LV11168B - Method for glass melting in furnace - Google Patents

Method for glass melting in furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
LV11168B
LV11168B LVP-93-1360A LV931360A LV11168B LV 11168 B LV11168 B LV 11168B LV 931360 A LV931360 A LV 931360A LV 11168 B LV11168 B LV 11168B
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LV
Latvia
Prior art keywords
melting
section
glass
burners
zone
Prior art date
Application number
LVP-93-1360A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
LV11168A (lv
Inventor
Helmut Pieper
Original Assignee
Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg filed Critical Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg
Publication of LV11168A publication Critical patent/LV11168A/lv
Publication of LV11168B publication Critical patent/LV11168B/lv

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C03B5/237—Regenerators or recuperators specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
    • C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
    • C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
    • C03B3/023—Preheating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
    • C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
    • C03B5/03—Tank furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
    • C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
    • C03B5/03—Tank furnaces
    • C03B5/031—Cold top tank furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/04—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in tank furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
    • C03B5/182—Stirring devices; Homogenisation by moving the molten glass along fixed elements, e.g. deflectors, weirs, baffle plates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
    • C03B5/193—Stirring devices; Homogenisation using gas, e.g. bubblers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/20—Bridges, shoes, throats, or other devices for withholding dirt, foam, or batch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/225—Refining
    • C03B5/2257—Refining by thin-layer fining
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)

Description

LV 11168
Cnoco6 BapKM CTeīcna b CTeīcnoBapeHHoii πθημ
OnncaHne M3o6peTeHne othocmtch k τθχηο/ιογιίμ BapKM cieīcna b CTeīcnoBapeHHOM πθημ.
HaMČonee 6/im3kmm ρθιιιθημθμ k μ3ο6ρθτθημκ) αβ/ιηθτοη cnoco6 BapKM cieīcna b CTeīcnoBapeHHOM πθημ, očorpeeaeMOM TOpenKaMM, ΠγΤΘΜ n/iaB/ΙΘΗΜίΙ LLlMXTbl B 30ΗΘ BapKM, ΟΟΒΘΤ/ΙΘΗΜΑ pacnnaBa, ero γομογθημ3314μμ m Bbipa6oTKM c προτμβοτοηηνμ ΑΒΜΧΘΗΜΘΜ AblMOBblX Γ330Β M UJMXTbl Μ ρ33Αβ/1ΘΗΜΘΜ 30H ΠΟ ra30B0My npocTpaHCTBy (1).
HecMOTpii Ha to, hto cTeīcnoBapeHHbie πθημ CHa6xeHbi peKynepaTopaMM μπμ pereHepaiopaMM, ohm μμθιοτ očiahm HeAOCTaTOK, 33Κ/ΙΙΟΗ3ΙΟΙΑΜΜ051 B OTHOCMTe/lbHO HM3K0M ΚΟΘφφΜϋ,ΜΘΗΤΘ ΠΟ/1Θ3ΗΟΓΟ AGMCTBMfl. 3Τ0Τ HeAOCTaTOK Ηθ CBfl33H C HeAOCTaTOHHOM Μ30ΠΒΑΜΘΜ BaHHbl RHH BapKM CTeK/ia, a CBfl3aH C ΤΘΜ, HTO ΤΘΠ/10 ra3006pa3HblX npOAyKTOB CrOpaHMfl B 3HaHMTe/lbH0M οτθπθημ npeBbimaeT Ten/iOByio 3ηθργμιο, Heo6xoAHMyK) a^b npeABOpMTe/ibHoro HarpeeaHMfl B03Ayxa, npeAHa3HaHeHHoro pj\n c>KMraHMq Ton/iMBa. Υβθ/ιμηθημθ TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa A/ifl CXMraHMB TOnriMBa ΜΜΘΘΤ CBOM rpaHMlļbl, nOCKO/lbKy npM 3ΤΟΜ τθπτιοο6μθη Bbi3biBaeT 3HanMTe/ibHbie 3aTpaTbi μ οοοόωίί HeAOCTaTOK 3aicniOHaeTCfl, b nacTHOCTM, b 3Η3ημτθ/ιβηομ ποβηιιιθημμ KOHU,eHTpaU,MM OKMCM a30Ta, ΚΟΤΟρβΗ ΗΒ/ΙΗΘΤΟΗ flAOBMTOM. υ,θ/lbio Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΑ ΗΒ/ΙΑΘΤΟΗ yMeHbLIieHMe 06pa30BaHMfl OKCMAa a30Ta.
CyLLļHOCTb Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜ9 ΠΟΗΟΗΑΘΤΟΗ ΗθρΤΘΧΟΜΜ, ΓΑΘ Ha φΜΓ.1 npeACTaB/ieH προΑο/ibHbiM pa3pe3 BaHHbi απη BapKM CTeīcna; Ha Φμγ. 2 - ropM30HTa/lbHblM pa3pe3 BaHHbl ΠΟ ΦΜΓ. 1; Ha ΦΜΓ.3 -ropM30HTa/ibHbiM pa3pe3 BaHHbl b ApyroM BapMaHTe; Ha Φμγ. 4 -npOAO/ibHbiM pa3pe3 CTeīcnoBapeHHOM πθημ; Ha Φμγ. 5 - npoAOnbHbiM pa3pe3 cočcTBeHHO BaponHoro čaceMHa; Ha Φμγ. 6 - bma CBepxy Ha B3HHy no Φμγ.5; Ha Φμγ. 7. - npOAO/ibHbiii pa3pe3 BaponHoro 6aceMHa, npeAHa3HaHeHHoro ann nepMOAnnecKOM βηθμκμ; Φμγ. 8 -ropM30HTa/ibHoe οθηθημθ β3ηηομ no Φμγ. 7 Ha ypoBHe ποβθρχηοοτμ BaHHbl CO CTeK/lOMaCCOM M Ha φΜΓ. 9 - pa3pe3 BaHHbl ΠΟ PMC. 7 M 8 HaA noBepxHOCTbio BaHHbl co CTeīcnoMaccoM. CTeīcnoBapeHHafl nenb coctomt m3 npoAO/ibHOM npflMoyro/ibHOM BaHHbl, MMeiOLAeM 30Hy οοβθτ/ιθημα 1 m BapoHHyio nacTb 2, κοτορωθ nepexoAflT APyr b Apyra, m npM 3tom BapoHHaa nacTb 2 μμθθτ AnnHy, KOTopaa npM6/iM3MTenbHO ot 2 ao 2,5 pa3 6o/ibiue, ηθμ A/inHa 30Hbi ocBeTJieHUH 1. Ποα 30hom ocBeT/ieHUfl 1 noHMMaeTcn Ta n/ioci<aq nacTb eaHHbi, b κοτοροίί pacnonoxeHbi rope/iKM 3, κοτορΗθ c/iyxaT AA51 c>KMraHMq χμακογο τοπ/iMBa m/im ra3a.
