KR20200096757A - Processing fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

A processing fluid composition, such as a metal cutting fluid concentrate, is a third surfactant selected from water, a first surfactant as an anionic surfactant, a second surfactant as an amphoteric surfactant, an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, A third surfactant different from the first and second surfactants, and water are contained together with at least one of a rust inhibitor, a color imparting agent, and a defoaming agent. The concentrate can be combined with water to provide a processing fluid, such as a metal cutting fluid composition, that can be applied to the piece of metal being cut in an amount and for a period of time effective to dissipate heat from the metal being cut.

Description

Processing fluid

Cross-reference to related applications

This application is filed on October 10, 2017 by 35 U.S.C. to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/570,617 Claims interest under § 119(e), the application of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to compositions for processing heat-generating materials (eg, cutting metal or stone), concentrates thereof, and methods of making and using such compositions.

During the process of processing (e.g., cutting) a solid material, such as stone or metal (e.g., drilling the metal or cutting pieces of metal into smaller pieces), wear on the device involved in the processing and Fluids are typically used to lubricate the cutting or forming device to reduce tearing. A fluid, for example a metal cutting fluid, is applied to the location where a material, for example a metal, is cut by a cutting device, for example a blade. The fluid serves a variety of functions, including helping to dissipate heat generated during a machining process, such as a cutting operation. If not dissipated, the heat can cause warping and/or other damage to one or both of the cutting device and the material being cut (eg metal). Other advantages of the processing fluid include improving tool life, improving surface finish, and flushing chips from the cutting zone. In fact, all cutting fluids currently in use fall into one of four categories: 1) straight oil, 2) soluble oil, 3) semi-synthetic fluid, and 4) synthetic fluid.

Straight oils are non-emulsifiable and are used in machining operations in their undiluted form. They consist of a base mineral oil or petroleum oil and often contain polar lubricants such as fats, vegetable oils and esters as well as extreme pressure additives such as chlorine, sulfur and phosphorus. Of the cutting fluids, straight oil provides the best lubrication properties and the worst cooling properties.

The soluble oil fluid forms an emulsion when mixed with water. The concentrate consists of a base mineral oil and an emulsifier to help create a stable emulsion. They are used in diluted form (typical concentration = 3 to 10%) and provide good lubrication and heat transfer performance. They are widely used in industry and are the cheapest of all cutting fluids.

Semi-synthetic fluids are essentially a combination of synthetic oil fluids and soluble oil fluids, and have characteristics common to both types. The cost and heat transfer performance of semi-synthetic fluids lies between synthetic oil fluids and soluble oil fluids.

Synthetic fluids do not contain a petroleum or mineral oil base, but are instead formulated from alkaline inorganic compounds and organic compounds with additives for corrosion inhibition. They are usually used in diluted form (typical concentration is 3-10%). Synthetic fluids often provide the best cooling performance of all cutting fluids and the poorest lubrication properties of cutting fluids.

There is a need for improved processing fluids, such as improved metal cutting fluids. The present disclosure is directed to meeting this need.

Briefly stated, the present disclosure provides, for example, a processing fluid concentrate for cutting metal, a processing fluid composition in a diluted form of the concentrate, e.g., a metal cutting fluid, a method of making the concentrate and composition. , And, for example, a method of using the concentrate and composition in a material processing process for cutting metal, stone, plastic, and the like.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising water and a non-volatile component (also referred to herein as a solid, but some of the non-volatile components may be liquid in a pure state). The solids include one or more surfactants, wherein exemplary surfactants are anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants. For example, the solid content is a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, and a third surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants and anionic surfactants, the first and second surfactants. It may contain a third surfactant different from the 2 surfactant. The solid content also includes one or more agents selected from rust inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors, which will be collectively referred to herein as rust inhibitors.

Optional non-volatile components present in the composition include thickening agents, also referred to as thickeners, suitable for increasing the viscosity or body of the composition; Inorganic salts that are water-soluble at the concentration used in the composition; Organic solvents that are miscible with water at the concentration used in the composition; Defoamers (this term includes defoamers used in an amount effective to relieve foaming of the composition when used); And one or more of a colorant, also referred to herein as a colorant, that imparts color to the composition.

As previously mentioned, the composition of the present disclosure comprises water in addition to the non-volatile non-aqueous component. In one embodiment, the composition contains relatively little water so that the composition has a high concentration of non-volatile components. Such compositions may be referred to herein as concentrate (or concentrate) compositions, or metal cleavage concentrates. The concentrate may be provided to a facility that cuts metal or otherwise processes a material, where an operator at such facility provides a fluid with properties suitable for a particular processing situation, e.g. cutting metal or other materials. The concentrate can be diluted with an amount of water. For example, cutting of bronze can benefit from a concentrate dilution rate that is different from the concentrate dilution rate used for cutting other metals, such as stainless steel. In one embodiment, the concentrate is from 5 to 50% by weight water. In another embodiment, the concentrated composition is 40-50% by weight water, and 50-60% by weight is a non-aqueous component comprising at least one of surfactants, rust inhibitors, and thickeners and inorganic salts suitable for aqueous compositions. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a metal cutting fluid ready for use in metal cutting operations. In such ready-to-use compositions, the water content is typically 75 to 99% by weight, or 75.0 to 99.9% by weight, or 90 to 99% by weight of water, or 90.0 to 99.9% by weight of water, or 97.0 to 99.9% by weight. Water, or 98.0 to 99.9 weight percent water, or 99.0 to 99.9 weight percent water.

In one embodiment, the composition is water, a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, a third surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants and anionic surfactants, wherein the first And a third surfactant different from the second surfactant, an inorganic salt, an organic solvent, a thickener, a rust inhibitor, and a defoaming agent.

The following numbered embodiments are further exemplary embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure.

One) A processing fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant, a thickener and a rust inhibitor.

2) A processing fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt and a rust inhibitor.

3) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant.

4) The composition of embodiment 3, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant comprising a sulfonate group or comprising a sulfate group.

5) The composition of embodiment 3, wherein the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

6) The composition of embodiment 3, wherein the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate.

7) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.

8) The composition of embodiment 7, wherein the amphoteric surfactant comprises a betaine group.

9) The composition of embodiment 7, wherein the first surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.

10) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, comprising two surfactants, wherein the two surfactants are each anionic surfactant.

11) The composition of embodiment 10, wherein the two surfactants are sulfate-containing surfactants and sulfonate-containing surfactants.

12) The composition of embodiment 10, wherein the two surfactants are sodium laureth sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

13) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, comprising two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other is an amphoteric surfactant.

14) The composition of embodiment 13, wherein the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant.

15) The composition of embodiment 14, wherein the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.

16) The composition of embodiment 13, wherein the two surfactants are a sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant.

17) The composition of embodiment 16, wherein the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.

18) The composition according to embodiment 1 or 2, comprising three surfactants, two of the three surfactants being unequal anionic surfactants, and one of the three surfactants being an amphoteric surfactant .

19) The composition of embodiment 18, wherein the three surfactants are sulfate-containing surfactants, sulfonate-containing surfactants and betaine-containing surfactants.

20) The composition of embodiment 19, wherein the three surfactants are sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine.

21) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the rust inhibitor is sodium nitrite.

22) The composition of embodiment 20, wherein the rust inhibitor is sodium nitrite.

23) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2 comprising a thickener which is a cellulose thickener.

24) The composition of embodiment 23, wherein the cellulose thickener is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose.

25) The composition of embodiment 20 comprising a thickener that is a cellulose thickener.

26) The composition of embodiment 25, wherein the cellulose thickener is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose.

27) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2 comprising an inorganic salt that is calcium chloride.

28) The composition of embodiment 20 comprising an inorganic salt.

29) The composition of embodiment 28, wherein the inorganic salt is calcium chloride.

30) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2 comprising a defoaming agent.

31) The composition of embodiment 30, wherein the defoamer is a silicone polymer.

32) The composition of embodiment 20 comprising a defoaming agent.

33) The composition of embodiment 32, wherein the defoamer is a silicone polymer.

34) The composition of embodiment 20 comprising at least one of a cellulose thickener, an inorganic salt and a defoamer.

35) The composition of embodiment 20 comprising a cellulose thickener, an inorganic salt and a defoamer.

36) The composition of embodiment 1 comprising water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, a thickener such as a cellulose thickener and an rust inhibitor.

37) The composition of embodiment 2 comprising water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, an inorganic salt such as calcium chloride, and a rust inhibitor.

The composition may be used for metal processing and may alternatively be referred to as a metal working composition, or a metal working composition, or a metal cooling composition, or a metal cutting composition. The composition can also be used to process parts made from stone, plastic or glass, or other solid materials that can be processed by tooling in a heat-generating process.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of making a concentrated composition, e.g., a metal cutting fluid concentrate, by combining the ingredients discussed herein. Optionally, the ingredients can be combined in a batch method. In this embodiment, the composition, e.g., a metal cutting fluid concentration composition, is in a container, hot water, one or more surfactants such as anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and optionally anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants. As a third surfactant selected from, it is prepared by a method comprising adding a third surfactant different from an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant that have already been added. Additional optional ingredients include inorganic salts, organic solvents, thickeners, rust or corrosion inhibitors, color imparting agents, and defoamers, wherein after adding one ingredient to the container, the resulting mixture is brought to a completely or nearly homogeneous state. After stirring with minimal foaming until reached, for example about 30 minutes, the following ingredients are added. In one embodiment, inorganic salts, organic solvents, thickeners, rust inhibitors or corrosion inhibitors and defoamers are added to the vessel.

For example, the present invention provides a method of making a processing fluid composition, such as a composition suitable for cutting metal, comprising the steps of:

a) Heating water to about 70-80° C. to provide hot water;

b) Adding an anionic surfactant to hot water;

c) Adding an amphoteric surfactant to the mixture of step b);

d) Adding hot water to the mixture of step c);

e) Optionally, adding a third surfactant to the mixture of step d), wherein the third surfactant is selected from an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, and the third surfactant is an anionic surfactant already present in the mixture. Different from the active agent and the amphoteric surfactant;

f) Adding an inorganic salt to the mixture of step e);

g) Cooling the mixture of step f) to ambient temperature; And

h) Adding a thickener to the mixture of step f);

Here, after adding one component, the resulting mixture is stirred for a time effective to achieve a homogeneous or nearly homogeneous mixture, typically about 30 minutes, with minimal foaming, and then the next component is added. . Exemplary optional ingredients that can be used in the method include inorganic salts, organic solvents, thickeners, rust or corrosion inhibitors, color imparting agents, and defoamers. In one embodiment, inorganic salts, organic solvents, thickeners, rust inhibitors or corrosion inhibitors, and defoamers are added to the mixture.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of making a composition, for example a metal cutting fluid concentrate, by a continuous method. In this embodiment, the composition, e.g., a metal cutting fluid concentrate, provides a continuous reactor, the continuous reactor is charged with water, and the water in the continuous reactor is a) anionic surfactant, b) an amphoteric Adding a surfactant, and optionally c) as a third surfactant selected from anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants, a third surfactant different from the anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants already charged in the reactor, It is prepared by mixing components a), b) and optionally c) to give a homogeneous mixture. Optionally, the water in the continuous reactor is maintained at a temperature in excess of 50°C. Optionally, additional ingredients such as organic solvents, inorganic salts, thickeners, rust inhibitors or corrosion inhibitors, coloring agents, and defoamers are added to the formulation. In one embodiment, organic solvents, inorganic salts, thickeners, rust inhibitors or corrosion inhibitors, and defoamers are each added to the mixture. Optionally, a mixer selected from an in-line mixer and a static mixer is present in the continuous reactor.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of forming a metal cutting fluid composition from a precursor concentrate to a processing fluid, for example a metal cutting fluid concentrate. According to this embodiment, water and concentrate are combined in a suitable water:concentrate ratio and the two components are mixed together to form a metal cutting fluid composition. In various optional embodiments, the concentrate is diluted 5x, or 10x, or 15x times. For the sake of clarity, 5x dilution refers to combining 100 parts of the concentrate with 500 parts of water, where poured may be in liquid or solid measurement form, eg grams, kilograms, liters.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of cutting metal comprising applying an effective amount of a metal cutting fluid composition of the present disclosure to the metal being cut. The metal cutting fluid of the present disclosure can be applied to the metal during the process of cutting the metal. One exemplary method for applying the composition of the present disclosure is a flood application in which a flood of cutting fluid is applied onto the workpiece being cut. Another exemplary method for applying the composition of the present disclosure is jet application in which a jet of cutting fluid is applied onto a workpiece facing the cutting zone. Another exemplary method for applying the composition of the present disclosure is mist application in which the cutting fluid is atomized by a jet of air and the mist is directed towards the cutting zone of the workpiece.

The following numbered embodiments are further exemplary embodiments of the machining mill method of the present disclosure, with respect to the above composition embodiments.

38) Metal, stone, comprising applying, to a piece of material being machined, a composition comprising the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 37, in an amount and time effective to dissipate heat from the material being machined, A method of machining a material selected from glass and plastic.

39) The method of embodiment 38, wherein the material to be machined is a metal selected from aluminum alloy, brass, cast iron, bronze, low-carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and titanium alloy.

40) The method of embodiment 38, wherein the material to be machined is stone.

41) The method of embodiment 38, wherein the material to be machined is glass.

42) The method of embodiment 38, wherein the material to be machined is plastic.

43) According to embodiment 38, the piece of material to be machined is broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing ( honing) and grinding.

Details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the Detailed Description of the Invention below. Features shown and described in connection with one exemplary embodiment may be combined with features of another embodiment. Other features, objects and advantages will be apparent from the detailed description and claims. In addition, the disclosures of all patents and patent applications referenced herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides material processing compositions, such as metal cutting fluid compositions, in both concentrated and diluted (ready to use) forms. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of forming a processing fluid in a concentrated form and then diluting the concentrated composition in a diluted form. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method by which a material is processed, such as a method of using the composition in a metal cutting operation. Thus, in another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of preparing a processing fluid composition, e.g., a metal cutting fluid composition, in a concentrated form, followed by diluting the concentrated composition in a diluted form. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of using the composition in a material cutting or forming process, such as a metal cutting operation. When the present disclosure refers to a metal cutting fluid or a metal cooling fluid, these fluid compositions can generally be used in material processing, such as glass manufacturing, stone processing and plastic processing, but are not limited to being used in metal processing. It should be understood as. Thus, metal cutting or metal cooling compositions may be used for metal cutting or processing, but may also be used for processing stone or other materials such as plastics or glass, if the processing generates heat during the processing process and dissipation is desired.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising water and a non-volatile component (also referred to herein as a solid, but some of the non-volatile components may be liquid in a pure state). The solids include one or more surfactants, wherein exemplary surfactants are anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants. For example, the solid content is a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, and a third surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants and anionic surfactants, the first and second surfactants. It may contain a third surfactant different from the 2 surfactant. The solids also include one or more agents selected from rust inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors, which will be collectively referred to herein as rust inhibitors.

