CN107127047B - Grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits - Google Patents
Grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN107127047B CN107127047B CN201710438409.5A CN201710438409A CN107127047B CN 107127047 B CN107127047 B CN 107127047B CN 201710438409 A CN201710438409 A CN 201710438409A CN 107127047 B CN107127047 B CN 107127047B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/02—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for washing or blanching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coffee fresh fruit processing equipment, in particular to a grading and stoning machine for coffee fresh fruits, which comprises a primary screening mechanism, a secondary screening mechanism, a tertiary screening mechanism, a water tank, a case, a water pump and a guide pipe, wherein the primary screening mechanism is arranged on the primary screening mechanism; the screening mechanisms of the three grades have a vibration washing effect, so that the fresh coffee fruits can be effectively washed, the fresh coffee fruits of different grades can be separated to obtain the fresh coffee fruits with good quality, high quality and cleanness, water in the water tank can be recycled, and the automatic purification function is realized; the grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee and fruits has high working effect, reduces the production cost and greatly improves the economic benefit of enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coffee fresh fruit processing equipment, in particular to a grading and stoning machine for coffee fresh fruits.
Background
Coffee, one of the three major beverages in the world, has a particularly strong bitter taste, stimulating the central nervous system, heart and respiratory system. It can also relieve muscle fatigue and promote secretion of digestive juice when taken in proper amount. Because it can promote the function of the kidney, promote the function of the urine and help the body to discharge the redundant sodium ions out of the body, the utility model is popular with the consumers.
Generally, fresh coffee fruits obtained by picking are mixed with Chinese olive, ripe fruits, dried fruits, stones, leaves, sand and the like, in the coffee making production process, stone removal of coffee plays an important role, the taste of coffee in the subsequent process is directly influenced by the stone removal rate, impurities such as stones, leaves and sand need to be removed, and the ripe fruits, chinese olive and dried fruits need to be graded to obtain the coffee fresh fruits with the best quality so as to ensure the quality.
However, most of the existing coffee manufacturers adopt manual means to grade and remove stones from fresh coffee fruits, so that the labor cost is high, the yield is low, the profit is low, and the long-term development of enterprises is not easy. Therefore, the development and design of a classification and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits, which can effectively classify the fresh coffee fruits and has good cleaning and stoning effects, become the current urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides the grading and stoning machine for the fresh coffee fruits, which has the advantages of effective grading, good cleaning and stoning effects.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits comprises a primary screening mechanism, a secondary screening mechanism, a tertiary screening mechanism, a water tank, a case, a water pump and a guide pipe;
the primary screening mechanism comprises a feeding area, a screen I, a water inlet area, a water inlet pipe, a water washing area, a screen II, a vibration generator I, a flow guide groove, a collecting box I and a support, wherein the screen I is arranged on the feeding area, the water inlet area is connected with the feeding area, the water inlet pipe is positioned at the bottom of the water inlet area, the water washing area is communicated with the water inlet area, the screen II is arranged on the water washing area, the vibration generator I is arranged on one side of the water washing area and connected with the screen II, the flow guide groove is connected with the water washing area, the collecting box I is arranged at the top of the machine box and positioned under the flow guide groove, and the support is positioned at the bottom of the water washing area;
the secondary screening mechanism comprises a grading box, a screening hopper, a buffer block, a waste rock scrap outlet and a waste rock scrap collecting tank, the grading box is located below the washing area, the buffer block is arranged in the grading box, the screening hopper is located below the buffer block, the outlet of the screening hopper is arranged on one side of the grading box, the waste rock scrap outlet is connected with the bottom of the screening hopper, and the waste rock scrap collecting tank is located below the waste rock scrap outlet;
the three-stage screening mechanism comprises a fine selection groove, a screen III, a vibration generator II, a collecting box II, a hinge opening, a defective product collecting groove, a screen IV and a collecting box III, wherein the fine selection groove is arranged on one side of the grading box and is positioned below an outlet part of the screening hopper, the screen III is arranged on the fine selection groove, the vibration generator II is arranged on the fine selection groove and is connected with the screen III, the collecting box II is positioned below the outlet part of the fine selection groove, the hinge opening is arranged on the grading box, the defective product collecting groove is arranged on one side of the grading box and is positioned below the hinge opening, the screen IV is arranged on the defective product collecting groove, and the collecting box III is arranged below the outlet collecting groove part of the defective product;
the water tank is positioned below the grading tank, the fine selection tank and the defective product collecting tank and is communicated with the fine selection tank and the defective product collecting tank through a screen, the case is arranged on one side of the water tank, the water pump is arranged on the water tank, one end of the guide pipe is connected with the water pump, and the other end of the guide pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe.
