JP2020537033A - Processing fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

The working fluid composition, eg, metal cutting fluid concentrate, is water, a first surfactant that is an anionic surfactant, a second surfactant that is an amphoteric surfactant, and an anionic surfactant and amphoteric. A third surfactant selected from the surfactants (the third surfactant is different from the first or second surfactant and water), a rust preventive, a colorant, and an antifoaming agent. Included with at least one of. The concentrate, in combination with water, provides a working fluid such as a metal cutting fluid composition that can be applied to the metal piece being cut in an effective time and amount to dissipate heat from the metal being cut. Can be done.

Description

(Cross-reference of related applications)
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 62 / 570,617 filed on October 10, 2017, in accordance with Article 119 (e) of the U.S. Patent Act, with reference to the entire application. Invite.

The present invention generally relates to compositions for the fabrication and processing of heat-generating materials (eg, cutting metal or stone), concentrates thereof, and methods of making and using the compositions.

During the process of machining (eg cutting) a solid material such as stone or metal (eg drilling a hole in metal or cutting a piece of metal into smaller pieces), the cutting or molding equipment is lubricated and machined. Fluids are commonly used to reduce wear on the equipment involved. This fluid, such as a metal cutting fluid, is applied where the material (eg, metal) is being cut by a cutting device, such as a blade. The fluid provides various functions such as helping dissipate the heat generated during the machining process (eg, cutting operation). In the absence of dissipation, heat can cause warpage and / or other damage to one or both of the cutting equipment and the material being cut (eg metal). Other benefits of working fluids include extended tool life, improved surface finish, and cleaning of chips from the cutting zone. Virtually all cutting fluids currently in use fall into one of four categories: 1) neat oils, 2) soluble oils, 3) semi-synthetic fluids, and 4) synthetic fluids.

Neat oil is non-emulsifying and is used for machining in undiluted form. Neat oils include base mineral oils or petroleum, and often polar lubricants (such as fats, vegetable oils and esters) and extreme pressure additives (such as chlorine, sulfur and phosphorus). Neat oil has the highest lubrication characteristics and the lowest cooling characteristics among cutting fluids.
Soluble oil fluids form emulsions when mixed with water. The concentrate consists of a base mineral oil and an emulsifier that helps form a stable emulsion. The concentrate is used in diluted form (normal concentration = 3-10%) to provide good lubrication and heat transfer performance. Concentrates are widely used in industry and are the cheapest of all cutting fluids.
Semi-synthetic fluids are essentially a combination of synthetic fluids and soluble oil fluids, both of which have common properties. The cost and heat transfer performance of semi-synthetic fluids is between synthetic fluids and soluble oil fluids.
Synthetic fluids do not contain petroleum or mineral oil bases and are instead formulated from alkaline inorganic and organic compounds as well as corrosion protection additives. Synthetic fluids are commonly used in diluted form (usually a concentration of 3-10%). Synthetic fluids often have the highest cooling performance of all cutting fluids and the lowest lubrication properties of all cutting fluids.

An improved machining fluid, such as an improved metal cutting fluid, is needed. The present disclosure is intended to satisfy this need.

Briefly, the present disclosure describes working fluid concentrates such as metal cutting, working fluid compositions, such as metal cutting fluids (which is a diluted form of the concentrate), methods of making the concentrates and compositions. Provided are a method of using the above-mentioned concentrate and composition for cutting, for example, metal, stone, plastic, etc. in a metal processing process.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising water and a non-volatile component, some of which may be liquid in a pure state, also referred to herein as a solid). The solid includes one or more kinds of surfactants, and typical surfactants are anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants. For example, the solid is selected from a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants and anionic surfactants. The third surfactant may be contained, and the third surfactant is different from the first and second surfactants. The solid may also contain one or more agents selected from rust inhibitors and anticorrosive agents, which are collectively referred to herein as rust inhibitors.

Optional non-volatile components present in the composition are thickeners (also called thickeners, suitable for increasing the viscosity or substance of the composition); at the concentration used in the composition. Inorganic salts that are water-soluble; organic solvents that are miscible with water at the concentrations used in the composition; antifoaming agents (the term includes antifoaming agents to reduce foaming of the composition during use. (Used in effective amounts); and one or more of colorants (also referred to herein as colorants, which impart color to the composition).

As mentioned above, the compositions of the present disclosure include water in addition to the non-volatile non-aqueous components. In one embodiment, the composition has a high concentration of non-volatile components because the composition contains a relatively small amount of water. Such compositions may also be referred to herein as concentrate (or concentrate) compositions, or metal cutting concentrates. The concentrate may be provided to a facility that performs metal cutting or other material processing, in which the worker is a fluid having properties suitable for a particular machining condition (eg, cutting metal or other material). The concentrate can be diluted with the amount of water provided. For example, cutting bronze may benefit from concentrates with different dilutions than those used to cut different metals such as stainless steel. In one embodiment, the concentrate is 5-50% by weight water. In another embodiment, the concentrated composition is 40-50% by weight water and 50-60% by weight non-aqueous component, the non-aqueous component being at least suitable for surfactants, rust inhibitors, and aqueous components. Includes one thickener, as well as inorganic salts. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a ready-to-use metal cutting fluid for metal cutting operations. In such ready-to-use compositions, the water content is typically 75-99% by weight, or 75.0-99.9% by weight, or 90-99% by weight of water, or 90.0-. It ranges from 99.9% by mass water, or 97.9-99.9% by mass water, or 98.0-99.9% by mass water, or 99.9-99.9% by mass water. ..

In one embodiment, the composition comprises water, a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and anionic surfactants. A third surfactant selected from activators (the third surfactant is different from the first and second surfactants), inorganic salts, organic solvents, thickeners, rust preventives, and defoamers. Contains foaming agent.

The following numbered embodiments are further representative embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure:
1) A processed fluid composition containing water, a first surfactant, a thickener, and a rust preventive.
2) A processed fluid composition containing water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt, and a rust preventive.
3) The composition of Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
4) The composition of Embodiment 3, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant containing a sulfonate group or a sulfate group.
5) The composition of Embodiment 3, wherein the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
6) The composition of Embodiment 3, wherein the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate.
7) The composition of Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.
8) The composition of Embodiment 7, wherein the amphoteric surfactant contains a betaine group.
9) The composition of Embodiment 7, wherein the first surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.
10) The composition of Embodiment 1 or 2, which comprises two surfactants and each of the two surfactants is an anionic surfactant.
11) The composition of Embodiment 10, wherein the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant and a sulfonate-containing surfactant.
12) The composition of embodiment 10, wherein the two surfactants are sodium laureth sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
13) The composition of Embodiment 1 or 2, which comprises two types of surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other of which is an amphoteric surfactant.
14) The composition of embodiment 13, wherein the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant.
15) The composition of embodiment 14, wherein the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.
16) The composition of embodiment 13, wherein the two surfactants are a sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant.
17) The composition of embodiment 16, wherein the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.
18) Containing 3 types of surfactants, 2 of the 3 types of surfactants are not identical anionic surfactants, and 1 of the 3 types of surfactants is an amphoteric surfactant. , The composition of embodiment 1 or 2.
19) The composition of embodiment 18, wherein the three surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant, a sulfonate-containing surfactant, and a betaine-containing surfactant.
20) The composition of embodiment 19, wherein the three surfactants are sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, and cocamidopropyl betaine.
21) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the rust preventive is sodium nitrite.
22) The composition of embodiment 20, wherein the rust preventive is sodium nitrite.
23) The composition of Embodiment 1 or 2, which comprises a thickener which is a cellulosic thickener.
24) The composition of embodiment 23, wherein the cellulosic thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose.
25) The composition of Embodiment 20, which comprises a thickener which is a cellulosic thickener.
26) The composition of embodiment 25, wherein the cellulosic thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose.
27) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, which comprises an inorganic salt that is calcium chloride.
28) The composition of Embodiment 20, which comprises an inorganic salt.
29) The composition of embodiment 28, wherein the inorganic salt is calcium chloride.
30) The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, which comprises an antifoaming agent.
31) The composition of embodiment 30, wherein the antifoaming agent is a silicone polymer.
32) The composition of embodiment 20, which comprises an antifoaming agent.
33) The composition of embodiment 32, wherein the antifoaming agent is a silicone polymer.
34) The composition of embodiment 20, which comprises one or more of a cellulosic thickener, an inorganic salt and an antifoaming agent.
35) The composition of Embodiment 20, which comprises a cellulosic thickener, an inorganic salt, and an antifoaming agent.
36) The composition of the first embodiment, which comprises water, a thickener such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, a cellulosic thickener, and a rust preventive.
37) The composition of Embodiment 2, which comprises water, an inorganic salt such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, calcium chloride, and a rust preventive.
The composition may be used for metal processing, and another name may be referred to as a metal work processing composition, a metal machining composition, a metal cooling composition, or a metal cutting composition. The composition can also be used to process parts made from stone, plastic or glass, or other solid materials that are machined with tools in the heat generation process.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of producing a concentrated composition, eg, a metal cutting fluid concentrate, by combining the components described herein. At the option, the ingredients may be combined in batch. In this embodiment, the composition, eg, a metal cutting fluid concentrate composition, is warm water, one or more surfactants, eg, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and optionally anionic surfactants and amphoteric. Prepared by a method comprising the step of adding a third surfactant or the like selected from the surfactants to the vessel, where the third surfactant is an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant already added. Different from the agent. Additional optional ingredients include inorganic salts, organic solvents, thickeners, rust and anticorrosive agents, colorants, and defoamers; the mixture obtained after adding one ingredient to the container. Is stirred for, for example, about 30 minutes with minimal foaming until a completely homogeneous or nearly homogeneous state is reached, and then the following components are added. In one embodiment, an inorganic salt, an organic solvent, a thickener, a rust preventive or anticorrosive agent, and an antifoaming agent are added to the container.

For example, the present invention is a method for producing a working fluid composition, for example, a composition suitable for metal cutting.
a) Steps to prepare warm water by heating water to about 70-80 ° C;
b) Step of adding anionic surfactant to warm water;
c) The step of adding the amphoteric surfactant to the mixture of step b);
d) The step of adding warm water to the mixture of step c);
e) A step of optionally adding a third surfactant to step d), wherein the third surfactant is selected from an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, and the third surfactant. Is different from the anionic and amphoteric surfactants already present in the mixture, step;
f) The step of adding the inorganic salt to the mixture of step e);
g) includes step f) cooling the mixture to ambient temperature; and h) adding a thickener to the mixture in step f).
After adding one ingredient, the resulting mixture is stirred for a time sufficient to achieve a homogeneous or near homogeneous mixture, typically about 30 minutes, with minimal foaming, followed by the next ingredient. Provide a method of adding. Representative optional ingredients that can be used in this method include inorganic salts, organic solvents, thickeners, rust inhibitors or anticorrosive agents, colorants, and defoamers. In one embodiment, an inorganic salt, an organic solvent, a thickener, a rust preventive or anticorrosive agent, and an antifoaming agent are added to the mixture.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a composition, eg, a metal cutting fluid concentrate, by a continuous method. In this embodiment, the composition, eg, metal cutting fluid concentrate, is a step of preparing a continuous reactor, a step of putting water into the continuous reactor, a) anionic surfactant, b) in the water in the continuous reactor. The step of adding an amphoteric surfactant and optionally c) a third surfactant selected from an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant (the third surfactant has already been added to the reactor). Different from anionic and amphoteric surfactants); and components a), b) and optionally c) are prepared by the step of mixing to give a homogeneous mixture. Optionally, the water in the continuous reactor is maintained at a temperature above 50 ° C. Optionally, additional ingredients such as organic solvents, inorganic salts, thickeners, rust inhibitors or anticorrosives, colorants, and antifoaming agents are added to the formulation. In one embodiment, each of an organic solvent, an inorganic salt, a thickener, a rust inhibitor or anticorrosive agent, and an antifoaming agent is added to the mixture. A mixer, optionally selected from an in-line mixer and a static mixer, is present in the continuous reactor.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of forming a working fluid from a precursor concentrate, eg, a metal cutting fluid composition from a metal cutting fluid concentrate. According to this embodiment, water and concentrate are combined in a suitable water: concentrate ratio and the two components are mixed together to form a metal cutting fluid composition. In various optional embodiments, the concentrate is diluted 5-fold, 10-fold, or 15-fold. For clarity, 5-fold dilution refers to the combination of 100 parts of concentrate with 500 parts of water, where parts are in either liquid or solid measurement form, eg, grams, kilograms. Can be liters.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of cutting a metal, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the metal cutting fluid composition of the present disclosure on the metal being cut. The metal cutting fluids of the present disclosure can be applied to a metal during the process in which the metal is being cut. One typical step for applying the compositions of the present disclosure is dip feeding, which applies a large amount of cutting fluid to the workpiece being cut. Another typical step for applying the compositions of the present disclosure is jet feeding, which applies a jet of cutting fluid onto the workpiece towards the cutting zone. Another typical step for applying the compositions of the present disclosure is a mist supply that atomizes the cutting fluid by injecting air and directs the mist to the cutting zone of the workpiece.

