JP2530736B2 - Method and apparatus for separating heavy contaminants from grain material - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a method for separating heavy contaminants, in particular stone, from a shell-grain material, comprising a heavier bed on the bed table and a lower bed of the bed table towards the higher side of the bed table. A uniform laminar flow, consisting of lighter layers towards the side, results in a separation region of contaminants and grain material in the higher end region of the bed table and of heavy grain material towards the higher side of the bed table. From the grain material and the contaminants such that the heavy contaminants formed in the reversal of the flow direction and directly on the bed table are separated and carried away at the higher end of the bed table. A product stream is supplied from the product inlet onto an inclined bed table through which air is flowing and is oscillated and guided over this bed table, whereupon it is formed into layers and The widest possible surface To a region of the separation zone of the product layer as a stream with

In the past, attempts have been made in a very diverse manner to divide a mixture of shell grains into portions of heavy shell grains and portions of light shell grains. At that time, the central issue is to separate the stones from the shell grains. Stones, glass shards, metal parts and other contaminants whose size is substantially different from the size of the intermediate shell grain are separated by sieving. Within the range of the same cereal types like wheat, barley, rye, oats, german wheat, but also within other seeds like coffee, cocoa beans, broad beans, seeds, flower kernels etc. In, there is an outer dimension of the shell within the relatively narrow shell size spectrum.
Those that are larger than a certain pore or smaller than a second, smaller pore can be easily separated by simple sieving as different materials. The difficulty lies in the selection and separation of extraneous components that are about the same size as good quality grain material and carry them away.

Early on, water baths were frequently used in which all exogenous components, which were heavier than shell material, were allowed to settle to the bottom of the bath. At that time, the gravity effect or the buoyancy of water was utilized. As a major advantage of this method, the simultaneous cleaning effect of the shell-grain material was observed. This solution has been almost completely replaced by so-called desiccation for a couple of years, because of the wash water thereby created as well and partly because of the microbial problems associated with it.

In dry cleaning, buoyancy similar to that used in vibration and in wash water was created by a strong air flow above the bottom table surface. In fact, in the last two decades, the sorting methods for stones of the type already proposed by the applicant have been most frequently implemented, at least where high selectivity requirements have been imposed (West German Patent Specification). See Book 1 913 707).
In the screening method, a preliminary layered formation is first made along the preliminary layer passage. Heavy contaminants settle in areas near the table. At the same time, on the table surface, the light layers spaced apart on the table are moved in the direction of the end located on the lowest side of the table due to the inclination, i.e. for the lighter layers. It is carried out to the exit that does. Heavy contaminants on the table surface are
In the direction of the table end on the higher side, the stones are completely separated in the end separation area and are carried away via the corresponding outlet. The main drawback of this known solution idea is the specially required triangular table shape, which can only be achieved with a limited increase in the product charge.

Later, various other solution ideas were tried, but no effective actual results were obtained. In many cases, it was not possible to achieve the sorting quality of the solution mentioned at the beginning. Therefore, it is often attempted to work with two working tables located one above the other, in which case the upper table has a sieving function and a layer forming function, as is shown, for example, in DE-A 25 33 274. In this solution idea,
Only by additional means, such as special incorporation, is it possible to achieve substantially complete, ie almost 100%, stone sorting.

From British Patent Specification No. 1 536 905 a grain separating device is known in which an air flow is generated using a fan placed under an inclined and perforated chute. The housing for receiving the entire separating device alongside the fan is fixedly arranged so that only the receiving table can move.

In this case, the classical circulating air system is explicitly mentioned, but in practice there has always been a problem due to the presence of pressure in each section of the housing. In particular, the so-called fresh air problem cannot be eliminated.

Finally, in the case of the known shell-grain mixture separation method, especially in the heavy material sorting method, there was a problem with air guidance. This applies in particular to the mutual, unobstructed and optimum guidance of the material and air, including in particular the material and air supply, which results in a limited improvement of the charging efficiency, especially during good sorting. become.

The present invention provides a new method for screening heavy contaminants,
In particular, the problem is based on the provision of a new stone sorting method and a device for carrying out this method or a new dry gravity sorting system which allows higher loadings.

The problem is that, in the method mentioned at the outset, the product stream is introduced like a cascade, and then directly on the bed table via the guide plates spaced above the bed table surface. It is supplied in the range of the flow direction reversal section,
And a flow direction of said heavy shell-grain material towards the reversal of the flow direction of the heavy shell-grain material, in which the air stream moves to the higher side of the bed table in order to separate the heaviest contaminants (stones) from the shell-grain material. It is solved by being blown into the separation area in the direction opposite to.

The first practical attempt at the new inventive idea was surprisingly the same in two ways. Firstly, the sorting efficiency was immediately and unexpectedly high, and secondly, the inventor chose a feeding position which, according to the belief of all the previous experts, had to be false. But nevertheless, the feed location produced the desired result. So far, one does not start with the idea of separating in advance (see West German Patent Specification No. 1 913 707), but rather considers the method in two steps, separated spatially and temporally. As a first step, we sought to obtain layered formations, in which case the layers near the table had to contain all the heavy contaminants, and finally, as a next step, we were guided through the aisle. The pre-layered formation had to be fed undisturbed onto the table surface and the stone had to be fed to the stone outlet. Only in the area of the highest end of the sorting table was effective separation of stones and separate removal carried out. Correspondingly, the end separation regions had the smallest dimensions (triangular tip), since the heavy contaminants are usually only a very small percentage of the grain material.
This is because only a small part of the total amount of product was introduced. If the end separation area or the table tilt is adjusted correctly and too much shell grain material can reach it, or if the local air flow is chosen unfavorably,
The stone was poorly sorted or was removed along with the stone several times better quality kernels. Even then, the end separation area was always a spot that had to be specially monitored. The idea of depositing almost a large amount of new shell grain material on the table in the stone separation area was felt unreasonably completely unreasonable. Indeed, it was shown that a failure at that location would immediately reduce the way the sorting table worked.

