KR950032994A - 배기를 촉매처리하기 위한 촉매변환기 - Google Patents

배기를 촉매처리하기 위한 촉매변환기 Download PDF

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KR950032994A
KR950032994A KR1019950008837A KR19950008837A KR950032994A KR 950032994 A KR950032994 A KR 950032994A KR 1019950008837 A KR1019950008837 A KR 1019950008837A KR 19950008837 A KR19950008837 A KR 19950008837A KR 950032994 A KR950032994 A KR 950032994A
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sheet
catalytic converter
metal members
sheet metal
inlet
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KR1019950008837A
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KR100351573B1 (ko
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데. 스테내케르스 피터
페.데.에프. 페티트쟌 프레데릭
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게오르그 메쓰머, 페터그프
스캠비아 인더스트리얼 디벨로프먼츠 악티엔게젤샤프트
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
    • F01N2330/04—Methods of manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/32—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details characterised by the shape, form or number of corrugations of plates, sheets or foils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/20—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by mechanical joints, e.g. by deforming housing, tube, baffle plate or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/22—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by welding or brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/28—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by using adhesive material, e.g. cement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/10—Tubes having non-circular cross section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 하우징(203)과 입구(207) 및 출구(208)를 갖고 배기를 촉매처리하기 위한 촉매변환기(201)에 관한것이며, 하우징(203)은 적어도 2묶음 이상에 판굼부재를 갖는 촉매수단(201)을 갖고 있고 입구(207)는 묶음들의 사이에 있는 내부공동(221)속으로 이어지며 그 오리피스에서의 단면적과 단면형태가 상기 내부공동(221)과 같고, 상기 내부공동을 상기 입구(437)로 부터 멀어질수록 단면적이 감소하는 적어도 하나 이상의 자유영역을 가지며, 상기 출구(208)는 상기 하우징(203)의 내면구역들과 상기 촉매수단(440)의 사이에 있는 외부공동(222)에 연결되어 있고, 각각의 묶음의 판금부재들은 내부공동(221)으로부터 외부공동(222)으로 서로 다른 방향으로 이어지는 통로(217)들의 경계를 이루며, 이는 그 것을 이용가능한 공간에 알맞은 하우징(203)의 형태에 적합하게 하고, 또한 그러한 촉매변환기(201)는 유동특성과 냉간시동특성이 양호하며 생산비용이 저렴해질 수 있다.

Description

배기를 촉매처리하기 위한 촉매변환기
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 촉매수단이 Ⅴ자형으로 배열되고 각각의 일군의 통로를 갖는 두개의 촉매지지부를 갖는 것인 촉매변환기의 종단면도, 제4도는 제1도 내지 제3도에서 도시된 촉매변환기의 촉매수단의 촉매지지부의 사시도, 제5도는 서로 평행한 두개의 촉매지지부를 갖는 촉매변환기의 종단면도, 제7도는 촉매수단이 두개의 통로군을 갖는 또 다른 촉매변환기의 종단면도, 제11도는 또다른 촉매변환기의 종단면도, 제13도는 촉매수단이 세개의 통로군을 갖는 또다른 촉매변환기의 일부를 도시한 사시도.

Claims (18)