The following numbered embodiments are further representative embodiments of the metal (meal) machining methods of the present disclosure, with reference to embodiments of the above compositions:
38) A method of machining a material selected from metal, stone, glass and plastic, wherein the composition comprising any of the compositions of Embodiments 1-37 is heated from the material being machined. A method comprising applying to a machined material piece in an amount and time effective to dissipate.
39) The method of embodiment 38, wherein the machined material is a metal selected from aluminum alloys, brass, cast iron, bronze, low carbon steels, stainless steels, alloy steels, and titanium alloys.
40) The method of embodiment 38, wherein the material being machined is stone.
41) The method of embodiment 38, wherein the material being machined is glass.
42) The method of embodiment 38, wherein the material being machined is plastic.
43) The embodiment in which the machined material piece is subjected to a process selected from broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing, and grinding. 38 methods.

Details of one or more embodiments are described in the description below. Features exemplified or described in connection with one representative embodiment may be combined with features of other embodiments. Other features, objectives and advantages will become apparent from the specification and the claims. Furthermore, the disclosures of all patents and patent applications referred to herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides material processing compositions, such as metal cutting fluid compositions, in both concentrated and diluted (ready-to-use) forms. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of forming a working fluid in a concentrated form and then diluting the concentrated composition into a diluted form. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of using the composition in a method of processing a material, such as a metal cutting operation. Thus, in another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of forming a working fluid composition, eg, a metal cutting fluid composition, in a concentrated form and then diluting the concentrated composition into a diluted form. In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of using the composition in a material cutting or molding process, such as a metal cutting operation. When the present disclosure refers to metal cutting fluids or metal cooling fluids, these fluid compositions may generally be used in material processing, such as glass processing, stone processing, and plastic processing, for use in metal processing. Not limited. Thus, metal cutting or metal cooling compositions can be used for metal cutting or processing, but if the processing generates heat that is desirable to dissipate during the processing process, of stone or other materials such as plastic or glass. It may also be used for processing.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising water and a non-volatile component, some of which are liquid in a pure state, but also referred to herein as a solid. The solid includes one or more kinds of surfactants, and typical surfactants are anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants. For example, the solid is selected from a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants and anionic surfactants. The third surfactant may be contained, and the third surfactant is different from the first and second surfactants. The solid may also contain one or more agents selected from rust inhibitors and anticorrosive agents, which are collectively referred to herein as rust inhibitors.
Optional non-volatile components present in the composition are thickeners (also called thickeners, suitable for increasing the viscosity or substance of the composition); at the concentration used in the composition. Water-soluble inorganic salts; organics that are miscible with water at the concentrations used in the composition and have a boiling point higher than the boiling point of water, such as at least 125 ° C, or at least 150 ° C, or at least 170 ° C. Solvents; antifoaming agents (this term includes antifoaming agents and is used in an amount effective to reduce foaming of the composition during use); , Adding color to the composition).

In one aspect, the fluid composition is more environmentally friendly than an alternative fluid composition that does not have a carbon-halogen bond and therefore contains one or more components having such a bond.

The fluids of the present disclosure have the following effects during material processing, especially during metal machining. The main effects include lubrication of the cutting process mainly at low cutting speeds, cooling of workpieces mainly at high cutting speeds, and cleaning of chips from the cutting zone. As a secondary effect, it is possible to handle parts by preventing corrosion on the machined surface and cooling the high temperature surface. The process benefits of using the cutting fluids of the present disclosure for machining include extended tool life, reduced thermal deformation of workpieces, better surface finishes, and easier handling of chips and chips. Can be mentioned.
The compositions of the present disclosure provide good heat transfer performance, good lubrication performance, good chip cleaning performance, good fluid mist generation, good fluid removal of chips, and good corrosion protection. The composition in emulsion form exhibits good fluid stability.

As used herein and in the intended claims, the singular forms "one," "one," and "corresponding" include a plurality of references unless otherwise explicitly stated. Keep in mind. Thus, "one amphoteric surfactant" includes a single amphoteric surfactant and one or more amphoteric or different amphoteric surfactants.

Constituents The compositions of the present disclosure include at least one surfactant. In one embodiment, the composition contains an amphoteric surfactant. In another embodiment, the composition contains an anionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the composition contains two different amphoteric surfactants, optionally in combination with an anionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the composition contains two different anionic surfactants, optionally in combination with an amphoteric surfactant.

Amphoteric Surfactants In one embodiment, the compositions of the present disclosure include at least one amphoteric surfactant, optionally one or more amphoteric surfactants. As used herein, an amphoteric surfactant is a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged atoms. Surfactant molecules may enclose polymer components and may also contain counterions such as sodium and ammonia, but counterions are considered to be one of the positively or negatively charged atoms that identify the molecule as an amphoteric surfactant. Not done.
The positively charged atom may be, for example, a nitrogen atom that provides an ammonium group, or a sulfur atom that provides, for example, a sulfonium group. The presence of a positive charge on a particular atom can be a function of the pH to which the molecule is exposed. In other words, the amphoteric surfactants of the present disclosure do not have to have positively charged atoms and negatively charged atoms at any pH of the ambient solution, but have these charged electrons only within a certain pH range. obtain. For example, if the molecule has a nitrogen atom carrying a positive charge, the charge can only be present if the pH of the ambient solution (aqueous solution) is low enough for the nitrogen atom to protonate. This happens, for example, when the nitrogen atom is part of a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine. Alternatively, the nitrogen atom may be part of a quaternary ammonium ion that maintains its positive charge regardless of the pH of the ambient solution.
The negatively charged atom may be, for example, an oxygen atom that can be part of a recognized functional group such as a carboxylate group, a sulfate group, a sulfonate group, or a phosphate. Like the positive charge, the presence of a negative charge on a particular atom can be a function of the pH to which the molecule is exposed. In other words, the amphoteric surfactants of the present disclosure need not have negatively charged atoms and positively charged atoms at any pH of the ambient solution, and may have these charged electrons only within a certain pH range. .. For example, if the molecule has a negatively charged oxygen atom, the charge can only be present if the pH of the ambient solution (aqueous solution) is high enough for the oxygen atom to deprotonate. This happens, for example, when the oxygen atom is, for example, part of a carboxylic acid group, only the carboxylate form of the carboxylic acid group has a negatively charged oxygen atom, and the corresponding carboxylic acid form is a neutral oxygen atom. Is the case.
In summary, amphoteric tensides do not have to have both positively and negatively charged atoms over the entire pH range that the ambient solution can take, and some of these two types of charged atoms. It has a pH range, which is sometimes referred to in the art as an isoelectric pH range. When an amphoteric surfactant has both positively and negatively charged atoms, it can be said that the surfactant is in its zwitterionic form. When the chemical structure of amphoteric surfactants is given herein, the term X is used to refer to counterions that may be associated with positively or negatively charged atoms within the isoelectric pH range. Typical cationic counterions are sodium and ammonium. Typical anionic counterions are chlorides and phosphates. It should be noted that either positive or negative charges can be delocalized across multiple atoms. For example, when a negative charge is on an oxygen atom and the oxygen atom is part of a carboxylate group, the negative charge is delocalized to both oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group.

Moreover, like all surfactants, amphoteric surfactants have both lipophilic (known as hydrophobic) and oleophilic (known as hydrophilic) regions. The lipophilic region is sometimes referred to as the aliphatic region. The aliphatic region may be composed of hydrocarbon moieties present in natural fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines and the like, but may otherwise be formed synthetically, ie polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (propylene). It may be a fragment produced by synthesis of (oxide) or the like. As used herein, and when describing a classification of amphoteric surfactants, the term "R" is used to refer to the aliphatic region of the molecule. In various embodiments, R represents a medium or long chain aliphatic group such as: C _{6 to} C ₂₄ fragments, ie at least 6 and up to 24 carbon atoms, and optionally any. Molecular fragments with other atoms, such as hydrogen, halogen (eg, F, Cl, Br), nitrogen, and hydrogen; C _{6 to} C ₂₄ hydrocarbons, ie 6 to 24 carbon atoms and carbon atom atoms. Molecular fragments with valent hydrogen atoms; C _{8 to} C ₂₂ fragments; C _{8 to} C ₂₂ hydrocarbons; C _{10 to} C ₂₀ fragments; C _{10 to} C ₂₀ hydrocarbons; C _{12 to} C ₁₈ fragments; and C ₁₂ ~ C ₁₈ hydrocarbons. In various embodiments, R has at least 6, or at least 8, or at least 10, or at least 12, or at least 14, or at least 16 carbon atoms. In various embodiments, R has 30 or less, or 26 or less, or 24 or less, or 22 or less, or 20 or less, or 18 or less carbon atoms. The term R may represent an alkyl group, wherein the term alkyl is a linear, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group generally having any number in any of the above carbon atomic ranges. (For example, C6 to C24 refers to an alkyl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms). Examples of alkyl groups include 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, capryl, caprin, laurin, myristine, palmitic acid, stearin, olein, linolenic acid, linolenic acid, and behen.

The following few paragraphs give examples of specific amphoteric surfactant categories that are representative and specific amphoteric surfactants that can be incorporated into the fluid compositions of the present disclosure. Note that the categories are not mutually exclusive, as a particular amphoteric surfactant can fall into more than one category, i.e. two categories can overlap with respect to the surfactants contained in one category. Should be. In the field of surfactants, there are various terms used to classify and recognize individual classifications of amphoteric surfactants and to classify and recognize the whole surfactant, and these terms are often referred to as mutual surfactants. Does not provide an exclusive compartment. Nevertheless, the following provide amphoteric surfactants useful in the present disclosure. For convenience, surfactants can be identified by reference only to their charged portion. For example, an amphoteric tenside may be referred to as betaine, or betaine surfactant, to indicate that the amphoteric surfactant contains a betaine group. As another example, if the amphoteric surfactant contains a hydroxysultain group, such surfactants may be referred to as hydroxysultain surfactants, or even more simply, if circumstances permit. Sometimes called tine. Alternatively, it can be said that the amphoteric surfactant contains a clearly identified charging group such as betaine or betaine group, hydroxysultaine group, amine oxide group and the like.

In some of the following chemical structures, the term "L" is used to refer to a linking group. A linking group is a short chain of atoms that links two described functional groups present in an amphoteric surfactant into one. In one embodiment, L is methylene, i.e. -CH _2- . In one embodiment, L is ethylene, i.e. -CH ₂ CH _2- . In one embodiment, L is propylene, ie −CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ −. The linking group may contain a substituent on the alkylene chain, and the substituent can be, for example, a halogen, a hydroxyl group or a short chain (about C _{1 to} C ₄ ) alkyl. In one embodiment, L is hydroxyl-substituted propylene, eg-CH ₂ CH (OH) CH _2- . In another embodiment, L is methyl-substituted methylene, eg-CH (CH ₃ )-. In one embodiment, L is methylene, ethylene or propylene, each optionally substituted with hydroxyl. In one embodiment, L is dimethyl ether, i.e., -CH ₂ -O-CH ₂ - is. In one embodiment, L is a chain of 1 to 5 atoms selected from carbon and oxygen, where the chain is optionally substituted with hydroxyl or halide.