-Whether pre-separation is generally necessary-and whether separation of contaminants that are time and journey heavy is required-or that the product is loaded over a relatively large area of the table so that each pebble Although there is an opinion that would give the greatest possible opportunity for separation, the invention was completely freed by the inventor from all previous concepts and the invariant natural laws deduced therefrom. For the first time, they say that-particularly the product supply is carried out as a product stream with as wide a surface as possible-and this is directly charged into the area of the separation zone present at the high end of the table. In particular, I was able to release a new idea and realize it without any load.

The bed table must act as a good bed table by allowing the underlying heavy contaminants to be transported to the higher side of the table. In this way, most of the heavy contaminants remain within the separation zone when the product is fed at the high end of the table. Nevertheless, even if a piece of the heavy contaminants is carried downwards, it moves again to the higher end region with even greater certainty than all previously known solutions. To do. Now, only the elaborate formation of the end separation area, the correct adjustment of the air volume and the table tilt, the problem of the optimal way of working are achieved. According to the invention, it is easy to achieve an edge separation with the maximum possible width by creating a product stream with a wide surface known per se, and thus without unnecessary layer thickness. A particularly favorable premise for the optimization of is possible. that time,
Guide plates spaced above the table surface assist in creating a wide surface product stream.

In that case, a flow direction reversal for the lighter bed, i.e. a flow direction reversal in the area of the higher end of the bed table, is formed in a manner known per se and further towards the higher side of the bed table. Air likewise flows through the continuing table part, so that the lighter part is lifted from the table surface. According to the invention, with the exception of stones,
The product stream is prevented from moving further to the higher side of the table by the air flow directed above the separation area and towards the lower side of the table, which acts in the manner of a substantially blow-in or air-impingement device. (See Figure 2). This directed back-blown flow does more than just separate the heaviest contaminants (stones) from the shell grains. The backblow flow also allows for control of the ratio in the separation zone and prevents the lighter bed or object from being carried with the heaviest contaminants onto the bed table to the higher side of the bed table.

In a very particularly advantageous embodiment, the product stream is first fed to the first upper bed table and flows to the higher side of said first upper bed table consisting of a mixture of heavier shell-grain material and stone. The heavy bed has a wide surface from the upper end of the first upper bed table to the upper extent of the table surface of the second lower bed table below which is flowed by the same air. To be supplied as a stream,
At least the stones of the heavy layer are guided at the upper end of the first upper layer table.

By this means, it is possible to carry off from the upper bed table surface approximately half the load, which contains almost 100% of all heavy contaminants, as a heavy bed onto the lower bed table. The natural separation of the heaviest contaminants to be separated takes place here in the lower table. In this way, it is possible to double the product charge with the same amount of air in a single device, but without any loss in terms of separation quality.

In another particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention,
The product on the upper ply table is moved to the higher side of the ply table with a smaller vibrating transport component than the product on the lower ply table, and the heavier shell grain material of the heavy ply of the upper ply table is down. In the lower and / or central area of the bed table.

This has the advantage that the stone sorting takes place in two stages which are temporally and spatially separated.

In addition, the product stream feed is directed towards the light shell layer flow direction (or against the heavy shell bed flow direction).
Suggest to do.

In a more particularly advantageous manner of formation, the backflow is introduced between the guide plate and the bed table. In this way, in particular, it is possible to direct the air flow in a simple manner, which allows the separation of heavy and light product particles.

In a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the method, at least one bed table is exposed to a common vibration together with a circulating air operating casing and a suction hood attached to said bed table, which has a separating partition for the supply air and the discharge air. Be done.

This has the advantage that the whole system has a self-cleaning effect. The shaking movement, ie the adhering dust particles, is constantly shaken off. Therefore, time-consuming cleaning can be eliminated. Thereby it is ensured that the cross-section of the flow path is not changed by the adhering particles and as a result it is possible to guarantee a flow rate ratio which always remains the same.

The individual elements are arranged inside the casing and the suction hood and the casing and the suction hood can be vibrated together so that the product is constantly rocked when it is fed to the bed table.

By vibrating both the table and the product distribution element at the same time, a substantially misty, wide surface product expansion is maintained on the bed table due to the separation process. Similarly, this common formation of the essential elements for the separation process inside the casing and the suction hood is:
The known technique has the advantage of avoiding the disadvantageous sealing problem.

In a very particularly advantageous embodiment, the casing and the suction hood together with the bed table form a vibratably supported box, which, including the bed table, is subjected to a common vibration.

A further completely advantageous development idea is that the product supply takes place in the form of a stream with as wide a surface as possible in the region of the separation area of the bed table, which is present at the higher end of the bed table, and the air is sucked in. Is carried away from the upper center and is fed across the width of the lower bed table end. This has the advantage that the air supply acts from the beginning on the entire table width from below as well. Similarly, an air flow exiting the box can be achieved with almost no undesirable vortex formation.