Optional non-volatile components present in the composition include thickeners, also referred to as thickeners, suitable for increasing the viscosity or body of the composition; Inorganic salts that are water-soluble at the concentration used in the composition; An organic solvent that is miscible with water at the concentration used in the composition and has a boiling point higher than the boiling point of water, for example at least 125°C, or at least 150°C, or at least 170°C; Defoamers (the term includes defoamers used in an amount effective to relieve foaming of the composition during use); And one or more of a colorant, also referred to herein as a colorant, that imparts color to the composition.

In one aspect, the fluid composition does not contain carbon-halogen bonds and is thus more environmentally friendly than alternative fluid compositions containing one or more components having such bonds.

The fluids of the present disclosure provide the following effects during material processing, particularly during metal machining. The primary effect includes mainly lubricating the cutting process at low cutting speeds, cooling the workpiece mainly at high cutting speeds, and flushing the chips from the cutting zone. Secondary effects include preventing corrosion of the machined surface, and allowing part handling by cooling the hot surface. Process effects of using the cutting fluid of the present disclosure in machining include prolonging tool life, reducing thermal deformation of the workpiece, better surface finish, and ease of handling chips and debris.

The compositions of the present disclosure provide good heat transfer performance, good lubrication performance, good chip flushing performance, good fluid mist generation, good fluid transfer in the chip, and good corrosion inhibition. The composition in the form of an emulsion shows good fluid stability.

It is noted that, as used in this specification and in the intended claims, the singular form includes a plurality of referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an amphoteric surfactant” includes a single amphoteric surfactant as well as one or more identical or different amphoteric surfactants.

ingredient

The composition of the present disclosure includes at least one surfactant. In one embodiment, the composition contains an amphoteric surfactant. In another embodiment, the composition contains an anionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the composition contains two different amphoteric surfactants, optionally combined with an anionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the composition contains two different anionic surfactants, optionally combined with an amphoteric surfactant.

Amphoteric surfactant

In one embodiment, a composition of the present disclosure comprises at least one amphoteric surfactant, and optionally more than one amphoteric surfactant. As used herein, amphoteric surfactants are molecules containing both positively charged and negatively charged atoms. Surfactant molecules may comprise polymeric components and may also contain counterion(s) such as sodium and ammonium, but such counterions are positively or negatively charged, defining the molecule as an amphoteric surfactant. It is not considered to be one of the atoms.

For example, the positively charged atom may be, for example, a nitrogen atom providing an ammonium group, or may be a sulfur atom, for example providing a sulfonium group. The presence of a positive charge for a particular atom may be a function of the pH to which the molecule is exposed. That is, the amphoteric surfactants of the present disclosure need not have positively charged and negatively charged atoms at all pHs of the surrounding solution, but may have these charged atoms only within a predetermined pH range. For example, if the molecule has a nitrogen atom carrying a positive charge, the charge can only be present if the pH of the surrounding solution (aqueous solution) is low enough so that the nitrogen atom is protonated. This occurs, for example, when the nitrogen atom is part of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Alternatively, the nitrogen atom may be part of a quaternary ammonium ion that maintains its positive charge independent of the pH of the surrounding solution.

The negatively charged atom may be an oxygen atom, which may be part of a known functional group such as, for example, a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate group. As with positive charges, the presence of a negative charge on a particular atom can be a function of the pH to which the molecule is exposed. In other words, the amphoteric surfactants of the present disclosure need not have negatively charged and positively charged atoms at all pHs of the surrounding solution, but can have these charged atoms only within a predetermined pH range. . For example, if a molecule has an oxygen atom carrying a negative charge, the charge can only be present if the pH of the surrounding solution (aqueous solution) is high enough for the oxygen atom to be deprotonated. This can occur, for example, when the oxygen atom is, for example, part of a carboxylic acid group, wherein only the carboxylate form of the carboxylic acid group has a negatively charged oxygen atom, while the corresponding carboxyl The acid form has a neutral oxygen atom.

In summary, amphoteric surfactants need not have both positively charged and negatively charged atoms over the entire possible pH range of the surrounding solution, but in some pH ranges sometimes referred to as isoelectric pH ranges in the art. It will have these two charged atoms. If the amphoteric surfactant has both positively charged and negatively charged atoms, the surfactant may be said to be present in its zwitterionic form. When the chemical structure of an amphoteric surfactant is provided herein, the term X can be used to refer to a counterion that can associate with positively or negatively charged atoms within an isoelectric pH range. Exemplary cationic counterions are sodium and ammonium. Exemplary anionic counterions are chloride and phosphate. It is noteworthy that positive or negative charges can be delocalized across multiple atoms. For example, if a negative charge is on an oxygen atom and the oxygen atom is part of a carboxylate group, the negative charge is delocalized across both oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group.

Also, like all surfactants, amphoteric surfactants will have both lipophilic (aka hydrophobic) regions and oleophobic (aka hydrophilic) regions. The lipophilic region can be referred to as the fat region. The fatty region may consist of a hydrocarbon moiety present in naturally occurring fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amines, etc., but it may alternatively be formed synthetically, i. Poly (propylene oxide) and the like. As used herein, when describing a class of amphoteric surfactants, the term “R” will be used to refer to the fatty region of a molecule. In various embodiments, R is a medium or long chain fatty group, such as a C ₆ -C ₂₄ fragment, i.e., at least 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and optionally any other atom, such as hydrogen, halogen (e.g. For example, molecular fragments having F, Cl, Br), nitrogen and oxygen; C ₆ -C ₂₄ hydrocarbons, ie molecular fragments having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and sufficient hydrogen atoms to complete the valency of the carbon atoms; C ₈ -C ₂₂ fragment; C ₈ -C ₂₂ hydrocarbons; C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ fragment; C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbons; C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fragment; And C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ hydrocarbons. In various embodiments, R has at least 6, or at least 8, or at least 10, or at least 12, or at least 14, or at least 16 carbon atoms. In various embodiments, R has up to 30, or up to 26, or up to 24, or up to 22, or up to 20, or up to 18 carbon atoms. The term R may represent an alkyl group, wherein the term alkyl generally refers to a linear, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having any number of carbon atom ranges specified above (e.g., C ₆ -C ₂₄ is 6 To an alkyl group having from 24 carbon atoms). Examples of alkyl groups include 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid. , Linolenic acid and behenic acid.

The several paragraphs below provide exemplary specific surfactant categories and examples of specific amphoteric surfactants that may be incorporated into the fluid compositions of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the categories are not mutually exclusive and that specific amphoteric surfactants may belong to more than one category, ie the two categories may overlap in terms of the surfactants contained within the category. In the field of surfactants, there are various nomenclatures used to classify and recognize classes specifically for amphoteric surfactants, and generally for classes of surfactants, where nomenclatures often provide mutually exclusive categories of surfactants. I never do that. Nevertheless, the following provides amphoteric surfactants useful in the present disclosure. For convenience, the surfactant can be identified by referring only to its charged portion. For example, an amphoteric surfactant may be referred to as a betaine or as a betaine surfactant to indicate that the amphoteric surfactant contains a betaine group. As another example, when the amphoteric surfactant comprises a hydroxysultaine group, such surfactant may be referred to as a hydroxysultaine surfactant, or more simply as hydroxysultaine in context. Alternatively, it may be mentioned that the amphoteric surfactant comprises specifically identified charged groups such as betaine or betaine groups, hydroxysultaine groups, amine oxide groups, and the like.

In some of the following chemical structures, the term “L” is used to refer to a linking group. The linking group is a short chain of atoms linking together the two mentioned functional groups present in the amphoteric surfactant. In one embodiment, L is a -CH _2- contains a methylene, e. In one embodiment, L is ethylene, ie -CH ₂ CH ₂ -. In one embodiment, L is propylene, ie -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -. The linking group may include a substituent on the alkylene chain, wherein the substituent may be, for example, halogen, hydroxyl or short chain (about C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl. In one embodiment, L is hydroxyl substituted propylene, for example -CH ₂ CH(OH)CH ₂ -. In another embodiment, L is a methyl substituted methylene, for example -CH(CH ₃ )-. In one embodiment, L is methylene, ethylene or propylene, each optionally substituted with hydroxyl. In one embodiment, L is dimethylether, ie -CH ₂ -O-CH ₂ -. In one embodiment, L is a chain of 1 to 5 atoms selected from carbon and oxygen, wherein the chain is optionally substituted with hydroxyl or halide.

Any of the following terms may be used to specifically refer to “amphoteric surfactants” to provide a selection of amphoteric surfactants useful in embodiments of the present disclosure: alkyl amidopropyl betaine, alkyl amine oxide Seed, alkyl amphoacetate, alkyl betaine, alkyl carboxyglycinate, alkyl glycinate, alkyl sulfobetaine, sultaine, alkyl amphopropionate, alkyl ampoglycinate, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaine , Acyl taurate and acyl glutamate. Each of these terms is known in the art, and many of these terms are described below.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a betaine surfactant, meaning that the surfactant comprises betaine groups. Betaine surfactants are alkyl amino, which can be represented by the chemical structure CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) _n -CONH-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -N(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH ₂ -COOX when the alkyl group is a linear alkyl group. May also be propyl betaine. More generally, amido propyl betaine may be represented by the chemical structure R-CONH-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -N(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH ₂ -COOX. These are both examples of alkyl amido betaines.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkyl amido sulfobe, which may be represented by the chemical structure R-CONH-LN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -(CH ₂ ) _m -SO ₂ OX, where L is propylene. It's someone else. A subclass of this class is alkylbenzene dimethyl ammonium propanesulfonate obtained by quaternization of alkylbenzene dimethyl amine with propanesulfone. Again, the propylene linking group L may be substituted with, for example, a hydroxyl group (which gives a 2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate derivative) to provide another amphoteric surfactant suitable for use in the composition of the present invention. I can.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkyl amino acid amphoteric surfactant that may be represented by the chemical structure R-NH-L-COOX, wherein R and L are defined above. For example, R can be derived from coconut oil, L can be ethylene, and X can be a sodium ion.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkyl betaine amphoteric surfactant which may be represented by the chemical structure RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -L-COOX, wherein R is an alkyl group and L is a linking group. Like other amphoteric surfactants disclosed herein, the R group may be an aliphatic group rather than limited to an alkyl group, although in one embodiment R represents an alkyl group. As mentioned above, the linking group can be a methylene group, and in one embodiment is a methylene group. However, alkyl betaines are also α-(N,N,N-) having the structure R ¹ -N(R ² )(R ³ )-C(R ⁴ )H-COOX, where L is an alkyl substituted methylene group. Trialkyl ammonium) alkanoates. Various alternatives and sometimes more specific names for naming alkyl betaines, such as N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylglycine; N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethyl ammonium betaine; Alkyl-dimethyl ammonium acetate or alkyl-dimethyl ammonium ethanoate is used. Cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Inc. (CTFA) uses the name alkyl-betaine for these products.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant derived from alkyl imidazoline, which may be represented by the chemical structure R-CONH-LN(CH ₂ CH ₂ OH)CH ₂ COONa. In another embodiment, the alkyl imidazoline derived amphoteric surfactant is a diacid which may be represented by the chemical structure R-CON(CH ₂ CH ₂ OH)-LN(CH ₂ COONa) ₂ . In any of these embodiments, linker L is optionally ethylene.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkyl imino diacid amphoteric surfactant, which may be represented by the chemical structure RN(CH ₂ CH ₂ COONa) ₂ . In an alternative embodiment, the alkyl imino diacid amphoteric surfactant is represented by the chemical structure RN(CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ COONa) ₂ or RN(CH ₂ COONa) ₂ .

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkyl sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactant. The chemical structure of an alkyl sulfobetaine can be represented by RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -L-SO ₂ OX (also sometimes denoted as -L-SO ₃ X), where R is alkyl and L is methylene. The following are examples of specific alkylsulfobetaines that can be used in the practice of the present invention: caprylyl sulfobetaine, hexadecyl sulfobetaine, lauryl sulfobetaine, myristyl sulfobetaine, n-octyl sulfobetaine. , Palmityl sulfobetaine, tetradecyl sulfobetaine.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is alkyl sultaine, which is the preferred term by CTFA. Alkyl sultaines are sulfobetaines amphoteric surfactants comprising a propanesulfonate group, i.e., L-SO ₃ X, where L is propylene. Alkyl sultaines have the chemical structure RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -SO ₂ OX.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is amido propyl betaine, which may be represented by the chemical structure R(C=O)-NH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -N(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH ₂ COOX. This class of amidopropyl betaines may also be referred to as alkyl amido propyl betaines, since R may be an alkyl group. Alkylamidopropyl betaine surfactants typically react with 3,3-dimethylaminopropylamine with fatty acids, e.g. fatty acids from natural oils such as coconut oil, to give the amido dimethylamine intermediate, which in turn is sodium It is synthesized by reacting with monochloroacetic acid to give the corresponding betaine. Betaine surfactants are commonly named after the fatty acid source used in their preparation, for example, coconut oil provides cocamidopropyl betaine, and isostearic acid provides isostearamidopropylbetaine. A number of alkylamidopropyl betaine surfactants suitable for use in the present invention are commercially available in solid form and in solution form, and can be purchased from various suppliers.

The following are specific exemplary amidopropyl betaines that can be used in the practice of the present invention: almondamidopropyl betaine, apricotamidopropyl betaine, avocatamidopropyl betaine, bavasuamidopropyl betaine, behenami Dopropyl betaine, canolamidopropyl betaine, caprylic/capricamidopropyl betaine (formed from a mixture of caprylic and capric acid), coco/oleamidopropyl betaine, coco/sunflowerami Dopropyl betaine (formed from a blend of coconut and sunflower seed oil), Cupuasuamidopropyl betaine (formed from the pulp of the Cupua tree), isostearamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, meadows Formamidopropyl betaine (formed from Meadowfoam seed oil), milkamidopropyl betaine, minkamidopropyl betaine (formed from mink oil), myristicamidopropyl betaine, otamidopropyl betaine ( Abena sativa (formed from oat) kernel oil), oleamidopropyl betaine, oliveamidopropyl betaine, palmamidopropyl betaine (formed from palm oil), palmitamidopropyl betaine, palm kernel Amidopropyl betaine (formed from palm kernel oil), ricinoleamidopropyl betaine, sesamidopropyl betaine, shea butteramidopropyl betaine (formed from butyros permum parchii (shea butter)), soyami Dopropyl betaine, stearamidopropyl betaine, tallowamidopropyl betaine, undecyleneamidopropyl betaine, and wheat germamidopropyl betaine (formed from oil in wheat germ).