Any of the following terms can be used to explicitly list "amphoteric tensides" and thereby provide a selection of amphoteric tensides useful in one embodiment of the present disclosure: alkylamide propyl betaine, alkyl. Aminoxide, alkyl amphoteric acetate, alkyl betaine, alkyl carboxyglycine, alkyl glycine, alkyl sulfobetaine, sultine, alkyl amphotericate, alkyl amphoteric acid, alkylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, acyl taurate, acyl glutamate. Each of the above terms is known in the art and many of these terms are described below.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a betaine surfactant, which means that the surfactant comprises a betaine group. Betaine surfactants, the chemical structure CH ₃ when the alkyl group is a straight chain alkyl group - Table by _{(CH 2) n -CONH-CH} 2 CH 2 CH 2 -N (CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -COOX It may be an alkylamide propyl betaine which can be used. More generally, amidopropyl betaines, chemical structure _{R-CONH-CH 2 CH 2} CH 2 -N (CH 3) may be represented by ₂ -CH ₂ -COOX. All of these are examples of alkylamide betaines.
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkylamide sulfobetaine with a chemical structure R-CONH-L-N (CH ₃ ) _2- (CH ₂ ) _m- SO ₂ OX (where L is propylene in the formula). ) Can be represented by. A subclass of this classification is alkylbenzenedimethylammonium propanesulfonate obtained by quaternizing alkylbenzenedimethylamine with propanesulfone. Again, the propylene linking group L is substituted with, for example, a hydroxyl group (which provides a 2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate derivative) to provide amphoteric surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. Can bring.
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkylamino acid amphoteric surfactant that can be represented by the chemical structure R-NH-L-COOX (where R and L are as defined above). For example, R may be derived from coconut oil, L may be ethylene, and X may be sodium ion.
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant can be represented by an alkylbetaine amphoteric structure RN (CH ₃ ) _2- L-COOX (where R is an alkyl group and L is a linking group). It is a surfactant. Like the other amphoteric surfactants disclosed herein, the R group is not limited to the alkyl group and can be an aliphatic group, but in one embodiment R represents an alkyl group. As mentioned above, the linking group is, in one embodiment, a methylene group. However, the alkyl betaine also contains α- (N, N, N-trialkylammonium) alkanoates, and the structures R ^1- N (R ² ) (R ³ ) -C (R ⁴ ) H-COOX (in the formula, L) Is an alkyl-substituted methylene group). Various alternative and sometimes more specific names are used to label alkyl betaines, eg, N-alkyl-Ν, Ν-dimethylglycine; N-alkyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethyl. Ammonium betaine; alkyl-dimethylammonium acetate or alkyl-ammonium dimethylethaneate. The American Cosmetic Industry Association (CTFA) uses the alkylbetaine name for these products.
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkylimidazoline-induced amphoteric surfactant that can be represented by the chemical structure R-CONH-L-N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) CH ₂ COONa. In another embodiment, the alkylimidazoline-induced amphoteric tenside is a diacid that can be represented by the chemical structure R-CON (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) -L-N (CH ₂ COONa) ₂ . In any of these embodiments, the linking group L is optionally ethylene.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkyliminodioic acid amphoteric surfactant that can be represented by the chemical structure RN (CH ₂ CH ₂ COONa) ₂ . In an alternative embodiment, the alkyliminodioic acid amphoteric surfactant may be represented by the chemical structure RN (CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ COONa) ₂ or RN (CH ₂ COONa) ₂ .
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an alkylsulfobetaine amphoteric surfactant. The chemical structure of the alkylsulfobetaine may be represented by RN (CH ₃ ) _2- L-SO ₂ OX (also represented by -L-SO ₃ X), where R is alkyl in the formula. L is methylene. The following are examples of specific alkyl sulfobetaines that can be used in the practice of the present invention: capryl sulfobetaine, hexadecyl sulfobetaine, lauryl sulfobetaine, myristyl sulfobetaine, n-octyl sulfobetaine, palmityl sulfobetaine, Tetradecyl sulfobetaine.
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is alkyl sultaine, which is the preferred term for CTFA. Alkyl sultaine is a sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactant containing a propane sulfonate group, i.e., L-SO ₃ X (where L is propylene in the formula). Alkyl sultamine has a chemical structure RN (CH ₃ ) _2- CH ₂ CH ₂ CH _2- SO ₂ OX.
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is amide propyl betaine, which can be represented by the chemical structure R (C = O) -NH- (CH ₂ ) _3- N (CH ₃ ) _2- CH ₂ COOX. Amidopropyl betaines in this category can also be referred to as alkylamide propyl betaines because R can be an alkyl group. Alkylamide propyl betaine surfactants typically produce amidepropyldimethylamine intermediates by reacting fatty acids (eg fatty acids derived from natural oils such as coconut oil) with 3,3-dimethylaminopropylamine. It is then synthesized by reacting it with sodium monochloroacetate to give the corresponding betaine. Betaine surfactants are generally named after the source of the fatty acid used in their preparation, for example, coconut oil to cocamidopropyl betaine and isostearic acid to isostearamide propyl betaine. A number of alkylamide propyl betaine surfactants suitable for use in the present invention are commercially available in solid and solution forms and can be purchased from various suppliers.

The following are specific examples of amide propyl betaines that can be used in the practice of the present invention: almond amide propyl betaine, apricot amide propyl betaine, avocadoamide propyl betaine, babasamide propyl betaine, behenamide propyl betaine, canola amide propyl betaine. , Capril / Kapramidpropyl betaine (formed from a mixture of caprylic acid and capric acid), Coco / oleamide propyl betaine, Coco / sunflower amide propyl betaine (formed from a blend of coconut and sunflower seed oil), Cupuasamide propyl betaine (cupuas) (Formed from wood pulp), isostearamide propyl betaine, lauramide propyl betaine, meadowfoam amide propyl betaine (formed from meadow foam oil), milkamidopropyl betaine, mincamidopropyl betaine (formed from mink oil), myristamide Propyl betaine, autoamide propyl betaine (formed from crow wheat grain oil), oleamide propyl betaine, olive amide propyl betaine, palm amide propyl betaine (formed from palm oil), palmitamide propyl betaine, palm nucleus amide propyl betaine (palm) (Formed from nuclear oil), ricinol amide propyl betaine, sesamide propyl betaine, shea butter amidopropyl betaine (formed from butyrospermum parky (shear butter)), soybean amide propyl betaine, stearamid propyl betaine, tallowamide propyl betaine, undecyleneamide Propyl betaine, and wheat germ amide propyl betaine (formed from wheat germ).

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an amine oxide amphoteric surfactant that can be represented by the chemical structure RN (CH ₃ ) _2- O- (where R is a lipophilic group). A typical R group is a lipophilic alkyl group, wherein an amine oxide surfactant having an R alkyl group is generally known as an alkylamino oxide. Representative alkyl groups are capryl, caprin, laurin, myristic, palmitin, stearin, olein, linoleic, linolenic, and behen. Typical amine oxide amphoteric surfactants include cocamidopropylamine oxide and lauryldimethylamine oxide (also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide, Ν, Ν-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide, and DDAO), soybean amidpropyl. Amine oxides and myristamine oxides are mentioned. The nitrogen atom of the amine group can be attached to two methyl groups as shown above, but another method is to attach the nitrogen atom to two hydroxyethyl groups to form a structure RN (CH ₂ CH). ₂ OH) Can result in ₂₋ O−.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an amino acid amphoteric surfactant. This type of amphoteric surfactant exhibits a zwitterionic structure within a specific pH range, which range depends on the structure of the surfactant. A common example of this type of amphoteric surfactant is the amino acid of the structure R-NH-CH ₂ CH _2- COOH (where R is an aliphatic group). These are sometimes referred to more precisely as aliphatic amino acids, or, more precisely, aliphatic aminopropionates when in the corresponding carboxylate form. This structural variant is named aliphatic iminodipropionate if it has two carboxylic acid groups, i.e. structure RN (CH ₂ CH ₂ COOH) ₂ , and is in the corresponding carboxylate form. Will be done. Any of these classifications of amphoteric surfactants can be used in the compositions of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an amphoteric amphoteric surfactant that comprises a chemical structure-CH _2- CO ₂ X in addition to an aliphatic group and a chemical group that is positively charged under a suitable pH. .. These surfactants are sometimes referred to as amphoglycinates. In one embodiment, the amphoteric amphoteric surfactant may be represented by the chemical structure R (CO) NH-CH ₂ CH _2- N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) (CH ₂ CO ₂ X). R is an alkyl group, or R (CO) is an aliphatic acyl group derived from a fatty acid, for example, those found in coco palm oils that provide cocoamphoacetate. Such anhoacetate surfactants are prepared by reacting a compound of formula R (CO) NH-CH ₂ CH _2- NHCH ₂ CH ₂ OH with formaldehyde and cyanide, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,232,496. Can be prepared. Under suitable conditions, this anhoacetate can be reciprocally converted into the corresponding anhoacetate amphoteric surfactant containing an imidazolium group that provides a positively charged chemical group such as lauroanphoacetate (sodium salt).
The amphoteric amphoteric tenside contains two acetate groups rather than one, and has a chemical structure R (CO) NH-CH ₂ CH _2- N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₂ CO ₂ X) (CH ₂ CO ₂ ). It can result in an amphoteric surfactant having X). Typical amphoteric amphoteric surfactants include disodium cocoamphodium acetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, sodium dilauroamphoacetate, and sodium lauroamphoacetate.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant comprises an aliphatic group and a chemical group positively charged under a suitable pH, as well as a chemical structure-CH ₂ CH _2- CO ₂ X, an amphoteric amphoteric. It is a surfactant. Such amphoteric surfactants can be prepared from acrylic acid, as described in US Pat. No. 6,030,938. Typical anphopropionate amphoteric tensides are sodium salts of capriloanphopropionate, lauriminodipropionate, isostearyl amphopropionate and cocoaamphopropionate. The amphoteric amphoteric tenside contains two propionate groups rather than one and has a chemical structure R (CO) NH-CH ₂ CH _2- N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ CO ₂ X). It has (CH ₂ CH ₂ CO ₂ X). This subclass of amphodipropionate amphoteric tenside is known as anhodipropionate amphoteric tenside, and a typical anhodipropionate amphoteric tenside is a disodium salt of cocoamphodipropionate (N- (2-coco palm oil amidoethyl) -N- (2- (2-carboxyethyl) oxyethyl) -β-aminopropionic acid, also known as disodium salt) and capricroanhodipropionate.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a betaine surfactant. Betaine is both a positively charged (cationic) functional group without a hydrogen atom, such as a phosphonium or quaternary ammonium group, and a negatively charged (anionic) functional group, such as a carboxylate group or an oxyanion. It is a surfactant molecule incorporating. In betaine, the cationic and anionic groups are not adjacent to each other. Betaine surfactants, as referred to herein, meet the above definitions and also have a lipophilic moiety. In one embodiment, the cation is a quaternary amine. In one embodiment, the anion is carboxylate. In another embodiment, the anion is an oxyanion. In another embodiment, the anion is sulfate. In another embodiment, the anion is a sulfonate. In another embodiment, the anion is phosphate. Many commercially available betaines have dialkyl-substituted dimethylammonium groups. Despite the widespread use of this group in commercial amphoteric surfactants, amphoteric surfactants useful in the present disclosure do not necessarily have (although they may have) a dimethylammonium group. More generally, they have a dialkyl ammonium group, for example, the chemical structure ^{R 1 -N (R 2) (} R 3) results in a trialkylammonium alkanoates of -CH ₂ COOX. In other words, R ² and R ³ are not necessarily methyl. Some representative betaines are alkyldimethylbetaine with chemical structure RN (CH ₃ ) _2- CH _2- COOH, and structure R-CONH-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH _2- N (CH ₃ ) _2- CH ₂ -COOH alkylamide propyldimethylbetaine.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a chemical structure RN (CH ₃ ) _2- CH ₂ CH (OH) -SO ₃ X (in the formula, R is an aliphatic group, eg, a long chain alkyl group. ) Is a hydroxysultaine. Hydroxysultines are often named from sources of R groups, so hydroxysultines derived from coconut oil can be named cocamidopropyl hydroxysultamines (although coco hydroxysulfine). ) And also known as CAHS). Other typical hydroxysultaine amphoteric surfactants include lauramidopropyl hydroxysultaine, oleamidepropyl hydroxysultaine, tallowamidepropyl hydroxysultaine, ercamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, and lauryl hydroxysultaine. Be done.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an imidazoline derivative amphoteric surfactant and is sometimes referred to as an imidazolinium derivative. Representing the chemical structure of an imidazoline derivative amphoteric surfactant is complicated by the fact that imidazoline is characteristically hydrolyzed when exposed to water. Aliphatic imidazolines slowly hydrolyze when exposed to moisture to produce alkylamide amines. Therefore, the alkylamide amine amphoteric surfactants already described anywhere in the specification are examples of imidazolinium derivative amphoteric surfactants. In general, imidazolinium derivative amphoteric surfactants (sometimes also referred to as imidazoline amphoteric) are well known in the art as a category of surfactants. In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is an imidazoline derivative and optionally an aliphatic alkyl imidazoline. This type of amphoteric surfactant forms cations in acidic solutions, anions in alkaline solutions, and "zwitterions" in solutions in the medium pH range. The medium pH range is also called the isoelectric range, within which the imidazoline surfactant is the pH range with a neutral charge, which is specific to the compound and depends on the precise structure of the compound, the alkalinity of the nitrogen atom and Affects the acidity of the carboxyl group. Representative and suitable imidazoline-type amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, 2-cocoyl-2-imidazolinium hydroxide-1-carboxyethyloxydisodium.

