LT7151B - TWO-WAY TRAFFIC ROAD - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention "Two-way traffic road" belongs to the high-speed roads in urbanised areas. The objectives are to improve the safety and mobility of road users, to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution, and to create an enterprise logistics system. The invention consists in the fact that the forward high-speed carriageway is located on the left-hand side and the reverse high-speed carriageway is located on the right-hand side over a distance that can accommodate the buildings of the companies. They are connected by lowspeed one-way carriageways with access to businesses, passenger drop-off and pick-up points and car parks on the right-hand bends only. For the safe movement of pedestrians, cyclists and mopeds, there is a dedicated path between the buildings, along the road, at the second level. Underneath it, in the basement, there is an infrastructure for passenger trams, freight trams and passenger traffic with unloading and loading bays and equipment. Logistics terminals are foreseen at the ends of the track. The second level of the basement contains the infrastructure for the metro trains and passenger transport. The objectives are achieved by avoiding intersection of traffic paths and creating rational multimodal transport and logistics systems.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention "Two-way traffic road" belongs to the field of road construction in urbanized areas and can be used in the substantial reconstruction of existing or construction of new, next-generation intensive and safe traffic roads in urbanized areas.

STATE OF THE ART

Two-way roads are known (patent No. CN 212895731U), consisting of a single carriageway with two or four lanes, in which the lanes of traffic in opposite directions are separated by marking lines, and roadsides or sidewalks are built outside the outer lanes. This type of road is intended for motorized, non-motorized and pedestrian traffic. At the intersections of these roads there are level crossings where vehicles can travel in all directions. Pedestrian crossings, marked or unmarked, where pedestrians and pedestrians driving non-motorized vehicles can cross the carriageway of the road.

At first glance, it would seem that these are ideal roads, because drivers can drive to the right place in the shortest distance, and pedestrians are given the opportunity to cross the roadway with priority. Perhaps that is why they are the most common, built and operated to this day. These roads are convenient only with low traffic intensity. However, with heavy traffic, these roads and their intersections have significant disadvantages:

1. low safety for all road users due to the intersection of traffic trajectories of transport and pedestrian flows on roads and intersections;

2. low throughput of roads and level crossings, because pedestrians at pedestrian crossings, and traffic lights or priority signs at intersections, form pulsating traffic and congestion in front of them;

3. entering and exiting objects on the left side of the road on the left curve reduces traffic safety and road capacity, or increases transport energy, depreciation losses, environmental pollution, traffic intensity on the road and at intersections, and contributes to the formation of traffic jams on the roads, causing road users to lose more time;

4. they provoke the construction of residential buildings, other passenger attraction centers for various purposes, even public transport stops on both sides of the road, and those objects create conditions for irrational, unsafe transport and pedestrian traffic on the roadway;

5. does not have a developed infrastructure that allows passengers to choose safe and rational modes of transport and means of travel.

There are also known intensive two-way roads consisting of two one-way traffic carriageways in opposite directions (Patents No. CN 1467342 A, JPH 11323804 A and CN 204551157 U). A dividing strip is laid between the carriageways, and roadsides (sidewalks) are laid outside the carriageways. At the intersections of these roads, one-, two- and higher-level intersections are used. The capacity of this type of road is higher, and traffic is safer when multi-level intersections are built at their intersections. Unfortunately, with intensive traffic, traffic jams also form behind these intersections, at the points of convergence of transport flows, unresolved passenger mobility, and logistics of city enterprises.

These roads also have disadvantages, which are listed in points 3, 4 and 5.