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an amine oxide amphoteric surfactant, which may be represented by the chemical structure RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -O-, wherein R is a lipophilic group. Exemplary R groups are lipophilic alkyl groups, wherein amine oxide surfactants having an alkyl group for R are commonly known as alkyl amino oxides. Exemplary alkyl groups are caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and behenic acid. Exemplary amine oxide amphoteric surfactants are cocamidopropylamine oxide and lauryldimethylamine oxide (also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide, and DDAO). , Soamidopropylamine oxide and myristic amine oxide. The nitrogen atom of the amine group may be bonded to the two methyl groups as indicated above, but alternatively, the nitrogen atom will be bonded to the two hydroxyethyl groups to give the structure RN(CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) ₂ -O-. I can.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an amino acid amphoteric surfactant. Amphoteric surfactants of this type exhibit a zwitterionic structure within a specific pH range, which depends on the structure of the surfactant. A typical example of an amphoteric surfactant of this type is an amino acid of the structure R-NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -COOH, where R is a fatty group. These are sometimes referred to as fatty amino acids, or more precisely as fatty aminopropionates when in the corresponding carboxylate form. A variation on this structure has two carboxylic acid groups, namely the structure RN(CH ₂ CH ₂ COOH) ₂ (named fatty iminodipropionate when in the corresponding carboxylate form). Any of these classes of amphoteric surfactants can be used in the compositions of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an amphoacetate amphoteric surfactant comprising the chemical structure -CH ₂ -CO ₂ X in addition to chemical and fatty groups that can be positively charged under suitable pH. These surfactants are sometimes referred to as ampoglycinates. In one embodiment, the amphoacetate amphoteric surfactant may be represented by the chemical structure R(CO)NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -N(CH ₂ CH ₂ OH)(CH ₂ CO ₂ X), wherein R is an alkyl It may be a group, or R(CO) may be a fatty acyl group derived from fatty acids such as those found in coconut oil, thus providing, for example, cocoamphoacetate. Such amphoacetate surfactant can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula R(CO)NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -NHCH ₂ CH ₂ OH with formaldehyde and cyanide as disclosed in US Patent 6232496. Under appropriate conditions, these amphoacetates can be interconverted to the corresponding amphoacetate amphoteric surfactants, such as lauroamphoacetate (sodium salt), comprising imidazolium groups that provide positively charged chemical groups.

Amphoacetate amphoteric surfactants may contain two acetate groups instead of one, so the chemical structure R(CO)NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -N(CH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₂ CO ₂ X)(CH ₂ CO ₂ X ), it is possible to provide an amphoteric surfactant. Exemplary amphoacetate amphoteric surfactants include disodium cocoamphodiacetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium lauroamphoacetate, and sodium lauroamphoacetate.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an amphopropionate amphoteric surfactant comprising the chemical structure -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CO ₂ X in addition to chemical and fatty groups that can be positively charged under a suitable pH. Such amphoteric surfactants can be prepared from acrylic acid as described in US Pat. No. 6030938. Exemplary amphopropionate amphoteric surfactants are the sodium salts of capryloampopropionate, laurimidodipropionate, isostearyl amphopropionate and cocoampopropionate. Amphopropionate amphoteric surfactant may contain two propionate groups instead of one, so the chemical structure R(CO)NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -N(CH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ CO ₂ X ) (CH ₂ CH ₂ CO ₂ X) amphoteric surfactants can be provided. This subclass of amphopropionate amphoteric surfactants are known as ampodipropionate amphoteric surfactants, wherein an exemplary amphodipropionate amphoteric surfactant is disodium of cocoampodipropionate. Salt (N-(2-coconut oil amidoethyl)-N-(2-(2-carboxyethyl)oxyethyl)-beta-aminopropionic acid, also known as disodium salt) and capryloampodipropionate to be.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a betaine surfactant. Betaine is an interface comprising both positively charged (cationic) functional groups such as phosphonium or quaternary ammonium groups without hydrogen atoms, and negatively charged (anionic) functional groups such as carboxylate groups or oxyanions. Refers to the activator molecule. In betaine, the cationic and anionic groups are not adjacent to each other. Betaine surfactants referred to herein will meet the above definition and will additionally have lipophilic moieties. In one embodiment, the cation is a quaternary amine. In one embodiment, the anion is a carboxylate. In another embodiment, the anion is an oxyanion. In another embodiment, the anion is a sulfate. In another embodiment, the anion is a sulfonate. In another embodiment, the anion is phosphate. Many commercially available betaines have dialkyl substituted dimethylammonium groups. Commercial amphoteric surfactants have many of these groups, but amphoteric surfactants useful in the present disclosure need not necessarily have dimethylammonium groups (although they may also have dimethylammonium groups). More generally, they have a dialkylammonium group to provide, for example, a trialkylammonium alkanoate of the chemical structure R ¹ -N(R ² )(R ³ )-CH ₂ COOX. That is, R ² and R ³ need not necessarily be methyl. Some exemplary betaines are alkyl dimethylbetaines of the chemical structure RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH ₂ -COOH, and alkyl of the structure R-CONH-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -N(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH ₂ -COOH It is amidopropyldimethylbetaine.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is hydroxysultaine having the chemical structure RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH ₂ CH(OH)-SO ₃ X, wherein R is an aliphatic group, e.g., a long chain alkyl group. to be. Since hydroxysultaine is often named after the source of the R group, for example hydroxysultaine from coconut oil can be named cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (however, coco hydroxysultaine and Also known as CAHS). Other exemplary hydroxysultaine amphoteric surfactants include lauramidopropyl hydroxysultaine, oleamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, tallowamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, erucamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, And lauryl hydroxysultaine.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an imidazoline derivative amphoteric surfactant, sometimes referred to as an imidazolinium derivative. Representing the chemical structure of an imidazoline derivative amphoteric surfactant is complicated by the fact that imidazoline is characteristically hydrolyzed when exposed to water. Fatty imidazolines are slowly hydrolyzed upon exposure to moist air to provide alkyl amidoamines. Thus, the alkyl amidoamine amphoteric surfactants already described elsewhere herein are examples of imidazolinium derivative amphoteric surfactants. In general, imidazolinium derivative amphoteric surfactants (sometimes referred to as imidazoline amphoteric surfactants) are well known in the art as a class of surfactants. In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an imidazoline derivative, optionally a fatty alkyl imidazoline. Amphoteric surfactants of this type form cations in acidic solutions, anions in alkaline solutions, and'zwitterions' in solutions in the mid-pH range. The mid-pH range, also referred to as the isoelectric range, in which imidazoline surfactants have a neutral charge, is compound specific and depends on the exact structure of the compound, which affects the alkalinity of the nitrogen atom and the acidity of the carboxyl group. Will go crazy. Exemplary suitable imidazoline type amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, 2-cocoyl-2-imidazolinium hydroxide-1-carboxyethyloxy disodium.

Imidazolinium derivative amphoteric surfactants can be prepared by reaction of sodium chloroacetate and the corresponding 2-alkyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazoline. These reaction products are generally designated to have the following chemical structure:

In the above formula, R is a hydrophobic group. The reactions that produce these cyclic imidazolinium derivatives can be easily extended to give corresponding open chain molecules having the following structure: RCO-NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -N(CH ₂ CH ₂ OH)CH ₂ COO- (with 1 equivalent of sodium chloroacetate) and RCO-NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) (CH ₂ COO-) ₂ (with 2 equivalents of sodium chloroacetate). This open chain structure is often referred to as an imidazoline derivative, or an alkyl (if R is an alkyl group) amido amino acid (if a single equivalent of sodium chloroacetate is used in its preparation).

The commercially available amphoteric imidazolinium may be one or more of the above structures suitable for use in this disclosure. Some care should be taken in selecting imidazoline derivatives, which include (non-amphiphilic) cationic surfactants comprising imidazoline or prepared from imidazoline, for example cationic surfactants having the structure This is because the same term is used somewhat confusingly to refer to:

.

.

Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will sometimes specifically refer to amphoteric imidazolinium surfactants to distinguish them from so-called imidazolinium surfactants which are cationic.

C ₆ -C ₂₂ alkyl, for example a suitable amphoteric acid having an R group selected from caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and behenic acid. Examples of dazolinium derivatives.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a phosphinate betaine amphoteric surfactant. Phosphinate betaines are similar to alkyl betaines and sulfobetaines in which carboxy or sulfonic acid groups are replaced by phosphine groups. Phosphinate betaine may be represented by the chemical structure RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -LP(=O)(R)OX. L can be, for example, propylene.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a phosphonate betaine amphoteric surfactant. Phosphonate betaines are similar to alkyl betaines and sulfobetaines in which carboxy or sulfonic acid groups are replaced by phosphonate groups. Phosphonate betaine may be represented by the chemical structure RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -LP(=O)(OR)OX. L can be, for example, propylene.

(여기서 R은 지방 기, 예를 들어, 중쇄 또는 장쇄 알킬임)로 표시될 수 있다. 카르복실산 형태로 도시된 피리디늄 알카노에이트는 그러나 적합한 pH에서 카르복실산 (-COOH) 기가 카르복실레이트 (COOX) 기로 전환될 것이다.In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a pyridinium alkanoate amphoteric surfactant, which has a chemical structure

(Where R is an aliphatic group, for example, a medium chain or a long chain alkyl). The pyridinium alkanoate shown in the carboxylic acid form, however, will convert the carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups to carboxylate (COOX) groups at a suitable pH.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a sulfate ion-containing amphoteric surfactant. Sulfate ionic groups can be easily added to fatty unsaturated amines such as oleamine (1-amino-9,10-octadecene), so that the corresponding sulfate ion with the name 9-(10)-hydroxyoctadecylamine -It can provide amphoteric surfactant containing.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is sulfatebetaine, also known as alkyldimethylammonium alkyl sulfate, which can be represented by the chemical structure RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -L-OSO ₃ X. Sulfate betaine is an example of a sulfate ion-containing amphoteric surfactant that also contains a betaine group.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactant. The chemical structure of a basic compound can be represented by RN(CH ₃ ) ₂ -L-SO ₂ OX (also sometimes denoted as -L-SO ₃ X). As commercially available, many sulfobetaines have L as propylene, and such amphoteric surfactants can be used in embodiments of the present disclosure. Sulfobetaine is an example of a sulfonic acid-containing amphoteric surfactant that also contains a betaine group. This class of betaine amphoteric surfactants includes ammonium alkanesulfonates and 2-(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonium) ethane sulfonates. Sulfobetaines also include trialkyl ammonium compounds similar to alkylbetaines, but in which the carboxyl groups are replaced by alkylsulfonate groups. When R is a lipophilic alkyl group, this class of sulfobetaines may be referred to as alkylsulfobetaines. Alkylsulfobetaine surfactants are usually named after the long chain alkyl groups present in their structure. For example, if R has 12 carbon atoms in the straight chain, i.e. lauryl, and the corresponding sulfobetaine is known as lauryl sulfobetaine.

There are very many sulfobetaine surfactants with modifications to the typical structure shown above. For example, the propylene ((CH ₂ ) ₃ ) group designated by “L” can be substituted with various functional groups, such as halogen, hydroxyl and methoxy. The R group need not be a straight chain alkyl group, but may be a branched or even alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon. Indeed, the R group need not even be a hydrocarbon. Primarily, the R group needs to be lipophilic, and very many chemical structures provide this property. Examples of sulfobetaine surfactants suitable for use in the present invention but not included within the scope of the typical structures shown above are N-(3-cocoamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxy- 3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine, and 3-[(3-chloroamidopropyl)dimethylammonium]-1-propanesulfonate.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a sulfonic acid-containing amphoteric surfactant. For example, the amphoteric surfactant may be an N-alkyl taurine of the formula RNH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -SO ₃ H, wherein R is an alkyl group. In related embodiments, R is a fatty group. Another sulfonic acid-containing amphoteric surfactant is R-CONH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -N(CH ₂ CH ₂ OH)CH ₂ CH ₂ SO ₃ H (where R may be a fatty group, for example an alkyl group ), can be prepared by sulfonation of a linear amidoamine precursor with 1-hydroxyethyl 2-alkyl imidazoline.

Specific examples of amphoteric surfactants and their classes that can be used in the composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, cocoamidopropylamine oxide, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cocodimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, Disodium cocoampodipropionate, lauryl amine oxide, lauryl amido propyl betaine; Lauryl betaine, lauryl hydroxyl sulfobetaine, myristic amine oxide, sodium cocoamphoacetate and stearyl betaine. As mentioned above, these terms do not necessarily define a group of surfactants that are mutually exclusive, i.e., specific amphoteric surfactants may fall within the scope of two or more amphoteric surfactant classes, each of which is selected Define one of the terms.