The imidazolinium derivative amphoteric tenside can be prepared by the reaction of sodium chloroacetate with the corresponding 2-alkyl-1- (2-hydroxyethyl-) -2-imidazoline. This reaction product is generally attributed to the following chemical structure:

ここで、Ｒは疎水性基である。環状イミダゾリニウム誘導体を生成する反応は、容易に延長して、以下の構造を有する対応する開鎖分子をもたらすことができる：ＲＣＯ−ＮＨ−ＣＨ₂ＣＨ₂−Ｎ（ＣＨ₂ＣＨ₂ＯＨ）ＣＨ₂ＣＯＯ−（１当量のクロロ酢酸ナトリウムを用いた場合）及びＲＣＯ−ＮＨ−ＣＨ₂ＣＨ₂−Ｎ（ＣＨ₂ＣＨ₂ＯＨ）（ＣＨ₂ＣＯＯ−）₂（２当量のクロロ酢酸ナトリウムを用いた場合）。かかる開鎖構造は、多くの場合、イミダゾリン誘導体、又はアルキル（Ｒがアルキル基の場合）アミドアミノ酸（１当量のクロロ酢酸ナトリウムがその調製に使用された場合）と呼ばれる。

Here, R is a hydrophobic group. The reaction to produce a cyclic imidazolinium derivative can be easily extended to result in a corresponding open chain molecule with the following structure: RCO-NH-CH ₂ CH _2- N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) CH ₂ COO- (when 1 equivalent of sodium chloroacetate was used) and RCO-NH-CH ₂ CH _2- N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) (CH ₂ COO-) ₂ (when 2 equivalents of sodium chloroacetate were used) If). Such an open chain structure is often referred to as an imidazoline derivative, or alkyl (if R is an alkyl group) amide amino acid (if 1 equivalent of sodium chloroacetate is used in its preparation).

The commercially available amphoteric imidazolinium may have one or more of the above structures and is suitable for use in the present disclosure. The same term is used to refer to a cationic (as opposed to amphoteric) surfactant incorporating or prepared from imidazoline, eg, a cationic surfactant having the following structure, which is somewhat confusing and therefore imidazole. A little care should be taken when choosing a linium derivative:

従って、当業者はカチオン性の、いわゆるイミダゾリニウム界面活性剤と区別するために、時として両性イミダゾリニウム界面活性剤を明確に指すであろう。
Ｃ６〜Ｃ２２アルキル、例えばカプリル、カプリン、ラウリン、ミリスチン、パルミチン、ステアリン、オレイン、リノール、リノレン、及びベヘンから選択されるＲ基を有する好適な両性イミダゾリニウム誘導体の例。

Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art will sometimes explicitly refer to amphoteric imidazolinium surfactants to distinguish them from cationic, so-called imidazolinium surfactants.
Examples of suitable amphoteric imidazolinium derivatives having an R group selected from C6-C22 alkyls such as capryl, caprin, laurin, myristic, palmitin, stearin, olein, linole, linolenic, and behen.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a phosphinate betaine amphoteric surfactant. Phosphine betaine is similar to alkyl betaine and sulfobetaine, with the carboxy or sulfone group substituted with a phosphine group. Phosphinate betaine can be represented by the chemical structure RN (CH ₃ ) _2- LP (= O) (R) OX. L may be, for example, propylene.
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a phosphonate betaine amphoteric surfactant. Phosphonate betaines are similar to alkyl betaines and sulfobetaines, with carboxy or sulfone groups substituted with phosphonate groups. Phosphonatebeane can be represented by the chemical structure RN (CH ₃ ) _2- LP (= O) (OR) OX. L may be, for example, propylene.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a pyridinium alkanoate amphoteric surfactant, which can be represented by the following chemical structure:

式中、Ｒは脂肪族基、例えば、中鎖又は長鎖アルキルである。ピリジニウムアルカノエートはカルボン酸形態で例示されているが、好適なｐＨでは、カルボン酸（−ＣＯＯＨ）基はカルボキシラート（ＣＯＯＸ）基へと変換する。

In the formula, R is an aliphatic group, for example, a medium chain or long chain alkyl. Pyridinium alkanoates are exemplified in the carboxylic acid form, but at suitable pH, the carboxylic acid (-COOH) group is converted to a carboxylate (COOX) group.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a sulfate ion-containing amphoteric surfactant. Sulfate ion groups are readily added to aliphatic unsaturated amines such as oleylamines (l-amino-9,10-octadecenes) to the corresponding sulfate ion-containing amphoteric tensides (name 9- (10)-. Hydroxyoctadecylamine).
In one embodiment, amphoteric surfactants are sulfatoethyl betaines, also known as alkyl dimethyl ammonium alkyl sulfates, the chemical structure R-N (CH ₃₎ may be represented by ₂ -L-OSO ₃ X. Sulfatobetaine is an example of a sulfate ion-containing amphoteric tenside that also contains a betaine group.
In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactant. The chemical structure of the basic compound can be represented by RN (CH ₃ ) _2- L-SO ₂ OX (sometimes represented by -L-SO ₃ X). As commercially available, many sulfobetaines have L as propylene and such amphoteric surfactants can be used in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Sulfobetaine is an example of a sulfonic acid-containing amphoteric tenside that also contains a betaine group. Examples of betaine amphoteric surfactants in this category include ammonium alkane sulfonate and 2- (N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium) ethane sulfonate. Sulfobetaines also include trialkylammonium compounds, which are similar to alkylbetaines but in which the carboxyl group is substituted with an alkylsulfonate group. If R is a lipophilic alkyl group, this class of sulfobetaines may be referred to as alkyl sulfobetaines. Alkyl sulfobetaine surfactants are commonly named after the long-chain alkyl groups present in their structure. For example, if R has 12 carbon atoms in the straight chain, i.e. lauryl, the corresponding sulfobetaine is known as lauryl sulfobetaine.
There are numerous sulfobetaine surfactants that are variants of the classical structure described above. For example, the propylene ((CH ₂ ) ₃ ) group represented by "L" can be substituted with various functional groups such as halogen, hydroxyl, and mexi. The R group need not be a linear alkyl group and can be branched, alicyclic or even aroma hydrocarbons. In practice, the R group does not even have to be a hydrocarbon. First, the R group needs to be lipophilic, and numerous chemical structures provide this property. Sulfobetaine surfactants that are suitable for use in the present invention but do not fall within the classical structural above are N- (3-cocoamidepropyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N- (2-hydroxy). -3-Sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine and 3-[(3-chloroamide propyl) dimethylammonium] -1-propanesulfonate.

In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is a sulfonic acid-containing amphoteric surfactant. For example, amphoteric surfactants has the formula _{RNH-CH 2 CH 2 -SO 3} H ( wherein, R is an alkyl group) may be a N- alkyl taurine. In a related embodiment, R is an aliphatic group. Another sulfonic acid-containing amphoteric surfactant is R-CONH-CH ₂ CH _2- N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) by sulfonation of a linear amidoamine precursor to 1-hydroxyethyl 2-alkylimidazolin. It can be prepared by obtaining CH ₂ CH ₂ SO ₃ H (where R may be an aliphatic group, eg, an alkyl group).

Specific examples of the amphoteric surfactants that can be used in this composition and their classification are, but are not limited to, cocoamide propylamine oxide, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, and cocodimethylsulfopropyl. Betaine, disodium cocoamphonipropionate, laurylamine oxide, laurylamide propylbetaine; laurylbetaine, laurylhydroxylsulfobetaine, myristamine oxide, sodium cocoamphoacetate, and stearylbetaine. As mentioned above, these terms do not necessarily define a mutual exclusive group of surfactants, i.e., a particular amphoteric surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant as each defined in one of the selected terms. It may correspond to the range of two or more sets of.

Anionic Surfactants In one embodiment, the fluid compositions of the present disclosure include at least one, optionally one or more, anionic surfactants. Suitable representative anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl aryl sulphonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, N-alkyl sulphates. Cosinate (N-alkoylsarcosinate), acyl taurate, acyl acetylate, alkyl phosphate, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl ether carboxylate, α-olefin sulfonate, and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof, as well as ammonium and triethanol. Amine salts can be mentioned. Such alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates have 1-10 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule and, in some embodiments, 1-3 ethylene oxide units. For convenience, anionic surfactants may be referred to by reference to the anionic groups that form the charged portion of the surfactant. For example, anionic surfactants containing sulfonic acid groups may be referred to as sulfonated surfactants, or, if circumstances permit, more simply sulfonates. As a further example, anionic surfactants containing sulphate groups may be referred to as sulphate surfactants, or, if circumstances permit, more simply sulphate.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a carboxylic acid or carboxylate and has an anionic group-C (O) -O-in addition to the aliphatic group. The aliphatic group is represented by R in the present specification and may be an alkyl group, in which case the carboxylate may be referred to as an alkyl carboxylate. Typical alkyl carboxylates are sodium or potassium or ammonium salts of fatty acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid. Potassium oleate is a typical alkyl carboxylate. The aliphatic group can also be a polyalkylene oxide group that is not water soluble. Some carboxylate anionic surfactants are known as polyoxyethylene (8) octyl ether carboxylic acid when an alkyl alcohol such as octanol is reacted with ethylene oxide and the average number of ethylene oxide units per molecule is 8. Produces polyoxyethylene chain extension octanol.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is diphenyl oxide. Diphenyl oxide can also be considered as a subclass of sulfonate anionic surfactants because the aromatic ring of the diphenyl precursor is sulfonated to produce the diphenyl oxide anionic surfactant. The diphenol precursor is generally diphenyl ether, i.e. Ar—O—Ar, where one or both of the aromatic rings (Ar) may be substituted with an alkyl group. The diphenyloxide anionic surfactant has a chemical formula of XSO _3- Ar (R) -O-Ar (R) -SO ₃ X (in the formula, R is each position in the aromatic ring that is not sulfonated or bonded to ether oxygen. Can be represented by (hydrogen or alkyl). Typical diphenyl oxide anionic surfactants include disulfonated diphenyl oxides having alkyl substitutions, such as disulfonated diphenyl oxides having linear decyl substitutions, disulfonated diphenyl oxides having linear dodecyl substitutions, branched chain decyls. Included are disulfonated diphenyl oxides with substitutions, any of which can be neutralized with sodium, potassium or ammonium.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a phosphate ester, which may be a monophosphate ester of chemical structure ROP (O) (OH) ₂ , or chemical structure ROO-. It may be a phosphoric acid diester of P (O) (OH) -OR (in the formula, the two Rs in the diester may be the same or different). The R group is an aliphatic group, that is, a water-insoluble group. The R group may be an alkyl group, and the phosphate ester having R = alkyl is typically prepared from the corresponding alkyl alcohol. In one embodiment, the R group is a polyalkylene oxide group that provides a polyether phosphate of the formula R- (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _n -OP (O) (OH) ₂ . A common name conversion of the polyether phosphate gives the number of polyoxyethylene groups in the surfactant (eg, polyoxyethylene (10)). The R group in the polyether phosphate is an alkyl group (when the polyether phosphate is derived from an alkyl alcohol) and an aryl group (when the polyether phosphate is derived from an aromatic alcohol, for example phenol). , Or an alkylaryl group, eg, an alkyl-substituted phenol such as nonylphenol. Representative phosphoric acid esters, phosphoric acid esters of polyoxyethylene (10) nonyl phenol, phosphoric acid esters of polyoxyethylene (4) phenol, and C ₈ H ₁₇ phosphoric acid esters. Commercial formulations of phosphate esters often provide a mixture of phosphate monoesters and phosphate diesters, which can be used in the compositions of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is sarcosinate, i.e. chemical structure RC (O) -N (CH ₃ ) -CH _2- CO ₂ X (where R is an aliphatic group). It is a compound that has. Examples of sarcosinate surfactants include N-acyl groups, in which acyl-derived fatty acids are commonly used in the naming of sarcosinates. Representative sarcosineates include sodium lauroyl sarcosine, sodium cocoyl sarcosine, sodium myristoylate sarcosine, and ammonium ion equivalents.

In one embodiment, anionic surfactants, sulfate, i.e., in addition to the aliphatic group is a compound having an anionic -O-SO ₃ X group. The aliphatic group may be a long-chain alkyl group, and here, the alkyl group in the surfactant may be a branched chain or a straight chain. Aliphatic groups do not have to be alkyl groups, but alkyl groups are a readily available source of aliphatic groups for surfactants as they are generally available from a large number of vegetable and animal oils. Representative sulfate anionic surfactant, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, trideceth (rrideceth) sodium sulfate, C _{12 ~ 14-tert-} Examples thereof include sodium alkyl-ethoxylated sulfate, and poly (oxy-1,2-ethandyl) and α-sulfo-ω- (nonylphenoxy) ammonium salts.

In one embodiment, anionic surfactants, Suruhoasetato, i.e., in addition to the aliphatic group is a compound having an anionic -CH ₂ -SO ₃ X group. Common aliphatic groups have a structure ROC (O)-(in the formula, R is an alkyl group, eg, C _{8 to} C ₁₈ linear alkyl). Representative sulfoacetate anionic surfactants are ammonium salts of sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and cetyl sulfoacetic acid. Sulfoacetate can be prepared, for example, as described in US Pat. No. 5,616,782.