Co CTopoHbi rope/ιοκ eaHHa HMeeT nepeMbim<y 4, co CTopoHbi 3arpy3KM uinxTbi nepeMbiHKy 5 m npoAO/ibHyio CTem<y 6. BepxHqq nacTb nesu o6pa30BaHa KpbiujKOM 7. Āho BapOHHoii nacTn o6o3HaHeHo πο3μαμθμ 8. B BapoHHoCi nacTn 2 (30Ha 2) pacnojioxeHbi AOHHbie 3/ieKTpoAbi 9, KOTOpbie npeAOTBpamaiOT cieīcnoBaHue CTeīcnoMaccbi B AaHHOii o6/iaCTH, B HaCTHOCTH, B 30ΗΘ ΗΘΠΟΟρθΑΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ \Λ 3arpy3KM LiinxTbi. Οτθκποβθηιίθ TaioKe npeAOTBpamaeTcq οο3Α3ηι/ιθμ ΠΟΒΘρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟΓΟ Π0Τ0Κ8 BHyTpM BapOMHOM HaCTM 2, KOTOpblki ποστοΗΗΗο noAaeT Harpeioe ao βνοοκομ TeMnepaTypbi οτβιαιο M3 TaioKe HarpeTOti ao Bbicoicoii TeMnepaTypbi c noMombK) rope/ιοκ 3 30Hbi 0CBeT/ieHnq 1 b 30Hy 3arpy3KM ιυΜχτω. 3arpy3xa ιυΜχτω ocyLu,ecTB/iqeTq o6biHHbiM o6pa30M no ecefi lUMpMHe nepeMbiHKM 5.
BaHHa, b HacTHOCTM, M3roTOB/ieHa c ncno/ib30BaHneM o6bNHbix τθχημηθοκμχ npnēMOB. 3to xacaeTcq, b MacTHOCTM, βνπο/ιηθημλ οτθηοκ, cboaob, AHa, rope/ιοκ, 3/ΐθκτροΑθΒ, a TaioKe BbinycKHoro OTBepCTMfl 10 B ηρΟΤΜΒΟΠΟ/ΙΟΧΗΟΜ OT 30Hbl 3arpy3KM LLIHXTbl KOHlļe r0M0reHM3apH0HH0ii HaCTM 11, a TatOKe BbinO/lHeHHP BblXOAHblX OTBepCTMM ΑΠ91 ra30O0pa3HblX npOAyKTOB CropaHMfl 12 ΗΘΠΟΟρθΑΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ OKO/IO 30Hbl 3arpy3KM UJMXTbl. BHyTpM BaHHbl, B δΠΜΧΗΘΜ K 30ΗΘ 3arpy3KH ΚΟΗ4Θ 30Hbl ocBeTneHna 1, pacno/io>KeH 3KpaH A/m 3auļMTbi ot M3/iyHeHMq 13, KOTopbifi aoxoaht noHTu ao caMoCi noBepXHOCTH pacn/iaBa 14 m npeAOTBpaLiļaeT nonaAaHue n3/iyHeHnq b BapoHHyra nacTb 2. Kax μ3βθοτηο, npn BbicoKoii TeMnepaType b KaMepe 6o/ibLuaq nacTb 3Heprnn nepeHOCHTCR 3a cnēT n3/iyMeHnq, μ απη M3o6peTeHnq qB/iqeTcq cyiAecTBeHHofi KOHu,eHTpaiJ,Mq co3AaBaeMoPi c noMOLiļbio rope/ιοκ 3 3Heprnn β 3οηθ 0CBeT/ieHnq 1. nocKOJibKy n3/iyHaeMaq Hapyxy 3Heprnq οτ ποβθρχηοοτμ pacn/iaBa n, b HacTHOCTM, ot SKpaHa fljna 3auļHTbi ot n3nyneHnq 13 b CTOpOHy 30Hbl 3arpy3KH qB/iqeTCq ΑΟΟΤΒΤΟΗΗΟ 3Η3ΗΜΤΘ/1ΒΗ0Μ , BapOHHaa nacTb 2 μμθθτ θιαθ oamh 3xpaH a/ih 3aiunTbi ot M3/iyHeHnq 15, pacnO^OXeHHblM B6/1M3M 30Hbl 3arpy3KH LUMXTbl, H Me>KAy 3κρ3Η3ΜΜ απη 3aLunTbi ot M3/iyHeHnq 13 m 15 TaioKe mvieeTcq emē oamh 3KpaH 16. TaKaa KOHCTpyKu,nq ηθαθχηο npeAOTBpau;aeT HarpeeaHMe ninxTbi 3a ομθτ cyiAecTBeHHOii 3Heprnn n3/iyHeHMq, κοτοροΘ αο/ιχηο ocyiAecTB/iqTcq npaKTunecKH ncicnKDHMTe/ibHO 3a CH6T ra3006pa3Hbix προΑγκτοΒ cropaHnq, κοτοροΘ nocTynaiOT M3 30Hbi ocBeTJieHnq 1 nepe3 BaponHyio nacTb 2 m OTBepcTnqMM aa« BbixoAa ra30o6pa3Hbix npOAyKTOB cropaHnq 12.
