KR940006018B1 - Process and device for separating heavy admixtures from grain - Google Patents

Abstract

No content.

Description

Method and apparatus for sorting heavy mixtures from grain material

[Brief Description of Drawings]

1 is a very simple form of stone sorter with a small workbench.

Figure 2 shows the supply of products to stratified workbenches.

FIG. 3 is the same solution as FIG. 1, but has two working surface surfaces, especially for penetrating many products.

4 is a solution according to FIG. 1 but has a circulation air passage.

5 is a solution according to FIG. 3 but is equipped with a circulation air passage.

6 is the same as FIG. 5 with a circulating air separator.

7 is a solution similar to that of FIG. 3, in addition to sorting stones, two additional heavy components are formed.

8 is a variation of FIG.

9 is where the stones are collected on the surface of the stratified workbench.

FIG. 10 is a facility similar to FIGS. 3, 7, and 8, and is provided with a circulating air passage through the box.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: sorting machine 2: drawing machine

3: stratified work platform 4: outlet

5: cover 6: suction filter

7: vibrating body 8: vibration generator

9: spring 10: base

11: bottom 12: tofu

13: air suction pipe 14: air volume control plate

15: variable sleeve 16: spilled corner

17: distribution box 18: stop plate

19: induction plate 20: material fluid

21: grating 22: fine plate

23: blank 24: purifying body

25: weight layer 26: light weight layer

27: third layer 28: stone

29: heavy grain 30: shell portion

31: air fluid 32: flow direction change

33: reverse air conduction 34: tin plate

35: tilt control device 40: discharge port

41: control plate 42: guide plate

43: product outlet 44: discharge passage

45: stone outlet 50: closed box

51: upper exhaust chamber 52: lower intake chamber

53: circulation air passage 54: variable sleeve

55: backflow airway pipe 56: air volume control plate

57: product passage 60: circulating air separator

61: suction ventilation device 62: motor propulsion device

64 dust exhaust pipe 65 separation pipe

66: ceiling ceiling 71: outlet

72: chute 80: where the stone gathering

81: groove 82: arrow of the slowly flowing layer

83: arrow of fast flowing layer 84: stone through hole

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for sorting out particularly heavy mixtures from stones, such as stones, in which the grain material is fed onto a stratified workbench and inclined in a layered state, through which air flows and vibrates. It will pass through the surface of the stratification platform. Thus, heavy mixtures that rise directly above the stratification platform are sent to the upper side of the stratification platform and separated and discharged at the upper end of the stratification platform.

Conventionally, there have been various attempts to classify grain mixtures into heavy grains and light grains.

The key issue here is the sorting of stones from grain material. Stones of different sizes and grains, such as glass, metal, and other mixtures, are also sifted.

As you know, not only are they belonging to the same grain family, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, and spelled wheat, but also seeds such as coffee beans, cocoa beans, wild beans, seeds, and flower seeds are relatively more in appearance and size than spectrum size. Adjacent.

Therefore, using a sieve with a constant size of holes, foreign substances of different sizes can be easily separated. However, the challenge is to sort out and separate foreign matters of similar size to high-quality grain material.

Conventionally, tanks were often used, in which all of the heavier material components than the grain material settled to the bottom of the tank.

Gravitational effects and buoyancy of water were used here. In addition, the effect of washing the grain material at the same time was considered the main feature of this method. However, due to the washing water to be supplied and in part due to the bacteriological problems caused in this regard, for many years this method has been almost completely replaced by the so-called dry purification method.

In the dry refining process, because of the strong flow of air over the surface of the stratified workbench in vibrating conditions, there is essentially a floating effect similar to that in the wash water.

Indeed, in the last two decades, the same type of stone screening method has already been proposed by the inventors, most often at least where very high screening levels are required (see DE-PS 1 913 707).

Here, the preliminary stratification is first performed along the preliminary stratification path. That is, the heavier mixtures settle in advance when they are close to the strata platform. At the same time, a lightly spaced layer on the surface of the stratified workbench is directed to the distal end of the inclined state, or to allow light fragments to be properly released than the variable cloud.

Mixtures on the surface of the stratified platform are moved in the direction of the upper end of the stratified platform by vibratory and propulsive movements of the surface of the platform, where the stone is completely separated from the end separation zone and discharged through the corresponding outlet.

The main drawback of this existing solution is the specially required triangular stratification platform, which has a limited increase in material penetration. Since then, several other solutions have been tried, but they have not been conclusively effective. In most cases, it did not affect the quality that would appear as the screening method presented in the solution mentioned at the outset. So I tried to operate two workbenches that were placed up and down in various ways, where the upper workbench is multi-faceted and stratified, as shown in DE-OS 25 33 274. In such a solution, a fundamentally complete stone sorting, i.e. nearly 100% of stone sorting, can be achieved only when additional measures are taken by installing special structures.

