JPH02502351A - Method and apparatus for separating grain mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method and Apparatus for Separating Grain Mixtures The present invention provides a method and apparatus for separating grain mixtures. The air flows through the vibrating layer table surface and is actually guided in a stratified state. For example, stones for separating grain mixtures by guiding air as circulating air. The present invention relates to a method for separating heavy mixtures from grains.

From British Patent Publication No. 1,536.905, an essentially vibrating table surface and This consists of a stationary box that completely surrounds the table surface and is operated by circulating air. Grain-separating equipment is known in which this operation is performed. The stationary box above is It has a ventilator in the lower area, which allows the air to The air is blown from below to above through the table surface. Sky flowing out from the table surface above Air is guided along the sides between the vibrating table surface and the fixed surface wall. returned to the entrance of the data. Air is circulated. This is called circulating air operation. Ru. This circulating air operation requires no expense with suitable filter equipment for stratified air. It has the great advantage that there is no need to install a required asbestos system. There is. However, in reality, until now this circulating air system has only been used in a very narrow range. The results of its use have not been recognized.

-m, the equipment in which the work is carried out with circulating air operation is structurally complex or It is not possible to achieve a sufficient separation result, e.g. a sufficiently high degree of sorting for stone sorting. It was confirmed that The reason for this is, in part, that the product design for circulating air operations is In particular, there are still improvements to be made regarding the introduction and evacuation of smoke products and air guidance. The reason lies in the fact that there is room left. To allow the vibrating table to vibrate freely, To ensure this, sufficient play must be provided between the vibrating part and the stationary part, or The entire circumference of the table surface has an adverse effect on the vibration behavior of the table, but is possible A flexible rubber band must be provided, incorrect air is always a good product This prevents the formation of layers and thus also the success of the separation of foreign material components. still unresolved The points that are not covered are the accumulation of dust, dirt, and shells within the fixed surface. Ru. This type of equipment primarily separates grains and other seeds from foreign contaminants. equipment, in which the presence of e.g. 1-2% foreign contaminants is extremely common. For example, at a loading rate of 5 to 20) tons per hour, the amount of interfering contaminants is negligible. However, the overall amount will be large. Based on this, the recirculated air system Cleaning systems require a large amount of effort and place an undue burden on the workers. It takes. On the other hand, there are also problems in terms of hygiene. Therefore, theoretically recognized advantages However, the known circulating air equipment has only major drawbacks when it comes to practical use. It often happens that air containing dust escapes into the surrounding area. Because pressure This is because the force behavior is not fully understood.

The problem underlying the invention is to reduce as much as possible the disadvantages of known solutions and to Builds a new separation method in which the work is carried out in circulating air operation, which allows for high loading rates. That's true.

The present invention solves this problem by providing a method as described above, in which the circulation used for stratification of substances is The air is guided through separate guides for supply and exhaust, in which case these guides are The solution is to vibrate the layer together with the table surface.

In addition to the above-mentioned RH solution, the present invention provides high separation quality and simple structure. The benefits are that the work can be done cleanly and cleanly.

Forming the layer table and the air guide as a vibration unit means that one vibration is slightly more than r. Almost any trigger for the accumulation of dust etc. due to mass can be effectively avoided. It has the following advantages. Dust is not only affected by the effect of air carrying dust. The vibrations of all wall parts that come into contact with the dripping

A particularly unexpected advantage for the oscillating unit is that the raw grain supply is at a high location. that the air suction takes place within the area of the table edge located in the In addition, the return guidance of air is carried out in the central area above the layer table. This can be done through the lower region. Each of these features It is possible to achieve maximum performance only by working on the best single machine without worrying about it. It has been adjusted as follows. In this case, it spreads from top to bottom, creating a cascade. A vibrating product supply or material guide of similar design is simultaneously supplied with air. Guarantees complete spreading and relaxation of the product from the start while acting as a lock do. Setting up the product supply cascade in the area of the layer table located at a high level This ensures a bracing-free and therefore well-adjustable flow behavior over the entire table area. Not only is it guaranteed across the entire table area, but it is guaranteed even above the full-thickness table area. It will be done. guided around the lower table edge and widened below this table edge. An air return guide in the form of a recirculating air supply line with a circular opening is likewise optimal. It is constructed in such a way that the flow behavior is guaranteed. More importantly, circulating air from and to the layering area without impact and without any actual swirling. It is to be internalized. Circulated air can be purified in a stationary device as needed. be swept away. Since the corresponding air is constantly circulated, it is possible to operate without using a filter. Mechanical cleaning is done thoroughly.