Due to the compact and sophisticated construction scheme and the transmission of the necessary vibrations to all structural parts, it is possible in a simple manner to separate the individual functions from one another and hermetically secure the casing in a simple manner.

In another particularly advantageous embodiment of the method, the circulating air is purified from dust constituents in an area above the air discharge conduit in the middle of the suction hood and above the air supply conduit below the suction hood. Along with that, the cleaning of the flowing air is advantageously carried out at a time when the formation of undesired vortices by the exhaust element for cleaning cannot exert a disturbing effect on the air flow acting on the table. be able to.

In yet another particularly advantageous implementation idea, in the case of two bed tables arranged one above the other, the product stream on the upper bed table projects downwards from this bed table surface and spreads over the entire width of the bed table. A heavy layer, which is guided through a trough-shaped depression (a pool of stones and material) towards the lower ply table, when it reaches the depression, then passes through a plurality of drop holes at the bottom of the depression and subsequently said depression. Is guided to the central area of the lower bed table via a chute which is located below the bottom of the bed and which is inclined in the direction opposite to the upper bed table, while in the direction of flow of the trough-like depressions of the upper bed table. A light layer flowing over it is fed to the outlet for the light material. In this way, advantageously, a heavy layer can be permanently settled into the stone debris and discharged directly downwards. Therefore, very high screening efficiencies are obtained for the heaviest contaminants, and additionally clean separations can be achieved with only minimal overspending.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the ply table is provided with a suction hood which vibrates together and a fixed platform arranged above it, the product being fed to the fixed platform via the product inlet, with a flexible collar. Through the distribution box of the supply passage, which vibrates together with the suction hood, where it is guided like a stepped waterfall and from the distribution box through the guide plates to the bed table, whereby the same different falling flows are layered. Formed over the entire width of the table.

The invention further relates to an apparatus for separating and sorting heavy contaminants from a product stream, especially stones from shell material, comprising a feed passage for feeding the product stream to a bed table. Above the table, a uniform laminar flow of heavier layers towards the higher side of the bed table and lighter layers towards the lower side of the bed table is created by the separation region and the flow in the region of the upper bed table end. The bed table is flowed through and tilted by air so that it is formed in the direction reversal section and the heavy contaminants that are directly on the bed table are separated and carried away at the higher bed table end. And a device capable of being exposed to vibrations having a vibration-carrying component in the direction of the upper layer table end.

The problem previously mentioned in the method section is that in a device of the above type the feed passages are formed like stepped waterfalls and flow directly through the guide plates spaced above the bed table. Air flowing toward the reversal section of the heavy shell-grain material, which is open in the area of the reversal section and which moves to the higher side of the bed table in order to separate the heaviest contaminants (stones) from the shell-grain material. It is solved by the fact that means are provided for blowing the flow (back-blowing flow) into the separation zone. A guide plate spaced above the bed table has the advantage that the product to be charged is evenly distributed on the bed table and at the same time its lower side serves as a guide for the air flow.

The first experimental results with the new device were quite particularly surprisingly good. This is because at the same screening efficiency and at the same air consumption, the product charge could be increased in part by more than 50% without the need for higher construction costs for the new equipment.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the supply channels open over the entire width of the bed table in the region of the flow reversals. This has the advantage that the products to be separated can be charged as a stream with a broad surface and on a large scale.

In another particularly advantageous embodiment, the supply channel comprises a distributor box and a guide plate connected to the distributor box, which distributor box and guide plate provide a uniform drop flow with respect to the flow of the feed product. To form a stepped waterfall to create the full width of the.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the guide plate has an overflow edge and a bottom opening in the region of its end pointing in the direction of flow, so that the main amount of product is spread over the bed table as a product stream with a wide surface. Flowing and heavy contaminants are discharged through the bottom opening. With this overflow edge, it is achieved that the product stream has a particularly wide surface. This is because, after the tank in front of this overflow edge has been filled with sufficient width, a uniform flow of downward flow from the tank onto the bed of the bed below it flows freely.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, an end separation area for stone sorting is arranged between the guide plate and the bed surface.

Another breakthrough considering even greater charging efficiency is
This can only be achieved by arranging two commonly vibrating bed tables one above the other and flowing through by the same air.

The lower bed table has a greater oscillating transport component in the direction towards the higher side of the bed table than the upper bed table, so that the upper surface of the lower bed table is more uneven than the upper surface of the upper bed table. It is convenient to have Thereby, the upper ply table advantageously serves as a preliminary ply table. It is likewise advantageous for the upper bed table to have at its end on the higher side at least one discharge opening which serves as a supply passage for the lower bed table. Therefore, the smallest, heavier material portion can be directed directly to the higher end of the lower table.

It is particularly expedient if the feed passages for the lower bed table extend over the entire width of the upper bed table in order to produce a uniform distribution of material in the lower bed table.

Both bed tables are advantageously arranged relative to each other so that the upper bed table feeds the product to the higher table end of the lower bed table. In this way, almost all of the product to be separated can be fed to the lower table location where an unexpectedly good separation is possible.

It is particularly expedient for at least one bed table to be part of a box, which is vibrated with it, designed for circulating air operation for bed bed flow.

This has the advantage that not only the layer table, but also the box connected to it at the same time is thoroughly rocked. At the same time, the self-cleaning effect can be achieved to the extent that dust particles that adhere can be shaken off during operation of the device. At the same time, the entire system can be formed inside the box without the usual sealing problems. This is because the system according to the invention is airtight towards the outside, so that the air can be properly controlled internally.