In GB-PS 1 536 905 a grain separator is presented, in which air is flowed through a ventilator installed under a pile of sloped and perforated material. In addition to the ventilation system, the case containing the whole separator is firmly installed so that only the worktable can be moved. Here, a conventional air circulation system has been disclosed, but from the point of view of the premise, the pressure in each case cross section has always been a problem. In particular, the so-called wrong air problem could not be solved.

In conclusion, air induction remains a problem in conventional mixed grain separation methods, especially in heavy material sorting methods, which does not interfere with each other, including material and air supply, in the case of exceptionally high quality sorting. Material and air induction are only possible under the constraint that penetration is improved.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for sorting heavy mixtures, in particular new stone sorting methods and apparatus for implementing the method, or to provide a dry weight sorting system in which more penetration can be achieved.

This problem is solved by feeding the material layer separation zone at the upper end of the stratification platform as fluid spreads as wide as possible in the proper way. Practical first attempts at this new invention idea have shown surprising effects in two ways.

Firstly, the selectivity was unexpectedly high,

Secondly, the present inventors selected a supply point as it was, which had been considered wrong by all the convictions reviewed in the prior art.

Nevertheless, the desired effect appeared at first.

In terms of the idea of pre-separation (see DE-PS 1 913 707), so far we have considered a two-step method that is divided into space and time.

The stratification takes place in the first stage, where all heavy mixtures are contained before reaching the stratification platform. As a result, in the next step, the pre-layers that were guided through the passages had to be sent to the work surface without any problems, and the stones had to be sent to the stone outlet. Only at the upper end of the sorting bench did the effective separation take place and the stone was separated and discharged. Typically, heavy mixtures contain only a few percent of the grain material, so that the size of the final separation zone (the tip of the triangle) is the smallest. The reason is that only a small amount of the total product is delivered by then. The final separation zone or workbench slope is misadjusted-in this case too much grain material can reach it. If air flow was chosen adversely in terms of location, poor stone sorting or high quality grain was withdrawn from the stone. Thus, the TJ final separation zone has always been a point of special supervision. With a totally contradictory idea, you would have tried to pour a large amount of fresh grain from the stone separation area onto the workbench.

Every time a failure appeared at this point, it immediately appeared that the working method of the screening platform had deteriorated.

The present inventor,

-Preliminary separation will be necessary.

Time and route are required until the heavy mixture is separated.

In the view that any small boulder has the greatest separation opportunities, time and path are required while moving the product over a larger range of workbenches.

By deviating from all the conventional concepts and the unchanged natural law derived from it, I was able to realize new ideas without any burden by thinking freely. This idea is particularly relevant to:

The material supply consists of a material fluid with as much area as possible.

This material fluid is sent directly to the separation zone at the end of the upper workbench.

The stratification platform should be constructed so that the heavy mixture in the lower part is sent to the bottom of the bench and should be run on a good stratification bench.

In this way, the product is sent to the upper end of the workbench so that most of the heavy mixture remains within the separation zone. However, if this heavy mixture comes off slightly downwards, it moves upwards again with greater certainty than in all conventional solutions.

Still, there remains a problem, which is to properly adjust the air volume and the platform tilt to keep the final separation zone clean and to achieve maximum working methods.

In the present invention, a very good assumption can be obtained for a simple and practical maximization, which results in the final separation as much as possible without creating unnecessary layer thicknesses by creating a wide spread material fluid.

New forms of invention are now possible with other forms of particular advantage. Thus, a uniform stratified fluid on the stratified platform (heavy above the bench and light below the bench) is very good and at the same time the flow direction is switched at the top end of the stratified platform, and the product fluid is directly directed Supplied. Here the direction of flow for light components is carried out according to the conventional method, in which the light components rise upwards from the surface of the work platform, as the upper part of the work platform also flows through. It also works almost as if it were blower and air bomber, allowing air to flow above the separation zone and below the workbench, preventing the layers of product, excluding stones, from continuing to float above the workbench (see Figure 2).

In another very well-formed form, the material is first fed to the highest vibrating bench, with some of the heavy material consisting of a mixture of heavy grain and stone flowing upwards of the bench into the upper end of the first bench. The heavy material component is fed to the upper end of the lower second stratified work surface below the first work platform through which the same air flows. In this way, about half the penetration can be released, ie almost 100% of all heavy mixtures are released onto the lower workbench in heavy strata.

The fundamental separation of the heaviest mixture to be separated is carried out here on the lower workbench. In this way the penetration of the material can be made in duplicate in one installation with the same amount of air, furthermore no loss in terms of separation quality. In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the material moves upwards in the upper stratification platform compared to the lower stratification platform, which is the heaviest portion of the material, and then the heaviest portion is moved below the upper stratification platform. It is supplied to the lower side or lower part of the lower stratification platform. This has the advantage of separating the stone into two stages, both temporally and spatially. The product fluid is very advantageously supplied over an induction grid installed at regular intervals on the work surface.