However, it is also possible to guide only a small portion of the circulating air into the dust filter. It is Noh. In addition to this, this means that the entire system is under negative pressure outwards. It has the following advantages.

Different advantageous embodiments are specified in the claims 2 to 7.

Furthermore, the invention provides an air guide for circulating air operation of the device, through which the air flows; Special for separating grain mixtures, with vibratory versatility and inclined layer table. It also concerns equipment for separating heavy mixtures such as stones from grains, and this equipment The features of this machine include a layer table, a guide section for air intake, and air return. It forms a box that vibrates inside.

Separation equipment in which the work is actually carried out by the new circulating air operation for the specialist in question. It is surprising that all the drawbacks mentioned at the beginning are eliminated.

Not only are only the parts necessary to function for separation vibrated, but additionally the air is The air supply lines and exhaust lines for air are also vibrated to remove dust from the equipment. This effectively eliminates the problem of activation due to Fine dust easily passes through the device. l Each of the functions clearly has its own adaptation on the spot and is easily accessible. Items on the end side that exist at a high position on the 0-layer table where an easy-to-handle vibration surface is formed. The quality supply department's cast is an excellent arrangement. Layer table for management on this side is accessible. The arrangement of the air return guide part on the other lower end side is an excellent arrangement. be. This air return guide is designed as a flat conduit; therefore, this conduit The air flowing out from the table flows into the lower table surface without swirling. center of box An air suction is provided in the upper region of. The vibrating parts are stationary. Material- and flow-sensitive connections with parts that With circular material sleeves or rubber sleeves, as is done without problems in practice. It is done.

Other advantages are described in claims 9 to 15.

Another particularly advantageous configuration allows one or two table surfaces to be in the same vibrating plane. provided, in which case the lower table accommodates a portion of the substance of the upper table. The table end is arranged in such a way that the product delivery is located in a particularly high position. It will be held in

But also the upper table surface - in some cases additionally - its lower position Separating the product stream into a heavy separation area and a light separation area within the area A fence-like well (stone sump or material sump) with a drop opening in the bottom of the tank for have.

The transfer of material from the upper table to the lower table is in this case carried out by the master of the upper table. The system is arranged opposite to the flow direction and opens into the lower table. This is done via ute.

A high degree of grain separation, especially stone separation, is achieved with the invention. Additionally, a small amount of air is required. Advantageously, the method and apparatus are simple and particularly Insensitive to load fluctuations and does not get dusty inside .

In the drawings below, some embodiments of the invention are explained in detail: Figure 1 shows a simple form of a small table sorting device for stones. Figure 2 shows the product supply section on the tank table, Figure 3 shows the same configuration unit as Figure 1. but especially in configurations with two table surfaces for large product loadings. , FIG. 4 has the configuration shown in FIG. 1, but includes a circulating air pipe, FIG. 5 shows the configuration according to FIG. 3, but with a circulating air pipe, FIG. 6 shows the configuration according to FIG. 5 with a circulating air separation device; Figure 7 shows II (l configuration, 81st! l is an example related to FIG. 7; Figure 9 shows the stone pool on the layer table surface. Figure 1O shows Figures 3, 7 and 8 with in-plane guided circulating air lines. and similar devices.