For the further optimization of this technical scheme, the screening is fought including the one-level screening fill and the second grade screening fill that set up side by side in proper order, one-level screening fill bottom and sweeps export and be connected.
For the further optimization of the technical scheme, water leakage holes are formed in the collecting box II and the collecting box III.
For the further optimization of the technical scheme, the screening hopper is in a funnel shape and is provided with a bottom extension pipe structure.
For the further optimization of the technical scheme, a power control center is arranged on the case and controls the water pump, the vibration generator I and the vibration generator II to work.
For the further optimization of the technical scheme, a filter element and an active carbon adsorption material are arranged in the water tank.
For further optimization of the technical scheme, the number of the second meshes of the screen is greater than that of the third meshes of the screen, the number of the fourth meshes of the screen is greater than that of the first meshes of the screen.
For the further optimization of the technical scheme, a water level control pressure plate is arranged on the water tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits can effectively remove impurities such as leaves, branches and sand through the primary screening mechanism, can effectively remove impurities such as stones and stone chips through the secondary screening mechanism, can preliminarily grade ripe fruits, chinese olive and dry fruits, can grade the ripe fruits with better quality through the tertiary screening mechanism, and can collect defective products such as the Chinese olive and the dry fruit.
(2) The screening mechanisms of the three grades have the vibration washing effect, the fresh coffee fruits can be effectively washed, and finally the fresh coffee fruits of different grades are separated to obtain the fresh coffee fruits with good quality, high quality and cleanness, and the water in the water tank can be recycled and has the self-purification function.
(3) The grading and stoning machine for the fresh coffee fruits has high working effect, reduces the production cost and greatly improves the economic benefit of enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the grading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the screening hopper of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the primary screening mechanism of the present invention;
the device comprises a feeding area 1, a screen I2, a water inlet area 3, a water inlet pipe 4, a water washing area 5, a screen II 6, a vibration generator I7, a flow guide groove 8, a collection box I9, a support 10, a grading box 11, a first-stage screening bucket 12, a buffer block 13, a second-stage screening bucket 14, a fine selection groove 15, a screen III 16, a vibration generator II 17, a collection box II 18, a hinge opening 19, a defective product collection groove 20, a screen IV 21, a collection box III 22, a water tank 23, a case 24, a water pump 25, a conduit 26, a waste stone chip outlet 27 and a waste stone chip collection groove 28.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1~5: the grading and stoning machine for the fresh coffee fruits comprises a primary screening mechanism, a secondary screening mechanism, a tertiary screening mechanism, a water tank 23, a case 24, a water pump 25 and a guide pipe 26;
elementary sieve mechanism that divides includes feeding zone 1, screen cloth I2, the district 3 that intakes, inlet tube 4, washing district 5, screen cloth II 6, vibration generator I7, guiding gutter 8, collecting box I9, support 10, screen cloth I2 sets up on feeding zone 1, intake zone 3 is connected with feeding zone 1The water inlet pipe 4 is positioned at the bottom of the water inlet area 3, the washing area 5 is communicated with the water inlet area 3, the screen II 6 is arranged on the washing area 5, and the vibration generator
The water washing device is characterized in that the water washing device 7 is arranged on one side of the water washing area 5 and connected with the screen II 6, the diversion trench 8 is connected with the water washing area 5, the collection box I9 is arranged on the top of the case 24 and is positioned under the diversion trench 8, and the support 10 is positioned at the bottom of the water washing area 5;
the secondary screening mechanism comprises a grading box 11, a screening hopper, a buffer block 13, a waste rock debris outlet 27 and a waste rock debris collecting tank 28, wherein the grading box 11 is positioned below the washing area 5, the buffer block 13 is arranged in the grading box 11, the screening hopper is positioned below the buffer block 13, the outlet part of the screening hopper is arranged on one side of the grading box 11, the waste rock debris outlet 27 is connected with the bottom of the screening hopper, and the waste rock debris collecting tank 28 is positioned below the waste rock debris outlet 27;
the three-stage screening mechanism comprises a fine screening groove 15, a screen III 16, a vibration generator II 17, a collection box II 18, a hinge opening 19, a defective product collection groove 20, a screen IV 21 and a collection box III 22, wherein the fine screening groove 15 is arranged on one side of the classifying box 11 and is positioned below an outlet part of the screening hopper, the screen III 16 is arranged on the fine screening groove 15, the vibration generator II 17 is arranged on the fine screening groove 15 and is connected with the screen III 16, the collection box II 18 is positioned below an outlet part of the fine screening groove 15, the hinge opening 19 is arranged on the classifying box 11, the defective product collection groove 20 is arranged on one side of the classifying box 11 and is positioned below the hinge opening 19, the screen IV 21 is arranged on the defective product collection groove 20, and the collection box III 22 is arranged below an outlet part of the defective product collection groove 20;
the water tank 23 is positioned below the grading tank 11, the fine selection tank 15 and the defective product collecting tank 20, the water tank 23 is communicated with the fine selection tank 15 and the defective product collecting tank 20 through a screen, the case 24 is arranged on one side of the water tank 23, the water pump 25 is arranged on the water tank 23, one end of the guide pipe 26 is connected with the water pump 25, and the other end of the guide pipe 26 is connected with the water inlet pipe 4.