An analogue of the invention is a two-way city highway, depicted in patent No. CN204551157 U, class E01C1/02. The city highway consists of two high-speed one-way traffic carriageways in opposite directions, and two lower-speed carriageways are laid out on both sides of them. These carriageways are crossed by a side road at one level. On both sides of the highway, city administration, trade and other buildings are depicted. This city highway is particularly unsafe, traffic jams are expected to form on it, and significant air pollution is emitted. Since it has a one-level intersection, and buildings are built on both sides of the road, which are the main centers of attraction for pedestrians and other road users. Pedestrians and drivers of light vehicles are forced to constantly cross the high-speed traffic flows on this highway. This reduces traffic safety and the throughput of the intersection.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

The objectives of the claimed invention are to create a safe, rational, efficient and environmentally friendly multimodal, multifunctional intensive traffic road for all traffic participants. To create one of the possible logistics solutions for city enterprises. The essence is that, in order to ensure safe, rational, efficient, environmentally friendly traffic, quick accessibility of passenger attraction centers, and solve the logistics problems of city enterprises, a multifunctional express, intensive and safe multimodal two-way road is created, in which the carriageways of the express intensive one-way traffic are laid out from each other at a distance that would accommodate buildings of various purposes (trade, finance, services, recreation, manufacturing enterprises, science, education, administrative institutions); on right-hand traffic roads, the carriageway of the express intensive one-way traffic, intended for driving forward, is laid out on the left side of the road, and the carriageway of the express intensive one-way traffic, intended for driving backward, is laid out on the right side of the road; these carriageways are connected only by right-hand curves and straight low-speed (20-40 km/h) local one-way traffic carriageways with traffic circle mini-intersections, which are also intended for access to companies, passenger drop-off and pick-up points and electric vehicle parking lots; on left-hand traffic roads, the express intensive one-way traffic carriageway, intended for driving forward, is constructed on the right side of the road, and the express intensive one-way traffic carriageway, intended for driving backward, is constructed on the left side of the road; these carriageways are connected only by left-hand curves and straight low-speed (20-40 km/h) local one-way traffic carriageways with traffic circle mini-intersections; For the safety of pedestrians, disabled people and non-motorized transport participants, a two-way path with separate lanes for pedestrians, cyclists and scooters, bicycle and scooter parking spaces, stairs (escalators, elevators) for pedestrians to descend to the first floor has been installed above the local carriageways between the buildings from intersection to intersection; for short-distance passenger mobility, two two-way passenger tram tracks with infrastructure for passengers have been built underground under the pedestrian path; two tracks for freight trams with cargo loading and unloading areas near the buildings of companies have been built on the outer side of the passenger tram tracks, and logistics terminals have been built at the intersections of main roads; for transit - rapid passenger mobility services, the infrastructure necessary for two-way metro train traffic and passenger traffic has been installed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The design of a two-way intensive traffic road, revealing its multifunctional properties, impeccable conditions for traffic safety for all road users, its rationality, passenger mobility, road capacity and environmental friendliness, is shown in Fig. 1/6, 2/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6 and 6/6. The multi-functional and multi-modal road infrastructure is shown in Fig. 5/6 and 6/6.

Fig. 1/6 shows a plan of a two-way intensive traffic road intended for right-hand traffic, in which the one-way intensive fast traffic carriageway 1, intended for driving forward, is laid out on the left side of the road, and the one-way intensive fast traffic carriageway 2, intended for driving backward, is laid out on the right side of the road. A wide strip of land (50-300 m) is left between these carriageways, where various (scientific, cultural, administrative, industrial, commercial and other) structures 3 are built. Exits 7 from one-way intensive fast traffic carriageways 1 and 2, and entrances 11 to one-way intensive fast traffic carriageways 1 and 2 are laid out only with right turns.

For safe and rational access to companies 3, passenger drop-off and pick-up areas 12, electric vehicle parking and battery charging areas 4, local low-speed (20-40 km/h) one-way traffic carriageways without left turns have been constructed, except for mini-roundabouts 9. The spaces 10 between local low-speed one-way traffic carriageways 8 are intended for green spaces, and the spaces 5 and 6, located between buildings 3 and parking lots 4, are intended for green spaces and pedestrian recreation.