If the system is not airtight inside the box, ie to the outside air, it will be a mixture of air that disturbs the entire air guiding system. It is likewise advantageous to introduce air extensively over the entire lower table surface, already in the lower region of the bed table. Therefore, in a nutshell, there is a possibility that it can be fanned out with a wide surface under optimal air supply at the same time, and the product supply and the air supply can be optimal without interfering with each other. It is possible to supply various products.

In another advantageous embodiment of the device, the product supply passage is part of the box. This has the advantage that the product supply passage oscillates with the box and this vibration already loosens the product before hitting the rocking table, forming a so-called mist. This fog guarantees a wide distribution over the table. Furthermore, when purifying at the same time based on rocking, purification can be expected along with the supply of the product.

In another particularly advantageous embodiment, the inside of the box is provided with an air intake space and a circulating air supply passage separated from it by a separating partition, which circulating air supply passage is on the lower side of at least one bed table. Open in the end area of. As a result, the air intake space as well as the circulating air supply passage can be made dimensionally large so that significant contraction does not have unwanted vortex or other unpleasant flow effects. The overall air flow is guided through the table without obstruction inside the box, which can be achieved especially over the entire width of the lower surface of the bottom table.

In a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, on the upper side of the box there is a product inlet at one end of the box, an air discharge conduit approximately at the center of the box and a circulating air passageway at opposite ends. An air supply conduit for is arranged. Thereby, the circulating air conveyed through the respective bed tables can be sucked into the center of the box with a good flow ratio without anticipating the disturbance of the flow characteristics due to the products supplied. Nevertheless, for lateral product feeding, the product can be fed to the center of the bed table to be charged. At the same time, this particularly advantageous embodiment allows air to be expediently sucked in below the center of the bed table. Along with that, sufficient space remains for the circulating air supply passage. This is because the so-called outlet of the material can be made relatively narrow without disturbing the air supply. As a result, in the area below the bed table, the air is as wide as
Therefore, supply air from below over the entire table width,
You can pass it smoothly.

In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, the box is oscillatably mounted on a frame, which frame has a fixed platform in its upper region, the platform being connected to the circulating air separator via an air discharge conduit and It is connected to the box via a flexible collar. Due to this compact and sophisticated construction scheme, sealing problems can only occur on the three posts on the top of the box, which are connected via the flexible collar to the platform, which is the fixed part of the frame that does not vibrate. The seal can be formed in a particularly reliable manner because of this a long-established flexible collar can be used. After all, if the action of the seal is reliable, there will be no disturbance in the flow process inside the box.

In the most advantageous embodiment, a circulating air separator is connected with the intake fan and with the dust discharge conduit. In this way, fine hulls and dust-like obstructions can be removed from the air stream. Furthermore, it is advantageous to connect the circulating air passage with an intake connection for the fine dust filter. As a result, dust accumulation in the entire device is advantageously avoided, and operational reliability and hygiene can be increased. With circulating air operation, only a small fraction of the total air volume must be guided through the fine dust filter.

In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, the upper table surface, in the region of its lower side, has a trough-shaped depression (with a drop hole at the bottom of the trough to additionally separate the product streams of the heavy and light layers). It has a pool of stones and materials.

It should be noted that the present invention allows for high grade sorting in stone sorting and in all extraneous heavy portions still present in the sieved grain material. In addition, the air consumption is advantageously low, the method and device are simple, and in particular not very sensitive to variations in the charge.

Next, some examples of the present invention will be described in more detail. There, FIG. 1 shows the simplest form of a small table sorter for stones, FIG. 2 shows the product feed onto the bed table, and FIG. 3 the same empirical figure as FIG. The solution,
FIG. 4 shows a trial solution with two table surfaces for a particularly high product load, FIG. 4 a solution according to FIG. 1, but a solution with circulating air passages, FIG.
Fig. 6 shows a solution with a circulating air passage, Fig. 6 shows Fig. 5 with a circulating air separator, Fig. 7 shows stone sorting along with the addition of two heavy layers FIG. 8 is a solution similar to that of FIG. 3 having a structure, FIG. 8 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 7, FIG. 9 shows a quarry on the surface of a layer table, and FIG. Figure 9 shows a device similar to Figures 3, 7 and 8 with a circulated air passage.

Subsequently, FIGS. 1 and 2 are cited. In that case, FIG. 1 shows a basic version of a new stone sorting device 1, in which a new shell grain material containing products, ie contaminants, is introduced through a product inlet 2 onto a bed table 3. From there, it is carried away via the material outlet 4 as purified shell material. A closed suction hood 5 having a suction opening 6 is arranged above the bed table 3. This suction hood 5 forms with the bed table 3 a vibrating device 7, which can be vibrated by a vibration generator 8 having a vibrating component towards the higher end of the bed table 3. . The higher end of the bed table 3 is formed by the guide plate 19 as an end separation area. The entire oscillating unit 7 is supported via a spring element 9 on a frame 10 which is firmly upright on a floor 11. Also rigidly connected to the frame 10 is a non-vibrating stationary platform 12 fitted with a material inlet 2 as well as an air exhaust conduit 13. Further, the air discharge conduit 13 is provided with an air amount adjusting flap 14 for adjusting the air sucked through the whole stone sorting apparatus 1. The connection between the vibrating part or vibrating unit 7 and the stationary platform 12 is made via a flexible collar 15 arranged behind the product inlet 2.

