KR940004082A - 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기 복합 피복 강판 - Google Patents

가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기 복합 피복 강판 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR940004082A
KR940004082A KR1019930016115A KR930016115A KR940004082A KR 940004082 A KR940004082 A KR 940004082A KR 1019930016115 A KR1019930016115 A KR 1019930016115A KR 930016115 A KR930016115 A KR 930016115A KR 940004082 A KR940004082 A KR 940004082A
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
steel sheet
resin
silica
organic composite
composite coated
Prior art date
Application number
KR1019930016115A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
KR960002636B1 (ko
Inventor
시게꼬 수지따
료이찌 무꼬
교오꼬 하마하라
가즈오 모찌즈끼
노부유끼 모리또
Original Assignee
도사끼 시노부
가와사끼 세이데쓰 가부시끼가이샤
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 도사끼 시노부, 가와사끼 세이데쓰 가부시끼가이샤 filed Critical 도사끼 시노부
Publication of KR940004082A publication Critical patent/KR940004082A/ko
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR960002636B1 publication Critical patent/KR960002636B1/ko

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50Multilayers
    • B05D7/51One specific pretreatment, e.g. phosphatation, chromatation, in combination with one specific coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/095Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D143/00Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D143/04Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/08Anti-corrosive paints
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/24Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/82After-treatment
    • C23C22/83Chemical after-treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2350/00Pretreatment of the substrate
    • B05D2350/20Chromatation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12542More than one such component
    • Y10T428/12549Adjacent to each other
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556Organic component
    • Y10T428/12569Synthetic resin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611Oxide-containing component

Abstract

아연 또는 아연계 합금도금 강판 표면상에 Cr6+량이 전체 Cr량에 대해 70%이하이고, 부착량이 Cr 환산으로 5-500㎎/㎡인 크로메이트 피막을 갖으며, 이 크로메이트 피막의 상층에 부착량이 건조 중량으로 0.1-3g/㎡이며 주로 수분산 실라카와 음이온계 수성수지, 비이온계 수성수지 및 음이온계 수성 우레탄 수지중 1종을 배합하여 된 수지층을 갖는, 유기복합피복 강판으로서, 제조과정에서 지구환경을 오염시키지 않는 내식성이 우수한 유기복합피복강판이다.

Description

가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기복합 피복강판
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 수지와 실리카의 배합비의 가공후 내식성에의 효과를 나타낸 도면,
제2도는 음이온계 수성우레탄 수지의 신장과 인장강도를 변화시킨 경우의 가공후 내식성에의 영향을 나타내는 도면,
제3도는 수지와 실리카의 배합비를 평판 내식성에의 효과를 나타낸 도면.

Claims (7)

  1. 아연 또는 아연계 합금도금 강판 표면상에 Cr6+량이 전체 Cr량에 대해 70%이하이고, 부착량이 Cr환산으로 5-500㎎/㎡인 크로메이트 피막을 갖고, 이 크로메이트 피막의 상층에 부착량이 건조 중량으로 0.1-3g/㎡이며 주로 수분산 실리카 및 음이온계 수성수지를 배합하여된 수지층을 갖는 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기 복합피복강판.
  2. 아연 또는 아연계 합금도금 강판 표면상에 Cr6+량이 전체 Cr량에 대해 70%이하이고, 부착량이 Cr환산으로 5-500㎎/㎡인 크토메이트 피막을 갖고, 이 크로메이트 피막의 상층에 부착량이 건조 중량으로 0.1-3g/㎡이며 주로 수분산 실리카 및 비 이온계 수성 수지를 배합하여 된 수지층을 갖는 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기 복합피복강판.
  3. 아연 또는 아연계 합금도금 강판 표면상에 Cr6+량이 전체 Cr량에 대해 70%이하이고, 부착량이 Cr환산으로 5-500㎎/㎡인 크로메이트 피막을 갖고, 이 크로메이트 피막의 상층에 부착량이 건조 중량으로 0.1-3g/㎡이며 주로 수분산 실리카 및 음이온계 수성 우레탄 수지를 배합하여된 수지층을 갖고, 수지층 중에서의 실리카와 유기 수지의 건조중량 비율이 수지 100중량부에 대해 실리카 10-60중량부인 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기 복합피복강판.
  4. 제1항 내지 제3항중 어느 한항에 있어서, 구성하는 실리카로서 평균 입자지름이 0.005-2㎛인 수성 실리카 졸을 사용하는 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기복합피복강판.
  5. 제1항 내지 제3항중 어느한항에 있어서, 구성하는 실리카로서 수분산 소수성 발연실리카를 사용하는 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기복합피복강판.
  6. 제1항, 제2항, 제4항 및 제5항중 어느한항에 있어서, 수지층중에서의 실리카와 유기수지의 건조중량 비율이 수지 l00중량부에 대하여 실리카 10-100중량부인 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기복합피복강판.
  7. 제3항에 있어서, 구성하는 음이온계 수성우레탄 수지로서 신장률이 50-100%이고 인장강도가 200kgf/㎠이상인 음이온계 수성우레탄 수지를 사용하는 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기복합피복강판.
    ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019930016115A 1992-08-17 1993-08-17 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기복합피복강판 KR960002636B1 (ko)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP21766992 1992-08-17
JP92-217669 1992-08-17
JP33263792 1992-12-14
JP92-332637 1992-12-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR940004082A true KR940004082A (ko) 1994-03-14
KR960002636B1 KR960002636B1 (ko) 1996-02-24