This has the advantage that the product fluid is sent over the entire surface of the stratification platform. Further, the supply of product fluids is limited to be in the flow direction of the light grain bed (or vice versa). In other forms of good practice of the invention, heavy grains floating above the workbench send the flow direction to the separation zone to separate the heaviest mixture (stones) from the grains of some form. This has the advantage of preventing light components or grains from moving upwards with the heavy mixture on the workbench. In another form, which is very advantageous in this way, a backflow of air flows between the guide plate and the stratified working platform. This method makes it very easy to flow the air, which separates the heavy and light of the grain.

In another method, which is advantageous to this method, at least one stratified work platform vibrates with the wall plate installed in the work platform to circulate air while controlling and controlling the intake and exhaust. This has the advantage that the entire system has a self-cleaning effect.

In other words, as the pile of grain moves, the dust on the edges keeps falling off. As a result, time-consuming purification can be omitted. In this way, the case in which the flow path is not changed by the components fixed in the cross section does not occur, so that the same flow state can always be ensured.

As long as the individual parts are installed in a wall plate (constant case) and the wall plate can vibrate together as a whole, the material continues to vibrate as it is fed over the workbench. By simultaneously vibrating the workbench with the material distribution device, it is possible to spread the material in a radically veil-like manner over the stratified workbench to be necessary for the separation process.

In addition, since the parts necessary for the separating workbench are made in the same form in the wallboard, the sealing problem, which can be a disadvantage of the technical level, can be solved. In another embodiment, which performed very well, the wallboard constitutes a crate supported to vibrate with the stratification platform, which vibrates with the stratification platform. The idea of another very good embodiment is that the material is fed as widely as possible into the separation zone of the material layer at the upper end of the workbench, and the air is fed wider from the lower workbench and discharged to the upper center of the workbench. There is.

This has the advantage that the air is supplied evenly over the entire workbench from the bottom in the same way from the beginning. It is also possible to flow the air in the box, with little undesirable vortex of air. The compact, refined structure and the necessary vibrations are transmitted to all components, allowing the wallboard to be sealed in a very simple way while keeping the individual functions separate from each other. In another embodiment in which this method is advantageously used, the air is purified by dusting off the upper part of the central exhaust port and the lower intake port. This purifies the flow air at a very advantageous point in time, at which point an undesired vortex is formed by the purge exhaust, which does not cause an obstacle to the air fluid acting on the workbench.

In another well-executed example, the material is sent to a hamper-shaped groove (where stones and materials enter) on the upper stratification platform, where the heavy grains that reach the groove pass through the bottom hole of the groove and then in the opposite direction. It is sent through the sloped runway, like the upper stratification platform, to the center bottom of the lower stratification platform, while the light components flowing in the flow direction from the embossed groove of the upper stratification platform are sent to the light grain outlet.

This method has the advantage that the heavy strata can continuously sink to the complete rock pool and be transported directly downwards. This results in very high selectivity for very heavy mixtures and can also be separated in the purge state with an additional minimal excess expenditure. In another very preferred embodiment, the stratified workbench is provided with a vibrating exhaust cover and a stop plate mounted thereon, wherein the material is fed through an inlet in the stop plate, and vibrates with the exhaust cover via a light sleeve. It flows into the distribution box of the supply passageway, from the distribution box and through the guide plate to the waterfall type.

This results in an equally large flow rate drop across the stride platform.

The present invention also relates to a device for separating and sorting heavy mixtures from product fluids, in particular having a vibrating vibrating body at the upper end of the upper workbench and supplying the product fluids to an inclined stratified working platform where air can flow through and vibrate. It is a device that separates and sorts stones from grain materials by using such a supply passage.

In order to fit the type of tasks mentioned in the above description of the method, the supply passage is solved by leading to a higher end of the workbench. The first findings with the new device were surprisingly good. This is because, at the same selectivity and the same air consumption, the material flow could be partially increased by more than 50%. It also eliminates the cost of manufacturing new equipment. In an excellent embodiment of this apparatus, the supply passage is constructed over the entire width of the stratified work platform. This has the advantage that the material to be separated can be stacked in large and large layers.

In a very good embodiment, there is an induction iron plate provided at regular intervals on the stratified working platform where the supply passage is opened. This guide plate has the advantage of uniformly distributing the layered material onto the stratification platform and at the same time using airflow controls on the underside. In another preferred embodiment, there are distribution boxes and guide plates in the feed passages, which are used for the flow of feed products and are cascaded so that the fluid falls evenly over the entire width of the stratification platform.

In a very good embodiment, the guide plate has an outlet edge and a lower opening at its end in the flow direction, which forms a material fluid with a majority of material flowing over the stratification platform and a lower opening with a heavy mixture. It is made to be released through. Using these outlet edges, the product fluid can spread very widely. This is because the portion of the paper-shaped portion in front of the outflow edge is constructed over the entire width, and then the uniform fluid supplied to the portion of the paper-like portion flows down gradually into the stratified working platform below.