Bo3moxho TaioKe, STo6bi Ha αημιαθ 8 b pacno/ioxeHHOM co CTopoHbi 30Hbi 3arpy3KM iunxTbi b KOHu,e 30Hbi 0CBeT/ieHnq 1 6bm Bbino/iHeH nopor 17. CyLuecTBeHHyK) po^b ļ\ns\ 3arpy3KM ιυΜχτω qeaqeTcq paBHOMepHbiPi yicnoH AHa, οτ κοτορογο 3aBMCMT LV 11168
HanpaB/ieHne ποτοιο, c κοτορΗΜ ropanee οτθκ/ιο Ha noBepxHocTn pacrmaBa nociynaeT o6paTHO b 30Hy 3arpy3KM uunxTbi n τθμ HapqAY c AOHHbiMn 3/ie«TpOAaMM 9 npeAOTBpaiiļaeT οτθκ/ιοβθημθ crreK/ia. ,Ο,ηο 30Hbi οοβθτ/ιθημη 1 pacnono>KeHO ropu30HTa/ibHO.
Oxna>KAeHHbie npn6jiM3HTe/ibHO ao 900^0 ra30o6pa3Hbie npoAyKTbi cropaHun noane BbixoAa M3 eaHHbi noAaiOTCfl κ peKynepaTopaM, H3 κοτορπχ ohm ββιχοα^τ, μμθβ TeMnepaTypy οκο/ιο 150-250^0. ripu stom TeMnepaType ocTaiomaflca b ra30o6pa3Hbix npOAyxTax cropaHMB θηθργμβ Mcno/ib3yeTca Aa/iee pņn HarpeBa B03Ayxa ΑτΠ« C>KMraHHR ΤΟΠ/lMBa.
B peKynepaTopax 3a οηθτ ox/iaxAaiomMx ra30o6pa3Hbix npoAyKTOB cropaHus B03Ayx Απ* cxnraHMB Tonni/iBa npeABapMTenbHO HarpeBaeTca ot HopMa/ibHoii TeMnepaiypbi ao TeMnepairypbi οκο/ιο 700^0 m 3aTeM sepe3 Tpy6onpoBOAbi noAaeTca κ rope/iKaM 3. CropaHue, προμοχοαβιαθθ npM οτηοομτθ/ιβηο hm3kom TeMnepaType B03Ayxa, ι/ιμθθτ npneMymecTBO, 3aK/iK5Haiomeecq b tom, mto TeMnepaTypbi πγώμθημ oTHOcme/ibHO hm3km, m npn stom KOHlļeHTpaiļMB ΝΟχ ΗΘ ΜΟΧΘΤ AOCTMrHyTb BbICOKOrO ypOBHB. ra30o6pa3Hbie προΑγκτω cropaHMB ηθ το/ibKO 3Hasme/ibHO ox/ia>KAeHbi, ho TaioKe μμθιοτ Hpe3BbiHaiiHO Ma/ibie KOHLieHTpaunu NOx, BcneACTBue nero προμ3βοαοτβο c noMombio C00TBeTCTByi0LAMX Μ3θ6ρΘΤΘΗΜΚ) CTeK/10BapeHHblX ΠΘΗΘΜ ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb 0ρΓ3ΗΜ30Β3Η0 Taioce m b o6/iacTqx, απβ κοτορωχ ycTaHOB/ieH hm3kmm ypoBeHb Bbi6pocoB b aτMOCφepy, HanpuMep, b ropoAax, npunēM 6/iaroAapa hh3kom TeMnepaType ra300čpa3Hbix npOAyxTOB cropaHUB bo3moxho CBOČOAHOe HCn0/1b30BaHMe nbmeBblX φΜ/lbTpOB. /ļ/lB φyHK^^10H^tp0BaHHB BaHHbl Β3ΧΗ0, ΗΤΟ Β3ρθΗΗ3Β HaCTb 2 B CB06M OČpaLAeHHOM B CTOpOHy 30Hbl 3arpy3KM IDMXTbl ΚΟΗϋ,Θ ncno/ib3yeTcq μοκ/ιιοημτθ/ιβηο a/ib npeABapuTe/ibHoro HarpeeaHMB ujnxTbi, m cyuļecTBeHHoe pacn/iaB/reHne uuMXTbi προΜΟχοΑ^τ /īrnub Ha o6paiuēHHOM b rope/iKax κοηαθ BapOHHOM nacTM 2, npuneM noc/ie 3τογο, ho nepeA τθμ, xax οτθκ/ιο 6yAOT yAa/ieHO M3BecTHbiM o6pa30M nepe3 αοηηοθ BbinycKHoe οτβθροτμθ 10, b 30ηθ οοβθτπθημβ 1 ocyiuecTB/iqeTcq ero οοβθτ/ιθημθ. B 30He ocBei/ieHnq 1 pacno/ioxeHbi 6ap6oTepbi, KOTopbie o6ecneHMBaioT προχοχαθημθ B03Ayxa nepe3 aho. C noMom,bio θτογο B03Ayxa - b ηθκοτορβιχ c/iyHaqx τθιοκθ m c noMombio αοηηνχ 3/1ΘΚΤρθΑΟΒ - B 30ΗΘ ΟΟΒΘΤ/ΙΘΗΜΒ 1 ΑΟΟΤΜΓΘΘΤΟΒ 3Η3ΗΜΤΘ.ΠΒΗ3Β ū,npKynqunq οτΘκ/ia, Bc/ieACTBue ηθγο b 30ηθ οοβθτ/ιθημβ TeMnepairypbi Ha ero ποβθρχηοοτμ m BHM3y οτ/ιμηθιοτοβ Ha oneHb He3HaHHTenbHyK) Be/iMHHHy. Τθμ caMbiM AOCTuraeTCB, TeMnepaTypa Ha ποβθρχηοο™ pacrmaBa aoxoaht ao 1550-1560°C, πρμηθμ TeMnepaTypa CBOAa ηθα 30hom οοβθτ/ιθημη 2 ηθ npeBbiLuaeT TeMnepaTypy 1580°C. B npoTHsono/ioxHOCTb 3T0My TeMnepaTypbi b BapoMHOM nacTH 3HaMHTe/ibHO Hnxe, Ha ynacTKe ot 30Hbi 3arpy3KM LUMXTbl AO 30Hbl ΟΟΒΘΤ/ΙΘΗΜΗ 1 OHM COCTOB/1BIOT OT 1100 AO 1300°C. B roMoreHW3auuoHHoii nac™ 2 npncxoAHT roMoreHM3aui/m crreicna npn ox/iaxAeHHM, b pe3ynbTaTe ηθγο ycTaHaB/iMBaeTCii onTUMa/ibHoe TeMnepaiypHoe pacnpeAe/ieHne no c/ioam, κοτοροθ npeAOTBpaiiļaeT nonaAaHue OTm6aK)LU,nx ποτοκοβ μ τθμ caMbiM nonaAaHue 3arpq3HeHnPi b BbinycKHoe οτβθροτμθ 10.