The following description relates to FIGS. 1 and 2. In this case, Figure 1 is new This is the basic type of stone sorting device. In this case, the raw grain passes through inlet 2 to the layer table. 3 and from which the 0-layer grain is derived via outlet 4 as purified grain. A closed hood 5 with a suction opening 6 is provided above the cable 3. There is. This hood 5 forms a vibration device f7 together with the layer table 3, and this vibration The device is operated by a vibration generator 8 in the direction towards the upper end of the layer table 3 (vibration component The upper end of the zero-layer table 3, which can be vibrated at The terminal part is formed as an isolated band. The total oscillation unit 7 via the elastic element 9 It is supported on a machine frame 10 that stands up and is fixed on a foundation floor 11. Don't vibrate The head section 12 is also solidly connected to this machine frame 10 and has a is provided with an inlet 2 and an air suction conduit 13. Furthermore, the air suction conduit 13 There is an air volume adjustment flap inside to adjust the air sucked in by the goldstone separator l. A tap 14 is provided. Vibrating part or unit 7 and head part 1 2 are connected via a flexible sleeve 15 provided behind the inlet 2. It will be done.

Layer table 3, seen in one plan view, has a particularly small (and almost rectangular) 0 layer. On the high end side of the table, this layer table 3 is used for administrative work. It is possible to withdraw the money. Product transfer position extends over the entire width of the table The zero width shown is reference number r9J in Figure 2, and the thickness of the layer table is reference number r9J. rl) Indicated by J. Material flow with a wide range of aspects for material supply purposes 20 - Material flow The formation of the -, also referred to as a bower, takes place in two stages. As part of the vibrating hood 5 raw grain is guided into the distribution surface 17. Vibration also spreads the grain uniformly and in width. the distribution surface 17 is fed in a distribution state in which the distribution surface is lowered to enhance this effect. It is shaped like a box, widening towards the sides. Similarly provided in the distribution surface 17 The weir flaps 18 serve the same purpose, so that the grain is already covered over a wide area. as a material flow directly onto the guide plate 19 extending over the entire table width. , which is then guided onto the layer table 3 as a homogeneous and wide stream 20 of material. this The wide-sided spread of the material flow 20 furthermore ensures that the guide plate 19 is located at its free end. By having an overflow edge 16, i.e. formed in the form of a fence in this way. A fence-like The guide plate 19 also has a bottom opening for the flow of the heavy mixture.

The wide and uniform flow spread of the product on layer table 3 is particularly well seen in Figure 2. I can't stand it. In the same drawing, the 0-layer table is shown with layers deliberately emphasized. 3 is equipped with a coarse mesh lattice 21 as a stand for placing the product, and is equipped with a mesh lattice 21 known per se. It is composed of a so-called sandwich structure in style, and in this case, this mesh case is The child 21 is supported on a plate strip 34 provided in the bee collection area and forms the upper side. , twenty plate strips are held below by a free perforated plate 22.

A cleaning body 24 is provided in the individual areas 23 between the plate strips 34, which cleaning body It also keeps the mesh grid 21 and the perforated plate 22 clean, and more importantly, the perforated plate 2 2 is much larger than the air resistance of the mesh grid 21, for example, the value of l:10. It means that it has air resistance. This configuration allows air distribution to occur over the entire surface of the layer table 3. It is kept constant regardless of the layer thickness on the upper mesh lattice 21.

The material layer itself essentially consists of three different layers, in this case containing the weight mixture below. The heavy layer 25 containing the 0 The lightweight material layer 26, which no longer contains the heavy mixture, is kept in a relaxed state by suitable air flow. The 0 layer is maintained in a floating state above the Mehsheh lattice 21 not only in a fixed state but also at intervals. The table 3 is slightly inclined and the upper lightweight material layer 26 is immediately on the table. This light The mass material layer floats and approaches the table side, which is located at a lower position. Further layers The inclination of the cable 3 can be adjusted by means of an adjusting device 25. The third layer 27 is originally A heavy mixture of, mostly single grains, discrete foreign materials, stones28, etc.

The material, heavy grain 29 and light portion, e.g. half grain, shell portion 30, each have approximately Heavy materials containing 0 stone 28 shown in their appropriate form immediately vibrate. The coarse mesh lattice 21 is formed by vibrations on the table surface 7. The eyes move upward through the table surface.

Important for the above function is that the airflow is properly guided. Tae The suction air flows uniformly across the bull's surface from below to above. This intake air The flow direction of the flow is indicated by arrow 31. This air flow 31 causes the grain to flow considerably. bring to.