The layer table 3 preferably has at least an approximate rectangle in plan view. At the higher end of the ply table, the ply table 3 can be pulled out for service work. The product transfer area extends over the entire table width. Its width is indicated by B in FIG. 2 and the layer thickness is indicated by D. The formation of the product stream 20 with a large surface, also called the material mist, is carried out in two stages by the supply passages which supply the product stream for the purpose of product delivery. As a part of the vibrating suction hood 5, fresh shell material with product or contaminants is introduced into the distribution box 17.
Due to the vibration, the distribution box 17 transfers a uniform and wide distribution amount of the shell-grained material including the contaminants, and this distribution box is stepped downward as apparent from FIG. 1 in order to enhance this effect. It is formed like a cascade with stepped waterfalls. For the same purpose, a retention flap 18, which is likewise provided on the distribution box 17, serves, so that the grain material containing the contaminants is already spread over the entire table width directly as a product stream with a wide surface. It is directed onto the plate 19 and then onto the bed table 3 as a uniform broad product stream 20. In this way, the distribution box 17 and the guide plate 19 form a supply passage for supplying the product flow. In addition, the expansion of the product stream 20 with a wide surface is assisted by the fact that the guide plate 19 has an overflow edge 16 at its free end and is therefore shaped like a tub. In order to pre-separate the heavier and lighter parts of the product, the still tank-shaped guide plate 19 has a bottom opening for the passage of heavier contaminants or unwanted substances.

The wide and uniform expansion of the product stream over the bed table 3 is particularly shown in FIG. In this figure, forming in layers is intentionally exaggerated. The layer table 3 has a mechanical grid 21 which is uneven as a product support.
And has a so-called sandwich structure, as is known per se, in which the mechanical grid 21 is carried by a slab 34 arranged in a honeycomb form to form the upper side, which slab is of fine perforations. It is held downward by a perforated plate 22. In the individual areas 23 between the strips 34, purifiers 24 are arranged, which purifiers also have a mechanical grid 21 and perforated plates.
Keep 22 clean too. More important in this case is the perforated plate
22 has an air resistance which is significantly greater than the air resistance of the mechanical grid 21, for example an air resistance which is 1:10 in magnitude scale. Due to this means, the air distribution is reduced to the mechanical grid 21.
Can be kept substantially constant over the entire surface of the layer table 3 depending on the layer thickness above.

The product layered formation itself consists essentially of three different layers, in which case the lower heavy layer 25 containing heavy contaminants is conveyed by mechanical radiation vibrations to the higher side of the layer table. The light layer 26 freed from heavy contaminants is not only loosened by the proper airflow, but also in the mechanical grid 21.
Will be kept floating at a distance above. Layer table 3
Is slightly tilted and the upper light layer 26 directly contains the carrier pulse directed to the higher side of the layer table, but is kept in oscillation so that this light layer moves to the lower side of the table. To do. In addition, the inclination of the bed table 3 can be adjusted by the adjusting device 35. The third layer 27 is a much heavier contaminant, which is usually composed of few particles, few foreign particles, stones 28, etc. A material consisting of a heavy shell grain material 29 and, for example, a half shell grain and a lighter portion such as an outer skin portion 30 is shown in a substantially corresponding shape. The heavy material falls immediately with the stone 28 onto the vibrating bed table surface 21 and moves to the higher side of the bed table due to the vibration and the uneven bed table surface formed as a mechanical grid 21.

In order to achieve the described function, it is now important to guide the airflow correctly. The full-thickness table surface is passed through from the bottom to the top by the intake flow, the direction of which is evident by the arrow 31. This air flow 31
Brings the grain material into a strongly fluidized state. The heaviest contaminants, i.e. stones 28, must be separated at the higher end of the bed table and carried from there to a stone chute 45, so that a corresponding backblow 33 is formed, which results in a light bed. That is, the shell material is prevented from being carried along with the heaviest contaminants towards the higher side of the bed table. The backflow is particularly expediently formed below the guide plate 19. If the guide plate 19 is fixedly connected to the suction hood wall, the air guided in the slit between the guide plate and the bed table can escape only in the direction 33.

Thus, the air flow prevents the material from moving further to the higher side of the bed table in front of the end separation area, with the exception of the stones 28 present there. The stone 28 can continue its movement to the higher end of the bed table.

The same back-blowing flow 33 causes the flow direction reversal 32 which is actually apparent. At the position of the flow direction reversal portion 32, the shell-grain material 29 released from the stone 28 has a strong air flow.
It is lifted from the table surface by 31, 33 and is now free to flow to the lower side of the table with all the lighter material in the lifted upper layer. The lightest material is immediately carried out at the material outlet 4, but in some cases the intermediate shell-grain material can cause a recurring itinerant motion to the high side of the bed table and the low side of the bed table. This is especially true for marginal grain.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, the product stream 20 is fed to the region of the DC flow direction reversal section 32. The flow direction reversal section 32 is formed by three forces, namely the mechanical transport action to the higher side of the bed table, the outflow of the light bed 26 to the lower side of the bed table and the backblow flow 33.

The main structural difference between FIG. 3 and FIG. 1 is that in FIG. 3, two layer tables are used, namely an upper layer table 3a and a lower layer table 3b. Basically, both layer tables 3a and 3b have the same construction, for example as in FIG. In the upper bed table 3a, as a rule, no back-blowing flow 33 occurs, so that not only the heaviest contaminants but also the entire heavy bed 25 are moved to the higher side of the bed table and the baffle plate 41 is removed by means of the discharge passage 40. It can be dropped onto the guide plate 19 through. From the guide plate 19, the way of operation of the bed table 3b is the same as the way of operation of the bed table 3 of FIG. 1 or FIG.