In another preferred embodiment, there is an end separation zone used for sorting stones between the guide plate and the surface of the stratification platform. For greater penetration, two stratification platforms vibrating together can be arranged directly up and down side by side so that the same air flows through.

The lower stratification platform is advantageously equipped with a propulsion device larger than the upper stratification platform in the upward direction, where the surface is rougher than the surface of the upper stratification platform. Because of this, the upper stratified workbench is very advantageously used as a preliminary stratified workbench. It is also advantageous if the upper stratified work platform consists of an outlet through which grain is fed to the lower stratified workbench as a feed passage at its upper end. The heaviest material is thus sent directly to the upper end of the lower workbench. In order to distribute the material evenly on the lower stratified platform, the feed passage used for the lower stratified workbench is very advantageous over the entire width of the upper stratified workbench. Both stratification platforms are advantageous because the upper stratification platforms are installed to feed well to the upper end of the lower stratification platforms.

In this way, it is possible to ensure that most of the material to be separated is supplied at the lower strat point, where good separation is not expected. It is very advantageous if at least one stratified workbench is installed to circulate air and be part of a vibrating box with the workbench.

This has the advantage of vibrating not only the stratified workbench but also the box associated with it. This also creates a self-cleaning effect, which can cause dirt particles that were attached to the plant to run off. The entire system can also be installed without the sealing problems that often occur in boxes. This is because the system invented is sealed to the outside so that the air can be adjusted as intended inside. If the system in the box is not sealed to outside air, additional air may be generated that may interfere with the overall air control system.

In addition, there is an advantage that the air can be introduced in advance from the lower part of the workbench to the lower part of the whole workbench. Therefore, as a whole, it is possible to supply the product maximally in a wide spread state while simultaneously supplying maximal air while the product supply and air supply do not interfere with each other. In the preferred embodiment of this device, the material supply is part of the box. In this way, the material supply vibrates with the box and by this vibrating movement, the material is already scattered before it reaches the worktable where it vibrates, forming a so-called bale, so that the material does not pile up on the worktable. This bale shape ensures a very wide distribution on the workbench.

In addition, when purifying at the same time based on vibrational motion, purifying the material feed together can be expected. In another preferred embodiment, there is an intake chamber in the box and a circulation air passage separate from the intake chamber, which is collected at the lower end of at least one stratified work platform. This makes it possible to increase the size of the intake chamber as well as the circulating air supply passage without narrowing strongly to cause undesirable vortex or other adverse flow effects.

The entire air fluid can pass through the workbench in the box without any obstruction, and can evenly penetrate the box uniformly to the width of the entire workbench, especially within the width of the bottom surface of the lower workbench.

In still another excellent embodiment of the present apparatus, the following is provided on the upper surface of the box. That is, a material inlet is installed at one end surface, an exhaust plate is installed at the middle portion, and a backflow air conduit for the circulation air passage is installed at the opposite end surface. This allows the central air to circulate through each stratification platform in good flow conditions, which is not expected to impede fluidity by the material supplied. Nevertheless, since the material is supplied from the side, the material to be supplied can be fed to the center of the stratified stratified working platform. In addition, this excellent embodiment can be exhausted in the upper middle portion. In addition, since the outlet used for the material can be made relatively narrow while not disturbing the material when it is supplied, there is enough space for the circulation air supply passage.

This allows air to pass from the bottom directly below the stratified workbench, where stratification from the bottom over the full width of the workbench occurs. In another very preferred embodiment, the box is supported on the pedestal in a vibrable state, with the pedestal having an unmovable head on its top. The head is here coupled to the circulating air separator via an air intake pipe and also connected to the box via a variable sleeve. Due to this refined structure, the sealing problem occurs only in three tubes on the surface of the box. These tubes are then connected via a variable sleeve to the head, which is a non-moving base and a non-vibrating part. Since the variable sleeves have been used for a long time, the sealing device can be made to operate very reliably. When the seal is operated reliably, the flow proceeds in the box without any problems.

In another preferred embodiment the circulating air separation is combined with a filtration vent and a dust removal tube. This can remove components that obstruct the flow, such as thin skin or dirt. In addition, there is an advantage that can be connected to the circulating air passage separating the connection pipe used for the fine dust filter. As a result, the dust collected in the entire installation can be removed in an advantageous manner, and the safety and hygiene in running can be further improved.

By operating the circulating air, only a small portion of the total air volume has to go through the fine dust filter. In another preferred embodiment, the lower portion of the upper work surface is provided with a paper-shaped groove (where the stone or material gathers) with a through hole at the bottom of the paper to further separate the product fluid into heavy and light components. have.

The use of the present invention further increases the degree of stone sorting and can also screen all heavy foreign objects in the sifted grain material. In addition, it is advantageous because it uses little air and is simple in terms of methods and equipment, and in particular there is little sensitive reaction to vibrations occurring during penetration.

Embodiments of the present invention are described below in accordance with the accompanying drawings.