Fig. 2/6 shows a plan of a two-way intensive traffic road for left-hand traffic, in which the one-way intensive fast traffic carriageway for forward travel 1 is laid out on the right side of the road, and the one-way intensive fast traffic carriageway 2 for reverse travel is laid out on the left side of the road. Exits 7 from one-way intensive fast traffic carriageways 1 and 2 and entrances 11 to one-way intensive fast traffic carriageways 1 and 2 are laid out only with left turns, except for mini-roundabouts. For safe access to enterprises 3, passenger drop-off and pick-up areas 12, and electric vehicle parking areas 4, local low-speed (20 = 40 km/h) one-way traffic carriageways without right turns are laid out, except for mini-roundabouts 9.

Fig. 3/6 (cross-section A-A) shows a special path 13 raised from the ground for safe traffic of pedestrians (disabled), cyclists and scooters, which is laid between structures 3 along the road from intersection to intersection. It consists of a frame 14, stairs (escalators) 21 and 22 for pedestrians, cyclists and scooters. The path has separate lanes for moving forward 17 for pedestrians (disabled), 18 for cyclists, 20 for scooters, and corresponding lanes 25 for pedestrians (disabled), 24 for cyclists and 23 for scooters to return. Stairs (escalators) 22 and 21, and an elevator 29 for the disabled are provided for passengers in these lanes (Fig. 4/6). Parking spaces for bicycles 16 and 26, and scooters 19 and 27 are provided near the stairs. A canopy 28 is provided to protect road users from adverse weather conditions.

Fig. 4/6 shows a plan view of the path. Path for pedestrians and the disabled 17, path for cyclists 18, path for scooters 20 to travel forward, parking spaces for bicycles 16, parking spaces for scooters 19, elevator for the disabled 29, stairs 21 and 22 to the first floor, parking spaces for scooters 27, parking spaces for bicycles 26, path for pedestrians back 25, path for cyclists back 24, path for scooter traffic back 23.

Fig. 5/6 shows a multimodal and multifunctional part of a busy two-way traffic road, consisting of a special path 13 for pedestrians, cyclists and scooters with infrastructure shown in Figs. 3/6 and 4/6, two tracks 35 and 42 for passenger trams 34 and 43 in opposite directions, laid underground along the road, adjacent to them on the outside, two tracks 33 and 44 for freight trams 30 and 45 in opposite directions, lifts 46 for cargo (containers) 31 and 47, escalators 41, an underground floor 48, a second underground tunnel 36, two tracks 38 and 39 for metro trains 37 and 40.

Fig. 6/6 shows a longitudinal section of the road (D-D) through the axis of symmetry of the road, showing a path 13 for pedestrians, cyclists and scooter drivers with a canopy 28, stairs (escalator) 22 connecting the pedestrian path with the road horizon, a tram 43 track 42, a tram power grid 49, stairs (escalator) 41 for passengers to access the tram stop, a metro train 40 and a metro track 39. Since metro train stations are less common than tram stops, the metro station is not shown in this figure.

DATA DESCRIBING THE INVENTION

Fig. 1/6 shows a two-way intensive expressway right-hand traffic hybrid road, where the intensive expressway one-way traffic carriageways 1 and 2 are connected to each other and to systematically arranged structures by local low-speed carriageways 7, 8, 9 and 11. In order to ensure safe and rational traffic, the maximum driving speed on the first lane of the motorway, which is intended only for changing lanes, is recommended to be 50 km/h, on the second - 60 km/h, on the third - 80 km/h, and on the others 100 km/h. On local carriageways, the recommended driving speed is 20-40 km/h.