BnaroAapfl Ha/innn»o 3xpaH0B ann 3amnTbi n3/iyHeHHfl 13, 15, 16 CKopocTb ra3a HaA LunxTOfi noAū,epxnBaeTCfl Ha ypoBHe oko/io 10-15 m/c, KOTOpan ποθβοπηθτ o6ecneHHTb πομμμο nepeAanu Ten/ia ot M3iiyHeHM?i Taoce onpeAe.nēHHyK) xoHB6KTMBHyio nepeAasy Ten/ia. ripu 3tom 3KpaHbi ļ\nn 3aLAMTbi ot M3nyHeHHfi Bbino/iHeHbi, HanpuMep, ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ KaK apKa C npflMblMM ΟΤΘΗΙΟΜΜ, ποαο6ηο apxe SojibLuofi cočaHbeti KOHypbi. noAaeaeMaii 3/ιθκτρμηθοοη θηθργμα t3kmm o6pa30M noAānpaeTCfl b cooTHomeHMM c θηθργμθμ, o6ecneHneaeMoii rope/iKaMM, πτοβω očiuee κο/ιμηθοτβο NOx ηθ npeBbiLiia.no AonycTHMbix 3HaHeHMii. npn čo/ibLueii AO/ie aneicTpMHecKOii SHeprun očuļee κο/ιμηθοτβο NOx CHMxaeTcn m npn yMeHbi±ieHWM 3τοίί ao/im B03pacTaeT. CTeīcnoBapeHHafl nenb μοχθτ 6biTb θκοηομμηηοιϊ b Μ3Γ0Τ0Β/1ΘΗΜΜ, nOCKOJlbKy B 30ΗΘ 3arpy3KM LUMXTbl ΒΟ-ΠΘΑΟΤΒΜΘ TeMnepaTyp Moryr 6biTb ncnonb30BaHbi μθηθθ AoporocTOfUAne orHeynopHbie MaTepna/ibi. B cooTBeTCTBun c cymecTBOM μ3ο6ρθτθημα bca CTeīcnoBpeHHaa nenb, HanpaBnfltomkie nnn ra30o6pa3Hbix προΑγκτοβ cropaHMa n A^ia HarpeToro B03Ayxa atir cxi/iraHMfl Tonnusa χοροιυο n30/inpyi0Tca. HecMOTpa Ha sto, a/ih cneuna^ncTa αβ/ιηθτοβ HeOXMAaHHblM TOT φ3ΚΤ, HTO yAe/lbHblii paCXOA 3ΗΘΡΓΜΜ ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb οηιιχθη ao ηθαοοτμχιλμομ paHee BenMHMHbi 3100-3400 Κ/1χ/κγ CTeīcna. B 30ΗΘ ΟΟΒΘΤΠΘΗΜίΙ, θ6θ3Η8ΗΘΗΗΟΜ KaK 30Ha 1, ΓΟρΘ/ΙΚΜ pa6oTaioT b ρθχμμθ ηθαοοτθτοηηομ ποαθημ B03Ayxa, βοτιθαοτβμθ ηθγο o6pa30BaHHB okucm a30Ta (o6pa3oeaHne NOx) npaicruHecKM He HacTynaeT, nocKOJibKy cropaHue αβ/ιηθτοη ηθπο/ιηνμ. Γοριοημθ ra3bi noc/ie 3τογο nonaAaKDT b 30Hy Π, to ecTb b BapOHHyio nacTb μ τθμ, b Hanane 30Hbi Π, ecnn CMOTpeTb no HanpaB/ieHnio noTOKa, b κοτορωίί yxe C03AaHa TeMnepaTypa, MeHbuue TeMnepaTypbi b 3οηθ 1 Ha 150°C, rope/iKM p/\n ο6θοπθηθημη πο/ιηογο cropaHHn noAaeaeMoro yr/ieBOAopoAa pa6oTatoT b pexnMe ι/ι36βιτοηηομ noAanu B03Ayxa, b pe3y/ibTaTe ηθγο npeAOTBpamaeTca noHnxeHne κο3φφΜϋ,ΘΗΤ3 πο/ιθ3ηογο AeiicTBun. Bc/ieACTBue cymecTBytou4eii 3Aecb 3HaHHTe/ibH0 MeHbiueii TeMnepaTypbi Ox npaKTunecKM ηθ o6pa3yeTC?i, no3TOMy ra30o6paHbie npoAyKTbi cropaHMn npn nonaAaHun b aτMOcφepy npaKTnsecKM ηθ C0AepxaT Ox. CooTBeTCTByioLune μ3ο6ρθτθηιλιο CTeīcnoBapeHHbie πθημ npenMyLuecTBeHHbiM o6pa30M MoryT ncnonb30BaTbCfl b π/ιοτηο 3ace/ieHHbix o6jiacTax. LV 11168
Cym,ecTBeHHbiM τβιοκθ ηβπηθτοβ tot φβκτ, hto 3HaHMTe/ibHy»o AO/iio 3arpyxaeMOM b nesb CMecu μο>κθτ cocTaB/iaTb 6om CTeīcna, a 0CTanbHyK) nacTb - očbiHHaa LUMXTa, b pe3y/ibTaie ηθγο nesb μοχθτ paāoTaTb Ha αθιιιθβομ mcxoahom MaTepna/ie. B CBq3M c τθμ, hto b ποβτορηομ unicn nepepačOTKM nociynaeT ece čo/iuiee κο/ιμηθοτβο CTaporo CTeīcna, κοτοροβ b HacToamee βρθμη eme ηθ μοχθτ 6biTb pa3AeneHO no μ,βθτυ, b BaHHy pj\n eapKu CTeīcna nonaAeT 6oii CTeīcna c pa3/inHHbiM oKMC/imejibHbiM noTeHuna/iOM. ripu peaKiļMM pa3/IHHHblX BMAOB CTeiOia, HMeiOllļerO pa3JlMHHblM OKMC/IMTe/lbHblM noTeHu.na/i, Ha ποβθρχηοοτμ pacnjiaea ποηβπηθτοη 3HaHMTe/ibHoe KO/innecTBO neHbi, KOTopaa 0TpaxaeT n3/iyHaeMoe n/iaMa m cyLu,ecTBeHHO npenflTCTByeT nepeAane Ten/ia b eaHHy co CTeīcnoMaccoPi.
