2891727A4 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| IN2015DN01523A (cs) | 2015-07-10 |
| US20150225821A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
| ES2707893T3 (es) | 2019-04-05 |
| CN104583445B (zh) | 2016-10-19 |
| JP5541428B1 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
| MX2015002530A (es) | 2015-06-05 |
| EP2891727A1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| MX373800B (es) | Lámina de acero. | |
| MX2019009701A (es) | Lamina de acero de alta resistencia. | |
| PL2907886T3 (pl) | Blacha stalowa cienka walcowana na gorąco o dużej wytrzymałości mająca maksymalną wytrzymałość na rozciąganie wynoszącą 980 MPa lub więcej oraz mająca doskonałą utwardzalność przy wypalaniu i wiązkość w niskiej temperaturze | |
| MX393963B (es) | Lamina de acero para estampado en caliente, metodo para producir lamina de acero para estampado en caliente, y articulo moldeado por estampado en caliente. | |
| MX2019009598A (es) | Lamina de acero de alta resistencia. | |
| PL2762588T3 (pl) | BLACHA STALOWA CIENKA O DUŻEJ WYTRZYMAŁOŚCI CYNKOWANA ZANURZENIOWO NA GORĄCO MAJĄCA DOSKONAŁĄ PODATNOŚĆ NA FORMOWANIE, NISKĄ ANIZOTROPIĘ MATERIAŁU I GRANICZNĄ WYTRZYMAŁOŚĆ NA ROZCIĄGANIE WYNOSZĄCĄ 980 MPa LUB WIĘCEJ, STOPOWA BLACHA STALOWA CIENKA O DUŻEJ WYTRZYMAŁOŚCI CYNKOWANA ZANURZENIOWO NA GORĄCO ORAZ SPOSÓB ICH WYTWARZANIA | |
| MX337838B (es) | Secuencias de repetidos palindromicos cortos regularmente intercalados agrupados de bifidobacterias. | |
| MX2022012560A (es) | Lamina de acero de alta resistencia y proceso para producir la misma. | |
| MX2018000109A (es) | Metodo y aparato para fabricar un componente prensado. | |
| MX356495B (es) | Un proceso para producir tira de acero laminada en caliente y una tira de acero producida con el mismo. | |
| MX2019003292A (es) | Método para producir un acero de alta resistencia laminado en caliente con conformabilidad del reborde elástico y rendimiento de fatiga del borde excelentes. | |
| MX2018006061A (es) | Lamina de acero laminada en caliente de alta resistencia y metodo de fabricacion de la misma. | |
| MX2017005945A (es) | Barra de acero laminada o material de alambre laminada para componente forjado en frio. | |
| PH12017500557A1 (en) | Steel sheet for cans and method for manufacturing steel sheet for cans | |
| CO2017003327A2 (es) | Hoja de acero para tapa corona y método de producirla | |
| JP2015078398A5 (ja) | 引張最大強度７８０ＭＰａを有する衝突特性に優れた高強度鋼板、高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板、並びに、高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板とその製造方法 | |
| MX2016007799A (es) | Miembro de lamina de acero prensada en caliente, y metodo para producir el mismo, y lamina de acero para prensado en caleinte. | |
| MX2020002418A (es) | Articulo formado por estampado en caliente y metodo y dispositivo para fabricar articulo formado por estampado en caliente. | |
| MY187443A (en) | Method for manufacturing a component of austenitic steel | |
| MX378892B (es) | Placa de acero para conformacion en caliente y metodo de elaboracion de miembro de acero conformado por presion en caliente. | |
| ZA201703289B (en) | A method for casting iron or steel, a charge for use in the method, and a method for producing a charge | |
| MX2016013902A (es) | Rodillo de molienda que comprende inserciones de mayor solidez. | |
| EP3395992A4 (en) | Super strength hot-rolled steel sheet excellent ductility and manufacturing therefor | |
| MY153967A (en) | High-strength hot rolled steel sheet having good formability and method for manufacturing the same | |
| EP3243923A4 (en) | Super high strength plated steel sheet having tensile strength of 1300 mpa or more, and manufacturing method therefor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| HC | Change of company name or juridical status |
Owner name: YOSHINO GYPSUM CO., LTD. |
|
| FG | Grant or registration |