Traffic flows as follows. A driver, driving on a highway and intending to approach the company he needs, changes lanes to the first lane and, having reduced speed, turns right into the local low-speed lane 7 and carriageway 8. If it is necessary to drop off or pick up a passenger, the driver may stop in the first lane of this carriageway at the designated Forward lane 12. The driver may turn right into parking space 4 or turn right into the opposite expressway carriageway and drive back. If the driver needs to drive further forward, he may, after dropping off passengers at the nearest drop-off point 12, turn around at the traffic circle at the mini-intersection 9 and turn right into the expressway carriageway of the same direction. If the driver and passengers arrive at any company, then the driver enters the parking space 4 and, together with the passengers, can safely enter the desired company 3 via the pedestrian path 6.

As can be seen from the described traffic order, this road can be driven in any desired direction without making a very dangerous left turn that reduces traffic safety and road capacity. It is also particularly important that the trajectories of transport and pedestrian traffic do not intersect on this road.

A road with similar infrastructure, designed for left-hand traffic, is shown in Fig. 2/6. The recommended driving speeds and traffic order are similar to those described.

A reasonable question may arise: How can pedestrians access the adjacent business located behind the traffic circle at mini-intersection 9?

For safe pedestrian, disabled, cyclist and scooter traffic, a special pedestrian path 13 (Fig. 3/6 and 4/6) is laid out in the longitudinal direction of the road from intersection to intersection above the local carriageways, between buildings 3. Pedestrians can access this path by stairs (escalators) 21 and 22, and disabled people - by elevators 29. According to the direction of traffic, the path is divided into two parts - the right one is intended for forward traffic, and the left one is for reverse traffic. Both parts of the path have three traffic lanes. The right lane 17 and 25 of each part is intended for pedestrians, the middle lane 18 and 24 - for cyclists, and the left lane 20 and 23 for scooters. At each staircase there are spaces 16 and 26 for bicycles, and 19 and 27 for scooters. The right staircase (escalator) is used by pedestrians and cyclists, and the left staircase is used by scooters. Cyclists and scooters, having entered the pedestrian path and rented a selected vehicle, can travel the selected distance. Upon arrival at the designated place, they leave the vehicle in the designated place. The pedestrian path has no intersections, different traffic lanes are separated, so traffic on it is safe.

companies and other passenger attraction centers, form large passenger and freight flows. To service larger passenger flows and logistics services of companies, four tracks with infrastructure for passenger and freight tram traffic are installed underground under the pedestrian walkway, along the road (Fig. 5/6 and 6/6). Passengers can easily and safely enter the tram from the pedestrian walkway, companies, passenger disembarkation points and also safely and conveniently return to them.

Freight trams run behind passenger trams, so they do not interfere with passenger traffic. The delivered cargo is unloaded by loaders at a specially prepared site by the company, who then load the tram with the company's prepared products. In addition, the freight tram can also be used to remove company waste. Therefore, the freight tram not only reduces the traffic of freight cars on the highway and the pollution they emit, but can completely eliminate their traffic, with the exception of special equipment for emergency medical services, firefighting and street maintenance.

The logistics of trade and service companies located in residential neighborhoods can also be addressed using the described logistics model for companies located on the highway.

For transit service of large passenger flows, a tunnel with the infrastructure required for metro trains and rapid passenger transport has been installed under the tramway in the second basement. Since metro train stops only coincide with repeated tram stops and highway intersections, these images only show the metro tunnel with the road and carriages in the space between the metro stops.

These underground spaces serve not only passenger mobility and company logistics, but they are also very convenient, rational, and safe for installing company engineering networks (electricity, water supply, sewage, communications), storage facilities, and even passenger safety spaces.

From the presented two-way road infrastructure and its usage possibilities, it can be concluded that a two-way road is:

- intensive express traffic, because it rationally deploys companies and other passenger attraction centers that can be easily accessed via the nearest road;

- safe traffic and high throughput, as it does not intersect with different modes of transport or the trajectories of vehicle and pedestrian traffic;

- environmentally friendly, because the underground tram not only rationally solves passenger transportation and the logistics problem of companies, but also reduces or even eliminates freight traffic, congestion and the environmental pollution they cause;

- multimodal, because it creates rational conditions for the traffic of various transport modules, which improves passenger mobility;

- rational multifunctional, because it has created rational passenger transport and enterprise logistics systems, and created conditions for rational shelters for residents in cases of crisis and for enterprise engineering networks.