Anionic surfactant

In one embodiment, the fluid composition of the present disclosure comprises at least one, optionally more than one, anionic surfactant. Suitable exemplary anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulfates, alkylether sulfates, alkylsulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, N-alcoylsarcosinates, acyl taurates. , Acyl isethionate, alkyl phosphate, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl ether carboxylate, .alpha.-olefinsulfonate, and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium and triethanolamine salts thereof. These alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates may have 1 to 10 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule, and in some embodiments 1 to 3 ethylene oxide units. have. For convenience, anionic surfactants may be referred to with reference to anionic groups that form the charged portion of the surfactant. For example, anionic surfactants comprising sulfonate groups may be referred to as sulfonate surfactants or, more simply, may be accepted as sulfonates in context. As a further example, anionic surfactants comprising sulfate groups may be referred to as sulfate surfactants, or may be more simply tolerated as sulfates in context.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a carboxylic acid or carboxylate having an anionic group -C(O)-O- in addition to fatty groups. The fatty group designated as R herein may be an alkyl group, in which case the carboxylate may be referred to as an alkyl carboxylate. Exemplary alkyl carboxylates are sodium or potassium or ammonium salts of fatty acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid. Potassium oleate is an exemplary alkyl carboxylate. The fatty group may alternatively be a polyalkylene oxide group that is not water soluble. Some carboxylate anionic surfactants are prepared from alkyl alcohols, such as octanol, where the alkyl alcohol reacts with ethylene oxide, whereby the average number of ethylene oxide units per molecule is 8, polyoxyethylene (8) octyl Polyoxyethylene extended octanol known as ether carboxylic acid.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is diphenyl oxide. Diphenyloxide can also be considered as a subclass of sulfonate anionic surfactants, since the aromatic ring of the diphenyl precursor is sulfonated to give the diphenyl oxide anionic surfactant. The diphenol precursor is typically a diphenylether, ie Ar-O-Ar, wherein one or both of the aromatic rings (Ar) may be substituted with an alkyl group. The diphenyl oxide anionic surfactant has the formula XSO ₃ -Ar(R)-O-Ar(R)-SO ₃ X (where R is an alkyl at each position of the aromatic ring that is not bound to ether oxygen or sulfonated Or hydrogen). Exemplary diphenyl oxide anionic surfactants are disulfonated diphenyl oxides with alkyl substitutions, such as disulfonated diphenyl oxides with linear decyl substitutions, disulfonated diphenyl oxides with linear dodecyl substitutions, branched Disulfonated diphenyl oxides with decyl substitutions, any of which may be neutralized with sodium, potassium or ammonium.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a phosphate ester, which may be a monophosphate ester of the chemical structure ROP(O)(OH) ₂ , or a phosphate diester of the chemical structure ROP(O)(OH)-OR, Here, two Rs in the diester may be the same or different. The R group is an fatty group, ie a non-water-soluble group. The R group can be an alkyl group, and the phosphate ester with R=alkyl is typically prepared from the corresponding alkyl alcohol. In one embodiment, the R group is a polyalkylene oxide group to provide a polyether phosphate ester of the formula R-(OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _n -OP(O)(OH) ₂ . The common naming convention for polyether phosphate esters gives the number of polyoxyethylene groups in the surfactant, for example polyoxyethylene (10). The R group in the polyether phosphate is an alkyl group (if the polyether phosphate is derived from an alkyl alcohol), an aryl group (if the polyether phosphate is derived from an aromatic alcohol, e.g. phenol), or an alkyl aryl group, e.g., Alkyl-substituted phenols such as nonyl-phenol. Exemplary phosphate esters include polyoxyethylene (10) nonylphenol phosphate, polyoxyethylene (4) phenol phosphate, and C ₈ H ₁₇ phosphate. Commercial phosphate ester formulations often provide mixtures of phosphate monoesters and phosphate diesters that can be used in the compositions of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a sarcosinate, ie a compound having the chemical structure RC(O)-N(CH ₃ )-CH ₂ -CO ₂ X, wherein R is a fatty group. Sarcosinate surfactants contain an N-acyl group, wherein the fatty acid from which the acyl is derived is typically used to name sarcosinate. Exemplary sarcosinates include sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, and ammonium ion equivalents.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a sulfate, i.e. a compound having anionic -O-SO ₃ X groups in addition to fatty groups. The fatty group may be a long chain alkyl group, wherein the alkyl group in the surfactant may be branched or straight chain. Fatty groups need not be alkyl groups, but alkyl groups are commonly available from many plant and animal oils and are thus an easy to obtain source of fatty groups for surfactants. Exemplary sulfate anionic surfactants include sodium laureth sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfate, C _12-14 -tert-alkyl-ethoxylated sodium sulfate, and poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-sulfo-ω-(nonylphenoxy) ammonium salts.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a sulfoacetate, ie a compound having anionic -CH ₂ -SO ₃ X groups in addition to fatty groups. Common aliphatic groups have the structure ROC(O)-, wherein R is an alkyl group, for example C ₈ -C ₁₈ straight chain alkyl. Exemplary sulfoacetate anionic surfactants are the ammonium salts of sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and cetyl sulfoacetate. Sulfoacetate can be prepared, for example, as described in US Pat. No. 5616782.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a sulfonate, ie a compound having anionic -SO ₃ X groups in addition to fatty groups. Fatty groups can be, for example, long chain alkyl groups. Sulfonates can be considered to have the chemical structure R-SO ₃ X. In one embodiment, the R groups are derived from fatty acids and are straight chain long chain alkyl groups such as stearyl and oleyl. Long chain olefins are often used as precursors to sulfonates because double bonds can be treated and converted to sulfonate groups. These sulfonates are often named by the precursors used to form the sulfonates, such as in C ₁₄ -C ₁₆ olefin sulfonates, where C ₁₄ -C ₁₆ is a mixture of olefins having 14 to 16 carbons, wherein It refers to a sulfonate that provided an active agent. In one embodiment, the R group is an alkylbenzene group, for example a dodecylbenzene group. An alkyl group, such as a dodecyl group, can be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group. Exemplary sulfonate anionic surfactants are linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and branched dodecylbenzene sulfonate. At all times, the anionic group can be neutralized with any suitable cations such as sodium, potassium, ammonium, and the like.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a sulfosuccinate, i.e. a chemical structure based on sulfonated succinic acid, i.e. the fatty group -OC(O)-CH ₂ -CH(sulfate)-C(O)-OR (which is It is a compound having a fatty group or hydrogen). Sulfosuccinates are generally the sodium salts of alkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid which are the result of condensation of maleic anhydride with fatty alcohols and subsequent sulfonation with sodium bisulfite (NaHSO ₃ ). As indicated by the above chemical structure, the sulfosuccinate will have at least one fatty group and may have two fatty groups. However, if the sulfosuccinate has one fatty group, it may also have an anionic carboxylate group other than the second fatty group. Exemplary sulfosuccinate anionic surfactants are sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (having two fatty groups) and disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (one fatty group, one sulfate group and one carboxylate). It has a boxylate group and is also known as DLS).

Further specific examples of anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, ammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Sodium lauryl sarcosinate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium oleyl succinate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

In one embodiment, the fluid concentrates and compositions of the present disclosure contain a third surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants and anionic surfactants. The third surfactant is not the same as the first (amphipathic) or second (anionic) surfactant, ie not the same. Any of the previously disclosed amphoteric and anionic surfactants are optionally used as the third surfactant in the present formulation, as long as it (the third surfactant) is not the same as the first or second surfactant. In one embodiment, the third surfactant is of a different class than the first or second surfactant, i.e., the third surfactant provides the charged functionality present in the first and second amphoteric or anionic surfactants. It has a functional group different from the said functional group. For example, if the second surfactant is a sulfate anionic surfactant, the third surfactant is not a sulfate, but instead is, for example, a sulfonate anionic surfactant.

Amphoteric surfactants and/or anionic surfactants suitable for use in the present invention can be obtained from one or more of the following exemplary manufacturers and/or suppliers: Aceto Corp. (Allen, NJ, USA) DAIL); Air Products (Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA); Akzo Nobel Chemicals Co. (Akzo Nobel Chemicals Co.) (Chicago, Illinois, USA); Alzo International (Sairville, NJ, USA); BASF Corp. (Floham Park, NJ, USA); Clariant Corp. (Frankfurt, Germany); Croda, Inc. (Edison, NJ, USA); Dow Chemical (Midland, Michigan, USA); this. I, DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) (Wilmington, Delaware, USA); Harcross Chemicals, Inc. (Harcros Chemicals, Inc.) (Kansas City, Kansas, USA); Huntsman Corp. (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA); Kaiser Industries Ltd. (Bahadurgar, Haryana, India), Kao Chemicals. (Kao Chemicals.) (Tokyo, Japan); Ronza, Inc. (Lonza, Inc.) (Basel, Switzerland); NOF Corporation (Chusbo, France); Pilot Chemicals (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA); Procter & Gamble (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA); Solvay-Rhodia (Cousse, France); Stepan Co. (Northfield, Illinois, USA); And Unilever PLC (London, UK).

Optional ingredients

The following ingredients are optionally present in the compositions of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure also defines that each of the following ingredients may specifically exclude those present in the compositions of the present disclosure.

The compositions of the present disclosure may include rust inhibitors, which may also be referred to herein as corrosion inhibitors. An exemplary rust inhibitor is sodium nitrite. Other exemplary rust inhibitors are sodium benzoate, organic boron compounds, amines, aminophosphate compounds, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates and tall oil fatty acids. The rust inhibitor may be present in the composition in an amount of less than 10% by weight of the composition used directly as a material processing fluid, for example as a metal cutting fluid. In an optional embodiment, the amount is less than 9%, or less than 8%, or less than 7%, or less than 6%, or less than 5%, or less than 4%, or less than 3%, or 2 Less than, or less than 1%, or less than 0.5%, or less than 0.1% by weight. The amount is also in terms of a minimum amount, for example at least 500 ppm, or at least 1000 ppm, or at least 1500 ppm, or at least 2000 ppm, or at least 2500 ppm, 0.5% by weight, or at least 1% by weight, or at least 1.5% by weight, or At least 2% by weight, or at least 2.5% by weight, or at least 3% by weight, or at least 3.5% by weight, or at least 4% by weight, or at least 4.5% by weight, or at least 5% by weight. Rust inhibitors are well known commercial materials.

Compositions of the present disclosure may include colorants such as dyes or pigments. When the composition is applied to a material that is cut or otherwise shaped, such as a metal, it should only be used in small amounts sufficient to impart a visible color to the eye. Colorants are well known commercial materials.

The composition of the present disclosure may include a defoamer, which may also be referred to as an antifoam. A suitable defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. Silicone defoaming agents are well known commercial materials. Dow Corning (Michigan, USA) sells these defoaming agents. Another suitable defoamer is tributylphosphate.

The composition of the present disclosure may include a thickener. As used herein, thickeners, when added to or included in an aqueous fluid composition or concentrate thereof, increase the viscosity of the composition. The inclusion of a thickener provides, among other things, improved adhesion of the composition to the surface. This is particularly advantageous when the surface is not horizontal and therefore the material processing composition, in the absence of a thickener, tends to fall below the surface under gravity. The thickener may be water soluble. Thickeners for aqueous compositions are well known in the art and may be referred to as aqueous thickeners, and any of these thickeners may be used in the compositions of the present invention.

The amount of thickener included in the composition will depend on the exact identity of the thickener and the desired viscosity of the material processing fluid composition in concentrated form. For thickeners selected from cellulose or polyamide thickeners, in order to achieve a viscosity similar to that of whole milk or orange juice, the thickener is typically the total weight of the composition, if the composition is a concentrate having a total solids of about 5 to 25%. Will be present in the composition in a weight percent of 0.1% by weight based on. The viscosity of the concentrate can be varied primarily by the incorporation of more or less thickening agents. If a more viscous concentrate is desired, the addition of more thickeners will provide a more viscous composition. Alternatively, more effective thickeners can be used, ie thickeners that achieve the same increase in viscosity at lower concentrations.

In one aspect, the thickener can be a polyhydroxy polymer, for example a polysaccharide such as cellulose or functionalized cellulose. When the thickener is a polysaccharide, the polysaccharide may have at least 50, or at least 100, or at least 150, or at least 200 saccharide units per polymer chain. The number average molecular weight of the polysaccharide may be at least 13,000 or at least 17,000 or at least 21,000 or at least 25,000.

In one aspect, the thickener is a small polyhydroxy molecule such as glycerol. Small polyhydroxy molecules have a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol and have at least 3 hydroxyl groups.

In one aspect, the thickener is cellulose, which includes derivatives of cellulose resins. A suitable cellulose is hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). HEC is a derivative of cellulose, wherein the -CH ₂ OH group is converted to a -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH group, and the -OH group is converted to a -OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH group. HEC is commercially available in many grades, which in turn depend on the molecular weight and degree of derivatization, which in turn leads to different solution viscosities (typically measured at 2% solids in water). Suitable HECs are Cellosize ^™ from Dow Chemical (Midland, Michigan, USA) and Aqualon ^™ from Ashland Chemical (Covington, Kentucky, USA).

Other suitable cellulose thickeners include methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and anionic (salt) forms such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, dihydroxypropyl ether of cellulose. Includes (see U.S. Patent No. 4,096,326),

Suitable polyhydroxy polymers other than cellulose include corn starch or modified corn starch, potato starch or modified potato starch, and pectin or modified pectin.

The thickener may be polyacrylamide. Suitable polyacrylamide thickeners include copolymers of acrylamide and ammonium acrylate; Copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium halides, such as chloride; And copolymers of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. These copolymers can be prepared in the presence of a crosslinking agent, wherein exemplary crosslinking agents are divinylbenzene, tetraallyloxyethane, methylenebisacrylamide, diallyl ether, polyallylpolyglyceryl ether or allyl ethers of alcohols of the sugar series. , Such as erythritol, pentaerythritol, arabitol, mannitol, sorbitol and glucose. See, for example, US Patent Nos. 2,798,053 and 2,923,692. Polyacrylamides are ionic and can be neutralized with neutralizing agents such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia or amines such as triethanolamine or monoethanolamine. Ionic polyacrylamides are prepared by precipitation from alcohols such as tert-butanol and via a radical route using an initiator of the azobisisobutyronitrile type to obtain acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate. It can be produced by copolymerizing. Crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride contains copolymerization of acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, and olefinic unsaturation such as methylenebisacrylamide It can be obtained by subsequent crosslinking using a compound of.

The thickener may be polyacrylic acid. Suitable polyacrylic acid thickeners are commercially available. For example, Lubrizol (Wiclife, Ohio, USA) sells its Carbopol ^™ synthetic thickener made from polyacrylic acid. Polyacrylic acid can be neutralized to adjust its thickening behavior. For example, polyacrylic acid can be neutralized with ammonium ions using, for example, ammonium hydroxide. Ashland Chemical markets crosslinked polyacrylic acid from its Carbomer ^™ line. Again, these polymers need to be neutralized to provide effective thickening behavior.

The thickener may be a gum or a derivative thereof. Examples include locust bean gum and derivatives, guar gum and derivatives, and xanthan gum and derivatives. Exemplary gum derivatives include sulfonated gums such as sulfonated guar, hydroxypropyl derivatized gums such as hydroxypropyl guar, cationic derivatives such as cationic guar.

The thickener may be a hydrophobically modified thickener. In one aspect, the thickener comprises a hydrophobic group, such as a hydrophobic alkyl chain, wherein suitable examples of such thickeners are hydrophobically modified ethylene oxide urethane (HEUR) polymers, hydrophobically modified alkali soluble emulsion (HASE) polymers, hydrophobically modified Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC), and hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPA). The HEUR polymer is a linear reaction product of a diisocyanate and a polyethylene oxide end-capped with a hydrophobic hydrocarbon group. HASE polymers are homopolymers of (meth)acrylic acid, or copolymers of maleic acid modified with (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylate esters, or hydrophobic vinyl monomers. HMHEC refers to hydroxyethyl cellulose modified with a hydrophobic alkyl chain. HMPA refers to a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylamide (N-alkyl acrylamide) modified with a hydrophobic alkyl chain.

In one aspect, the fluid composition of the present disclosure comprises an inorganic salt of an organic or inorganic acid. Suitable inorganic salts of organic acids are ammonium citrate, calcium acetate, copper acetate, copper citrate, magnesium citrate, melamine phosphate salt, nickel acetate, potassium acetate, potassium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium bitartrate, strontium acetate, Urea phosphate and zinc acetate.