Family

ID=26522156

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1019930016115A KR960002636B1 (ko) 1992-08-17 1993-08-17 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기복합피복강판

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5514483A (ko)
EP (1) EP0583769B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR960002636B1 (ko)
CA (1) CA2104058C (ko)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2834686B2 (ja) * 1995-05-30 1998-12-09 大日本塗料株式会社 耐クロム溶出性および加工後耐食性に優れた有機複合被覆鋼板
US5897948A (en) * 1995-06-15 1999-04-27 Nippon Steel Corporation Surface-treated steel sheet with resin-based chemical treatment coating and process for its production
US5846660A (en) * 1996-01-10 1998-12-08 Nkk Corporation Organic composite coated steel plate
US5749644A (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-05-12 Black & Decker Inc. Flexible electrical device with attachable ends
GB2347678B (en) * 1999-03-12 2003-06-25 Albright & Wilson Uk Ltd Treating metal surfaces
US6743600B1 (en) 1999-04-30 2004-06-01 Monsanto Technologies Llc Method of removing N-terminal alanine residues from polypeptides with Aeromonas aminopeptidase
US6794159B1 (en) 1999-04-30 2004-09-21 Pharmacia Corporation Method of removing n-terminal alanine residues from polypeptides with aeromonas aminopeptidase
JP2001081392A (ja) * 1999-09-13 2001-03-27 Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd 密着性に優れた水系塗装下地用処理剤、金属材料の製造方法および金属材料
US8022058B2 (en) * 2000-05-10 2011-09-20 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Agents for preventing and treating disorders involving modulation of the RyR receptors
US7879840B2 (en) 2005-08-25 2011-02-01 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Agents for preventing and treating disorders involving modulation of the RyR receptors
US20060178495A1 (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-10 Van Ooij William J Integral resin-silane coating system
KR20150071947A (ko) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-29 현대자동차주식회사 표면처리층을 포함하는 어스볼트 및 어스볼트의 표면처리방법