In order to prevent the new product stream 20 coming from the distribution box 17 from mixing directly with the heavier bed 25, a guide plate 42 is arranged at the uppermost position between the distribution box 17 and the bed table 3a. ing.

The flow of the product flowing away is discharged through the product chute 43 to the discharge passage 44 of the layer table 3b directly below. Then both layer tables 3a released from the heaviest contaminants
Both material streams 3 and 3b are again led together to the material outlet 4. All the heaviest contaminants, such as stone 28, are separated from the upper layer table 3a along with the heavier layer 25. Then, on the lower layer table 3b, first the original separation and the removal of the separated stones 28 are carried out via the stone chute 45. In this case, the stones are sorted at the temporally and spatially separated stages. That is, firstly the formation of a concentrate with all heavy materials is carried out, for example, in the upper layer table 3a from 30% to 60% of the total product charge, and firstly from the reduced product charge the stone And other heaviest contaminants are sorted, separated and carried away.

FIG. 4 is identical to FIG. 1 in terms of product guidance, and FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. However, the solution idea of FIGS. 4 and 5 additionally comprises a box 50 which is additionally enclosed by a casing for circulating air operation, which box is in a suction hood surrounding one or more bed tables. Is divided into an upper suction air conditioner 51 and a lower suction space 52 by a layer table. Furthermore, by additionally adding a casing for circulating air operation to the suction hood on the right side in FIGS. 4 and 5, the bed table together with the casing forms a box 50 designed for circulating air operation. As a result, in the box 50, the one surface 5'of the suction hood serves as a separation partition for the supply air and the discharge air, so that the circulation air passage 53 is provided at the side of the lower end of one or a plurality of bed tables. It is formed. The circulating air passage 53 is connected to the air supply conduit 55 via a flexible hose 54 and an air supply connection piece 55 '. An air quantity limiting flap 56 is arranged in the air supply conduit 55. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the box 50 itself is supported by the fixed frame 10 via the spring element 9. On the upper side of the box 50, a product inflow connecting piece 2 ′ connected to the product inlet 2 is provided at one end thereof, and an air exhaust connecting piece 13 ′ connected to the air exhaust conduit 13 is provided substantially at the center thereof.
However, an air supply connecting piece 55 'connected to the air supply conduit 55 is arranged on the opposite end side facing the one end. The connecting pieces 2 ', 13', 55 'mentioned above are connected via the flexible collars 15, 54 to the stationary platform 12 which does not vibrate on the one hand and the box 50 on the other hand, and thus its movement. Can be involved in. In the two-stage machine according to FIG. 5, the two material outlets 4 are arranged as tubular material passages 57 on both sides (perpendicular to the forming plane), so that the space left between the two material passages 57. Becomes the circulating air passage 53. Box 50 is boxed in FIGS. 4 and 5 for better clarity.

In complementing FIGS. 4 and 5, a circulating air separating device 60 is additionally shown in FIG. 6 together with a suction and supply fan 61 and a motor drive 62. The air discharge conduit 13 is in this case led directly to the circulating air separator 60, in which fine skins and essential or disturbing parts of the dust are removed from the air flow via the dust discharge conduit 64.

Air purification has advantages in most cases where circulating air is used. This is because it is possible to effectively avoid dust accumulation in the entire device, and increase the reliability of operation and hygiene. Since the circulating air operation has a great advantage, only the minimum air volume is, for example 10% of the circulating air volume.
Must be guided through a dust filter. For this purpose, a suction connection 65 is provided. Circulating air separator 60
Can be fixed directly to the ceiling 66 of the room together with the ventilator.

FIG. 7 has a fundamental difference compared with FIG. 3 as far as the following points are satisfied. That is, in FIG. 7, only a small portion of the product charging amount passes through an example of a relatively large hole 71 across the entire width of the table, and is an area above the flow direction reversal portion of the bed table 3d which is located downward. Is released to. Shoot in the range of the table edge where the main area of heavy material is lower
It is led via 72 to the center of the bed table 3d substantially below and over the entire table width. Numerous series of measurements have nevertheless found that this solution releases most of the stones through the holes 71 directly onto the lower bed table 3d. In the solution according to FIGS. 7 and 8, the upper ply table 3c, as shown in FIG.
It is important that the upper layer table 3c is a perforated plate and the lower layer table 3d is a mechanical grid, so that it has only a slightly rougher surface than the lower layer table 3d.

An independent idea of particular interest is still shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. This is to use the stone and material pool 80 in the area of the upper layer table 3c. The way it works is as follows. The stone and material pool 80 consists of a trough-like depression 81 extending over the entire width of the layer table 3c. Similar to FIG. 2, FIGS. 8 and 9 also have two different layers formed: a heavy layer 25 and a light layer 26 free of heavy contaminants.

Since the surface of the upper layer table 3c has only one unevenness, the flow toward the higher side of the original layer table does not occur. At least the entire heavy ply 25 cannot be moved towards the higher side of the ply table. On the contrary, the lower heavy bed 25 flows to the lower side of the bed table significantly later, as indicated by the single arrow 82. On the other hand, the lighter layer 26 flows at a higher velocity (double arrow 83) to the lower side of the layer table. Now, the heavy layer once reaches the extent of the trough 81 and is forced to sink into the stone and material pool 80. The puddle 80 of stone and material has a number of drop holes 84 at its bottom through which some of the material with the stone is below the chute 72 or of the lower layer table 3d. It is continuously carried over. Correctly adjusting the number of effective drop holes 84 in consideration of the flow rate of the heavy layer
It is possible to separate the light and heavy layers so that 25 constantly sinks all in the stone and material pool 80 and is carried out directly downward. Two major benefits arise from it.