The amount of inorganic component present in the composition can vary over a wide range. Based on the total weight of the solids present in the composition, the inorganic component may constitute from 1% to about 15% of its weight. In various embodiments, the inorganic component is at least 2%, or at least 3%, or at least 4%, or at least 5%, or at least 6%, or at least 7%, or at least 8% of the total weight of the solid component of the composition, Or at least 9%, or at least 10%, or at least 11%, or at least 12%, or at least 13%, or at least 14%, or at least 15%. In various embodiments, the inorganic component contributes up to 30%, or up to 25%, or up to 20% or up to 15%, or up to 10% of the total weight of solids present in the composition. As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the inorganic component is an inorganic salt.

In one aspect, the fluid composition of the present disclosure comprises a non-volatile organic solvent that is miscible with water. As used herein, non-volatile substances or solvents that are liquids have a boiling point higher than that of water, for example in excess of 100°C. An exemplary organic solvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, also known as BUTYL CELLOSOLVE ^™ .

As mentioned above, the present disclosure provides a concentrate composition comprising water and a solid, wherein the solid is a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, and both As a third surfactant selected from sexual surfactants and anionic surfactants, a third surfactant different from the first and second surfactants is included. Optionally, the third surfactant, which is neither the first nor the second surfactant, is a fluorosurfactant. The third surfactant may be a fluorinated or perfluorinated anionic fluorosurfactant, while the second (anionic) surfactant of the concentrate is not fluorinated. Alternatively, the third surfactant may be a fluorinated or perfluorinated amphoteric surfactant, while the first (amphiphobic) surfactant of the concentrate is not fluorinated. The fluorinated surfactant will contain some CF bonds and may contain only CF bonds (in this case perfluorinated), or some CH bonds (in this case it is a hydrofluorocarbon-containing molecule). have.

In addition to the fluorinated versions of the amphoteric and anionic surfactants identified herein, other exemplary fluorosurfactants that may be included in the concentrates or compositions of the present disclosure are Captstone ^™ fluorosurfactants. And Forafac ^™ fluorosurfactant (both manufactured by DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware). Other exemplary fluorosurfactants are described in US Patent Publication Nos. US 20130112908; US 20120255651; US20110232924; US 20110091408; US 20100168318; And US Patent No. US 8,287,752; US 8,039,677; US 7,977,426; And US 7,989,568.

However, in another embodiment, the third surfactant is not a fluorosurfactant. Fluorine-containing compounds should be used with care as they may have an undesirable bio-persistence profile and/or they may degrade into hazardous substances. In one embodiment, the concentrates and compositions of the invention do not contain any fluorocarbons, while in another embodiment the concentrates and compositions of the invention do not contain any halocarbons.

Formulation

The present disclosure provides material processing fluids, such as metal cutting fluids, in concentrated as well as diluted (ready to use) form. The concentrated form can be described in terms of the amounts of various ingredients, where these amounts are relative to the total amount of surfactant present in the concentrate.

For example, for each part by weight of the surfactant (eg, for each 1 g of surfactant, or 1 kg each, etc.), the concentrate may contain 1 to 10 parts by weight of the rust inhibitor. Thus, if the concentrate contains 10 g of surfactant, the concentrate may also contain 10 to 100 g of rust inhibitor. Optionally, the concentrate contains at least 1, or at least 2, or at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5 parts by weight of a rust inhibitor, and less than 10, or less than 9, or less than 8, Or less than 7, or less than 6, or less than 5 parts by weight of a rust inhibitor. In an exemplary embodiment, the concentrate contains 1 to 10, or 2 to 8, or 3 to 7, or 4 to 6 parts by weight of a rust inhibitor, such as sodium nitrite, for each 1 g of the total surfactant present in the concentrate. do.

For each part by weight of the surfactant, the concentrate may contain 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight thickening agent. Thus, if the concentrate contains 10 g of surfactant, the concentrate may also contain 1 to 5 g of thickener. Optionally, the concentrate contains at least 0.1 or at least 0.2, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.4 parts by weight of a thickening agent (for 1 part by weight of the surfactant(s)), and less than 0.5, or less than 0.4, or less than 0.3 parts by weight. It may contain thickening agents. In an exemplary embodiment, the concentrate contains 0.1 to 0.5, or 0.2 to 0.4 parts by weight of a thickening agent, such as hydroxyethylcellulose, for each 1 g of the total surfactant present in the concentrate.

For each part by weight of the surfactant, the concentrate may contain 0.05 to 0.25 parts by weight of inorganic salt. Thus, if the concentrate contains a total of 10 g of surfactant, the concentrate may also contain 0.5 to 2.5 g of inorganic salt. Optionally, the concentrate contains at least 0.05, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.2 parts by weight of inorganic salt (for 1 part by weight of the surfactant(s) present in the concentrate), and less than 0.25, or less than 0.2 , Or less than 0.15, or less than 0.1 parts by weight of inorganic salts. In an exemplary embodiment, the concentrate contains 0.05 to 0.25, or 0.1 to 0.2 parts by weight of an inorganic salt such as calcium chloride.

For each part by weight of the surfactant, the concentrate may contain 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of a non-volatile water-soluble organic solvent. Thus, if the concentrate contains a total of 10 g of organic solvent, the concentrate may also contain 0.1 to 1 g of organic solvent. Optionally, the concentrate comprises at least 0.01, or at least 0.02, or at least 0.03, or at least 0.04, or at least 0.05, or at least 0.06, or at least 0.07 parts by weight (for 1 part by weight of the surfactant(s) present in the concentrate) It contains an organic solvent, and may contain less than 0.1, or less than 0.09, or less than 0.08, or less than 0.07, or less than 0.06, or less than 0.05 parts by weight of an organic solvent. In an exemplary embodiment, the concentrate contains 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.02 to 0.9, or 0.03 to 0.8 parts by weight of an organic solvent such as ethylene glycol butyl ether.

For each part by weight of the surfactant, the concentrate may contain 0.2 to 1.0 parts by weight of the defoamer. Thus, if the concentrate contains a total of 10 g of surfactant, the concentrate may also contain 2 to 10 g of defoamer. Optionally, the concentrate contains at least 0.2, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.4, or at least 0.5 parts by weight of a defoaming agent (for 1 part by weight of the surfactant(s) present in the concentrate), and less than 1.0, or less than 0.9 , Or less than 0.8, or less than 0.7, or less than 0.6 parts by weight of a defoaming agent. In an exemplary embodiment, the concentrate contains 0.2 to 1.0, or 0.3 to 0.8, or 0.4 to 0.6 parts by weight of a defoaming agent, such as a silicone defoaming agent.

The concentrate will also contain water. The amount of water can vary, but is typically in the range of 5-50% by weight of the concentrate. In other words, 100 g of the concentrate will contain 5 to 50 g of water. In an optional embodiment, at least 5% by weight, or at least 10% by weight, or at least 15% by weight, or at least 20% by weight, or at least 25% by weight of water is present in the concentrate, and in other optional embodiments, There is less than 50%, or less than 45%, or less than 40%, or less than 35%, or less than 30% water by weight in the concentrate.

The present disclosure also provides a diluted form of ready-to-use concentrate in material processing processes, such as metal cutting operations. In an optional embodiment, the diluted form of the concentrate is sufficiently diluted to a water content of 75-99%. The diluted form of the concentrate can be diluted (1x dilution) by combining the concentrate with an equal volume of water, or 2x, or 3x, or 4x, or 5x, or 6x, or 7x, or 8x, or 9x, or 10x , Or 11x, or 12x, or 13x, or 14x, or 15x, or 16x, or 17x, or 18x, or 19x, or 20x, as well as a range of dilutions provided by selecting any two of these values. Can be. For example, the diluted form is by dilution of 5x to 15x, i.e. by adding 5 to 15 volumes of water for each volume of the concentrate, or by adding 5 to 15 weights of water to each weight of the concentrate. Can be manufactured.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising water and a solid, wherein the solid is at least one surfactant, such as an amphoteric first surfactant, an anionic second surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant and And a third surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, the third surfactant being different from the first and second surfactants. In optional embodiments, water makes up 75-95% by weight of the composition; For example, water constitutes 75 to 80% by weight of the composition, water constitutes 80 to 85% by weight of the composition, water constitutes 85 to 90% by weight of the composition, or water constitutes 95 to 95% by weight of the composition. Make up %. In an optional embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant(s) constitutes 10 to 30% by weight of solids or 15 to 25% by weight of solids; For example, amphoteric surfactant(s) constitutes 10 to 15% by weight of solids, amphoteric surfactant(s) constitutes 15 to 20% by weight of solids, or amphoteric surfactant(s) constitutes solids It constitutes 20 to 25% by weight of, or the amphoteric surfactant(s) constitutes 25 to 30% by weight of the solid content. In an optional embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant(s) make up 1-5% by weight of the composition. In an optional embodiment, the anionic surfactant(s) constitute 45 to 85% by weight of the solids; For example, anionic surfactant(s) constitutes 45 to 55% by weight of solid content, anionic surfactant(s) constitutes 55 to 65% by weight of solid content, or anionic surfactant(s) constitutes solid content 65 to 75% by weight of, or the anionic surfactant(s) constitutes 75 to 85% by weight of the solid content. In an optional embodiment, the anionic surfactant(s) make up 5-25% by weight of the composition.

In a further optional embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is at least one betaine selected from cocodimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine and cocamidopropyl betaine; Anionic surfactants include ammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium lauryl At least one surfactant selected from sarcosinate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium oleyl succinate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; The composition further comprises an inorganic salt, wherein optionally the inorganic salt constitutes 2 to 20% by weight of the solids; The composition further comprises a thickener, wherein optionally the thickener constitutes 0.1 to 5% by weight of the solids.

As previously mentioned, the compositions of the present disclosure may comprise both amphoteric surfactants (and optionally more than one amphoteric surfactant) and anionic surfactants (and optionally more than one anionic surfactant). have. In one aspect, the one or more amphoteric surfactant(s) contribute approximately the same weight to the composition as the one or more anionic surfactant(s) contributes. In another aspect, again measured by weight, the amphoteric surfactant(s) contributes less to the total weight of the composition than the anionic surfactant(s), and in various embodiments the amphoteric surfactant(s) ) Contributes 1 to 50%, or 5 to 40%, or 10 to 30% or 15 to 25% of the total weight of the anionic and amphoteric surfactants.

When the composition contains two of the amphoteric surfactants or two of the anionic surfactants, the two surfactants are not necessarily present in the same weight amount. In various embodiments, the composition comprises first and second anionic surfactants, wherein the first surfactant provides 1 to 50% of the total weight of the first and second surfactants. In a further embodiment, the first surfactant is 1 to 40%, or 1 to 30%, or 1 to 20%, or 1 to 10%, or 1 to 40% of the total weight of the first and second anionic surfactants. Provides 5%. Likewise, in various embodiments, the composition comprises a first and a second amphoteric surfactant, wherein the first amphoteric surfactant provides 1-50% of the total weight of the first and second surfactants, and further In an embodiment of, the first amphoteric surfactant is 1 to 40%, or 1 to 30%, or 1 to 20%, or 1 to 10%, or 1 of the total weight of the first and second amphoteric surfactants. To 5%.

In one embodiment, a mixture of two amphoteric surfactants is included in a material processing fluid, such as a metal cutting fluid composition, of the present disclosure. For example, mixtures of any of the aforementioned amphoteric surfactants can be used. If two amphoteric surfactants are present in the composition, these two surfactants will be present in relative amounts based on the weight of each surfactant in the composition. For example, if the composition contains two amphoteric surfactants of the same weight, these two surfactants are present in a weight ratio of 1:1. When the composition contains twice as many second surfactants than the first surfactant, these two surfactants are present in a weight ratio of 1:2. When the second surfactant is present in an acceptable weight range with respect to the weight of the first surfactant, this range is "the first surfactant so that these two surfactants are present in a weight ratio of 1: (1 to 2). It is in the range equal to the weight" to "range by twice the weight of the first surfactant".

As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for the presence of two amphoteric surfactants in the composition. In various embodiments, these two amphoteric surfactants have the following relative amounts: 1:1; 1:(1-5); 1:(1-10); 1:(1-15); 1:(1-20); 1:(1-25); 1:(1-30); 1:(5-10); 1:(5-15); 1:(5-20); 1:(5-25); 1:(5-30); 1:(10-15); 1:(10-20); 1:(10-25); 1:(10-30); 1:(15-20); 1:(15-25); 1:(15-30); 1:(20-25); And 1: (25-30).

In one embodiment, a mixture of two anionic surfactants is included in a material processing fluid, such as a metal cutting fluid composition, of the present disclosure. For example, mixtures of any of the aforementioned anionic surfactants may be used. When two anionic surfactants are present in the composition, these two surfactants will be present in relative amounts based on the weight of each surfactant in the composition. For example, if the composition contains two anionic surfactants of the same weight, these two surfactants are present in a weight ratio of 1:1. When the composition contains twice as many second surfactants than the first surfactant, these two surfactants are present in a weight ratio of 1:2. When the second surfactant is present in the range of acceptable weight relative to the weight of the first surfactant, this range is "first surfactant so that these two surfactants are present in a weight ratio of 1: (1 to 2). It is in the range equal to the weight of" to "range by twice the weight of the first surfactant".

As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for the presence of two anionic surfactants in the composition. In various embodiments, these two anionic surfactants have the following relative amounts: 1:1; 1:(1-5); 1:(1-10); 1:(1-15); 1:(1-20); 1:(1-25); 1:(1-30); 1:(5-10); 1:(5-15); 1:(5-20); 1:(5-25); 1:(5-30); 1:(10-15); 1:(10-20); 1:(10-25); 1:(10-30); 1:(15-20); 1:(15-25); 1:(15-30); 1:(20-25); And 1: (25-30).

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides 10 to 25% by weight of a first anionic surfactant, optionally a sulfonate surfactant, such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, optionally 12 to 23% by weight or optionally 15 to 20% by weight. A first anionic surfactant; 5 to 15% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant, optionally a betaine surfactant, such as cocamidopropyl betaine, optionally 7 to 13% by weight or optionally 7 to 11% by weight of a betaine surfactant; 1 to 10% by weight of a second anionic surfactant, optionally a sulfate surfactant, such as sodium laureth sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate, optionally 2 to 8% or 3 to 7% by weight of a second anionic interface Activator; Up to about 5% by weight of an organic solvent, optionally a glycol ether such as ethylene glycol butyl ether, optionally 1 to 4% or 2 to 3% by weight glycol ether; 2 to 15% by weight of a thickening agent, such as a cellulose thickening agent, for example hydroxyethyl cellulose, optionally 4 to 12% or 6 to 10% by weight of a thickening agent; A material processing fluid, such as a metal cutting fluid concentrate composition, containing up to about 10% calcium sulfate, optionally 2-7% or 3-6% calcium chloride, is provided. Optionally, the concentrate may contain a third anionic surfactant such as sodium octyl sulfate in an amount up to about 5% by weight. Water will also be present in the concentrate. The total non-aqueous content of the concentrate is about 25 to 75% by weight, or about 30 to 70% by weight, or about 35 to 55% by weight, or about 40 to 50% by weight (in the last case the water content is 50 to 40% by weight %being).