The screening is fought including the one-level screening fill 12 and the second grade screening fill 14 that set up side by side in proper order, the one-level screening fill 12 bottom and sweeps export 27 with be connected.
And water leakage holes are formed in the collecting box II 18 and the collecting box III 22.
The screening hopper is of a funnel type structure with a bottom extension pipe.
And a power supply control center is arranged on the case 24 and controls the water pump 25, the vibration generator I7 and the vibration generator II 17 to work.
And a filter element and an active carbon adsorption material are arranged in the water tank 23.
The screen II has 6 meshes, the screen III has 16 meshes, the screen IV has 21 meshes and the screen I has 2 meshes.
And a water level control pressure plate is arranged on the water tank.
When the coffee fresh fruit grading and stoning machine works: the picked fresh coffee fruits are placed into a feeding area 1, the mesh number of a screen I2 is smaller than the diameter of the fresh coffee fruits, mixed fine sand in the fresh coffee fruits can fall through the screen I2 but the fresh coffee fruits cannot fall through the screen I2, a vibration generator I7 drives the screen I2 and a screen II 6 to vibrate due to the fact that the feeding area 1 and a washing area 5 are at a certain angle with a horizontal plane, the fresh coffee fruits sequentially pass through the screen I2 on the feeding area 1, a water inlet area 3 and the screen II 6 on the washing area 5 under the driving of a vibration screen, water flows into the water inlet area and the washing area through a water inlet pipe 4, and the meshes of the screen II 6 are larger than the diameter of the fresh coffee fruits and smaller than the diameter of leaves, so that the fresh coffee fruits fall into the washing area, and the branches are retained on the screen II 6, and fall into a collecting box I9 through a flow guide groove 8 due to the buoyancy of the water; fresh coffee fruits flow into a grading box 11 through a washing area 5, then a part of the fresh coffee fruits flow into a first-stage screening hopper 12 under the action of a buffer block 13, a part of the fresh coffee fruits flow into a second-stage screening hopper 14, the fresh coffee fruits sink to the bottom of the screening hopper due to heavier stones and stone chips and flow out to a waste stone chip collecting tank 28 through a waste stone chip outlet 27 connected with the bottom of the screening hopper, the ripe coffee fruits are heavier than the green fruits and the dry fruits and lighter than the stones, the ripe coffee fruits sink to the bottom of the screening hopper under the action of gravity and flow out from an outlet part of an extension pipe of the screening hopper under the action of the buoyancy of water, the green fruits and the dry fruits do not sink to the bottom of the screening hopper and float on the upper part of the grading box 11, the ripe coffee fruits flow out to a defective product collecting tank 20 through an opening 19 of a hinge when a certain amount is reached, finally fall into a collecting box III 22 under the action of a screen IV 21, and water flowing along with the flowing water flows into a water tank 23 through a screen IV; mature fruits flow out of the outlet parts of the extension pipes of the primary screening hopper 12 and the secondary screening hopper 14 and then fall into a fine selection groove 15, the mature fruits are screened again under the action of a screen III 16 and a vibration generator II 17, finally the mature fruits flow into a collection box II 18, water flowing along with the mature fruits flows into a water tank 23 from a drying mesh hole, and water leakage holes are formed in the collection box II 18 and can drain water on the mature fruits. And a power supply control center on the case 24 controls the water pump 25, the vibration generator I7 and the vibration generator II 17 to work. Be provided with filter element, active carbon adsorption material in the water tank 23 and play self-purification effect, the water pump can be with water on the water tank 23 take out in inlet tube 4, play cyclic utilization's effect.