First, in accordance with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in FIG. 1, the basic type of the new stone sorter 1 is presented, and the unselected grain material is sent to the stratified work platform through the inlet 2. From there, it becomes the purified grain material and is discharged | emitted through the discharge opening 4. On the stratified work platform 3, a closed cover 5 (wall plate) is provided, which is equipped with a suction filtration device 6.

The cover 5 (wall plate) forms a vibrating body 7 together with the stratified working platform 3, which is vibrated by the vibration generator 8 having vibrability in the upper end direction of the stratified working platform 3. It will vibrate. The upper end of the stratified working platform 3 constitutes a terminal separation zone by the guide plate 19.

The whole vibrating body 7 is supported on the base 10 fixed to the bottom 11 firmly via the spring 9. In addition, the head 12 which does not vibrate is firmly coupled to the pedestal 10, and the head 2 is provided with an inlet 2 and an air suction pipe 13. In addition, the air intake pipe 13 is provided with an air amount adjusting plate 14 to control the air sucked into the entire stone separator 1. The vibrating portion, that is, the connection between the vibrating body 7 and the head 12 is made via the variable sleeve 15, which is provided under the inlet 2. In plan view, the stratified work platform 3 is advantageously at least in the form of a rectangle. In the case of repair work, the stratified working platform 3 may be removed from the upper side of the stratified working platform.

The supply of products is spread over the entire workbench. The width is indicated by "B" in FIG. 2 and the layer thickness is indicated by "D". Wide spreading of the material fluid 20 to supply the material, also referred to as bale material, consists of steps.

New grain material is conveyed into the distribution box 17 which is configured as part of the vibrating lid 5 (wall plate). The grain material is evenly and widely distributed in the distribution box 17 by vibration, and the distribution box 17 is configured to form a waterfall while spreading the grain material downward to increase its effect.

Similarly, the stop plate 18 provided in the distribution box 17 is used for the same purpose, so that the grain material is first sent to the guide plate 19 over the width of the workbench as a widely spread product fluid and then evenly spread again. As material fluid 20 it is sent onto stratified work platform 3.

When the material fluid 20 spreads widely, the guide iron plate 19 is assisted by forming an embossed shape with an outlet edge 16 at its empty end.

In order to pre-separate the heavy and light materials, the sheet-shaped guide plate 19 is configured such that the heavier mixture is discharged through the lower opening. The wide and even spread of the product fluid on the stratification platform 3 is clearly shown in FIG. In this figure, the stratified and drawn strata are presented. The stratified work platform 3 has a coarse mesh lattice 21 used as a product support and is made in a so-called sandwich structure in a conventional manner. Here the mesh grating 21 forms the upper surface of the worktable 3, which is held by a tin plate 34 installed in a honeycomb shape.

On the other hand, this tin chain 34 is held by the iron plate 22 in which the small hole of the lower side was perforated. The purge body 24 is provided in each blank 23 between the tin bars 34, and this purge body keeps not only the grid | lattice 21 but the perforated iron plate 22 clean. And it is important here that the perforated plate 22 is subjected to air resistance, which is much larger than the air resistance of the mesh grating 21, so that the ratio is approximately 1:10. In this way, the air distribution can be made almost invariant over the entire surface of the stratified work platform 3 despite the stratified thickness of the net lattice 21.

The stratification of the material itself consists essentially of three different layers, in which the lower weight layer 25 with the heavy mixture is sent above the work surface by mechanical throwing oscillations and the lighter layer 26 without the heavy mixture is removed. Is suspended not only in the distracted state by the air flow, but also while maintaining a constant interval on the network lattice 21. Although the stratified working platform 3 is slightly inclined, the upper lightweight layer 25 receives no propulsion shock directly toward the upper working platform, but the vibration state is maintained, so that the lightweight layer floats and moves below the working platform. In addition, the inclination of the stratified working platform 3 may be adjusted by the adjusting device 35.

The third layer 27 is originally composed of a heavy mixture, mostly composed of individual particulates, individual foreign bodies, stones 28 and the like. The material, the heavy grain 29, for example a light component such as grain, the shell 30, each appear in a correspondingly stacked form. The heavy material with stones 28 immediately sinks onto the vibrating work surface and is moved upwards by the vibration and by the coarse work surface made of mesh grid 21. In order to fulfill the above functions, it is important that air flows correctly.

The air fluid flows uniformly from bottom to top throughout the stratospheric width, the flow direction of which is indicated by arrows 31. The air fluid 31 causes the grain material to be in a strong flow state. Since only the heaviest components, i.e. the stones 28, have to be separated from the upper end of the workbench and sent from there to the stone outlet 45, a corresponding backflow derivative 33 is created, which is the backflow fluid 33 ) Prevents light components or grains from being sent to the upper side of the workbench with heavy mixtures.