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a concentration of 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of the first anionic surfactant (i.e. 0.1 to 0.3 g of the first anionic surfactant in 100 g of the composition, i.e., 1000 to 3000 ppm of the first anionic surfactant. Surfactant), a second anionic surfactant different from the first anionic surfactant at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.10% by weight (i.e. 100 to 1000 ppm of a second anionic surfactant), an amphoteric surfactant at a concentration of 0.05 to 0.15% by weight A composition comprising an active agent (ie 500 to 1500 ppm of an amphoteric surfactant), and a concentration of 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of a rust inhibitor (ie 1000 to 3000 ppm of a rust inhibitor) is provided. The composition may also optionally contain a concentration of 0.05 to 0.15% by weight thickener (500 to 1500 ppm of thickener), and/or an inorganic salt at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight (100 to 1000 ppm of inorganic salt), and/or 0.01 to 0.1% by weight. % Concentration of non-volatile organic solvent (100 to 1000 ppm of non-volatile organic solvent), and/or concentration of 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of defoamer (ie 500 to 2000 ppm of defoamer). In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, i.e., a first anionic surfactant, a second anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a rust inhibitor, a thickener, an inorganic salt, a non-volatile organic solvent, and a defoamer. Contains. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, i.e. a first anionic surfactant that is a sulfonate-containing surfactant, a second anionic surfactant that is a sulfate-containing surfactant, an amphoteric that is a betaine-containing surfactant. It contains surfactants, rust inhibitors, thickeners which are cellulose thickeners, inorganic salts, non-volatile organic solvents and defoamers, respectively. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, i.e. a first anionic surfactant that is a sulfonate-containing surfactant, a second anionic surfactant that is a sulfate-containing surfactant, an amphoteric that is a betaine-containing surfactant. A surfactant, a rust inhibitor that is sodium nitrite, a thickener that is hydroxyethyl cellulose, an inorganic salt that is calcium chloride, a non-volatile organic solvent that is ethylene glycol butyl ether, and a defoamer that is a silicone defoaming agent, respectively.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a concentration of about 0.2% by weight of the first anionic surfactant (i.e., about 0.2 g of the first anionic surfactant in 100 g of the composition, i.e., about 2000 ppm of the first anionic surfactant). , A second anionic surfactant different from the first anionic surfactant at a concentration of about 0.05% by weight (i.e., about 500 ppm of the second anionic surfactant), an amphoteric surfactant at a concentration of about 0.09% by weight (i.e. about 900 ppm An amphoteric surfactant), and a rust inhibitor at a concentration of about 0.2% by weight (i.e., about 2000 ppm of rust inhibitor). The composition may also optionally contain a concentration of 0.05 to 0.15% by weight of a thickener (500 to 1500 ppm of a thickener), or about 800 ppm of a thickener, and/or an inorganic salt at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight (100 to 1000 ppm of an inorganic salt) or About 400 ppm of an inorganic salt, and/or a concentration of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a non-volatile organic solvent (100 to 1000 ppm of a non-volatile organic solvent) or about 200 ppm of a non-volatile organic solvent, and/or 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of the defoamer (ie 500 to 2000 ppm of defoamer) or about 1000 ppm of defoamer. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, i.e., a first anionic surfactant, a second anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a rust inhibitor, a thickener, an inorganic salt, a non-volatile organic solvent, and a defoamer. Contains. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, i.e. a first anionic surfactant that is a sulfonate-containing surfactant, a second anionic surfactant that is a sulfate-containing surfactant, an amphoteric that is a betaine-containing surfactant. It contains surfactants, rust inhibitors, thickeners which are cellulose thickeners, inorganic salts, non-volatile organic solvents and defoamers, respectively. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, i.e., a first anionic surfactant that is a sulfonate-containing surfactant, a second anionic surfactant that is a sulfate-containing surfactant, an amphoteric that is a betaine-containing surfactant. A surfactant, a rust inhibitor that is sodium nitrite, a thickener that is hydroxyethyl cellulose, an inorganic salt that is calcium chloride, a non-volatile organic solvent that is ethylene glycol butyl ether, and a defoamer that is a silicone defoaming agent, respectively.

The following are some additional exemplary embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure, wherein the metal cutting composition and the metal cooling composition are used interchangeably.

One) A metal cutting composition comprising water, a first surfactant, a thickener such as a cellulose thickener and a rust inhibitor.

2) A metal cutting composition comprising water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt such as calcium chloride and a rust inhibitor.

3) The metal cooling composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 2, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant.

4) The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant comprising a sulfonate group.

5) The composition of any of embodiments 1-4, wherein the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

6) The composition of any one of embodiments 1-5, comprising a second surfactant, wherein the second surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.

7) The composition of any one of embodiments 1-6, comprising a second surfactant, wherein the second surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant comprising a betaine group.

8) The composition of any one of embodiments 1-7 comprising a second surfactant, wherein the second surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.

9) The composition of any one of embodiments 1-8, comprising a third surfactant, wherein the third surfactant is an anionic surfactant.

10) The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 9, comprising a third surfactant, wherein the third surfactant is an anionic surfactant comprising a sulfate group.

11) The composition of any one of embodiments 1-10, comprising a third surfactant, wherein the third surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate.

12) The composition of any of embodiments 1-11, wherein the rust inhibitor is sodium nitrite.

13) The composition of any of embodiments 1-12, comprising a thickener that is a cellulose thickener, wherein the cellulose thickener is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose.

14) The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 13 comprising a defoamer.

15) The composition of any of embodiments 1-14, comprising a defoamer, and wherein the defoamer is a silicone polymer.

16) The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 15, comprising a first surfactant comprising a sulfonate group and a second surfactant comprising a sulfate group.

As discussed below, the present disclosure also applies a composition comprising the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 16 to a piece of metal being machined in an amount and time effective to dissipate heat from the metal being machined. Disclosed is a method of machining a metal, comprising: The machining process can achieve cutting of the metal and thus can be referred to as a cutting process. The machining process can be any of broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing, and grinding, which are examples of machining processes that can be used in the methods of the present disclosure.

Below are some additional exemplary embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure. A composition comprising water, a first surfactant, a thickener and a rust inhibitor. The first surfactant may be an anionic surfactant, such as a sulfonate- or sulfate-containing surfactant. Optionally, the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Optionally, the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate. The first surfactant may be an amphoteric surfactant, such as a betaine-containing surfactant, such as cocamidopropyl betaine, which is not an anionic surfactant. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, each of which is an anionic surfactant, for example the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant and a sulfonate-containing surfactant such as sodium laurate. Ret sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other is an amphoteric surfactant, such as a sulfate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric It is a surfactant, wherein the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant can be sodium laureth sulfate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant can be cocamidopropyl betaine. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other is an amphoteric surfactant, such as a sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric Surfactant, wherein the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant may be sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant may be cocamidopropyl betaine. Optionally, the composition may comprise three surfactants, wherein two of the three surfactants are unequal anionic surfactants and one of the three surfactants is an amphoteric surfactant, wherein the three The surfactants of the species may optionally be sulfate-containing surfactants, sulfonate-containing surfactants and betaine-containing surfactants such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine. . If present, the sulfonate-containing surfactant may be present in a concentration of about 1800 ppm, for example 1000 to 3000 ppm. When present, the sulfate-containing surfactant may be present in a concentration of about 500 ppm, for example 100 to 1000 ppm. If present, the amphoteric surfactant may be present in a concentration of about 900 ppm, for example 500 to 1500 ppm. The composition will contain an effective amount of a rust inhibitor as described herein, wherein the rust inhibitor may be, for example, sodium nitrite. The concentration of the rust inhibitor may be about 100 to 5000 ppm, or about 1000 to 3000 ppm, or about 2000 ppm. Thickeners are described herein, which can be, for example, cellulose thickeners such as hydroxyl ethyl cellulose. The concentration of the thickener in the composition may be about 100 to 2000 ppm, or about 500 to 1500 ppm, or about 800 ppm. The composition may optionally contain a defoamer as described herein, and in one embodiment contains it. An exemplary defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. When present, the defoaming agent may be present in a concentration of about 100 to 5000 ppm, or about 500 to 2000 ppm, or about 1000 ppm.

Below are some additional exemplary embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure. A composition comprising water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt and a rust inhibitor. The first surfactant may be an anionic surfactant, such as a sulfonate- or sulfate-containing surfactant. Optionally, the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Optionally, the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate. The first surfactant may be an amphoteric surfactant, such as a betaine-containing surfactant, such as cocamidopropyl betaine, which is not an anionic surfactant. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, each of which is an anionic surfactant, wherein the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant and a sulfonate-containing surfactant such as sodium laureth alcohol. Pate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other is an amphoteric surfactant, such as a sulfate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric It is a surfactant, wherein the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant can be sodium laureth sulfate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant can be cocamidopropyl betaine. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other is an amphoteric surfactant, such as a sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric Surfactant, wherein the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant may be sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant may be cocamidopropyl betaine. Optionally, the composition may comprise three surfactants, wherein two of the three surfactants are unequal anionic surfactants and one of the three surfactants is an amphoteric surfactant, wherein the three The surfactants of the species may optionally be sulfate-containing surfactants, sulfonate-containing surfactants and betaine-containing surfactants such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine. . If present, the sulfonate-containing surfactant may be present in a concentration of about 1800 ppm, for example 1000 to 3000 ppm. When present, the sulfate-containing surfactant may be present in a concentration of about 500 ppm, for example 100 to 1000 ppm. If present, the amphoteric surfactant may be present in a concentration of about 900 ppm, for example 500 to 1500 ppm. The composition will contain an effective amount of a rust inhibitor as described herein, wherein the rust inhibitor may be, for example, sodium nitrite. The concentration of the rust inhibitor may be about 100 to 5000 ppm, or about 1000 to 3000 ppm, or about 2000 ppm. Inorganic salts are described herein, which may be calcium chloride, for example. The concentration of the inorganic salt in the composition may be about 50 to 2000 ppm, or about 100 to 1000 ppm, or about 400 ppm. The composition may optionally contain a defoamer as described herein, and in one embodiment contains it. An exemplary defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. When present, the defoaming agent may be present in a concentration of about 100 to 5000 ppm, or about 500 to 2000 ppm, or about 1000 ppm.

Manufacturing method

In one aspect, the present disclosure discloses a method of making a material processing fluid, such as a metal cutting fluid concentrate composition and a corresponding metal cutting fluid composition, as identified herein. In general, concentrates are prepared by combining water with one or more surfactants selected from anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, along with optional ingredients. The composition is prepared by diluting the concentrate with water or an aqueous solution.

In one embodiment, the concentrate is prepared by combining a first surfactant that is an amphoteric surfactant, a second surfactant that is an anionic surfactant, and a third surfactant selected from amphoteric and anionic surfactants, Here, the third surfactant is different from the first or second surfactant. The concentrate may optionally further contain additional surfactant(s), i.e. a fourth, fifth, etc. surfactant. In addition, or alternatively, the concentrate may contain active ingredient(s) other than surfactants, for example inorganic ingredients, organic solvents and thickeners. The compositions are water based, in other words they are aqueous compositions in which the carrier is primarily water. The composition can be prepared by any of the following methods.

In one embodiment, a container of water is provided. The vessel holds about 5 to 20 Kg of water. This method can be scaled up or down to provide a desired amount of fluid concentrate. The initial amount of water is about 5 to 40%, or about 10 to 30% of the total amount of water in the concentrate. The water can be at ambient temperature, or it can be at an elevated temperature. Elevated temperatures below the boiling point of water, ie less than 100°C, or less than 90°C, or less than 80°C, or less than 70°C may be used. An elevated temperature above the ambient temperature, for example above 25°C, or above 30°C, or above 40°C, or above 50°C, or above 60°C, or above 70°C may be used.

Then, at least one surfactant is added to the water. In one embodiment the amphoteric surfactant is added to the water, followed by sequential addition of the first and second anionic surfactants. In an alternative embodiment, the anionic surfactant is first added to the water, followed by the amphoteric surfactant, followed by the second anionic surfactant or the second amphoteric surfactant. In another embodiment, the first and second anionic surfactants are added sequentially, followed by the amphoteric surfactant.

After adding the surfactant to the water, the resulting mixture is stirred to give a homogeneous or nearly homogeneous state. The agitation can be carried out moderately or vigorously, but in any case it is desirable to ensure that no excess foam is produced. Foaming typically results from the entrapment of air in the mixture and tends to trap air if significant vortices occur during the mixing process and/or if the stirring device repeatedly enters and exits the mixture. The degree of foam retention also tends to be greater when the viscosity of the mixture is large. This situation should preferably be avoided in order to minimize foaming. In order to ensure good mixing, a stirring time of about 15 to 60 minutes can be used after addition of each surfactant.

Depending on the presence or absence of an insulator surrounding the container from which the concentrate is prepared, the temperature of the mixture may drop during the steps of adding and stirring the surfactant. Alternatively, the temperature of the mixture can be maintained at or close to the original temperature of the water, for example by maintaining gentle heating on the side and/or bottom of the vessel holding the concentrate. Alternatively, or additionally, a heating coil can be placed in the vessel to apply heat to or remove heat from the concentrate if desired.

As surfactants are added to the water, the viscosity of the mixture will tend to increase. If all other factors are the same, solutions of increased viscosity will tend to trap air more easily than solutions of lower viscosity. In order to reduce the viscosity of the mixture, additional water may be added to the mixture after addition of any of the first, second or third surfactants. For example, after the first addition of the surfactant, an amount of water that is about 5 to 40%, or about 10 to 30% of the total amount of water in the concentrate may be added to the mixture. In addition, or alternatively, an amount of water that is about 5 to 40%, or about 10 to 30% of the total amount of water in the concentrate can be added to the mixture after the second addition of the surfactant.

After all surfactants have been added and mixed thoroughly in water, the optional ingredient(s) can be added to the resulting mixture. For example, an inorganic component such as an inorganic salt can be added to the mixture and then stirred to completely dissolve the inorganic component. The optional ingredient(s) can be added to the warm or hot mixture, or can be added to the mixture after cooling to room temperature. Since the concentrate will typically be stored and used at room temperature, any optional ingredients that can significantly affect the viscosity or flow properties of the mixture are typically added to the mixture at room temperature.

Surfactants and optional ingredients may be added to the water in pure form, ie without contact with the solvent, or may be added in diluted form, ie in contact with the solvent to provide a solution, paste, dispersion, etc. of the ingredients. In one embodiment, surfactants are added to the water in order of their solids content in water, with the more concentrated ingredients added first. In other words, if one surfactant is present at 50% solids and another surfactant is present at 25% solids, the surfactant at 50% solids is added to the water before adding the surfactant at 25% solids to the mixture.