Ko/iMHecTBO 3tom neHbi μοχθτ 6biTb yMeHuueHO oc/ia6/ieHneM ογηθβογο pexnMa, b pe3y/ibTaie nero eaHHa μοχθτ <ļ)yHKu,noHnpoBaTb 6o/iee θΦΦθκτμβηο npM Heč/iaronpMsrrHOM COOTHOLLieHMM ΚΟΜΠΟΗΘΗΤΟΒ WMXTbl H npMCyTCTBMM B ΗΘΜ 3HaHHTe/ibHoro KOJinnecTBa CTaporo CTeīcna no cpaBHeHmo c OČblHHbIMM ΠΘΗ3ΜΜ. ΠρΜΗΑΜΠ pa60Tbl ΠΘΗΜ ΠρθΑΠΟ/iaraeT Ha/ΙΜΗΜΘ τρβχ pacnonoxeHHbix noc/ieAOBaTe/ibHO Apyr 3a ApyroM b HanpaB/ieHMu αβμχθημη ποτοιο nacTeM πθημ μ οοοτβθτοτβθηηο BaHHbi, πρμηθμ 3a BapoHHoii nacTbio c/ieAyeT 30Ha οοβθταθημα 1, a 3a ηθη σπθΑΥβτ roMoreHM3ai4MOHHaq nacTb 11. MaKCMMa/ibHaa TeMnepaTypa οτθκ/ιοποτοιο C03AaeTca npH 3tom Ha ββιπο/ιηθηηομ oco6biM o6pa30M nnocKOM ynacTKe 18 30Hbi οοβθτπθημη 1, πρμηθμ cooTBeTCTBy ίο mee HarpeeaHMe μοχθτ ocyu4,ecTB/iqTbcq xax c nOMOLAblO TOpenOK 3, TaK H C nOMOlAblO 3iieKTpOAOB 19. ripu 3T0M oco6oe npenMyiuecTBO αοοτμγθθτοη b tom c/iyHae, θοπμ κ rope/iKaM noAaiOTcq o6biHHbie, čonee AemeBbie no cpaBHeHmo c θπθκτρμηθοκομ θηθργμθμ ηοομτθ/ιμ θηθργμμ, πρμηθμ noBbimeHMe ο6ιαθμ TeMnepaTypbi β3ηην co CTeīcnoMaccoM AOCTMraeTca 3a οηθτ ManoM my6MHbi eaHHbi co CTeīcnoMaccoM AOCTnraeTcq 3a οηθτ Ma/ioM r/iy6MHbi eaHHbi Ha ynacTKe 18.
PaBHOMepHO HarpeToe οτθκ/ιο nonaAaeT t3kmm o6pa30M c ynacTKa 18b γομογθημ33Ι4,μοηηυιο nacTb 11, b κοτοροίί oho npM οχ/ι3χαθημμ oceAaeT no npMHUMny "πρμηυαμτθπβηογο noTOKa" 6e3 33ΒΜΧρθΗΜΜ. ΟΧΠΘΧΑΘΗΜΘ ΠρΜ 3Τ0Μ OCyLAeCTBJlSlK)T ΤΟΓΟ, HT06bl coxpaHMTb cnoMCTocTb CTeīcna μ ηθ AonycTMTb 3aBMxpeHMii. UJnxTa 3arpyxaeTca Ha πθρθαηθμ (θοπμ CMOTpeTb no HanpaB/ieHMio noTOKa) κοηαθ BapoHHOii nacTM 2, πρμηθμ 0Ha nocTynaeT b η3πρ3β/ιθημμ 30Hbi οοβθτπθημη 1. Οαηθκο ee nocTyn/ieHMe b 30Hy οοβθτπθημη npe/ļOTepamaercfi apKOM 20 c AOHHbiM προτοκοΜ 21, πρμηθμ apxa 20 μοχθτ oxnaxAaTbcq B03AyX0M. Θτοτ Β03ΑΥΧ, KOTOpbIM Bnoc/ΙΘΑΟΤΒΜΜ ΜΟΧΘΤ Mcno/ib30BaTbcq xax B03Ayx Απη οχμγημη τοπ/iMBa, noAaeTca nepe3 Tpy6bi, Bbino/iHeHHbie, HanpMMep, M3 MaTepMa/ia ”MHKOHe/ib” KOTopbiPi o6naAaeT BbicoKOM xaponpoHHocTbio. noc/ie προχοχαθημβ αοηηογο npoTOKa 21, ηθ CMeiuaHHoe yxe c lumxtom CTeīcno πoahmMaeTCsi b βμαθ noTOKa, Tax xax 3a cseT noAanu SHeprun cBepxy Ha stom ynacTKe AOCTuraeTCfl Tpe6yeMoe cnoncToe pacnpeAe/ieHne CTeīcna τθκμμ o6pa30M, hto Han6o/iee xo/iOAHoe οτθκ/ιο pacno/iaraeTca BHM3y m Han6o/iee ropanee BBepxy. 5/iaroAapfl TaxoMy TeMnepaTypHOMy pacnpeAe/ieHmo no οποαμ C03AaeTcn ”npnHyAHTe/ibHbiii ποτοκ" 6e3 θθβμχρθημμ. Τθμ caMbiM o6ecne4MBaeTCfi, ητο6η yxe npeABapuTe/ibHO HarpeToe οτβισιο ηθ nocTyna.no β οο6οτβθηηο 30Hy οοβθτ/ιθημα μ οοοτβθτοτβθηηο yxe HarpeToe ao BbicoKoii TeMnepaTypbi CTeīcno ηθ nonaAano BHOBb b nepeAHioto nacTb 30Hbi οοβθτ/ιθημ3 1. HTOčbi očecneHMTb 3HaHMTe/ibHyio noAany SHeprun b eapOHHOii nacTH, b eē 3aAHeii nacTM Moryr 6biTb ycTaHOBJieHbi nomnoHHbie rope/iKH 22, πρμηθμ ποα κθχαομ rope/ικθΜ μμθθτοη 6ap6oTep 23, KOTOpbiM očecnenHBaeT ποοτοαηηοθ πθρθμθιαθημθ χο/ιοαηογο CTeīcna BnepēA h τθμ caMbiM npeAOTBpamaeT neperpes. CooTBeTCTBytOLAHH 6ap6oTep 23 μοχθτ 6biTb pacnonoxeH ποα ynacTKOM 3arpy3Kn iunxTbi, b οοοτβθτοτβυιοιαθμ 30ηθ, ητο6ν 3Aecb TaKxe co3AaBaTb nocToaHHbiii ποτοκ CTeīcna h npeAOTBpamaTb ΟΤΘΚΠΟΒΘΗΜΘ. 