The heavy part, that is, the stone 28, is separated into the table edge located at a high position. , from which it must be sent into the stone gate 45, so that the corresponding blowback flow 3 3 is formed, and this blowback flow is caused by the light fraction or the grain being the heaviest part of the mixture. Together they prevent it from being sent upwards. The blowback flow is formed especially below the guide plate 19. It will be done. If this guide plate 19 is firmly connected to the hood wall, the guide plate and the layer table Air guided into the intervening slit escapes in direction 33.

In this way, the material, with the exception of the stones 28 present therein, enters the final separation zone. 0 stone 28, which is prevented from moving further upward by the air flow in the front, is high Continue to move towards the end of the table that is in position.

This blowback flow 33 actually induces a clearly occurring flow front or flow direction reversal 32. wake up At this position of flow direction reversal 32, the grain 29 without stones 28 has a strong air flow. 31.33, it is peeled off from above from the table surface, and here the peeled light above is removed. It flows freely down the table with all the light material covering the thin layer 26. the lightest The separate stream is immediately discharged at outlet 4. What is the central grain separate flow in some cases? This is a circular motion that moves upwards and downwards on the table. This is especially true for particles on the boundary line of fractional particle size.

1 and 2, the product stream 20 is directed directly into the zone of flow direction reversal 32. Supplied. This flow direction reversal 32 is caused by three forces: mechanical upward movement of the table; The feeding action consists of a floating of the upper layer 26 below the table and a blowback flow 33.

The main structural difference between Figure 3 and Figure 1 is that in Figure 3 there are two layer tables, That is, the upper table 3a and the lower table 3b are used.

Fundamentally, both the double-layer tables 3a and 3b have the same structure as shown in FIG.

The upper table 3a fundamentally lacks the blowback flow 33, and therefore the most The entire heavy layer 25, not just the heavy mixture, is moved up the table and guided It passes through the outlet pipe 40, passes through the guide plate 41, and falls onto the guide plate 19. From information board 19 In this case, the working style of layer table 3b is the same as that of layer table 3 in Figure 1 or Figure 2. It is the same as the expression.

The product stream 20 newly entering from the distribution surface 17 mixes directly with the heavy layer 25. To prevent this, a guide plate 4 is provided at the uppermost position between the distribution surface 17 and the layer table 3a. 2 is provided.

The outflowing product stream passes directly through the product gate 43 to the outflow pipe of the lower bed table 3b. containing the heaviest mixture of both layers 3a and 3b, which is discharged into channel 44. The two material streams that do not meet again in the outlet 4 and are guided to the All of the heavy mixture is first separated along with the heavy layer 25 from the upper layer table 3a. 0 Next, first, perform the original separation on the lower table 3b and pass through the stone gate 45 of stone 28. Here, two temporally and spatially distinct It is performed on the crotch meat. That is, first, the entire weight of the material, for example, the entire material load on the upper table 3a, is Concentration formation takes place between 30% and 60% of the charge, and then stone is removed from the reduced material charge. and other heaviest mixtures are sorted out and separately guided and discharged.

Figure 4 is the same as Figure 1 with respect to product guidance, and Figure 5 corresponds to Figure 3. . However, the solution idea according to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 additionally has a circular closed box 5. 0, and this box is connected to the upper suction chamber 51 and the lower suction chamber by one or multiple layer tables. It is divided into suction chambers 52. To the side of the bottom edge of one or more layer tables There is a circulating air pipe j153.