The concentrate can be prepared in a batch, continuous or semi-continuous manner. In the batch mode, ingredients are added sequentially to a container of water until all ingredients have been added, in which case a batch of concentrate is prepared. In a continuous mode, water is propelled through a pipe or other conduit, and various components are added to the water at various points along the conduit. For example, the conduit may be equipped with a T-valve, and components may be supplied to the water or aqueous mixture through the T-valve. The conduit may also contain an in-conduit mixer, which is a static or in-line mixer, to facilitate the creation of a homogeneous mixture after the ingredients have been added to the water or aqueous mixture. For example, water and a first surfactant can be piped and passed through a mixer. Static mixers are typically suitable if the surfactant is previously dissolved in water. If not, an inline mixer is typically preferred. Thereafter, the second surfactant is added to the downstream of the conduit of the mixer, and this is again carried out through the mixing process. Finally, after the third surfactant is added to the aqueous mixture, it is mixed as necessary to provide an aqueous mixture containing the three surfactants. Thereafter, further optional ingredients can be added to the conduit, for example via a T-valve, followed by suitable agitation to form the final concentrate.

In order to facilitate mixing of the various components and to minimize vortex formation and consequently foam formation, baffles can be installed in batch or continuous reactors. Suitable mixing equipment such as stirrers, impellers, static mixers, colloid mills and homogenizers are manufactured and sold by Chemineer (Dayton, Ohio) and Sulzer (Wintertour, Switzerland).

In an alternative embodiment for a continuous process, three T-valves are placed at the beginning of the conduit, in a position after water has already been added to the conduit. The first, second and third surfactants are each delivered into the conduit through one of three T-valves. In this way, all three surfactants are combined essentially simultaneously, and the resulting mixture is then passed through an in-line or static mixer in a conduit to provide a homogeneous aqueous mixture. The optional ingredients are then added, if desired, to the homogeneous aqueous mixture to give the final concentrate.

In a continuous or batch process, the water and/or aqueous mixture can be heated to a temperature above ambient temperature, for example between 50° C. and 90° C. Heating can be accomplished by conventional methods known in the art. The temperature can be maintained as needed to facilitate immediate mixing of the ingredients to form a homogeneous mixture.

Thus, in one embodiment, the present disclosure discloses a continuous process for making a material processing fluid, such as a metal cutting fluid thickening composition. The method comprises the steps of providing a continuous reactor, filling the continuous reactor with water, at least one surfactant desired for the water in the continuous reactor, such as a) a first anionic surfactant, b) a second Adding an amphoteric surfactant and a third surfactant selected from c) anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants, which are different from the first surfactant and the second surfactant, and component a), mixing b) and c) to provide a homogeneous mixture. Optionally, the continuous reactor is maintained at a temperature above 50°C. Also optionally, a mixer selected from an in-line mixer and a static mixer is present in the continuous reactor.

How to use

The present disclosure provides processing fluids, such as fluids useful for cutting metal that can be used in the process of processing materials, such as cutting metal. In one embodiment, the fluid concentrate of the present disclosure is diluted with water to provide a composition that can be applied to tooling involved in material processing, for example a metal cutting fluid composition applied directly to metal. The concentrate will have a solids level or content, measured as the sum of the weights of the non-aqueous components in the concentrate divided by the total weight of the concentrate. When water is combined with the concentrate to form the metal cutting fluid composition, the metal cutting fluid composition will likewise have a desired solids level or content, which will be less than the solids level or content of the concentrate. In various embodiments, a composition is formed by combining sufficient water and a concentrate, based on the total weight of the composition, 0.1%, or 0.5%, or 1%, or 1.5%, or 2%, or 2.5%, or 3%, or 3.5%, or 4%, or 4.5%, or 5%, or 5.5%, or 6%, or 6.5%, or 7%, or 7.5 wt%, or 8 wt%, or 8.5 wt%, or 9 wt%, or 9.5 wt%, or 10 wt%, or 10.5 wt%, or 11 wt%, or 11.5 wt%, or 12 wt%, or 12.5%, or 13%, or 13.5%, or 14%, or 14.5%, or 15%, or 15.5%, or 16%, or 16.5%, or 17%, or 17.5% by weight, or 18% by weight, or 18.5% by weight, or 19% by weight, or 20% by weight, or any two of the above-mentioned solids% by weight values in the given ranges, for example from 0.5% to A metal cutting fluid composition having 4% by weight solids is provided.

In one aspect, a manufacturer would be provided with a method of making a stored supply of metal cutting fluid concentrate ready for use when material cutting is needed and a method of combining the concentrate with water to form a metal cutting fluid composition. Optionally, the metal cutting fluid concentrate disclosed herein can be diluted with water to produce a metal cutting fluid composition.

Cutting fluid maintenance involves checking the concentration of the soluble oil emulsion (using a refractometer), the pH (using a pH meter), the amount of other oil (hydraulic oil leaking into the cutting fluid system), and the amount of particulates in the fluid. Measures taken to maintain the fluid include the addition of supplemental concentrates or water, removal of other oils, addition of a biocide to prevent bacterial growth and filtration of the particulates by centrifugation.

The cutting fluid in the coolant system degrades over time due to bacterial growth and contamination with oil and fine metal debris from machining operations. If it is uneconomical to hold the fluid by periodic replenishment, discard it. Before flowing the fluid into the sewage system, it must be treated to bring the fluid composition to a safe disposal level.

Some metals are more difficult to machine than others. Stainless steels, new alloys and very hard metals require very high levels of performance from the cutting fluid. Other metals such as brass and aluminum are easy to machine with the use of all-purpose oils. When tough low-machinability metals are included, it is advantageous to use highly reinforced cutting oils with excellent extreme pressure (EP) and semi-welding performance. Most often, these oils contain active sulfur and chlorine to protect tooling and ensure good part finish. In one embodiment, the cutting fluid of the present invention comprises activated sulfur and/or chlorine.

For brass, aluminum, many carbon steels and low-alloy steels, lubricant additives, friction modifiers and cutting oils with hardness EP/semi-welding performance are sufficient. These oils are generally formulated with sulfurized fats (inert) and/or chlorinated paraffin. Active cutting oil (containing active sulfur) should not be used for brass and aluminum, as it will stain or discolor the finished part. Oils formulated for brass and aluminum are often referred to as "non-pigmented" oils. In one embodiment, the cutting fluid of the present invention comprises one or more of a lubricity additive, a friction modifier, a sulfurized fat (inert) and a chlorinated paraffin.

Easy machining operations (turning, shaping, drilling, milling, etc.) can be performed at higher speeds and only require a high level of cooling with normal EP performance. Easier operations can be performed using fluids reinforced with lower viscosity hardness. Difficult machining operations have to be performed at lower speeds, and a large amount of anti-fusion protection is required. Oils specifically designed for the most difficult tasks such as screw-cutting or broaching are generally more viscous and with the addition of EP additives such as activated sulfur and chlorine.

The type of machinery will also influence some of the cutting oil characteristics. Screw machines, for example, suffer from severe cross-contamination between lubricating oil and cutting oil. For this reason, these machines are frequently run on dual-purpose or triple-purpose oils that can be used in lubricant boxes, hydraulic and cut oil kegs.

Crushers, gun drills and deep-hole drilling machines require high-speed cooling, good chip and debris flushing, tool-pass delivery, and oil of hardness viscosity for high pressure applications without bubbles. CNC OEMs may have limited cutting oil due to potential incompatibilities between cutting fluid and machine parts, such as seals. A centerless grinder may require a more robust fluid than a surface grinder.

In general, the composition of the present disclosure in ready-to-use form can be applied during the material processing process. As used herein, material processing, which may also be referred to as machining, is used to bring the tool into contact with the material by any suitable method and to deform the shape or surface of the material, and heat at the point of contact between the material and the tooling. This is the process by which it is created. Examples include cutting material using a blade, drilling a hole in the material using a drill bit, and removing the surface layer of the material using a cutting lathe. Another example of material processing is stamping. The composition may be applied to the material being processed and/or the tooling that comes into contact with the material being processed. Examples of application processes include flooding, spraying, dripping, misting and brushing the composition onto the part being processed and/or the associated tooling in contact with the part being processed. The material to be processed can be, for example, metal, stone or plastic. After application, the composition will maintain the tooling/material interface at a relatively cool temperature to prevent damage, such as warping, to each material being processed and the tooling performing the processing. The composition can also provide lubricating properties.

For example, if the processing fluid is a metal cutting fluid, the fluid provides the coolant and lubricant properties necessary for metal working processes, such as machinery and stamping. Metal cutting generates heat due to friction, which can deform the material. Coolants can act to accelerate the cutting process by removing heat from machinery and materials, making the machine more productive. In addition to cooling, the cutting fluid also aids in the cutting process by lubricating the interface between the chip and the cutting edge of the tool. By preventing friction at the interface, some of the heat generation is prevented. This lubrication also helps to prevent chips from fusing on the tool, which can interfere with subsequent cutting. Most metal working and machining processes can benefit from the use of cutting fluids, depending on the workpiece material.

The compositions of the present disclosure provide one or more of the following advantages during material processing: maintaining the workpiece at a stable temperature (which is important when working with extreme precision); Maximizing the life of the cutting tip by lubricating the working edge and reducing top fusion; To ensure safety for people handling it (toxicity, bacteria and fungi) and for the environment upon disposal; And preventing rust on machine parts and cutters.

Some of the machining equipment will come into contact with the workpiece being machined. For example, the processing equipment may have blades that cut the material during processing. The blade may be metal, for example stainless steel, or may be covered with diamonds. Alternatively, the processing equipment may be a turning tool, such as a latch or drill, or a polishing or sanding device.

Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a method of delivering a processing fluid, such as a metal cooling composition, as described herein. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides the steps of providing a processing composition of the present disclosure, applying the composition to one or both of the material being processed and the tooling used to process the material, and of the composition of the present disclosure. It provides a method comprising processing a material using tooling in the presence of. The method provides cooling and temperature control at the interface where the tooling is in contact with the material being machined and/or provides lubrication to the interface.

For example, the present disclosure provides a method of processing a solid material such as metal, stone, plastic, the method comprising a composition of the present disclosure, such as a composition comprising water, a first surfactant, a thickener and a rust inhibitor. Providing; Applying the composition to the material being processed, for example by brushing, spraying or injecting the composition onto the material and/or on the tooling to be processed, wherein the composition will be transferred to the interface of the tooling/material during the processing process; And processing the material using tooling in the presence of the composition.

As another example, the present disclosure provides a method of processing a solid material such as metal, stone, plastic, the method comprising a composition of the present disclosure such as water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt and an rust inhibitor. Providing a composition; Applying the composition to the material being processed, for example by brushing, spraying or injecting the composition onto the material and/or on the tooling to be processed, wherein the composition will be transferred to the interface of the tooling/material during the processing process; And processing the material using tooling in the presence of the composition.

The stone may be any of granite, limestone, marble, sandstone, slate, basalt, travertine or quartzite, for example. Other stones can also be processed using the compositions of the present disclosure.

The plastic can be, for example, pure polymers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, or plastic composites, such as a composite of polymers and stone, for example CORIAN ^™ . The plastic may be a silicon chip or other silicon product, such as a silicon wafer or other silicon material used in the semiconductor industry.

Compositions according to the present disclosure and methods of use thereof a) reduce the heat generated on the cut surface for improved product quality (e.g., less burrs, smoother cuts, less deformation (for plastics)). that; b) achieve one or both of increasing the life of the processing equipment. In one embodiment, the compositions of the present disclosure contain little or no oil, and their use thus eliminates the disposal problem of toxic oil-based waste associated with alternative processing fluids.

The following examples are provided to illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting them.

Example

In the examples below, the commercial products presented may not have the stated solids content or degree of neutralization as used in the examples. In this case, the commercial product may be diluted with water to obtain the indicated solids content and/or neutralized with an acid or base as needed to provide the suggested neutralized form. The thickener is added to give a final viscosity of approximately whole milk or orange juice viscosity.

Example 1

The following components sequentially in about 10 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): first anionic surfactant solution (branched sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (e.g. Sulphonic 100 from Stepan Company) (SULFONIC 100)) with about 60% solids in water, about 9 kg, after neutralization with sodium hydroxide), amphoteric surfactant solution (cocamidopropylbetaine (e.g. Amphosol CA (AMPHOSOL from Stefan Company)) CA)), about 4.5 kg with about 35% solids in water), heated water (about 9 kg), a solution of a second anionic surfactant (sodium lauryl ether sulfate (e.g. Pilot Chemical Company (Pilot Chemical Co.) of CALFOAM ES-703)) with about 3% solids in water), and an inorganic salt solution (about 2 kg with about 30% solids in water of calcium chloride), wherein the calcium chloride Both solid and solution forms were added, for example, available from OxyChem (Ludington, Michigan, USA) and stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foam formation after each ingredient addition. The resulting mixture is cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then a thickener (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (e.g. AQUALON, Ashland Chemicals, Covington, KY)) in water 1.5% solids (about 4 kg) was added To this mixture the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, optionally further adding one or both of a defoamer and a colorant to provide the final metal cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 2

The following components sequentially in about 10 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): about 53% in water of a first anionic surfactant solution (triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate (CALSOFT T60, Pilot Chemical) About 9 kg solids), amphoteric surfactant solution (sodium cocoamphoacetate (approximately 4.5 kg with about 35% solids content in water of Ampitol 20Y-B (AMPHITOL 20Y-B, Kao Chemicals)), Heated water (about 6.5 kg), a solution of a second anionic surfactant (ammonium lauryl sulfate (EMAL AD-25R (EMAL AD-25R, Kao Chemicals)) with about 7% solids in water of about 14 kg) , And an inorganic salt solution (about 2 kg of calcium chloride in about 30% solids in water, wherein both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride are available from, for example, Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan)), each After addition of the ingredients, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foam formation.The resulting mixture was cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours), followed by a thickener (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (e.g. WALOCEL CRT, Dow Chemical (about 4 kg with about 1.5% solids in water) was added To this mixture, the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, optionally further adding one or both of a defoamer and a colorant to final cut A fluid concentrate was provided.