3arpyxeHHaa mnxTa μ, οοοτβθτοτβθηηο, 3arpyxeHHbiM 60m CTeīcna noAsepraeTca npeABapnTe/ibHOMy HarpeBy. ra30o6pa3Hbie npOAyKTbl CrOpaHHfl H3 30Hbl ΟΟΒΘΤΠΘΗΜΗ M BapOHHOM HaCTM 1 M 2 OTBOA^TCfl B 30Hy 3arpy3KM UJI/IXTbl Μ ηρΟΧΟΑ^Τ npOTMBOTOKOM KaK Hepe3 mnxTy, τβκ μ ηθρθ3 6om CTeīcna, nepeA τθμ kqk ohm OHHmaiOTCfl αθητρο6θχηημ cenapaTopOM 24 m BbiBOAflTca mm b OKpyxatomyio cpeAy· TBēpAbie nacTMAbi nonaAaiOT πρΜ θτομ M3 cenapaTOpa 24 o6paHO b 6yHKep απη ιαμχτν 25, M3 κοτοροτο ohm yAa/ifliOTCfl mjim otboahtcb β ποτοκ ra30o6pa3Hbix προΑγκτοΒ cropaHMA. Boii CTeīcna, nocTynMBUJMM b Hanpae/mioLAMM Kanan Ann 6oa CTeīcna 26, npoAyBaeTca ποτοκομ ra3006pa3Hbix προΑγκτοΒ cropaHMii, πρμηθμ HanpaB/iatoiAMM KaHa/i a/i« 6oh CTeīcna 28 coctomt M3 OTAenbHbix π/ιοθκοοτθμ (lumtkob) 29, KOTopbie pacno/ioxeHbi Apyr ot Apyra Ha οπρθαθ/ιθηηομ paccTonHMM m HaicnoHeHbi BHyrpb, b pe3ynbTaTe ηθγο ποτοκ ra30o6pa3Hbix προΑγκτοΒ cropaHMa μοχθτ nonoAaTb b 6om CTeīcna nepe3 o6pa30BaHHbiM TaKMM o6pa30M 3a3op. HTo6bi nonyHMTb οτθκ/ιο ocočoro KasecTBa, to comacHO Φμγ.4 AHO rOMOreHM3ai4MOHHOM H3CTM 2 ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb paCnO/ΙΟΧΘΗΟ 3HaHMTe/1bH0 ΗΜΧΘ ypOBHB AH3 BapOHHOM H3CTM. IlOAaHa UJMXTbl M 6oa CTeīcna, c oahom CTOpOHbi, m yqa.neHMq ra3006pa3Hbix προΑγκτοΒ CrOpaHMfl πρΜ 3T0M ΜΟΓγΓ OCyilļeCTBJiqTbCil ΗΘΡΘ3 OTBepCTMe 12.
Ha φΜΓ.5 M 6 πρΜΒΘΑβΗ ynpOLA6HHblM Β3ρΜ3ΗΤ cooTBeTCByioiAeM μ3ο6ρθτθημιο πθημ, πρμηθμ HarpeeaHMe b BapOHHOM nacTM ocyLu,ecTB/iqeTCfl nepe3 aneKTpoAbi 9. l±lMXTa npM 3T0M 33ΗΜΜ3ΘΤ B ΠρΑΟ/lbHOM Η3Πρ3Β/1ΘΗΜΜ 3HaHMTe/1bHyiO HaCTb BapOHHOM nacTM 2. Pacn/iaB/ieHHoe οτθκ/ιο, HaxoAflCb β πθημ, M3o6paxeHHOM Ha Φμγ.4, nonaAaeT 3aTeM nepe3 αοηηοθ ββιχοαηοθ LV 11168 OTBepcTne 21 b 30Hy ocBeT/ieHna 1 n npn 3tom bo βρθμη noAHmun HarpeBaeTca 3.πβκτρθΑ3ΜΜ 9, a Ha ποβθρχηοοτμ HarpeBaeTca oahoh H/1M HeCKO/lbKMMM TOpe/IKaMU 3. Bo BpeMfl nOAHflTUfl C03AaeTCfl TaiOKe "npnHyAHTe/ibHbin ποτοκ", n στβκ,πο AOCTuraeT ceoeii MaKCMMa/ibHoii TeMnepaTypbi b 30ηθ 18, β κοτοροη eaHHa co CTeīcnoMaccon nMeeT Ma/iyio rny6nHy, Ka« sto yxe 6bmo onncaHO Bbiiue. 3aTeM CTeīcno npnHyAHTe/ibHbiM ποτοκομ nocTynaeT b 3aAHioio, ec/in CMOTpeTb b HanpaB/ieHnn ποτοκθ, sacTb 30Hbi ocBeTneHi/m 1 κ c/ieAytoiAeMy AOHHOMy ποτοκγ 30 h 38τθμ OTCtOAa nocTynaeT b roMoreHH3aunoHHyio nacTb 2, β κοτοροη KOMneHcau,wq noTepb n, οοοτβθτοτβθηηο, Tpe6yeMoe pery/inpoBaHne pacnpeAe/ieHnn no TeMnepaTypHbiM cjiosim μοχθτ ocymecTB.nqTcq c nOMOLLļbK) ΓΟρθΑΟΚ 3.