Claims (8)
1. The grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits is characterized by comprising a primary screening mechanism, a secondary screening mechanism, a tertiary screening mechanism, a water tank (23), a case (24), a water pump (25) and a guide pipe (26);
the primary screening mechanism comprises a feeding area (1), a screen I (2), a water inlet area (3), a water inlet pipe (4), a washing area (5), a screen II (6), a vibration generator I (7), a flow guide groove (8), a collecting box I (9) and a support (10), wherein the screen I (2) is arranged on the feeding area (1), the water inlet area (3) is connected with the feeding area (1), the water inlet pipe (4) is positioned at the bottom of the water inlet area (3), the washing area (5) is communicated with the water inlet area (3), the screen II (6) is arranged on the washing area (5), the vibration generator I (7) is arranged on one side of the washing area (5) and connected with the screen II (6), the flow guide groove (8) is connected with the washing area (5), the collecting box I (9) is arranged at the top of a case (24) and positioned under the flow guide groove (8), and the support (10) is positioned at the bottom of the washing area (5);
the secondary screening mechanism comprises a grading box (11), a screening hopper, a buffer block (13), a waste rock fragment outlet (27) and a waste rock fragment collecting tank (28), wherein the grading box (11) is positioned below the washing area (5), the buffer block (13) is arranged in the grading box (11), the screening hopper is positioned below the buffer block (13), the screening hopper outlet is arranged on one side of the grading box (11), the waste rock fragment outlet (27) is connected with the bottom of the screening hopper, and the waste rock fragment collecting tank (28) is positioned below the waste rock fragment outlet (27);
the three-stage screening mechanism comprises a fine screening groove (15), a screen III (16), a vibration generator II (17), a collecting box II (18), a hinge opening (19), a defective product collecting groove (20), a screen IV (21) and a collecting box III (22), wherein the fine screening groove (15) is arranged on one side of the grading box (11) and is positioned below an outlet part of the screening hopper, the screen III (16) is arranged on the fine screening groove (15), the vibration generator II (17) is arranged on the fine screening groove (15) and is connected with the screen III (16), the collecting box II (18) is positioned below the outlet part of the fine screening groove (15), the hinge opening (19) is arranged on the grading box (11), the defective product collecting groove (20) is arranged on one side of the grading box (11) and is positioned below the hinge opening (19), the screen IV (21) is arranged on the defective product collecting groove (20), and the collecting box (22) is arranged below an outlet part of the defective product collecting groove (20);
the water tank (23) is positioned below the grading tank (11), the fine selection tank (15) and the defective product collecting tank (20), the water tank (23) is communicated with the fine selection tank (15) and the defective product collecting tank (20) through a screen, the case (24) is arranged on one side of the water tank (23), the water pump (25) is arranged on the water tank (23), one end of the guide pipe (26) is connected with the water pump (25), and the other end of the guide pipe (26) is connected with the water inlet pipe (4).
2. The grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that the screening hopper comprises a primary screening hopper (12) and a secondary screening hopper (14) which are arranged side by side in sequence, and the bottom of the primary screening hopper (12) is connected with a waste rock outlet (27).
3. The grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits according to claim 1, wherein the collection box II (18) and the collection box III (22) are provided with water leakage holes.
4. The machine of claim 1, wherein the sifting hopper is a funnel-type with bottom extension tube structure.
5. The grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee and fruits according to claim 1, wherein a power control center is arranged on the machine box (24), and the power control center controls the operation of the water pump (25), the vibration generator I (7) and the vibration generator II (17).
6. The grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that a filtering element, an activated carbon adsorbing material, is arranged in the water tank (23).
7. The classification and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits according to claim 1, wherein said sieve ii (6) mesh > sieve iii (16) mesh > sieve iv (21) mesh > sieve i (2) mesh.
8. The grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that a water level control pressure plate is provided on the water tank (23).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710438409.5A CN107127047B (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2017-06-12 | Grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710438409.5A CN107127047B (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2017-06-12 | Grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107127047A CN107127047A (en) | 2017-09-05 |
| CN107127047B true CN107127047B (en) | 2023-04-18 |
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| CN201710438409.5A Active CN107127047B (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2017-06-12 | Grading and stoning machine for fresh coffee fruits |
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Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN109619628A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-16 | 陈相逸 | A kind of grape stem removing cleaning device |
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| CN207187965U (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-04-06 | 保山市奥福实业有限公司 | Coffee fresh fruit grading stone remover |
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Address after: 678000 No. 7 standard plant in the start-up area of Baoshan industrial and Trade Park, Yunnan Province Applicant after: Yunnan aofu Industry Co.,Ltd. Address before: 678000 No. 7 standard plant in the start-up area of Baoshan industrial and Trade Park, Yunnan Province Applicant before: BAOSHAN AOFU INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. |
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