1. Even with this, a very high sorting rate for the heaviest contaminants (stones etc.) is obtained.

2. Pure heavy material (good quality kernels) in addition to the separation of the heaviest contaminants with the least possible overspending
And the rest can be separated into lighter materials (husks, twist kernels and litter kernels).

Therefore, the separation of various basic substances (stones, heavy materials, light materials) can be carried out in a single device and with very high quality.

Finally, FIG. 10 shows a device which operates according to the same principle as the device according to FIGS. 3, 7 and 8. For this reason
Repeated mention of the same structural unit at this point is futile. The device according to FIG. 10 exerts an influence conditioned on the air flow characteristics in the box 50 exclusively at the following points, i.e. the circulating air passages 53 'are arranged separately in the box 50 and by means of this. The difference is that things can be avoided.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP 59-276 (JP, B1) JP 59-6712 (JP, B1) JP 61-502041 (JP, A) Practical application Sho 56- Microfilm (JP, U) of the contents of the specification and drawings attached to the application for No. 29976 (No. 57-145571, Shokai)

Claims (29)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for separating heavy contaminants, especially stone (28), from shell-grain material, comprising: a) a.1) on the bed table (3; 3b, 3d), the higher side of the bed table. A uniform laminar flow (25,2) consisting of a heavy layer (25) towards the bed and a light layer (26) towards the lower side of the bed table.
6) is a flow direction reversal section (32) in which the separation area of the contaminant and the shell-grain material in the upper end area of the bed table and the flow direction of the heavy shell-grain material toward the higher side of the bed table are reversed. A) and a.2) so that heavy contaminants directly on the bed table (3; 3b, 3d) are separated and carried away at the higher end of the bed table. A product stream (20) consisting of contaminants is fed from the product inlet (2) onto the inclined bed table (3; 3b, 3d) through which air is flowing and vibrates. C) in a process which is guided over and then formed into layers, and b) the product stream is fed as a stream with as wide a face as possible into the separation zone of the product layer (25,26), c ) Product stream (20) is introduced like a cascade, and then d) layer table Is fed directly into the area of said flow direction reversal (32) on the bed table (3; 3b, 3d) via guide plates (19) spaced above the plane, and e) the heaviest In order to separate the contaminants (stones 28) from the shell-grain material (29), the air stream (33) is moved towards the flow direction reversal of the heavy shell-grain material (29) which moves to the higher side of the bed table. Of the heavy shell-grain material is blown into the separation region (32) in a direction opposite to the flow direction. 2. A product stream (20) is first fed to a first upper bed table (3a, 3c), said first stream consisting of a mixture of heavier shell-grain material (29) and stone (28). The same of the second lower bed table (3b; 3d) with the heavy bed (25) flowing to the higher side of the upper bed table from the upper end of the first upper bed table below it. The heavy layer (25) of stone and stone-like grain material of a weight similar to that of the stone are first overlaid so as to be supplied as a stream with a wide surface to the upper end region of the table surface flowed by air. Layer table (3a; 3
Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it leads at the upper end of c). 3. The product on the upper layer table (3a; 3c) is
The heavier layer (25) of the upper layer table (3a; 3c) is moved to the higher side of the layer table (3a; 3c) with an oscillating transport component that is smaller than the product on the lower layer table (3b; 3d).
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the heavier shell-grained material according to claim 2 is fed to the lower end area and / or the central area of the lower bed table (3b; 3d). 4. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that the product stream is fed onto the bed table in the direction of the lighter layer (26) or against the direction of the heavier layer (25).
The method according to any one of 1 to 3. 5. A reverse blow flow (33) blown in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the heavy bed toward the high side of the bed table.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the guide is guided between the guide plate (19) and the bed table (3a; 3b; 3d). 6. At least one layer table (3; 3a; 3b; 3).
c; 3d) is exposed to a common vibration together with a circulating air operating casing and suction hood attached to the bed table, which has a separating partition for the supply air and the discharge air. The method according to any one of 1 to 5. 7. A box (5) in which a casing and a suction hood, together with a layer table (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d), are oscillatably supported.
0) and this box (50) has a layer table (3; 3a; 3b; 3c;
Method according to claim 6, characterized in that it is exposed to a common vibration, including 3d). 8. The feed of the product is in the range of a separation region (32) of the laminar flow (25,26) of the product present at the higher end of the bed table as a flow with a face as wide as possible. 8. A method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that air is carried away from the upper center of the suction hood and is supplied over a wide width in the area of the end of the lower bed table. 9. The circulating air is purified from dust components in a range above an air discharge conduit (13) in the center of the suction hood and an air supply conduit (23) below the suction hood.
A method according to any one of claims 6 to 8. 10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising two layer tables (3c; 3d) arranged one above the other, the product on the upper layer table (3c). Flow is guided toward the lower layer table through a tank-shaped recess (81) (stone and material pool (80)) projecting downward from this layer table surface and spreading over the entire width of the layer table, A heavy layer (25) reaching the depression then passes through a plurality of drop holes (84) at the bottom of the depression and subsequently continues below the bottom of the depression (81) and above the bed table (3c). Through the chute (72) inclined in the opposite direction to the lower layer table (3
Guided to the central area of d), while the upper layer table (3c)