The backflowing fluid 33 is formed mainly between the induction iron plate 19 and, if the induction iron plate 19 is firmly coupled with the cover 5 (wall plate) wall, between the induction iron plate 19 and the stratified working platform 3. The air passing through the gap of the gas flows out only in the direction of the back blowing fluid 33. Thus the material is such that the stones 28 therein are removed in front of the terminal separation zone and then cannot continue further upwards, where the removed stones 28 can continue their movement to the higher end of the workbench. .

The reverse blowing fluid 33 causes a flow direction change 32, where the heavy grain 29 from which the stones 28 have been removed is strong air fluid 31 where the flow direction change 32 takes place. Freely flows together with all the light materials of the lightweight layer 26 suspended at the workbench surface by means of (33), the lightest components of which are released immediately from the outlet (4) and intermediate components are optionally Floating movements can also be made by cycling several times above and below the workbench, especially the limiting grains.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 the material fluid 20 is fed into the zone where the direct flow direction change 32 takes place. The flow direction change 32 is performed by three forces: a mechanical propulsion movement made up the workbench, an upper stratification, that is, a floating motion performed by the light weight layer 27 at the bottom of the workbench, and a backwind flow 33.

3 is significantly different in structure from FIG. 1 in that FIG. 3 uses two stratification platforms, namely, an upper stratification work platform 3a and a lower stratification work platform 3b. Fundamentally, these two stratification platforms 3a and 3b have the same structure, which is composed of a grating 21 and a perforated sheet 2, as shown in FIG. The upper stratified work platform 3a does not have a guide plate 19 thereon and in principle does not have a backflow flow 33, so that not only the heaviest mixture but also the entire weight layer 25 moves upwards of the workbench. 40 may be dropped onto the guide plate 19 through the control plate 41.

The operation method of the stratified working platform 3b is the same as the operation method of the stratified working platform 3 of FIG. In order to prevent the newly introduced product fluid 20 from being directly mixed with the weight layer 25 by the distribution box 17, an induction plate 19 between the distribution box 17 and the stratified working platform 3a is provided at the top. And the guide plate 42 is provided. The product fluid which has begun to flow is sent directly into the discharge passage 44 of the lower stratified work platform 3b via the product outlet 43. Both material fluids from which the heaviest mixtures are removed at both stratification platforms 3a and 3b move together again at the outlet 4.

The heaviest mixtures, such as stones 28 and the like, are all separated roughly from the upper stratified work platform 3a along with the heavy bed 25 and then completely separated over the lower stratified work platform 3b so that the stone 28 exits the stone outlet 45. Emitted via Here, stone selection is performed in two stages, both temporally and spatially. In other words, first all heavy grain, for example 30% to 60% of the total material flow, is collected on the upper stratified work platform 3a, and then stones and other heavy mixtures are selected from the reduced material penetration. Released separately.

In terms of product flow, FIG. 4 corresponds to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. However, in the solutions of FIGS. 4 and 5, there is additionally a box 50, the perimeter of which is closed by a wall plate, which has one or more stratification platforms (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d). And vibrates together to separate the upper exhaust chamber 51 and the lower intake chamber 52 by the stratified work platforms. There is a circulating air passage 53 on the side of the lower end of one stratified working platform or a plurality of stratified working platforms, which is connected to the backflow air conduit 55 via a variable hose 54 and a backflow air pipe 55 '. It is connected.

In FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 the box 50 itself is supported on a pedestal 10 which is fixed on the spring 9. In the upper part of the box 50, the material inlet pipe connection part 2 'connected to the material inlet 2 at one end is provided, and the air suction connection part 13' connected to the air inlet pipe 13 is installed near the center. On the opposite end, a countercurrent air pipe connection 55 'is connected to the countercurrent air conduit 55.

The previously mentioned connecting parts 2 ', 13', 55 'are connected to the head 12 which does not vibrate on one side via the variable sleeve 15, 24 and on the other hand the box 50. Is connected to, and by this method is to enable the vibration movement of the box 50 to be connected to the head 12 that does not vibrate.

In the double machine according to Fig. 5, two outlets 4 are installed on both sides of the pipe-shaped product passage 57 (vertical to the drawing surface), so that the two product passages 57 The remaining space is left for the circulation air passage 53.

In FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the box 50 is shown in solid lines for better identification.

FIG. 6 shows a circulating air separator 60 with a suction ventilator 61 and a motor propulsion device 62 to supplement FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. Here, the air intake pipe 13 passes directly into the circulating air separator 60, where the powdery and dusty components that are formed or cause the dust are separated from the air fluid via the dust discharge pipe 64. In most cases where circulating air is used, it is advantageous to purify the air. This is because this effectively prevents the accumulation of dust in the overall installation, and improves the safety and hygiene on the movable surface. There is a big advantage to running circulating air because only a very small amount of air passes through the dust filter, ie only 10% of the amount of air circulating. In addition, the connection tube 65 for separation is provided. The circulating air separator 60 may be directly fixed to the workroom ceiling 66 together with the ventilation device.