This circulating air line is emptied via a flexible hose 54 and an air return connection 55°. It is connected to an air return conduit 55. The air volume restrictor 56 is provided within the air return conduit 55. It is being In FIGS. 4 and 5, the box 50 itself is fixed via the spring element 9. It is supported by the machine frame 10. A substance inlet 2 is provided on the upper side of the box 50 and on the end side. A substance inflow connecting pipe 2' connected to the air suction pipe 13 is connected to the air suction pipe 13 at the center of the The air suction connection pipe 13'' is connected to the air return conduit 5 at the opposite end. An air return connection pipe 55° is provided which is connected to the air return pipe 55. Connecting pipe 2 above , 13'', 55゛ on the one hand does not vibrate through a flexible sleeve 15.54 on the other hand to the box 50, so that the parts involved in the movement of the box are It is possible to In the compound machine according to Figure 5, the two outlets 4 are tubular pipes. Synthetic tube! 157 provided on both sides (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing), The chamber formed between the two product lines 57 for the circulating air line 53 is therefore shaped will be accomplished. The box 50 is shown in Figures 4 and 5 to make the drawings easier to see. Indicated by a chain line.

FIG. 6 additionally shows a suction vent to supplement the structure according to FIGS. 4 and 5. A circulating air component 118160 with a regulator 61 and a motor drive 62 are shown. It is. In this case, the air suction connection pipe 13 directly circulates the air ii! at 11160 guided, in which case significant areas or obstructions of fine shells and dust The section is separated from the air stream via a dust outlet conduit 64.

Air purification is advantageous in most cases where recycled air is used. Because this This effectively avoids the accumulation of dust in all equipment, improving work reliability and sanitary environment. This is because it will improve you. Circulating air operation is the process by which a minimum amount of air is used, e.g. Large particles that only require 10% of the amount to be guided through a fine dust filter It has advantages. An aspirate connection 65 is provided for this purpose. Ru. The circulating air separator 60 is directly fixed to the chamber cover 66 together with the venturator. There is.

FIG. 7 shows that in FIG. The lower table passes through the large hole row 71 at the highest point and extends downward over the entire table width. In Fig. 3, the points given in the band form exist above the flow direction change of the bull 3d. The main amounts of zero-weight substances that are fundamentally different from the structure shown in the table below in the region of the end through the chute 72 to approximately the center position of the lower table 3d, and Furthermore, it is guided over the entire width of the table. A large number of material sequences are in this configuration. Nevertheless, a large proportion of stones pass through the hole 71 and directly onto the lower table 3d. Given. The important points in the configuration shown in Figures 7 and 8 are shown in Figure 9. The upper table 3c is from the guide board, and the lower table 3d is from the mesh grid. Due to the shape, the upper layer table is slightly smaller than the lower layer tape 3d. It has a rough surface.

Further original ideas of particular importance are illustrated in Figures 8 and 9. This is the upper table The operation mode 9, in which the stone reservoir 80 is used within the area of 3c, is as follows. The zero stone reservoir 80 consists of a depression 81 in the fence rod, and this depression is located in the layer table 3C. Extends across the entire width. In Figures 8 and 9 as well as in Figure 2. Even if there are two different layers, a heavy layer 25 and a light layer 2 without a heavy mixture It is formed from 6.

Since the surface of the upper layer table 13 has only a slight roughness, the original upper layer No upward flow occurs; only a small amount (at least all of the heavy layer 25 is moved upwards) Rather, the lower heavy layer 25 is significantly delayed and moves downwards in the direction of the arrow 82. It flows as shown in . On the other hand, the light layer 26 moves at a faster speed (in the direction of arrow 83). The zero-heavy layer flowing down the table (in the direction of In this case, the stone reservoir 80 has a large number of falling openings at its bottom. 84, and through this falling opening, a portion of the material is continuously deposited with the stone below. It is carried out onto the chute 72 located on the side or onto the layer table 3d below. The effective number of drop openings for the flow of the heavy layer 84 is correctly adjusted. In this case, the light layer and the heavy layer are separated, so that the heavy layer 25 is completely continuous. 80 and is discharged directly downward. There are two advantages to this. . That is, 1. In this way, an extremely high degree of sorting for the heaviest mixtures (stones, etc.) can be achieved. It will be done.

2. To the clean heavy sorting area (good grain) of the heaviest mixture with minimal excess expenditure In addition to the separation of the Another is possible.

This allows a single device to handle various basic sorting areas (stone, etc.) with extremely high quality. Separation into heavy objects and light objects becomes possible.