Example 3

The following ingredients sequentially in about 8 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): about in water of a first anionic surfactant solution (sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (LATHANOL LAL flake, Stefan Company)). About 8.5 kg as 53% solids), amphoteric surfactant solution (about 6.3 kg as about 30% solids in water of lauryl hydroxysultaine (Amphitol 20HD, Kao Chemicals)), heated water (about 6.5 kg) ), a second anionic surfactant solution (octyl phenol ethoxylate sulfate (POE-3, POLY-STEP C-OP3S (poly-step C-OP3S) (Stefan Company)) in about 7% solids in water) About 14 kg), and an inorganic salt solution (about 2 kg with about 30% solids in water of calcium chloride, wherein both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride are available, for example, from Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan)). And, after adding each component, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foam formation. The resulting mixture is cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours), then a thickener (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (e.g. Aqualon (Ashland Chemicals, Covington, KY)) of about 1.5% solids in water. 4 kg) was added. To this mixture the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, and optionally one or both of a defoamer and a colorant were further added to give the final cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 4

The following ingredients sequentially in about 8.5 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): first anionic surfactant solution (polyoxyethylene (10) nonylphenol phosphate (FOSFODET 9Q/22, Kao Chemical) S)), about 9 kg with about 53% solids in water), about 35% in water of an amphoteric surfactant solution (disodium cocoampodipropionate (CRODATERIC CADP 38, Croda)) 5.3 kg as a solid), heated water (about 6 kg), water of a second anionic surfactant solution (sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (STEPWET DOS-70, Stefan Company)) About 14 kg with about 7% solids in water), and an inorganic salt solution (about 3.3 kg with about 30% solids in water of calcium chloride, where both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride, for example, Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan)) ) And stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foaming after each ingredient addition The resulting mixture was cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours), followed by a thickener (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose ( For example, Wallocel CRT (Dow Chemical), about 4 kg with about 1.5% solids in water) was added To this mixture, the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, optionally additionally one or both of a defoamer and a colorant. This provided the final cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 5

In about 15 kg of heated water (about 75° C.) sequentially the following components: a first anionic surfactant solution (polyoxyethylene (8) octyl ether carboxylic acid (AKYPO LF2, Kao Chemical)) About 5 kg with about 53% solids in water), an amphoteric surfactant solution (about 8.3 kg with about 30% solids in water of cocamidopropylamine oxide (caloxamine CPO, pilot chemical)), heating Water (about 14 kg), a solution of a second anionic surfactant (sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (MAPROSYL 30-B, Stefan Company)) in about 20% solids in water. 7.5 kg), and an inorganic salt solution (about 3.3 kg with about 30% solids in water of calcium chloride, where both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride are available for example from Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan)), After the addition of each component, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foam formation. The resulting mixture is cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours), then a thickener (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (e.g. Aqualon (Ashland Chemicals, Covington, KY)) of about 1.5% solids in water. 4 kg) was added. To this mixture the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, and optionally one or both of a defoamer and a colorant were further added to give the final cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 6

The following components sequentially in about 14 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): a first anionic surfactant solution (about 5.6 kg as about 50% solids in water of potassium oleate (ICTEOL K-50, Kao Chemicals)) , Amphoteric surfactant solution (about 8.3 kg with about 30% solids in water of Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CALTAINE C-35, Pilot Chemical)), heated water (about 15 kg), A solution of a second anionic surfactant (about 6 kg with about 20% solids in water of disulfonated diphenyl oxide with linear decyl substitution (DOWFAX C10L, Dow Chemical)), and an inorganic salt solution (calcium chloride 3.3 kg of about 30% solids in water, wherein both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride are added, for example, available from Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan, USA), minimizing foam formation after each ingredient addition The mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then a thickener (about 4 kg with about 1.5% solids in water of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (eg Wallocel CRT (Dow Chemical)) was added). To this mixture the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, and optionally one or both of a defoamer and a colorant were further added to give the final cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 7

The following components sequentially in about 15 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): in water of the first anionic surfactant solution (isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate (NINATE 411, Stefan Company)) About 5 kg with about 50% solids), amphoteric surfactant solution (about 10 kg with about 30% solids in water of cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (Ampozol CS-50, Stefan)), heated water (approx. 15 kg), a second anionic surfactant solution (about 5 kg as about 30% solids in water of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (MELIOSOL 50X, Kao Chemical)), and an inorganic salt solution (calcium chloride). About 3.3 kg at about 30% solids in water, wherein both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride are added, for example, available from Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan, USA), minimizing foam formation after each ingredient addition. And stirred for about 30 minutes. The resulting mixture is cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours), then a thickener (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (e.g. Aqualon (Ashland Chemicals, Covington, KY)) of about 1.5% solids in water. 4 kg) was added. To this mixture the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, and optionally one or both of a defoamer and a colorant were further added to give the final cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 8

The following components sequentially in about 20 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): water of a first anionic surfactant solution (disulfonated diphenyl oxide with alkyl substitution (DOWFAX C10L, Dow Chemical)) About 6.7 kg with about 50% solids in water), about 6.7 kg with about 30% solids in water of an amphoteric surfactant solution (lauramidopropylbetaine (Amphitol 20AB (Kao Chemicals))), heated water (About 12 kg), a solution of a second anionic surfactant (about 4 kg with about 20% solids in water of sodium C14-C16 olefin sulfonate (ALFANOX 46, Kao Chemical)), and an inorganic salt solution (About 1.7 kg as about 30% solids in water of calcium chloride, where both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride are available, for example, from Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan)) and foam formation after each ingredient addition Stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes The resulting mixture was cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then a thickener (about 4 kg with about 1.5% solids in water of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (eg Wallocel CRT (Dow Chemical)) was added). To this mixture the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, and optionally one or both of a defoamer and a colorant were further added to give the final cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 9

The following components sequentially in about 10 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): about 60% solids in water of the first anionic surfactant solution (linear chain sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (Carlsoft F90 (Pilot Chemical))) 9 kg), an amphoteric surfactant solution (about 4.5 kg with about 35% solids in water of Cocamidopropylbetaine (e.g. Amposol CA from Stefan Company)), heated water (about 9 kg) ), a second anionic surfactant solution (about 11 kg with about 3% solids in water of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (e.g. Calform ES-703 from Pilot Chemical Company)), and an inorganic salt solution (calcium chloride Of about 2 kg with about 30% solids in water, wherein both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride are added, for example, available from Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan, USA), minimizing foam formation after each ingredient addition The mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes. The resulting mixture is cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then a thickener (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (e.g. Aqualon (Ashland Chemicals, Covington, KY)) of about 1.5% solids in water). 4 kg) was added. To this mixture the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, and optionally one or both of a defoamer and a colorant were further added to give the final cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 10

The following components sequentially in about 10 kg of heated water (about 75° C.): about 60% solids in water of the first anionic surfactant solution (linear chain sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (Carlsoft F90 (Pilot Chemical))) 9 kg), amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 4.5 kg with about 35% solids in water of Cocamidopropyl Betaine (e.g. Amposol CA from Stefan Campanirol)), containing ethylene glycol butyl ether About 3% solids in water of heated water (about 9 kg water and about 1 kg ether), second anionic surfactant solution (sodium lauret sulfate (e.g. Calform ES-703 from Pilot Chemical Company) 11 kg), and an inorganic salt solution (about 2 kg in water of about 30% solids of calcium chloride, where both solid and solution forms of calcium chloride are available, for example, from Oxychem (Ludington, Michigan)). And stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foam formation after addition of each ingredient. The resulting mixture is cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours), then a thickener (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (e.g. Aqualon (Ashland Chemicals, Covington, KY)) of about 1.5% solids in water. 4 kg) was added. To this mixture the desired amount of rust inhibitor was added, and optionally one or both of a defoamer and a colorant were further added to give the final cutting fluid concentrate.

Example 11

The present disclosure provides a high solids content (also referred to as a high solids concentration) cutting fluid, which is referred to as a concentrate (or cutting fluid concentrate) and can be diluted with water prior to use in machining or processing operations. have. Table 1 shows the various machining operations that characterize the metal being machined and the processes applied to the metal. The processes are examples of processes used in metal work, such as broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing and grinding. Each of these processes benefits from applying a cutting fluid to the metal during a metal working or machining process, where the required amount of cutting fluid depends not only on the particular process, but also on the type of metal on which the process is performed. In addition to representing the various processes, Table 1 shows eight common metals: aluminum (Al) alloy, brass, cast iron (also known as cast iron), bronze, low-carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and titanium (Ti) alloy. Represents. For each process and metal selected, Table 1 presents the parts of water that can be added to one part of the cutting fluid concentrate of the present disclosure to create an effective cutting fluid. For example, bronze can be broached using a cutting fluid made from 10 parts water and 1 part cutting fluid concentrate of the present disclosure. As another example, titanium alloys can be turned using a cutting fluid prepared by blending with any of 5-10 parts water for each 1 part of the cutting fluid concentrate of the present disclosure.

Table 1 is based on diluting the concentrates of the present disclosure with water. For example, if the desired operation is to broach using bronze, it is recommended to dilute the concentrate of the present disclosure with 10 to 15 parts of water.

For example, 18% by weight sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 9% by weight cocamidopropyl betaine, 8% by weight hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5% by weight sodium laureth sulfate, 4% by weight calcium chloride, A concentrate with 2% by weight of ethylene glycol butyl ether and 54% by weight of water was used, which was diluted 10-fold with water. The rust inhibitor was added at 1.5 x concentrate/10000 ppm based on a 1:150 ratio mixing. Defoamer was added at 0.15 x concentrate/1000 ppm based on 1:150 ratio mixing. The colorant was added at 0.0000095 x concentrate (liters)/10 ppm in a 1:150 ratio mixing. The rust inhibitor is based on 1% of the total dilution of the concentrate (1:150 ratio mixture). The defoaming agent is based on 0.01% of the total dilution of the concentrate (1:150 ratio mixture). Antibacterial agents can be optionally added.

The efficacy of the metal cutting fluid concentrate and composition of the present disclosure can be assessed by one or more test methods that demonstrate the effectiveness of the composition during metal cutting operations.

For example, the cutting fluid composition as described in Example 11 was compared to a commercial emulsion oil to perform a vibration test. The cutting was carried out during the milling operation at 3,000 revolutions per minute and a blade movement of 250 mm/min. Along the x axis, the vibration was measured to be 0.08179268 for the commercial emulsion oil, compared to 0.056828924 (30.5% reduction in vibration amplitude) for the metal cutting fluid of Example 11. Along the y axis, the vibration was measured to be 0.07328386 for the same commercial emulsion oil, compared to 0.044023185 (39.9% reduction in vibration amplitude) for the metal cutting fluid of Example 11. Along the z axis, the vibration was measured to be 0.077851914 for the same commercial emulsion oil, compared to 0.059323387 (23.8 reduction in vibration amplitude) for the metal cutting fluid of Example 11.

When the roughness test was performed using a milling operation on medium-carbon steel, the commercial emulsion oil gave a roughness of 4.972 as an average R _max (μm), whereas the metal cutting fluid of Example 11 was 3.913 R _max (μm). The illuminance of was provided. Thus, the metal cutting fluid of the present disclosure provided a 21.3% reduction in the roughness of the cut section compared to a commercial emulsion based oil.

Example 12

As shown in Table 1, 5 to 15-fold dilutions of the material processing concentrates of the present disclosure are suitably used for a wide variety of metal and other machining operations. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition resulting from a 5-15 fold dilution of a concentrate of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition resulting from a 5-fold dilution of a concentrate of the disclosure. In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition resulting from a 15-fold dilution of a concentrate of the disclosure.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition resulting from a 10-fold dilution of a concentrate of the disclosure. The composition comprises 0.2% by weight of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.05% by weight of sodium laureth sulfate, 0.09% by weight of cocamidopropyl betaine, 0.08% by weight of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.04% by weight of calcium chloride, 0.02 Weight percent ethylene glycol butyl ether. To the diluted solution, a rust inhibitor was added in an amount of 0.2% by weight and a defoamer was added in an amount of 0.1% by weight.

The composition is of any of the respective mechanical operations listed in Table 1, namely aluminum (Al) alloy, brass, cast iron (also known as cast iron), bronze, low-carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and titanium (Ti) alloy. Can be used in broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing or grinding

Any of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide additional embodiments. All U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications mentioned in this specification and/or listed in the application data sheet are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments may be modified using the concept of various patents, applications, and publications as needed to provide further embodiments. These and other changes may be made to the embodiments in light of the above detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specification and the specific embodiments disclosed in the claims, including all possible embodiments, along with all scope equivalents to which such claims are granted. It should be interpreted as doing. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the present disclosure.

Claims (43)

A processing fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant, a thickener and a rust inhibitor. A processing fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt and a rust inhibitor. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant. The composition of claim 3, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant comprising a sulfonate group or a sulfate group. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the amphoteric surfactant comprises a betaine group. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the first surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising two surfactants, wherein the two surfactants are each anionic surfactant. 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the two surfactants are sulfate-containing surfactants and sulfonate-containing surfactants. The composition of claim 10, wherein the two surfactants are sodium laureth sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other is an amphoteric surfactant. 14. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the two surfactants are sulfate-containing anionic surfactants and betaine-containing amphoteric surfactants. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the two surfactants are sulfonate-containing anionic surfactants and betaine-containing amphoteric surfactants. 17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. The method of claim 1 or 2, comprising three surfactants, two of the three surfactants being non-identical anionic surfactants, and one of the three surfactants being an amphoteric surfactant Phosphorus composition. 19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the three surfactants are sulfate-containing surfactants, sulfonate-containing surfactants and betaine-containing surfactants. The composition of claim 19, wherein the three surfactants are sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rust inhibitor is sodium nitrite. 21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the rust inhibitor is sodium nitrite. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a thickener which is a cellulose thickener. 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the cellulose thickener is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose. The composition of claim 20 comprising a thickener that is a cellulose thickener. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the cellulose thickener is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising an inorganic salt which is calcium chloride. 21. The composition of claim 20 comprising an inorganic salt. 29. The composition of claim 28, wherein the inorganic salt is calcium chloride. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a defoaming agent. 31. The composition of claim 30, wherein the defoamer is a silicone polymer. 21. The composition of claim 20 comprising a defoaming agent. 33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the defoamer is a silicone polymer. 21. The composition of claim 20 comprising at least one of a cellulose thickener, an inorganic salt and a defoamer. The composition of claim 20 comprising a cellulose thickener, an inorganic salt and a defoamer. The composition of claim 1 comprising water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, a thickener such as a cellulose thickener, and a rust inhibitor. The composition of claim 2 comprising water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, an inorganic salt such as calcium chloride, and a rust inhibitor. A metal, stone, comprising applying to a piece of material to be machined a composition comprising the composition of any one of claims 1-37 in an amount and time effective to dissipate heat from the material being machined. , A method for machining a material selected from glass and plastic. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the material to be machined is a metal selected from aluminum alloy, brass, cast iron, bronze, low-carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and titanium alloy. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the material to be machined is stone. 39. The material of claim 38, wherein the material to be machined is plastic. 39. The material of claim 38, wherein the material is glass. The method of claim 38, wherein the piece of material to be machined is broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing ( honing) and grinding.