In FIG. 7, unlike FIG. 3, there are fundamental differences in the following points. That is, in FIG. 7, only a small amount of material is sent to the upper region through which the flow direction of the lower stratified work platform 3d is changed over the entire work width through the outlet 71 above the upper stratified work platform 3c, Most of the grain is sent from the lower side of the upper stratified work platform 3c to the vicinity of the center portion of the lower stratified work platform 3d via the chute 72, and is then sent over the entire width of the work bench. After several measurements, this solution resulted in most stones being sent directly through the outlet 71 to the lower stratification platform 3d.

In the solution according to Figs. 7 and 8, it is important that the upper stratification platform 3c has a less rough surface than the lower stratification platform 3d, as described in FIG. On the other hand, it is important that the upper stratified work platform 3c is made of a perforated steel plate 22, and the lower stratified work platform 3d is made of a mesh grid 21. Very interesting and unique is shown in Figures 8 and 9. It is to use the place where the stones gather 80 in the upper stratified work platform (3c). Here's how it works:

The gathering place 80 is made of a hollow groove 81, which spans the entire width of the stratified work platform 3c.

Similarly to FIG. 2, two different layers are made in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, that is, the weight layer 25 and the lightweight layer 26 from which the heavy mixture is removed. Since the surface of the upper stratified work platform 3c is slightly rough, there is no fundamental flow upward. There is no possibility that at least the entire weight layer 25 will move upwards. The lower gravimetric layer 25 flows very slowly down the workbench, as indicated by arrow 82.

In contrast, the lightweight layer 26 flows downwardly at the work table as shown by the arrow 83 at a high speed. Then, the weight layer 25 once reached the groove 81 portion, and inevitably sinks to the place where the stones are collected. The place where the stone gathers 80 has a certain number of through holes 84 at the bottom thereof. The through holes 84 allow the weight layer 25 and the stone to continuously slide below the slide layer 72 It is transported to the lower stratified work platform 3d. When the number of effective through-holes 84 is properly taken into account in consideration of the flow rate of the weight layer 25, the weight layer 25 continuously sinks completely into the gathering place 80 and is transported directly to the lower portion so that the light layer and the weight layer This can be separated. In this way, not only is the screening of the heaviest mixtures (stones, etc.) very high, but the separation of the heaviest mixtures and the cleanest heaviest components (good grains) with minimal extra expense and the rest of the light grains (shells, dry) Missing grains and broken grains).

This makes it possible to separate the various basic components (such as stones, heavy components, light components) very well in one device.

Finally, in FIG. 10, the equipment which functions by the same principle as the apparatus of FIG. 3, FIG. 7, and FIG. 8 is shown.

Therefore, repeated description of the same components is omitted here. However, only in that the circulating air passage 53 is installed in the box 50 in a separated state, and even if this is the case, the limited influence that may have on the fluidity of the air in the box 50 can be excluded. The installation is different from the ones mentioned earlier.

Claims (33)