In one embodiment, anionic surfactants, sulfonate, i.e., in addition to the aliphatic group is a compound having an anionic -SO ₃ X group. The aliphatic group may be, for example, a long-chain alkyl group. The sulfonate can be considered to have the chemical structure R-SO ₃ X. In one embodiment, the R group is derived from a fatty acid and is a straight chain long chain alkyl group such as stearyl and oleyl. Long-chain olefins are often used as precursors of sulfonates because they can be double-bonded and converted to sulfonate groups. Such sulfonates are often named by the precursors used in the formation of sulfonates, for example, in C _14- C ₁₆ olefin sulfonates, C _14- C ₁₆ is a mixture of olefins having 14-16 carbons. , Indicates that it is a sulfonate for providing an anionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the R group is an alkylbenzene group, such as a dodecylbenzene group. The alkyl group, for example the dodecyl group, may be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group. Typical sulfonate anionic surfactants are linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and branched dodecylbenzene sulfonate. As usual, the anionic group can be neutralized with suitable cations such as sodium, potassium, ammonium and the like.

In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a sulfosuccinate, ie, a chemical structure based on sulfonated succinic acid, ie, an aliphatic group-OC (O) -CH _2- CH (sulfate). A compound having —C (O) —OR (which is an aliphatic group or hydrogen). Sulfosuccinate is generally a sodium salt of an alkyl ester of sulfosuccinic acid, which is a product sulfonated with sodium bisulfite (NaHSO ₃ ) after condensation of maleic anhydride and an aliphatic alcohol. As shown in the chemical structure above, sulfosuccinate has at least one aliphatic group and can have two aliphatic groups. However, if the sulfosuccinate has one aliphatic group, it may also have an anionic carboxylate group rather than a second aliphatic group. Typical sulfosuccinate anionic surfactants include sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (having two aliphatic groups) and disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (one aliphatic group, one sulfate group and 1). It has a carboxylate group and is also known as DLS).
Further specific examples of the anionic surfactant include, but are not limited to, ammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and sodium lauryl sarcosinate. , Sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium oleyl succinate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

In one embodiment, the fluid concentration and composition of the present disclosure contains a third surfactant selected from amphoteric and anionic surfactants. The third surfactant is non-identical with either the first (amphoteric) or second (anionic) surfactant, i.e. not the same. The amphoteric and anionic surfactants disclosed in the past are optionally a third surfactant, unless it (third surfactant) is the same as the first or second surfactant. Used in this formulation as. In one embodiment, the third surfactant is in a different classification than the first or second surfactant, i.e. the third surfactant is the first and second amphoteric or anionic surfactant. It has a functional group different from the functional group that provides the charged functional group present in the agent. For example, if the second surfactant is a sulfate anionic surfactant, the third surfactant is not sulfate, but instead, for example, a sulfonate anionic surfactant.

Amphoteric and / or anionic surfactants suitable for use in the present invention can be obtained from one or more of the following representative manufacturers and / or suppliers: Aceto Corp. (Allendale, NJ); Air Products (Allentown, PA); Akzo Nobel Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Chicago, IL); AIzo International (Sayreville, NJ); BASF Corp. (Florham Park, NJ); Clariant Corp. (Frankfurt, Germany); Croda, Inc. (Edison, NJ); Dow Chemical (Midland Ml); E.I. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. , Inc. (Wilmington, DE); Harcros Chemicals, Inc. (Kansas City, KS); Huntsman Corp. (St. Lake City, UT); Kaiser Industries Ltd. (Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India), Kao Corporation (Tokyo, Japan); Lonza, Inc. (Basel, Switzerland); NOF CORPORATION (Tokyo, Japan); Pilot Chemicals (Cincinnati, OH); Procter & Gamble (Cincinnati, OH); Solvay-Rhodia (Courbevoie, France); (Northfield, IL); and Universal PLC (London, England).

Optional Ingredients The following ingredients are optionally present in the compositions of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may explicitly exclude that each of the following ingredients is present in the compositions of the present disclosure. It also stipulates that.

The compositions of the present disclosure may include a rust inhibitor, which is sometimes referred to herein as an anticorrosive agent. A typical rust inhibitor is sodium nitrite. Other typical rust inhibitors are sodium benzoate, organoboron compounds, amines, aminophosphate compounds, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, and tall oil fatty acids. The rust inhibitor may be present in the composition in an amount less than 10% by weight of the composition used directly as a material processing fluid, for example a metal cutting fluid. In an optional embodiment, the amount is less than 9% by weight, less than 8% by weight, or less than 7% by weight, or less than 6% by weight, or less than 5% by weight, or less than 4% by weight, or 3% by weight. Less than, or less than 2% by mass, or less than 1% by mass, less than 0.5% by mass, or less than 0.1% by mass. The amount may be expressed as a minimum amount, for example, at least 500 ppm, or at least 1000 ppm, or at least 1500 ppm, or at least 2000 ppm, or at least 2500 ppm, or 0.5% by mass, or at least 1% by mass, or at least 1. 5% by mass, or at least 2% by mass, or at least 2.5% by mass, or at least 3% by mass, or at least 3.5% by mass, or at least 4% by mass, or at least 4.5% by mass, or at least 5% by mass. % Etc. Rust inhibitors are well known commercial materials.

The compositions of the present disclosure may contain colorants such as dyes or pigments. Colorants should be used in small amounts just enough to give a visible color when applied to materials that are to be cut or otherwise molded, such as metals. Colorants are well-known commercial materials.

The compositions of the present disclosure may include an antifoaming agent, which may also be referred to as a foam blocking agent. A suitable defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. Silicone defoamers are well known commercial materials. Dow Corning (Michigan, USA) sells such antifoaming agents. Another suitable antifoaming agent is tributyl phosphate.

The compositions of the present disclosure may include a thickener. As used herein, thickeners increase the viscosity of the composition when added or included in the aqueous fluid composition or concentrate thereof. The inclusion of thickeners results in, among other things, improved adhesion of the composition to the surface. This is especially advantageous when the surface is not horizontal and therefore the material processing composition tends to fall off the surface under gravity in the absence of thickeners. The thickener may be water soluble. Thickeners for aqueous compositions are well known in the art and are sometimes referred to as aqueous thickeners, and any of these thickeners can be used in the composition.

The amount of thickener contained in the composition depends on the exact identification information of the thickener and the desired viscosity for the material processing fluid composition in concentrated form. For cellulosic or polyamide thickeners selected to achieve viscosities close to whole milk or orange juice, increase if the composition is a concentrate with a total solid content of about 5-25%. Thickeners are typically present in 0.1% by weight based on the total mass of the composition. The viscosity of the concentrate can vary primarily with more or less thickeners. If a more viscous concentrate is desired, adding more thickeners will result in a more viscous composition. Alternatively, a more effective thickener, i.e., a thickener that achieves the same thickening at lower concentrations may be utilized.

In one aspect, the thickener may be a polyhydroxypolymer, eg, a polysaccharide such as cellulose or functionalized cellulose. When the thickener is a polysaccharide, the polysaccharide can have at least 50, or at least 100, or at least 150, or at least 200 sugar units per polymer chain. The number average molecular weight of the polysaccharide can be at least 13,000, or at least 17,000, or at least 21,000, or at least 25,000.
In one aspect, the thickener is a polyhydroxy small molecule such as glycerol. Polyhydroxy small molecules have a molecular weight of less than 500 g / mol and have at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
In one aspect, the thickener is cellulosic, which comprises a derivative of the cellulosic resin. A suitable cellulose is hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). HEC is a cellulose derivative in which the -CH ₂ OH group is converted to the -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH group and the -OH group is converted to the -OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH group. HEC is commercially available in a number of grades, each with a different molecular weight and degree of derivatization, resulting in different solution viscosities (typically measured at 2% solids in water). Suitable HECs are Dow Chemical (Midland, Ml) Cellosize ™ and Ashland Chemical (Covington, KY) Aqualon ™.
Other suitable cellulosic thickeners include methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and anionic (salt) forms such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, dihydroxypropyl ethers of cellulose (eg,). (See US Pat. No. 4,096,326).
Suitable non-cellulosic polyhydroxypolymers include corn starch or modified corn starch, potato starch or modified potato starch, and pectin or modified pectin.

The thickener may be polyacrylamide. Suitable polyacrylamide thickeners are copolymers of acrylamide and ammonium acrylate; copolymers of acrylamide or copolymers of methacrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium, such as chlorides; acrylamide and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane. Examples include copolymers of sulfonic acid. These copolymers can be prepared in the presence of a cross-linking agent, and typical cross-linking agents include divinylbenzene, tetraallyloxyethane, methylenebisacrylamide, diallyl ether, and sugar alcohols (eg, erythritol, pentaerythritol, arabitol, etc. Mannitol, sorbitol and glucose) polyallyl polyglyceryl ethers or allyl ethers. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2798053 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,923,692. Polyacrylamide may be ionic or may be neutralized with a neutralizing agent such as an amine such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, triethanolamine or monoethanolamine. Ionic polyacrylamide is obtained by copolymerizing acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate by a radical route using an azobisisobutyronitrile-type initiator, and precipitating from an alcohol such as tert-butanol. Can be prepared by The cross-linked copolymer of acrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl-ammonium chloride is obtained by copolymerizing acrylamide with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride and then cross-linking with a compound having olefin unsaturatedity such as methylenebisacrylamide. Can be obtained.

The thickener may be polyacrylic acid. Suitable polyacrylic acid thickeners are commercially available. For example, Lubrizol (Wickliffe, Ohio) sells Carbopol ™, a synthetic thickener made from polyacrylic acid. Polyacrylic acid may be neutralized to regulate thickening behavior. For example, polyacrylic acid can be neutralized with ammonium ions, for example using ammonium hydroxide. Ashland Chemical sells the Carbomer ™ series of crosslinked polyacrylic acids. Again, these polymers need to be neutralized to provide effective thickening behavior.

The thickener may be gum or a derivative thereof. Examples include locust bean gum and derivatives, guar gum and derivatives, and xanthan gum and derivatives. Typical gum derivatives include sulfonated gums such as sulfonated guar, hydroxypropyl-derived gums such as hydroxypropyl guar, cationic derivatives such as cationic guar.

The thickener may be a hydrophobic modified thickener. In one aspect, the thickener comprises a hydrophobic group such as a hydrophobic alkyl chain, and preferred examples of such thickeners include hydrophobic modified ethylene oxide urethane (HEUR) polymers, hydrophobic modified alkali soluble emulsion (HASE) polymers. , Hydrophobic modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC), and hydrophobic modified polyacrylamide (HMPA). The HEUR polymer is a linear reaction product of diisocyanate and polyethylene oxide terminally protected with hydrophobic hydrocarbon groups. HASE polymers are homopolymers of (meth) acrylic acid, or copolymers of maleic acid modified with (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid esters, or hydrophobic vinyl monomers. HMHEC refers to hydroxyethyl cellulose modified with hydrophobic alkyl chains. HMPA refers to a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylamide (N-alkylacrylamide) modified with a hydrophobic alkyl chain.

In one aspect, the fluid composition of the present disclosure comprises an inorganic salt of an organic acid or an inorganic acid. Suitable inorganic salts of organic acids include ammonium citrate, calcium acetate, copper acetate, copper citrate, magnesium citrate, melamine phosphate, nickel acetate, potassium acetate, potassium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, Examples include strontium acetate, urea phosphate, and zinc acetate.
The amount of inorganic components present in the composition can vary over a wide range. Based on the total mass of solids present in the composition, the inorganic components make up 1% to about 15% of the mass. In various embodiments, the inorganic components are at least 2%, or at least 3%, or at least 4%, or at least 5%, or at least 6%, or at least 7%, or at least the total mass of the solid components of the composition. 8%, or at least 9%, or at least 10%, or at least 11%, or at least 12%, or at least 13%, or at least 14%, or at least 15%. In various embodiments, the inorganic component accounts for 30% or less, or 25% or less, or 20% or less, or 15% or less, or 10% or less of the total mass of solids present in the composition. As described above, in one embodiment, the inorganic component is an inorganic salt.

In one aspect, the fluid composition of the present disclosure comprises a non-volatile organic solvent miscible with water. As used herein, a liquid non-volatile material or solvent has a boiling point higher than water, i.e. above 100 ° C. A typical organic solvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, also known as BUTYL CELLOSOLVE ™.