Apkm 20, a TaiOKe aho 3οην ocBeT/ieHna 1 MoryT ox/iaxAaTbca, B 3aBHCHM0CTH ΟΤ OČCTOflTeJlbCTB, X0J10AHblM B03AyXOM ΑΠ 9\ cxnraHnn Tonnuea, κοτορωκ προχοΑ^τ no Tpy6aM H3 MaTepna/ia, očnaAaiomero BbicoKOti xaponpoHHOCTbio.
CornacHO φ\ΑΓ. 7-9 paen/iaB/iemie wnxTbi b eaposHon nacTM 2 nponcxoAHT c noMombio noAasn sneKTpnsecKOii 3Hepmn sepe3 SAeKTpoAbi 9, h nponycKaHne ποτοκθ sepe3 30Hy οοβθτ/ιθημα 1 προΜΟχοΑΜτ CHana/ia no HanpaB/ieHmo BBepx h 3aTeM no HanpaB/ieHn»o bhh3 npnHyAHTe/ibHbiM ποτοκομ, KaK sto onncaHO co ccbi/ικοίί Ha Φμγ.5 h 6. B KanecTee γομογθημ3311μοηηομ sacTH 11 Tenepb c/iyxnT HarpeBaeMaa npeAnoHMTe/ibHO κοοβθηηημ o6pa30M paOosaa BaHHa c rope/iKaMn 3 n ηθπραμνμ HarpeeaTe/ibHbiM yCTpOMCTBOM 31. HTočbi npeAOTBpaTMTb oOpaTHbiPi ποτοκ 6e3 μ3βπθηθημ« CTeīcna H3 roMoreHH3aunoHHOii nacTM n, οοοτβθτοτβθηηο, pačosePi BaHHbi, HaAexHbiM o6pa30M β 30ηθ ocBeT/ieHMfl 1 ycTaHOB/ien 3πθμθητ cyxeHnq ποτοκθ 32 M3 orHeynopHoro MaTepna/ia, κοτορωίί pa3Ae^qeT npoxoAflLu,nw ποτοκ CTeīcna Ha αβθ sāc™ h ηθ AonycKaeT ropn30HTa/ibHoro 3aBnxpeHH«. Tax KaK 3a cseT noAaeaeMoii sepe3 rope/ικΜ 3 3Heprnn b 30He οοΒβτΑθΗΜΛ Tpe6yeMoe pacnpeAn/ieHne no TeMnepaTypHbiM c/iohm 6e3 3aBHxpeHnii coxpaHaeTcq TaiOKe h bo βρθμα 0CT3H0BKH, 3τοτ BapnaHT ocymecTBJieHnq nesu οοο6θηηο 3φφΘκτι/ΐΒθΗ ΑτΠ« nesen c npenpbiBncTbiM n3B/ieseHneM CTeīcna. HenpaMoe HarpeBaHne npn 3tom o6ecnennBaeT Taxxe coxpaHeHne Tpe6yeMoro pacnpeAe/ieHna no TeMnepaTypHbiM cjiohm BHyTpn roMoreHH3au,noHHon sacTn 11 η, οοοτΒβτοτΒβΗΗΟ, pa6osen BaHHbi, 6e3 n3BneseHnq. TeMnepaTypa b ashhom c/iynae Mor/ia 6bi TaiOKe pery/inpoBaTcq Tpe6yeMbiM oāpa30M 6e3 nponycKaHnq noTOKa.