In order to sort out heavy mixtures, especially from the grain material, such as stones 28, the material fed onto the stratified platforms 3; 3b; 3d is inclined, flows through, and layered over the vibrating stratified surface. A layer of material at the upper end of the workbench inclined with fluid spreading as wide as possible, as heavy mixtures rising above the workbench 3; 3b; 3d are released separately at the upper end of the workbench. A method for sorting heavy mixtures from grain material characterized in that they are fed to the separation zones of (25, 26). 2. The fluids 25, 26 evenly stratified on the straddling platform 3; 3b; 3d, wherein the heavy 25 is above the bench and the light 26 is below the bench. A flow reversal (32) phenomenon occurs at the upper end of the stratified working platform (3; 3b; 3d), and the product fluid (20) is fed directly to the part of the flow diverting section (32). 3. The heavy grain material 29 and the stone 28 according to claim 1, wherein the material is first fed to an upper first stratified work platform 3a; 3c and which flows above the workbench. At least the first part of the heavy material component (layer) 25 consisting of a mixture of is sent to the upper end of the first work platform (3a; 3c), and then the heavy material component (25) flows through the same air, under the first work platform. Characterized in that it is fed to the upper end of the lower second stratified working platform (3b; 3d) surface. The material component 25 according to claim 3, wherein the propulsion component at the upper stratification platform 3a; 3c moves upwards smaller than the lower stratification platform 3b; Characterized in that it is fed from the lower end of the workbench (3a; 3c) to the center of the lower stratified workbench (3b; 3d). Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the product fluid (20) is fed onto an induction plate (19) which is provided at regular intervals on the work surface. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the product fluid is fed in the flow direction of the light grain layer (or opposite the flow direction of the heavy grain layer). 3. The separation zone according to claim 1, wherein the heavy grains 29 floating above the workbench divert flow direction to separate the heaviest mixture (stone 28) from the grain material 29. Air flow (back blower air flow 33). Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the back blower (33) is passed between the guide plate (19) and the stratified working platform (3; 3b; 3d). The method according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one stratified working platform (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) vibrates with the wall plate installed in the workbench to circulate air while separating and controlling the intake and exhaust. Way. 10. The wall according to claim 9, wherein the wall plate forms a box (box) 50 which is supported to vibrate with the stratified working platform (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d), which box (50) comprises: 3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d). The material according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the material is supplied to the material layers 25, 26 at the top of the workbench, i. The method is characterized in that the spread is supplied widely discharged to the upper center of the stratified working platform. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the air is purified by dusting off the upper part of the central air intake pipe (13) and the lower intake, i.e., the empty space (23). The method according to claim 1, further comprising two stratified working platforms 3c, 3d arranged side by side directly up and down, and wherein the material is formed on the upper stratified work platform 3c with a groove-shaped groove (where stones and materials enter 80). The heavy grain component 25 reaching the groove passes through the bottom hole 84 of the groove, and then passes through a slideway 72 that is inclined in the opposite direction to the lower stratification platform 3c. The light-weight layer 26 which is sent to the central part of 3d and flows in the flow direction from the recessed groove 80 of the upper stratified work platform 3c is sent to the light grain discharge passage 44. How to. 14. The claim 13 is provided with a vent cover 5 and a head 12 mounted thereon which vibrate together in a stratified workbench, wherein the material is supplied via an inlet 2 in the head 12, From the distribution box (17) into the distribution box (17) of the supply passage which vibrates with the exhaust cover (5) via the variable sleeve (15), it is poured into the casing from the distribution box (17) through the guide plate (19). A method characterized in that the same amount of flow falls over the entire width of the stratification platform. An inclined stratified work platform (3; 3b) which separates and sorts the heavy mixture from the material fluid (20) and, in particular, has a vibrating body (7) which vibrates toward the upper end of the stratified work platform, through which air can flow and vibrate; And 3c), which is collected by the supply passage to supply the product fluid 20 to the upper end of the workbench located at a higher position. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the supply passage is configured over the entire width of the stratified working platform (3; 3b; 3c). 17. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the guide plate (19) is provided at regular intervals from the stratified working platform (3; 3b; 3d) where the supply passage is constructed. 18. The distribution box 17 and the guide plate 19 for supplying the feed product according to claim 15 or 17, which are used for the flow of the feed product and allow the fluid to fall uniformly in the form of a waterfall over the entire width of the stratified working platform. Device configured for passage. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein a majority of the material flows over the stratification benches 3; 3b; 3c into a widespread fluid 20 in which heavy mixtures 28, 29 are discharged through the lower open side. Apparatus characterized in that it has an outflow edge (16) at the end of the guide plate (19) for the opening and the lower opening. 20. An apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that it has a terminal separation zone used for sorting stones between the guide plate (19) and the surface of the stratified working platform (3b). Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the two stratified working platforms (3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) vibrating together are arranged directly up and down side by side so that the same air flows through. 22. The upper stratification platform 3b; 3d is provided with a propulsion device larger than the upper stratification platforms 3a; 3c in the upward direction, the surface of which is greater than the surface of the upper stratification platforms 3a; 3c. Device characterized in that it is rougher. 23. An outlet (40) and outlet (71) as claimed in claim 22, wherein the upper stratification platform (3a; 3c) is provided at its upper end with a discharge passageway (40) and a discharge port (71) as a supply passage, which is moved to the lower stratification platform (3b; 3d). Device characterized in that. Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that the supply passage used for the lower stratification platform (3b; 3d) spans the entire width of the upper stratification platform (3a; 3c). 25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein both stratification platforms 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d have an upper stratification platform 3a; 3c with an upper end of the lower stratification platforms 3b; 3d. Apparatus characterized in that it is installed to supply to the part. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein at least one air circulating stratified platform (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) is part of the upper limb (50). 27. The device according to claim 26, wherein an inlet (2) of material is connected to the box (50). 28. An upper exhaust chamber (51) and a separate circulation air passage (53) therein are provided in the box (50), wherein the circulation air supply passage (53) comprises at least one stratified working platform (3); 3b; at the lower end of 3d). 29. The backflow air conduit (55) according to claim 28, wherein a material inlet (2) is provided at one upper side of the box (50), an air suction pipe (13) at the center, and a circulation air passage (53) at the other side. Apparatus characterized in that installed. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the box 50 is supported on the pedestal 10 in a vibrable state, and has a head 12 which does not move on top thereof, the head 12 having an air suction pipe. And (13) a circulation air separator (60) and a variable sleeve (54) to the box (50). Device according to claim 30, characterized in that the circulating air separator (60) is combined with the suction ventilation device (61) and the dust removal tube (64). Device according to claim 28, characterized in that the circulating air passage (53) is connected with a separating connection tube (65) used as a fine dust filter. 33. The bottom of the claim 32, wherein the upper working surface 3a has a through hole 84 at the bottom in the form of a paper to further separate the product fluid into the heavy component 25 and the light component 26 at the lower portion. Apparatus characterized by having a paper-shaped groove (where the stones and materials gather 80).

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