As mentioned above, the present disclosure provides a concentrate composition comprising water and a solid, wherein the solid is selected from a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants. The third surfactant is different from the first and second surfactants, including a third surfactant selected from an amphoteric surfactant and an anionic surfactant. Optionally, the third surfactant is a fluorosurfactant, but neither the first surfactant nor the second surfactant is a fluorosurfactant. The third surfactant may be a fluorinated or totally fluorinated anionic fluorosurfactant, while the second (anionic) surfactant of the concentrate is a non-fluorinated product. Alternatively, the third surfactant may be a fluorinated or fully fluorinated amphoteric surfactant, but the first (amphoteric) surfactant of the concentrate is a non-fluorinated product. The fluorinated surfactant has some CF bonds and may contain only CF bonds (in this case, the surfactant is totally fluorinated) and some C-F bonds. It may contain H-bonds (in this case, the surfactant is a hydrofluorocarbon-containing molecule).

In addition to the fluorinated amphoteric and anionic surfactants identified herein, DuPont (Wilmington, DE) is a representative fluorosurfactant that may be included in the concentrates or compositions of the present disclosure. ) From Captstone ™ fluorosurfactant and Forafac ™ fluorosurfactant. Other representative fluorosurfactants are US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0112908, US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/02555651, US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0232924, US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0091408, US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0168318, US Patent No. 8287752, US Pat. No. 8039677, US Pat. No. 7,977,426, and US Pat. No. 7989768. It is a surfactant disclosed in any of the specification.
However, in another embodiment, the third surfactant is not a fluorosurfactant. Fluorine-containing compounds should be used with caution as they can have undesired in vivo persistence and / or can decompose into hazardous substances. In one embodiment, the concentrates and compositions of the present invention do not contain fluorocarbons, while in another embodiment the concentrates and compositions of the present invention do not contain any halocarbons.

Formulation
The present disclosure provides material processing fluids, such as metal cutting fluids, in concentrated and diluted (ready-to-use) forms. Concentrated forms may be described with respect to the amount of various components, which are based on the total amount of surfactant present in the concentrate.
For example, the concentrate may contain 1-10 parts by mass of rust inhibitor per 1 part by mass of the surfactant (eg, per 1 g or 1 kg of surfactant). Therefore, if the concentrate contains 10 g of surfactant, the concentrate may also contain 10 to 100 g of rust inhibitor. Optionally, the concentrate contains at least 1, or at least 2, or at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5 parts by weight of rust inhibitor (relative to 1 part by weight of surfactant) and is 10% by weight. It may contain less than 9 parts by mass, less than 8 parts by mass, less than 7 parts by mass, less than 6 parts by mass, or less than 5 parts by mass. In a typical embodiment, the concentrate is 1-10, or 2-8, or 3-7, or 4-6 parts by mass of rust inhibitor per gram of the total surfactant present in the concentrate, eg. Contains sodium nitrite.

The concentrate may contain 0.1 to 0.5 parts of thickener for 1 part by mass of surfactant. Therefore, if the concentrate contains 10 g of surfactant, the concentrate may also contain 1-5 g of rust inhibitor. Optionally, the concentrate contains at least 0.1 or at least 0.2, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.4 parts by weight of thickener (1 part by weight of surfactant (s)). ), Less than 0.5 parts by mass, or less than 0.4 parts by mass, or less than 0.3 parts by mass of thickener may be contained. In a typical embodiment, the concentrate is 0.1 to 0.5, or 0.2 to 0.4 parts by mass, of a thickener per gram of the total surfactant present in the concentrate, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose. Contains.
The concentrate may contain 0.05 to 0.25 parts of an inorganic salt with respect to 1 part by mass of the surfactant. Thus, if the concentrate contains a total of 10 g of surfactant, the concentrate may also contain 0.5-2.5 g of inorganic salt. Optionally, the concentrate is at least 0.05, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.2 parts by weight of the inorganic salt (1 part by weight of the surfactant present in the concentrate). It may contain less than 0.25 parts by mass, less than 0.2 parts by mass, less than 0.15 parts by mass, or less than 0.1 parts by mass. In a typical embodiment, the concentrate contains 0.05 to 0.25, or 0.1 to 0.2 parts by mass of an inorganic salt such as calcium chloride.
The concentrate may contain 0.01 to 0.1 parts by mass of a non-volatile, water-soluble organic solvent with respect to 1 part by mass of the surfactant. Thus, if the concentrate contains a total of 10 g of organic solvent, the concentrate may also contain 0.1 to 1 g of organic solvent. Optionally, the concentrate is at least 0.01, or at least 0.02, or at least 0.03, or at least 0.04, or at least 0.05, or at least 0.06, or at least 0.07 parts by weight. (With respect to 1 part by mass of the surfactant (s) present in the concentrate), less than 0.1 part by mass, less than 0.09 part by mass, or 0.08 part by mass. It may contain less than, or less than 0.07 parts by mass, or less than 0.06 parts by mass, or less than 0.05 parts by mass. In a typical embodiment, the concentrate contains 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.02 to 0.9, or 0.03 to 0.8 parts by mass of an organic solvent, such as ethylene glycol butyl ether.
The concentrate may contain 0.2 to 1.0 parts of defoaming agent with respect to 1 part by mass of the surfactant. Thus, if the concentrate contains a total of 10 g of surfactant, the concentrate may also contain 2-10 g of antifoaming agent. Optionally, the concentrate is at least 0.2, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.4, or at least 0.5 parts by weight of defoamer (1 part by weight of surfactant present in the concentrate). (For (s)), less than 1.0 parts by mass, less than 0.9 parts by mass, less than 0.8 parts by mass, less than 0.7 parts by mass, or less than 0.6 parts by mass May contain antifoaming agents. In a typical embodiment, the concentrate contains 0.2-1.0, or 0.3-0.8, or 0.4-0.6 parts by mass of defoaming agent, such as silicone defoaming agent. ..

The concentrate also contains water. The amount of water can vary, but is typically in the range of 5-50% by weight of the concentrate. In other words, 100 g of concentrate contains 5-50 g of water. In an optional embodiment. The concentrate is at least 5% by weight, or at least 10% by weight, or at least 15% by weight, or at least 20% by weight, or at least 25% by weight water, but in other optional embodiments, the concentrate is Less than 50% by mass, or less than 45% by mass, or less than 40% by mass, or less than 35%, or less than 30% by mass is water.

The present disclosure also provides a diluted form of concentrate, which is readily available for material processing steps such as metal cutting operations. In an optional embodiment, the diluted concentrate is sufficiently diluted to have a water content of 75-99%. The concentrate in diluted form may be diluted by combining the concentrate with an equal volume of water (1x dilution), or 2x, or 3x, or 4x, or 5x, or 6x, or 7x or 8x, or 9x, or 10x, or 11x, or 12x, or 13x, or 14x, or 15x, or 16x, or 17x, or 18x, or 19x , Or by 20x dilution, and may be in the range specified by selecting any two of these values. For example, the diluted form is 5x to 15x, that is, by adding 5 to 15 times the volume of water to each volume of the concentrate, or by adding 5 to 15 times the mass of water to each mass of the concentrate. It may be prepared by addition.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising water and a solid, wherein the solid is at least one surfactant, eg, an amphoteric first surfactant, an anionic second surfactant. It comprises an agent and a third surfactant selected from amphoteric and anionic surfactants, the third surfactant being different from the first and second surfactants. In an optional embodiment: water constitutes 75-95% by weight of the composition; for example, water constitutes 75-80% by weight of the composition, or water constitutes 80-85% by weight of the composition. Or water makes up 85-90% by weight of the composition, or water makes up 95-95% by weight of the composition. In an optional embodiment: amphoteric tenside (s) make up 10-30% by weight of solid or 15-25% by mass of solid; for example, amphoteric tenside (s) is 10 of solid. The amphoteric tenside constitutes ~ 15% by mass, or the amphoteric tenside (s) constitutes 15-20% by mass of the solid, or the amphoteric tenside (s) constitutes 20-25% by mass of the solid. Alternatively, the amphoteric tenside agent (s) constitutes 25 to 30% by mass of the solid. In an optional embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant (s) make up 1-5% by weight of the composition. In an optional embodiment, the anionic surfactant (s) make up 45-85% by weight of the solid; for example, the anionic surfactant (s) make up 45-55% by mass of the solid. Consists or anionic surfactants (s) make up 55-65% by mass of solids, or anionic surfactants (s) make up 65-75% by mass of solids, or The anionic surfactant (s) make up 75-85% by weight of the solid. In an optional embodiment, the anionic surfactant (s) make up 5-25% by weight of the composition.

In a further optional embodiment, the amphoteric surfactant is one or more betaines selected from cocodimethylsulfopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine and cocamidopropyl betaine; the anionic surfactant is lauryl sulfosuccinic acid. Ammonium, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium oleyl succinate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, octyl sulfate One or more surfactants selected from sodium and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; the composition further comprises an inorganic salt, and optionally the inorganic salt constitutes 2-20% by weight of the solid; The composition further comprises a thickener, optionally making up 0.1-5% by weight of the solid.
As described above, the compositions of the present disclosure are amphoteric surfactants (and optionally one or more amphoteric surfactants) and anionic surfactants (and optionally one or more anionic surfactants). ) Can be included. In one aspect, one or more amphoteric surfactants (s) are included in the composition in a mass approximately equal to one or more anionic surfactants (s). In other embodiments, amphoteric surfactants (s) are contained in less mass than anionic surfactants (s) relative to the total mass of the composition and vary when measured again on a mass basis. In embodiments, the amphoteric surfactant (s) are at 1-50%, or 5-40%, or 10-30% or 15-25% of the total mass of the anionic and amphoteric surfactants. included.
When the composition contains two amphoteric surfactants or two anionic surfactants, the two surfactants do not necessarily exist in equal mass. In various embodiments, the composition comprises first and second anionic surfactants, the first surfactant being 1-50% of the total mass of the first and second surfactants. provide. In a further embodiment, the first surfactant is 1-40%, or 1-30%, or 1-20%, or 1-10% of the total mass of the first and second anionic surfactants. %, Or 1-5%. Similarly, in various embodiments, the composition comprises the first and second amphoteric surfactants, the first amphoteric surfactant being 1-50 of the total mass of the first and second amphoteric surfactants. In a further embodiment, the first amphoteric surfactant is 1-40%, or 1-30%, or 1-20% of the total mass of the first and second amphoteric surfactants. , Or 1-10%, or 1-5%.

In one embodiment, a mixture of two amphoteric surfactants is included in the material processing fluids of the present disclosure, such as metal cutting fluid compositions. For example, any mixture of the above amphoteric surfactants may be used. When two amphoteric surfactants are present in the composition, these two surfactants are present in relative amounts relative to the mass of each surfactant in the composition. For example, if the composition contains two amphoteric surfactants of equal mass, these two surfactants are present in a 1: 1 mass ratio. When the composition contains twice as much of the first surfactant as the second surfactant, these two surfactants are present in a mass ratio of 1: 2. The second surfactant exists within an acceptable mass range with respect to the mass of the first surfactant, and the range is "equal mass with the first surfactant" and "first. These two surfactants are present in a mass ratio of 1: (1-2) when they are between "twice the mass of the surfactant".
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the present disclosure includes two amphoteric surfactants in the composition. In various embodiments, these two amphoteric surfactants may be present in the following relative amounts: 1: 1; 1: (1-5); 1: (1-10); 1: (1-) 15); 1: (1-20); 1: (1-25); 1: (1-30); 1: (5-10); 1: (5-15); 1: (5-20) 1: (5 to 25); 1: (5 to 30); 1: (10 to 15); 1: (10 to 20); 1: (10 to 25); 1: (10 to 30); 1 : (15-20); 1: (15-25); 1: (15-30); 1: (20-25); and 1: (25-30).

In one embodiment, a mixture of two anionic surfactants is included in the material processing fluids of the present disclosure, such as metal cutting fluid compositions. For example, any mixture of the above anionic surfactants may be used. When two kinds of anionic surfactants are present in the composition, these two kinds of surfactants are present in a relative amount based on the mass of each surfactant in the composition. For example, if the composition contains two equal mass anionic surfactants, these two surfactants are present in a 1: 1 mass ratio. When the composition contains twice as much of the first surfactant as the second surfactant, these two surfactants are present in a mass ratio of 1: 2. The second surfactant exists within an acceptable mass range with respect to the mass of the first surfactant, and the range is "equal mass with the first surfactant" and "first. These two surfactants are present in a mass ratio of 1: (1-2) when they are between "twice the mass of the surfactant".
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the present disclosure includes two anionic surfactants in the composition. In various embodiments, these two anionic surfactants may be present in the following relative amounts: 1: 1; 1: (1-5); 1: (1-10); 1: ( 1 to 15); 1: (1 to 20); 1: (1 to 25); 1: (1 to 30); 1: (5 to 10); 1: (5 to 15); 1: (5 to 5) 20); 1: (5 to 25); 1: (5 to 30); 1: (10 to 15); 1: (10 to 20); 1: (10 to 25); 1: (10 to 30) 1: (15 to 20); 1: (15 to 25); 1: (15 to 30); 1: (20 to 25); and 1: (25 to 30).