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6033192B2 (ja) * 1980-12-24 1985-08-01 日本鋼管株式会社 耐食性、塗料密着性、塗装耐食性のすぐれた複合被覆鋼板
JPS58224174A (ja) * 1982-06-23 1983-12-26 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> 高耐食性防錆被覆鋼板の製造方法
JPS6136587A (ja) * 1984-07-25 1986-02-21 豊田合成株式会社 ホ−ス
JPH067950B2 (ja) * 1986-02-10 1994-02-02 株式会社神戸製鋼所 加工時の皮膜密着性並びに加工後の耐蝕性に優れた電着塗装用防錆鋼板
JPS6322637A (ja) * 1986-03-27 1988-01-30 日本鋼管株式会社 高耐食性表面処理鋼板
US4791168A (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-12-13 Basf Corporation, Inmont Division Polyurethane resins in water-dilutable basecoats having low flash and quick-drying characteristics
US4794147A (en) * 1987-07-24 1988-12-27 Basf Corporation, Inmont Division Novel non-ionic polyurethane resins having polyether backbones in water-dilutable basecoats
JPS6444387A (en) * 1987-08-10 1989-02-16 Kubota Ltd Crawler travelling gear
GB2211762B (en) * 1987-11-13 1991-11-13 Kobe Steel Ltd Zinc alloy-plated corrosion preventive steel sheet having an organic coating layer thereon and a method for making the same
JPH0735587B2 (ja) * 1988-06-30 1995-04-19 日本鋼管株式会社 高耐食性表面処理鋼板の製造方法
JPH02263633A (ja) * 1989-04-04 1990-10-26 Nippon Steel Corp プレス加工性及びスポット溶接性に優れた高耐食性着色薄膜塗装鋼板
US5017673A (en) * 1989-10-12 1991-05-21 Basf Corporation Nonionically stabilized polyester urethane resin for water-borne coating compositions
JPH0651171B2 (ja) * 1989-10-16 1994-07-06 川崎製鉄株式会社 耐食性および溶接性に優れる有機複合被覆鋼板
JP2811335B2 (ja) * 1989-10-30 1998-10-15 神東塗料株式会社 被覆組成物及び被覆金属製品の製造方法
JPH0753913B2 (ja) * 1990-11-14 1995-06-07 新日本製鐵株式会社 有機複合めっき鋼板の製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2104058C (en) 1999-05-11
CA2104058A1 (en) 1994-02-18
KR960002636B1 (ko) 1996-02-24
EP0583769A1 (en) 1994-02-23
US5514483A (en) 1996-05-07
EP0583769B1 (en) 1997-05-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR940004082A (ko) 가공후 내식성이 우수한 유기 복합 피복 강판
DE69936071D1 (de) Plattiertes stahlprodukt, plattiertes stahlblech und vorbeschichtetes stahlblech mit hervorragender korrosionsbeständigkeit
KR930021823A (ko) 수지피막을 갖는 아연계 도금강판
BE904708A (fr) Composition pour couche de fond ou primaire resistant a l&#39;ecaillement.
ATE195749T1 (de) Modifizierte polyesterharz/organische superoxid systeme für überzugmittel in einer pulverform, welche für temperaturempfindliche substrate und metallsubstrate geeignet sind
KR940005400A (ko) 유기 복합 피복 강판
Townsend Coated steel sheets for corrosion-resistant automobiles
CA2054878A1 (en) Method for producing organic composite-plated steel sheet
CA2027685A1 (en) Organic composite coated steel strip having improved corrosion resistance and weldability
KR900001877A (ko) 복층 피복강판
EP1916282A4 (en) WATERBASE LACQUER AND PAINTED STEEL PLATE
KR940021750A (ko) 프레스가공성과 내도금박리성이 우수한 합금화용융아연도금강판
KR970074870A (ko) 비스무스 바나데이트 안료
KR960040468A (ko) 내크롬용출성, 내수이차밀착성 및 가공후 내식성이 뛰어난 유기 복합 피복 강판
CA2065536A1 (en) Organic composite coated steel strip having improved corrosion resistance and spot weldability
KR960007822A (ko) 프레스 가공성과 스포트 용접성이 우수한 알루미늄 합금판
KR950704537A (ko) 유기복합도금강판 및 그것에 사용하는 도료용 수지조성물
JPS648033A (en) High corrosion resistant surface treated steel plate
KR910016970A (ko) 내식성 및 스폿용접성에 뛰어난 아연-실리카 복합 전기 도금강판
CN211887789U (zh) 高强度轻量金属复合板
Nomura et al. ORGANIC COATED STEEL SHEET" HI-SUPER-DN" FOR AUTOMOTIVE BODY PANELS
JP3069028B2 (ja) 耐食性を改善した印刷ラミネート鋼板
JP3068976B2 (ja) 耐食性・カチオン電着性に優れた有機複合鋼板
Taketsu et al. Japanese
KR840000621A (ko) 내후성(耐侯性)이 양호한 도료

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A201 Request for examination
E902 Notification of reason for refusal
G160 Decision to publish patent application
E701 Decision to grant or registration of patent right
GRNT Written decision to grant
FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20030206

Year of fee payment: 8

LAPS Lapse due to unpaid annual fee