Finally, Figure 10 shows a device which works on the same principle as the devices according to Figures 3, 7 and 8. It shows. For this reason, the description of the same structural parts has not been repeated here.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 10, the above-mentioned apparatus and a circulating air pipe line 53 are provided separately in a box 50. and the effect on the air flow properties within the box 50 that is influenced by this. The only difference is that it is possible to avoid this.

international search report ' 'PCT/EP 88101078 International Search Report EF 8801078 SA　25554

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The substance is tilted and the air flows through it and the vibrating layer table is actually Separation of grain mixtures carried out by guiding in a stratified state and by guiding stratified air as circulating air. for separating heavy mixtures, e.g. stones, from grains. Separate guides for the supply and exhaust of circulating air used for material stratification is characterized in that the guiding part is vibrated together with the layer table surface. The above method. 2. A box (50) whose guide part is vibrated together with the layer table (3; 3a, 3c, 3d) 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: 3. A stationary platform (12) is placed above the vibrating box (50). A stationary venturator (61) is provided above it. In the claim, the air circulation of the combined circulation air is maintained by a venturator (61). The method according to item 1 or 2. 4. A portion of the grain mixture is provided below the layer table (3a; 3c). layer table (3b; 3d), in which case the circulating air flows through both layer tables (3b; 3d). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises: 5. In the area of the table edge where the material is present at a high level as a wide surface flow. with exhaust air being directed upwardly and centrally, and supply air being directed to the lower table edge. Any of claims 1 to 4 again provided broadly within the scope of The method described in one of these methods. 6. Material is supplied as a uniform falling stream extending over the entire table width and the substance supply parts (17, 19) provided for this purpose are connected to a vibrating box ( 50) as a cascade extending from above to below. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein . 7. A central air outlet (13 ') is cleaned from dust components in the area above The method described in any one of the above. 8. Air is provided with air guides (13', 53) for circulating air operation of the device. Flowable, vibratory and inclined layer table (3; 3a, 3c, 3d) for separating grain mixtures, especially heavy mixtures such as stones (28) In the device for sorting, layer tables (3; 3a, 3b; 3c, 3d) and and guide portions (13', 53) for air suction and air return guidance. Device as described above, characterized in that it forms a vibrating box (50). 9. Inside the box (50), there is an air suction chamber above the layer table (3; 3a; 3c). (51) and below the layer table (3; 3b; 3d) isolated from it. A circulating air supply conduit (53) is provided which is open in the region of the end. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8. 10. The material supply section ( 17, 19) are provided in the area of the table end that is located at a high position. , the device according to claim 8 or 9, which is a part of the vibrating box (50). Place. 11. On the upper side of the box (50) on the end side, the substance inlet (2') is located approximately in the middle. Air suction connection pipe (13') in the center, air return connection at the opposite end. Any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the pipe (55') is provided. The device described in. 12. At least two layer tables (3a, 3b; 3c, 3d) in the box (50) are placed above and below each other, and in this case, circulating air flows across both tables from below to above. and a portion of the material on the upper table (3a;; 3c) is transferred to the lower table. Product transfer section (40, 19; 43; 71; 72; 81; 84) of claims 8 to 11, Any one of the following devices. 13. The material supply and/or product transfer section is connected to the layer table (3; 3b; 3d) The opening spans the entire width of the layer table (3; 3b). ;3d) comprising a guide plate (19) provided above. Apparatus according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 12. 14. A box (50) is vibrably supported on a machine frame (10), which machine frame Claim 8 comprising a head part (12) positioned in the upper region of the Apparatus according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 13. 15. Head part (12) and air suction connecting pipe (13') fixed on one side or, on the other hand, an air return guide connection pipe (55') and a vibrating box ( A flexible sleeve (15; 54) is installed between the substance inflow connection pipe (2') of 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein 16. A circulating air separator (60) is provided above the stationary head section (12). 16. The apparatus according to claim 14 or 15. 17. The circulating air separator (60) is connected to the suction ventilator (61) and the dust guiding conduit. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the apparatus is coupled to (64). 18. Circulating air line (53) is an aspiration connection for the fine dust filter Any one of claims 8 to 17 combined with part (65) The device described in.