In one embodiment, the present disclosure discloses 10-25% by weight of the first anionic surfactant, optionally a sulfonate surfactant such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, optionally 12-23% by weight or optionally. 15-20% by weight of the first anionic surfactant; 5-15% by weight of amphoteric surfactant, optionally a betaine surfactant such as cocamidopropyl betaine, optionally 7-13% by weight or Optional 7-11% by weight betaine surfactant; 1-10% by weight second anionic surfactant, optional sulphate surfactant such as sodium laureth sulphate or sodium dodecyl sulphate, optional 2 ~ 8% by weight or 3-7% by weight of second anionic surfactant; up to about 5% by weight organic solvent, optionally glycol ether such as ethylene glycol butyl ether, optionally 1-4% by weight or 2-3% by weight glycol ether; 2-15% by weight thickeners such as cellulose-based thickeners, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, optionally 4-12% by weight or 6-10% by weight thickeners; Provided are material processing fluids such as metal cutting fluid concentrate compositions containing up to about 10% by weight calcium chloride and optionally 2-7% by weight or 3-6% by weight calcium chloride. Optionally, the concentrate may contain a third anionic surfactant, such as sodium octyl sulphate, in an amount of up to about 5% by weight. Water will also be present in the concentrate. The total content of the water-insoluble components of the concentrate is about 25-75% by weight, or about 30-70% by weight, or about 35-55% by weight, or about 40-50% by weight (about 40-50% by weight). In the case of mass%, the water content is 50-40 mass%).

In one embodiment, the present disclosure discloses a first anionic surfactant at a concentration of 0.1 to 0.3% by weight (ie, 0.1 to 0.3 g of the first anionic surfactant in 100 g of the composition. Surfactant, i.e., 1000-3000 ppm of the first anionic surfactant), 0.01-0.10% by weight, a second anionic surfactant different from the first anionic surfactant Activator (ie 100-1000 ppm second anionic surfactant), 0.05-0.15 concentration amphoteric surfactant (ie 500-1500 ppm amphoteric surfactant) and 0.1- A composition comprising a rust inhibitor having a concentration of 0.3% by mass (that is, 1000 to 3000 ppm of the rust inhibitor) is provided. The composition is optionally a thickener having a concentration of 0.05 to 0.15% by mass (500 to 1500 ppm thickener) and / or an inorganic salt having a concentration of 0.01 to 0.1% by mass. (100-1000 ppm inorganic salt) and / or a non-volatile organic solvent having a concentration of 0.01-0.1 mass% (100-1000 ppm non-volatile organic solvent), and / or 0.05-0.2 mass. It also contains a% concentration defoaming agent (ie, 500-2000 ppm defoaming agent). In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, ie, a first anionic surfactant, a second anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a rust inhibitor, a thickener, an inorganic salt. , Contains each of a non-volatile organic solvent and a defoaming agent. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components: a first anionic surfactant that is a sulfonate-containing surfactant, a second anionic surfactant that is a sulfate-containing surfactant, and betaine. Contains each of an amphoteric surfactant which is a surfactant, a rust preventive, a thickener which is a cellulose-based thickener, an inorganic salt, a non-volatile organic solvent, and a defoaming agent. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, i.e., a first anionic surfactant that is a sulfonate-containing surfactant, a second anionic surfactant that is a sulfate-containing surfactant, and betaine. An amphoteric surfactant that is a contained surfactant, a rust preventive that is sodium nitrite, a thickener that is hydroxyethyl cellulose, an inorganic salt that is calcium chloride, a non-volatile organic solvent that is ethylene glycol butyl ether, and a silicone defoamer. Contains each of the antifoaming agents.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure discloses a first anionic surfactant at a concentration of about 0.2% by weight (ie, about 0.2 g of the first anionic surfactant in 100 g of the composition, ie. , About 2000 ppm of the first anionic surfactant), a second anionic surfactant at a concentration of about 0.05% by mass, which is different from the first anionic surfactant (ie, about 500 ppm of the first anionic surfactant). 2 anionic surfactants), about 0.09% by weight of amphoteric surfactants (ie, about 900 ppm of amphoteric surfactants), and about 0.2% by weight of rust preventives (ie, about 0.2% by weight). A composition containing about 2000 ppm of a rust preventive) is provided. The composition is optionally a thickener having a concentration of 0.05 to 0.15% by mass (500 to 1500 ppm thickener) or about 800 ppm thickener, and / or 0.01 to 0.1. Inorganic salt at a concentration of% by mass (100-1000 ppm inorganic salt) or about 400 ppm inorganic salt, and / or a non-volatile organic solvent at a concentration of 0.01-0.1 mass% (100-1000 ppm non-volatile organic solvent) ) Or about 200 ppm of a non-volatile organic solvent and / or an antifoaming agent at a concentration of 0.05 to 0.2% by mass (ie, 500 to 2000 ppm of an antifoaming agent) or about 1000 ppm of an antifoaming agent. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, ie, a first anionic surfactant, a second anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a rust inhibitor, a thickener, an inorganic salt. , Contains each of a non-volatile organic solvent and a defoaming agent. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components: a first anionic surfactant that is a sulfonate-containing surfactant, a second anionic surfactant that is a sulfate-containing surfactant, and betaine. Contains each of an amphoteric surfactant which is a surfactant, a rust preventive, a thickener which is a cellulose-based thickener, an inorganic salt, a non-volatile organic solvent, and a defoaming agent. In one embodiment, the composition comprises each of these components, i.e., a first anionic surfactant that is a sulfonate-containing surfactant, a second anionic surfactant that is a sulfate-containing surfactant, and betaine. An amphoteric surfactant that is a contained surfactant, a rust preventive that is sodium nitrite, a thickener that is hydroxyethyl cellulose, an inorganic salt that is calcium chloride, a non-volatile organic solvent that is ethylene glycol butyl ether, and a silicone defoamer. Contains each of the antifoaming agents.

The following are some further representative embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure, wherein the metal cutting composition and the metal cooling composition are used interchangeably:
1) A metal cutting composition containing water, a first surfactant, a thickener such as a cellulosic thickener, and a rust preventive.
2) A metal cutting composition containing water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt such as calcium chloride, and a rust preventive.
3) The metal cooling composition of Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
4) The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant containing a sulfonate group.
5) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
6) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, which comprises a second surfactant, wherein the second surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.
7) The composition according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, which comprises a second surfactant, wherein the second surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant containing a betaine group.
8) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, which comprises a second surfactant, wherein the second surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.
9) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, which comprises a third surfactant, wherein the third surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
10) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the third surfactant is an anionic surfactant containing a sulfate group.
11) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, which comprises a third surfactant, wherein the third surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate.
12) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the rust preventive is sodium nitrite.
13) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, which comprises a cellulosic thickener and the cellulosic thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose.
14) The composition of any one of embodiments 1-13, comprising an antifoaming agent.
15) The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, which comprises a defoaming agent and the defoaming agent is a silicone polymer.
16) The composition of any one of embodiments 1-15, comprising a first surfactant containing a sulfonic acid group and a second surfactant containing a sulfate group.
As discussed below, the present disclosure is a composition comprising any of embodiments 1-16 machined in an amount and time effective to dissipate heat from the metal being machined. Also provided are methods of machining metal, including application to pieces of metal. The machining process may be accomplished by cutting metal and may therefore be referred to as a cutting process. Machining processes include broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing. , Honing or grinding, these are examples of machining steps that can be used in the methods of the present disclosure.

The following are some further representative embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure. A composition comprising water, a first surfactant, a thickener, and a rust inhibitor. The first surfactant may be an anionic surfactant, for example, a sulfonate or sulfate-containing surfactant. Optionally, the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Optionally, the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate. The first surfactant may be an amphoteric surfactant, for example, a betaine-containing surfactant, for example, cocamidopropyl betaine, instead of an anionic surfactant. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, each of which is an anionic surfactant, eg, the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant and a sulfonate-containing surfactant. For example, sodium laureth sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other of which is an amphoteric surfactant, such as a sulfate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric. As a surfactant, the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant may be sodium laureth sulfate, and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant may be cocamidopropyl betaine. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other of which is an amphoteric surfactant, such as a sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric. As a surfactant, the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant may be sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant may be cocamidopropyl betaine. Optionally, the composition may comprise three surfactants, two of the three surfactants are non-identical anionic surfactants and one of the three surfactants. The agent is an amphoteric surfactant, and these three types of surfactants are optionally sulphate-containing surfactants, sulfonate-containing surfactants, and betaine-containing surfactants, such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and laureth. It may be sodium sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine. If present, the sulfonate-containing surfactant can be present at a concentration of about 1800 ppm, eg 1000-3000 ppm. If present, the sulfate-containing surfactant can be present at a concentration of about 500 ppm, for example 100-1000 ppm. If present, the amphoteric surfactant can be present at a concentration of about 900 ppm, for example 500-1500 ppm. The composition comprises an effective amount of the rust inhibitor described herein, and the rust inhibitor may be, for example, sodium nitrite. The concentration of the rust inhibitor may be about 100-5000 ppm, or about 1000-3000 ppm, or about 2000 ppm. The thickener is described herein and may be, for example, a cellulosic thickener such as hydroxyethyl cellulose. The concentration of the thickener in the composition may be about 100-2000 ppm, or about 500-1500 ppm, or about 800 ppm. The composition may optionally contain the antifoaming agent described herein, and in one embodiment. A typical defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. If present, the antifoaming agent can be present at a concentration of about 100-5000 ppm, or about 500-2000 ppm, or about 1000 ppm.

The following are some further representative embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure. A composition comprising water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt, and a rust inhibitor. The first surfactant may be an anionic surfactant, for example, a sulfonate or sulfate-containing surfactant. Optionally, the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Optionally, the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate. The first surfactant may be an amphoteric surfactant, for example, a betaine-containing surfactant, for example, cocamidopropyl betaine, instead of an anionic surfactant. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, each of which is an anionic surfactant, eg, the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant and a sulfonate-containing surfactant, eg. Sodium laureth sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other of which is an amphoteric surfactant, such as a sulfate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric. As a surfactant, the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant may be sodium laureth sulfate, and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant may be cocamidopropyl betaine. Optionally, the composition may comprise two surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other of which is an amphoteric surfactant, such as a sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric. As a surfactant, the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant may be sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant may be cocamidopropyl betaine. Optionally, the composition may comprise three surfactants, two of the three surfactants are non-identical anionic surfactants and one of the three surfactants. The agent is an amphoteric surfactant, and these three types of surfactants are optionally sulphate-containing surfactants, sulfonate-containing surfactants, and betaine-containing surfactants, such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and laureth. It may be sodium sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine. If present, the sulfonate-containing surfactant can be present at a concentration of about 1800 ppm, eg 1000-3000 ppm. If present, the sulfate-containing surfactant may be present at a concentration of about 500 ppm, eg 100-1000 ppm. If present, the amphoteric surfactant can be present at a concentration of about 900 ppm, for example 500-1500 ppm. The composition comprises an effective amount of the rust inhibitor described herein, and the rust inhibitor may be, for example, sodium nitrite. The concentration of the rust inhibitor may be about 100-5000 ppm, or about 1000-3000 ppm, or about 2000 ppm. The inorganic salt is described herein and may be, for example, calcium chloride. The concentration of the inorganic salt in the composition may be about 50-2000 ppm, or about 100-1000 ppm, or about 400 ppm. The composition may optionally contain the antifoaming agent described herein, and in one embodiment. A typical defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. If present, the antifoaming agent can be present at a concentration of about 100-5000 ppm, or about 500-2000 ppm, or about 1000 ppm.

Manufacturing Methods In one aspect, the disclosure provides methods of preparing material processing fluids identified herein, such as metal cutting fluid concentrate compositions and corresponding metal cutting fluid compositions. In general, concentrates are prepared by combining water with one or more surfactants selected from anionic and amphoteric surfactants, and any component. The composition is prepared by diluting this concentrate with water or aqueous solution.

In one embodiment, the concentrate is selected from a first surfactant, which is an amphoteric surfactant, a second surfactant, which is an anionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant and an anionic surfactant. It is prepared by combining a third surfactant, wherein the third surfactant is other than the first or second surfactant. The concentrate may optionally contain additional surfactants (s), i.e., fourth, fifth and the like surfactants. In addition, or otherwise, the concentrate may contain an active ingredient (s) other than the surfactant, such as an inorganic ingredient, an organic solvent and a thickener. The composition is water-based, in other words, the composition is an aqueous composition in that the carrier is predominantly water. The composition can be prepared by any of the following methods.