Any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lighter layer (26) flowing over in the direction of flow of the trough-like depression (80) is supplied to the outlet (44) for the lighter material. One way. 11. The bed table is provided with a co-oscillating suction suction hood and a fixed platform (12) arranged above it, the product passing through the material inlet (2) to the fixed platform (12). It is fed and, via the flexible collar (15), is guided to the distribution box (17) of the supply passage, which vibrates with the suction hood, where it is guided like a cascade and from the distribution box (17) a guide plate. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it flows through the bed (19) into the bed table, whereby the same various falling streams are formed over the entire width of the bed table. 12. An apparatus for separating and sorting heavy contaminants from a product stream (20), in particular stone (28) from a shell material (29), comprising: a) a product stream B) b1) above the bed table (3; 3b; 3d) with the heavy bed (25) and bed table towards the higher side of the bed table (3; 3b; 3d) Uniform laminar flow (25,26) consisting of light layers (26) towards the lower side of the
However, in the separation area of the contaminant and the shell-grain material in the higher end area of the bed table and the flow direction reversal section (32) in which the flow direction of the heavy shell-grain material toward the higher side of the bed table is reversed. The bed table is air so that as it is formed and b2) the heavy contaminants directly on the bed table (3; 3b; 3d) are separated and carried away at the higher end of the bed table. In a device which is flowed through by means of a sloping and which can be exposed to vibrations which are inclined and which have a vibration-carrying component in the direction of the higher end of the bed table, c) the supply passage is formed like a cascade And d) open directly in the area of the flow direction reversal section (32) via a guide plate (19) spaced above the bed table (3; 3b; 3d), and e) most To separate heavy contaminants (stone (28) from shell material (29) , Means for blowing an air stream (33) into the separation area (32) towards the flow direction reversal portion of the heavy shell grain material (29) moving to the higher side of the bed table. Characterized device. 13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the feed passage opens over the entire width of the bed table (3; 3b; 3c) in the region of the flow direction reversal (32). 14. The supply passage comprises a distributor box (17) and a guide plate (19) connected to the distributor box, the distributor box and the guide plate providing a uniform falling flow with respect to the flow of feed products. 14. A device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that it forms a stepped waterfall to create over the full width of the bed table. 15. The flow of product having a surface with a wide main volume of product, since the guide plate (19) has an overflow edge (16) and a bottom opening in the range of its end pointing in the flow direction. 20)
One of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the heavy contaminants (28,29) flowing over the bed table (3; 3b; 3c) as a discharge are discharged through the bottom opening. Device by one. 16. Out of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the guide plate (19) is arranged between the layers table (3b) with an end separation area for stone selection. Device by any one of. 17. A two-layer table (3a; 3) vibrating in common.
Device according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that b; 3c; 3d) are arranged one above the other and are flowed through by the same air. 18. The lower ply table (3b; 3d) has a greater transport component in the direction towards the higher side of the ply table (3a; 3c) than the upper ply table (3a; 3c), so that the lower ply table (3b; Layered table (3a; 3c) with the upper surface of the table facing up
Device according to claim 17, characterized in that it is more uneven than the upper surface of the. 19. At least one discharge opening (40; 7) at its end on the upper side of the upper bed table (3a; 3c) serves as a common passage for the lower bed table (3b; 3d).
Device according to claim 18, characterized in that it comprises 1). 20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the feed passage for the lower bed table (3b; 3d) extends over the entire width of the upper bed table (3a; 3c). 21. Both ply tables (3a; 3b; 3c) such that the upper ply table (3a; 3c) feeds the product to the higher table end of the lower ply table (3b; 3d). ; 3d)
Claims, characterized in that they are arranged relative to one another
Device according to any one of 17 to 20. 22. At least one layer table (3a; 3b; 3)
c; 3d) is any part of a box (50) oscillating therewith, which is designed for circulating air operation for flow through a bed table (50). Device by one. 23. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that the product inlet (2) is part of a box (50). 24. Inside the box (50), there is provided an air suction space (51) and a circulating air supply passage (53) separated from it by a separating partition (5 '). Device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that it opens into the lower end region of at least one layer table (3; 3b; 3d). 25. On the upper side of the box (50), a product inlet (2) is provided at one end side of the box, and an air discharge conduit (1) is provided substantially at the center of the box.
3), but on the opposite end side there is a circulating air passageway (53)
Device according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that an air supply conduit (55) for is arranged. 26. A box (50) is oscillatably mounted on a frame (10), the frame having a fixed platform (12) in its upper region, the fixed platform (1) being provided therewith.
2) is a circulating air separator (1) via an air discharge conduit (13)
6) connected to the box (5) via a flexible collar (54)
Claim 25, characterized in that it is linked to
Equipment by. 27. The circulating air separator (60) is an intake fan (6).
Device according to claim 26, characterized in that it is connected to 1) and to a dust discharge conduit (64). 28. A method according to any one of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the circulating air passage (53) is connected to an intake connection (65) for the fine dust filter. apparatus. 29. A drop hole () in the bottom of the vessel for the additional separation of the product streams of the heavier layer (25) and the lighter layer (26) in the region of its lower layer table surface (3a) on its lower side. Device according to any one of claims 12 to 28, characterized in that it has a trough-like depression (81) with 84).