Claims (7)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION 1. A two-way main road, intended for right-hand traffic on the carriageway, consisting of two opposite-direction traffic carriageways (1,2), roadsides, characterized in that the one-way high-speed intensive traffic carriageway of the two-way main road, intended for forward traffic, is laid out on the left side of the road, and the other carriageway, intended for reverse traffic, is laid out on the right side of the road, so that between these opposite-direction carriageways (1,2) there is a strip of land from 50 to 300 meters wide, which houses buildings of enterprises, administrative, financial, industrial, commercial, scientific, sports, recreational and other types of urban mass attraction centers of various purposes (3); wherein said strip of land includes more than one segment, wherein each segment includes buildings and is surrounded by a one-way low-speed road (8) connecting (7) with the carriageways (1,2) of both directions of the main road, wherein the one-way low-speed road (7) surrounding each segment is equipped with accesses to passenger boarding and disembarking points (12) and parking lots (4) in that segment, and between adjacent segments of the strip of land are provided circular connections (9) connecting the one-way low-speed roads (8) surrounding those adjacent segments. 2. A two-way main road, intended for left-hand traffic in the carriageway, consisting of two opposite-direction carriageways (1, 2), roadsides, characterized in that the one-way high-speed intensive traffic carriageway of the two-way main road, intended for forward travel, is laid out on the right side of the road, and the other carriageway, intended for reverse travel, is laid out on the left side of the road so that between these opposite-direction carriageways (1, 2) there is a strip of land from 50 to 300 meters wide, in which buildings of enterprises, administrative, financial, industrial, commercial, scientific, sports, recreational and other types of various-purpose urban mass attraction centers are placed (3), where the said strip of land includes more than one segment, where each segment includes buildings and is surrounded by a one-way low-speed road (8) connecting (7) with both directions of the main road carriageways (1,2), where the one-way low-speed road (8) surrounding each segment is equipped with accesses to passenger boarding and disembarking points (12) and parking lots (4), and between adjacent segments of the land strip are equipped with circular connections (9), connecting the one-way low-speed roads (8) surrounding those adjacent segments. 3. A highway according to claims 1.2, characterized in that any segment of the land strip includes the local transport infrastructure (6) located therein, connecting passenger boarding and disembarking points (12), parking lots (4) and buildings (3) of that segment. 4. A highway according to claims 1,2, characterized in that along the carriageways (1, 2) of the highway, between the rows of segment buildings (3) and above the one-way roads (8) surrounding the segments, a pedestrian and bicycle path (13) with guardrails or walls and a canopy (28) is laid out, comprising more than one mutually separated track, where at least one track is intended for pedestrians and disabled people (17, 25), cyclists (18, 24) and scooters (10, 23) in each of the opposite directions, and stairs and/or escalators are installed at each building (3) or group of buildings (3) from this pedestrian and bicycle path (13), as well as entrances to these buildings (3). 5. A highway according to claims 1, 2, 3, characterized in that two tracks (35, 42) with infrastructure are constructed underground along the carriageways (1, 2) of the highway, intended for two-way passenger tram (34, 43) traffic. 6. A highway according to claim 5, characterized in that, next to the underground passenger tram tracks (35, 42), two underground tracks (33, 44) for the traffic of freight trams (30, 45) are constructed on both sides and stops are installed at the structures (3) with platforms for freight and loading equipment. 7. A highway according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that a second underground tunnel (36) is installed along the carriageways (1, 2) of the highway, in which two pairs of metro train (37, 40) tracks (38, 39) are laid with metro train passenger stations (40).