  1. 배기의 촉매처리(the catalytic treatment of exhaust gas)를 위한 것으로서, 하우징(203,233,263,293,303,363,403,433;a housing)과 그 안에 배열된 촉매수단(210,240,270,295,310,370,410,440)을 갖고, 상기 하우징(203,233,263,293,303,363,403,433)의 적어도 일부와 상기 촉매수단(210,240,270,295,310,370,410,440)의 사이에 들어 있는 외부공동(222,252,322,382,422,452; an outer cavity)과 상기 촉매수단(210,240,270,295,310,370,410,440)의 영역(regions)들의 사이에 적어도 부분적으로 들어 있는 내부공동(221,251,281,321,381,421,451;an inner cavity)이 존재하며, 상기 촉매수단(210,240,270,295,310,370,410,440)은 상기 내부공동(221,251,281,321,381,421,451)으로부터 상기 외부공동(222,252,322,382,422,452)으로 안내하는 통로(217,247,277,317,417,447,447;passages)를 둘러싸는 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474;sheet metal members)들을 갖고, 상기 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474)들의 인접한 각각의 쌍중에서 적어도 하나의 판금부재(213,443,473)들은 돌기(protuberances)들을 갖는 것인, 촉매변환기(catalytic converter)에 있어서, 상기 촉매수단(210,240,270,295,310,440)은 적어도 두 묶음이상의 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474;at lesat two packets of sheet metal members) 들을 갖고, 동일한 묶음에 속하는 상기 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474)는 상기 판금부재들에 대해 성형(modeling)하는 평행한 밀착평면(parallel osculating planes)들을 한정(defining)하며, 여러 묶음들로 둘러싸인 상기 통로(217,247,277,317,417,447,447)들은 상기 내부공동(221,251,281,321,381,421,451)으로부터 서로 다른쪽으로 멀어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매변환기.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 통로(217,247,277,317,347,377,417,447,447)들의 단부들 중에서 적어도 상기 외부공동(222,252,322,382,422,452)속으로 이어지는 단부들에서는 여러 묶음의 상기 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474)들이 동일한 묶음에 속하는 인접하는 판금부재(213,214,443,474)들간의 거리보다 충분히 큰 거리만큼 이격된 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  3. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 동일한 묶음에 속하는 판금부재(213,214,443,474)들이 밀착평면들에서 서로 접촉(touching)하는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  4. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 각각의 묶음이 돌기들을 갖는 제1판금부재(213,443,474)들과 평판금부재인 제2판금부재(214,474)를 교대로 갖고 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  5. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 돌기들이 파형(213b;waves)들로 형성되고, 동일한 판금부재(213,443)에 속하는 상기 파형(213b)은 서로 평행한 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  6. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 각각의 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474)가 관련된 밀착평면에 대해 직각을 이루는 돌출부(a projection)에서 서로 평행하고, 반듯한 두개의 가장자리들을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  7. 제6항에 있어서, 상기 돌출부에서 각각의 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474)는 사변형이고 또한 서로에 대해 평행한 또다른 반듯한 두개의 가장자리를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  8. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 여러 묶음의 판금부재들은 상기 내부공동(281,321,381,421,451)의 경계를 이루는 내면(271a,311d,371d,411d,411d)들을 갖고, 그러한 내면들은 상기 내부공동(281,321,381,421,451)을 틈이 없이 완전히 둘러싸는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  9. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 각각의 묶음의 판금부재(213,214)들이 상기 내부공동(221,251)의 경계를 이루는 평평한 내면(211d,241d)과, 그러한 내면에 대해 평행하고 상기 외부공동(222,252)의 경계를 이루는 외면(221c,241c)을 갖고, 상기 통로(217,247)는 상기 내면(211d,241d)에 있는 오리피스(orifice)와 상기 외면(211c,241c)에 있는 오리피스를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  10. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 촉매수단(381,410,440)은 상기 내부공동(381,421,451)의 경계를 이루는 적어도 3묶음이상의 판금부재(443)들을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  11. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 내부공동(221,251,281,321,381,421,451)속으로 이어지는 입구(207,237,267,307,437;an inlet)와 상기 외부공동(222,252,282,322,382,422,452)에 연결된 외부공간(an inner space)을 갖는 출구(208,308,368,308,430; an outlet)가 존재하고, 상기 내부공동(221,251,281,321,381,421,451)은 상기 촉매수단(210,240,270,295,310,340,370,410,440)의 경계를 이루는 적어도 하나 이상의 자유영역(at least one free region)을 갖고 그 단면크기가 상기 입구(207,237,267,307,437)로부터 멀어질수록 감소하며, 상기 입구(207,237,267,307,437)의 내부공간은 상기 내부공동(221,251,281,321,351,381,421,451)속으로 이어지는 오리피스에서 상기 내부공동(221,251,281,321,351,381,421,451)과 거의 동일한 단면형태와 거의 동일한 단면형태와 거의 동일한 단면크기를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매변환기.
  12. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 내부공간(221,251,281,321,351,381,421,451)의 단면크기나 자유영역은 상기 입구(207,237,267,307,437)로부터 멀어지는 방향으로 크기가 상기 입구(207,237,267,307,437)로부터 멀어질수록 선형적으로 감소하는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  13. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 입구(207)의 내부공간과 상기 내부공동(221)은 상기 내부공간속으로 이어지는 상기 입구(207)의 상기 내부공간의 오리피스에서의 단면에서 다각형을 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  14. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 입구(267,307,437)의 내부공간과 상기 내부공동(281,321,381,421,451)은 상기 내부공간속으로 이어지는 상기 입구(267,307,437)의 오리피스에서의 단면에서 원형인 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  15. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 여러 묶음의 판금부재가 상기 내부공동(221,281,451)의 경계를 이루고 상기 입구(207,267,437)로부터 멀어질수록 서로 접근하는 내면(211d,271d,411d)을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  16. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 촉매수단(240,310,370,410)이 하나의 축(232,302,362,402; an axis)을 한정하고, 상기 판금부재의 묶음들은 상기 축에 대해 평행하고 상기 내부공동(251,321,381,421)의 경계를 이루는 내면(241d,311d,371d,411d)들을 가지며, 경계부재(250,320,380,420; a bounding element)가 상기 내부공동(251,321,381,421)속에 배열되고 그것에 대면하는 상기 내면(241d,311d,371d,411d)과 함께 상기 내부공동(251,321,381,421)의 적어도 하나 이상의 자유영역을 둘러싸고, 상기 경계부재(250,320,380,420)는 상기 입구(237,307)로부터 멀어질수록 상기 내면(241d,311d,371d,411d)에 접근하는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  17. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 하우징(433)은 벽(a wall)을 갖고, 상기 하우징(433)의 벽에 대해 견고하고 밀접하게 연결되고 상기 하우징(433)에 의해 둘러싸인 내부공간속으로 돌출한 소켓(a socket)이 존재하며, 상기 촉매수단(440)은 상기 소켓에 대해 조여져서 상기 하우징(433)의 벽으로부터 여러방향으로 이격되어 있고, 상기 입구(437)가 상기 내부공동(451)속으로 이어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
  18. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474)가 촉매작용상의 활성물질을 함유한 코팅을 갖고, 각각의 판금부재(213,214,443,473,474)가 또 다른 각각의 판금부재(213,214,443,473)의 평행한 유지구역(213e,213f,214e,214f,473e; a flat retaining section)에 대해서나 유지수단의 부재(251,475)에 대해서 얹혀 있는 적어도 하나 이상의 평평한 유지구역(213e,213f,214e,214f,473e)과 서로 얹혀있는 부재(215,475)들이 서로에 대해 견고히 연결되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 촉매 변환기.
    ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019950008837A 1994-04-11 1995-04-11 배기가스의촉매처리용촉매변환기 KR100351573B1 (ko)

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