TaxnM o6pa30M, cyTb n3o6peTeHnq coctout β τομ, μτο6η b 30He 0CBeT/ieHnq Ao6nTbca onpeAe-neHHoro pacnpeAe/ieHnq no TeMnepaTypHbiM cjiobm 6e3 B03HHKH0BeHnq 3aBnxpeHnn, n sTočbi 3to pacnpeAe/ieHne nponcxoAnno xax bo BpeMa HarpeBa, Tax n bo
BpeMfl ox/ia>KAeHHfl, a τβιοκθ b 30He Hai/iBbicujnx TeMnepaTyp 6/iaroflapfi Ma/ioti nny6nHe BaHHoii. (56) Αβτοροκοθ οβμαθτθ/ιβοτβο CCCP N2 1395590, ka. C03B 5/04, 1986 (npoTOTnn). LV 11168 ΦΟΡΜΥϋΑ Μ30ΒΡΕΤΕΗΜ* 1. Cnoco6 BapKM cieīcna b CTeKnoBapeHHoii πθμμ, o6orpeBaeMoii ropenKaMU, nyTeM ππθβπθημα iunxTbi b 30He BapKM, οοΒθτηβΗΜΗ pacrviaBa, ero Γ0Μ0ΓΘΗΜ3311ΜΜ M BblpaČOTKM C ΠρΟΤΜΒΟΤΟΜΗΗΜ βΒΜ>ΚΘΗΜΘΜ flblMOBblX ΓΘ30Β M LUMXTbi m pa3fleneHMeM 30H no ra30B0My npocTpaHCTBy, omnuvaiomuQca meM, mto c Lļenbto yMeHbiueHMfl o6pa30BaHnq oKCMfla a30Ta, b 30ηθ ΟΟΒΘΤΠΘΗΜΗ ΤΟΠΠΜΒΟ B ΓΟρβΠΚΘΧ ΟΚΜΓΘΙΟΤ ΠρΜ ΗΘΑΟΟΤβΤΚΘ B03flyXa, a Β 30ΗΘ BapKM - npM M36blTKe B03flyxa, ΠΡΜ 3ΤΟΜ Β 30Ηβ 3arpy3KM LUMXTbl MCnO/1b3ytOT AononHMTenbHO aneKTponoflorpes. 2. Cnoco6 no nyHKTy 1, omnuvatomuCicfi meM, mto TeMnepaTypy b 30He BapKM noAflep>KMBaioT Ha 150 °C μ ημ>κθ, μθμ β 30ηθ οοΒΘτπβΗΜΗ. 3. Cnocoā no nyHKTy 1 μπμ 2, omnu^aiomuūcF meM, mto b LUMXTy BBOflflT 6om CTeKna. 4. Cnoco6 no nyHKTy 3, omnuuaiouu,uuce meM, mto 6om CTe«na npeflBapMTeribHO HarpeeaioT οτχοαηιαμμμ τθπηοοδΜβΗΗΜΚΟΒ α^ιμοβνμμ ra3aMM. LV 11168 ΡΕΦΕΡΑΤ C ue/ibio yMeHbiueHMfl o6pa30BaHMH okcmas a30Ta b 30ηθ οοβθτ/ιθημη, τοπ/ihbo b rope/iKax cxnraK)T npn ηθαοοτθτκθ B03Ayxa, a B 30ΗΘ BapKU-npH M36blTKe B03Ayxa, npn 3T0M B 30ΗΘ 3arpy3KM LUMXTbl ΑΟΠΟ/IHMTe/lbHO HCnO/lb3yiOT 3/ΐΘΚΤρ0Π0Α0φθΒ.
TeMnepaTypy b 30ηθ Bapxn riOAiļepxnBaiOT Ha 150°C m Hnxe ηθμ b 30ηθ ocBeTJieHun. B Lunxry bboa^t npeABapme/ibHO HarpeTbifi AbIMOBbIMM ra3aMM 6om deīcna.

Claims (4)

  1. LV 11168 Izgudrojuma formula 1. Paņēmiens stikla kausēšanai stikla kausēšanas krāsnī, ko apsilda degļi, kausējot šihtu kausēšanas zonā, dzidrinot, homogenizējot un izstrādājot to, pie kam dūmgāzu un šihtas plūsmas vērstas pretējos virzienos un gāzu telpa sadalīta zonās, kas atšķiras ar to, ka, nolūkā samazināt slāpekļa oksīda rašanos, dzidrināšanas zonā degvielu degļos sadedzina gaisa deficīta režīmā, bet kausēšanas zonā - gaisa pārpalikuma režīmā, pie kam šihtas iekraušanas zonā papildus izmanto elektroapsildi.
  2. 2. Paņēmiens saskaņā ar 1. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka panāk, lai kausēšanas zonā temperatūra būtu par 150 °C zemāka nekā dzidrināšanas zonā.
  3. 3. Paņēmiens saskaņā ar 1. vai 2. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka šihtai pievieno stikla lauskas.
  4. 4. Paņēmiens saskaņā ar 3. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka stikla lauskas iepriekš sasilda ar dūmgāzēm, kas izplūst no siltummaiņiem. 1
LVP-93-1360A 1987-05-30 1993-12-21 Method for glass melting in furnace LV11168B (en)

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JPS63310734A (ja) 1988-12-19
LTIP1833A (en) 1995-08-25
BG49381A3 (en) 1991-10-15
ES2032876T3 (es) 1993-03-01
SK277753B6 (en) 1994-12-07
DE3718276C2 (lv) 1989-11-23
JPH0375492B2 (lv) 1991-12-02
ATE75706T1 (de) 1992-05-15
UA11070A (uk) 1996-12-25
RU1836303C (ru) 1993-08-23
DE3870817D1 (en) 1992-06-11
JPH03183624A (ja) 1991-08-09
CZ278070B6 (en) 1993-08-11
LV11169B (en) 1996-06-20
IN171025B (lv) 1992-07-04
JPH0476931B2 (lv) 1992-12-07
DD272290A5 (de) 1989-10-04
LT3759B (en) 1996-03-25
AU1339588A (en) 1988-12-01
LTIP1465A (en) 1995-05-25
ATE77354T1 (de) 1992-07-15
FI882530A (fi) 1988-12-01
ES2031286T3 (es) 1992-12-01
CA1335535C (en) 1995-05-16
EP0317551B1 (de) 1992-05-06
EP0293545A2 (de) 1988-12-07
AU603194B2 (en) 1990-11-08
HK14093A (en) 1993-02-26
HU208412B (en) 1993-10-28
RU2013383C1 (ru) 1994-05-30
HUT51576A (en) 1990-05-28
US4882736A (en) 1989-11-21
MY102814A (en) 1992-11-30
PL271802A1 (en) 1989-04-03
FI86985B (fi) 1992-07-31
LV11169A (lv) 1996-04-20
KR880013828A (ko) 1988-12-22
CN88103288A (zh) 1988-12-21
LT3654B (en) 1996-01-25
CN1021039C (zh) 1993-06-02
FI882530A0 (fi) 1988-05-30
LV11168A (lv) 1996-04-20
KR920003221B1 (ko) 1992-04-24
EP0317551A3 (en) 1990-08-08
CZ180188A3 (en) 1993-04-14
EP0293545A3 (en) 1990-11-07
PL153827B1 (en) 1991-06-28
PT87600B (pt) 1991-05-22
DE3718276A1 (de) 1988-12-08
EP0317551A2 (de) 1989-05-24
TR25215A (tr) 1992-11-26
ZA882900B (en) 1988-10-27
DE3872056D1 (en) 1992-07-23
SG101492G (en) 1992-12-24
PT87600A (pt) 1988-06-01
FI86985C (fi) 1992-11-10
SK180188A3 (en) 1994-12-07

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