In one embodiment, a container of water is provided, which holds about 5-20 kg of water. This method can be scaled up or down to provide the desired amount of fluid concentrate. The initial amount of water is about 5-40%, or about 10-30%, of the total amount of water in the concentrate. The water may have an ambient temperature or a high temperature. High temperatures below the boiling point of water, i.e. less than 100 ° C, or less than 90 ° C, or less than 80 ° C, or less than 70 ° C may be used. High temperatures above ambient temperature, such as above 25 ° C, above 30 ° C, or above 40 ° C, or above 50 ° C, or above 60 ° C, or above 70 ° C, may be used.
Then one or more surfactants are added to the water. In one embodiment, amphoteric surfactants are added to the water, followed by sequential addition of the first and second anionic surfactants. In an alternative embodiment, the anionic surfactant is first added to the water, then the amphoteric surfactant is added, and then either the second anionic surfactant or the second amphoteric surfactant. Is added. In another embodiment, the first and second anionic surfactants are added sequentially, followed by the amphoteric surfactant.
After adding the surfactant to the water, the resulting mixture is agitated to give a homogeneous or near homogeneous state. The stirring may be performed gently or violently, but in either case, it is preferable to perform stirring so as not to generate an excessively large amount of bubbles. Foam typically results from the confinement of air in the mixture and tends to confine air if sufficient vortices are generated during the mixing process and / or if the stirrer repeatedly moves in and out of the mixture. There is. The greater the viscosity of the mixture, the greater the tendency for foam retention. These situations are preferably avoided in order to minimize the formation of bubbles. A stirring time of about 15-60 minutes may be used each time the detergent is added to ensure good mixing.

Depending on the presence or absence of insulation around the container in which the concentrate is prepared, the temperature of the mixture may decrease during the detergent addition and stirring steps. Alternatively, the temperature of the mixture can be maintained or nearly maintained at the initial temperature of the water, for example by maintaining gentle heating of the sides and / or bottom of the container holding the concentrate. Alternatively, or additionally, the heating coil may be positioned within the vessel to heat or endotherm the concentrate as needed.
As the surfactant is added to the water, the viscosity of the mixture tends to increase. An increased viscosity solution tends to trap air more easily than a low viscosity solution if all other factors are equal. Additional water may be added to the mixture after the addition of any of the first, second or third detergents to reduce the viscosity of the mixture. For example, an amount of water that is about 5-40%, or about 10-30% of the total amount of water in the concentrate, may be added to the mixture after the initial addition of the surfactant. Yet, or otherwise, an amount of water that is about 5-40%, or about 10-30%, of the total amount of water in the concentrate is added to the concentrate after the second addition of the surfactant. May be good.

After all the surfactants have been added and completely mixed with water, the optional ingredients (s) may be added to the resulting mixture. For example, an inorganic component (eg, an inorganic salt) may be added to the mixture and then stirred to completely dissolve the inorganic component. The optional component (s) may be added to the warm or hot mixture, or may be added to the mixture after cooling to room temperature. Since the concentrate is typically stored and used at room temperature, optional components that have a significant effect on the viscosity or flow properties of the mixture are typically added to the mixture at room temperature.

Surfactants and optional components may be added to water in undiluted form, i.e. without contact with the solvent, or in dilute form, i.e. with solvent, to provide a solution, paste, dispersion, etc. of the component. It may be added in contact. In one embodiment, the surfactant is added to the water in the order of its solids in water, with the richer components added first. In other words, if one surfactant is 50% solid and another surfactant is 25% solid, then after the 50% solid surfactant is added to the water, the 25% solid surfactant in this mixture. The agent is added.

The concentrate may be prepared in batch, continuous or semi-continuous manner. In the batch formula, the ingredients are sequentially added to the container of water until all the ingredients have been added, in which case a batch of concentrate is prepared. In a continuous system, water travels through a pipe or other conduit, and various components are added to the water at various points along the conduit. For example, a T-valve may be attached to the conduit and the components may be fed to the water or aqueous mixture through the T-valve. The conduit may also have either a static mixer or an in-line mixer in the conduit to facilitate the formation of the homogeneous mixture after the ingredients have been added to the water or aqueous mixture. For example, water and the first surfactant can be fed into a pipe and passed through a mixer. In general, static mixers are suitable if the surfactant is pre-dissolved in water. In other cases, in-line mixers are generally preferred. After that, a second surfactant is added downstream of the conduit of the mixer and subjected to the mixing step again. Finally, a third surfactant is added to the aqueous mixture and then mixed as needed to give an aqueous mixture containing the three surfactants. An additional optional component is then added to the conduit, for example through a T-valve, followed by proper agitation to produce the final concentrate.
Baffles may be placed in batch or continuous reactors to facilitate mixing of the various components and to minimize vortex formation and consequent foam formation. Suitable mixers, such as stirrers, impellers, static mixers, colloid mills, and homogenizers, are manufactured and sold by, for example, Chemineer (Dayton, Ohio) and Sulzer (Winterthur, Switzerland).
In an alternative embodiment of the continuous process, three T-valves are placed at the beginning of the conduit, after water has already been added to the conduit. The first, second and third surfactants are each delivered into the conduit through one of the three T-valves. In this way, all three surfactants are combined essentially at the same time, after which the resulting mixture passes through an in-line or static mixer in the conduit to give a homogeneous aqueous mixture. The optional ingredients are then added to the homogeneous aqueous mixture if desired to provide the final concentrate.
In either the continuous step or the batch step, the water and / or the aqueous mixture is heated to a temperature above the ambient temperature, eg, 50 ° C. to 90 ° C. Heating may be carried out by conventional methods known in the art. The high temperature can be maintained as needed to promote the formation of a homogeneous mixture due to the rapid mixing of the components.

Thus, in one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a continuous method for producing a material processing fluid, eg, a metal cutting fluid enrichment composition. The method comprises the step of preparing a continuous surfactant, the step of pouring water into the continuous reactor, one or more desired surfactants in the water in the continuous reactor, eg, a) a first anionic surfactant. , B) a second amphoteric surfactant, and c) a third surfactant selected from anionic and cationic surfactants (third surfactants are the first surfactants and It comprises the step of adding (different from the second surfactant); and the step of mixing the components a), b) and c) to provide a homogeneous mixture. Optionally, the continuous reactor is maintained at a temperature above 50 ° C. Also optionally, a mixer selected from an in-line mixer and a static mixer exists in the continuous reactor.

Methods of Use The present disclosure provides working fluids, eg, fluids useful for metal cutting, which can be used in the process of material machining, eg metal cutting. In one embodiment, the fluid concentrates of the present disclosure are diluted with water to provide compositions that can be applied to tools involved in material processing, such as metal cutting fluid compositions that are applied directly to metals. The concentrate has a solid level or solid content measured by dividing the total mass of non-aqueous components in the concentrate by the total mass of the concentrate. When water is combined with a concentrate to form a metal cutting fluid composition, the metal cutting fluid composition also has a solid level or solid content, which is higher than the solid level or solid content of the concentrate. It gets lower. In various embodiments, the composition is 0.1%, or 0.5%, or 1%, or 1.5%, or 2%, or 2.5% relative to the total mass of the composition. , Or 3%, or 3.5%, or 4%, or 4.5%, or 5%, or 5.5%, or 6%, or 6.5%, or 7%, or 7.5%. , Or 8%, or 8.5%, or 9%, or 9.5%, or 10%, or 10.5%, or 11%, or 11.5%, or 12%, or 12.5%. , Or 13%, or 13.5%, or 14%, or 14.5%, or 15%, or 15.5%, or 16%, or 16.5%, or 17%, or 17.5%. , Or 18%, or 18.5%, or 19%, or 20% solid mass%, or concentrations within the range specified by either two of the above solid% values, eg, 0.5% to. It is produced by combining sufficient water with the concentrate to result in a metal cutting fluid composition with a concentration of 4%.

In one aspect, the preparer is provided with a metal cutting fluid concentrate in storage that is readily available when needed for metal cutting and has access to a method of combining the concentrate with water to produce a metal cutting fluid composition. Has. Optionally, the metal cutting fluid concentrate disclosed herein may be diluted with water to prepare a metal cutting fluid composition.

For maintenance of cutting fluid, check the concentration of soluble oil emulsion (using a refractometer), pH (using a pH meter), the amount of trump oil (leakage of hydraulic oil into the cutting fluid system), and the amount of particles in the fluid. Accompanied by. Measures taken to conserve the fluid include the addition of replenishing concentrates or water, skimming of Trump oil, the addition of biocides to prevent bacterial growth and filtration of particulates by centrifugation.
The cutting fluid in the coolant system deteriorates over time due to bacterial growth and contamination with trump oil and fine metal debris from machining operations. If it is uneconomical to conserve the fluid through regular replenishment operations, the fluid is discarded. The fluid must be treated to a safe disposal level before it flows into the sewage system.

Some metals are difficult to machine. Stainless steel, hard-to-cut materials and hard-hardening metals require very high levels of performance cutting fluids. Other metals such as brass and aluminum can be easily machined with general purpose oils. When using tough, low-machinability metals, it is advantageous to use additive-rich cutting oils with excellent extreme pressure (EP) and welding resistance. In most cases, these oils contain active sulfur and chlorine to protect the tool and ensure good part finish. In one embodiment, the cutting fluid of the present invention comprises active sulfur and / or chlorine.

For brass, aluminum, many carbon steels and low alloy steels, lubricating additives, friction modifiers and cutting oils with moderate EP / weld resistance are sufficient. These oils are generally compounded with fat sulfide (inert) and / or chlorinated paraffin. Active cutting oils (containing active sulfur) should not be used on brass and aluminum as they will rust or discolor the finished part. The oils formulated for brass and aluminum are often referred to as "non-staining" oils. In one embodiment, the cutting fluid of the present invention includes one or more lubricating additives, friction modifiers, fat sulfide (inert) and chlorinated paraffins.
Easy machining operations (turning, forming, drilling, milling, etc.) are performed at higher speeds and may require moderate EP capacity and high levels of cooling. A fluid with a lower viscosity and less additives can be used for more lenient operations. Difficult machining operations must be performed at lower speeds and require a large amount of weld protection. Oils specifically designed for the most difficult operations, such as threading or broaching, are generally highly viscous and have EP additives such as active sulfur and chlorine added.
The type of machinery also determines some of the cutting oil properties. For example, threading machines cause severe cross-contamination between lubricating and cutting fluids. For this reason, these machines operate on two- or three-function oils that can be used in lubricant boxes, hydraulic oils and cutting oil reservoirs.
Grinders, gun drills and deep hole drilling machines require lower viscosity oils for high speed cooling, excellent chip and chip cleaning, tool-passing supply and high pressure application without foaming. CNC OEMs may impose restrictions on cutting oils due to potential incompatibility between cutting fluids and mechanical elements (such as encapsulants). Centerless grinders require a tougher fluid than surface grinders.

In general, the compositions of the present disclosure can be applied during the material processing process in ready-to-use form. As used herein, material processing (sometimes referred to as machining) is the process used to bring a tool into contact with a material by any suitable method to modify the shape or surface of the material. Heat is generated at the point of contact between the material and the tool. Examples include cutting the material with a blade, drilling the material with a drill bit, and removing the surface layer of the material with a lathe. Another example of material processing is forging. The composition may be applied to the material being machined and / or the tool in contact with the material being machined. Examples of application steps include dipping, spraying, dropping, misting and brushing the composition on the machined part and / or on the associated tool in contact with the machined part. The material being processed may be, for example, metal, stone or plastic. After application, the composition keeps the tool / material interface at a relatively low temperature to avoid damage (eg, warpage) to each of the material being machined and the tool being machined. The composition may also provide lubrication properties.
For example, if the machining fluid is a metal cutting fluid, the fluid provides cooling and lubrication properties as needed for metalwork machining processes such as machining and forging. Metal cutting generates heat due to friction, which can deform the material. Since the coolant acts to remove heat from the machinery and materials, it can speed up the cutting process and increase the productivity of the machine. In addition to cooling, the cutting fluid also assists in the cutting process by lubricating the interface between the cutting edge of the tool and the chips. By preventing friction at this interface, some of the heat generation is prevented. This lubrication prevents chips from being welded onto the tool. Welding interferes with subsequent cutting. Most metalwork and machining processes benefit from the use of cutting fluids depending on the workpiece material.

The compositions of the present disclosure provide one or more of the following benefits in material machining: keeping the workpiece at a stable temperature (which is extremely important when machining precision-tolerant workpieces); lubricating the cutting edge. Maximize the life of cutting tool tips by reducing top welding: ensuring the safety of handling people (toxicity, bacteria, and fungi) and environmental safety at the time of disposal; of mechanical parts and cutters Prevent rust.
Some of the processing equipment comes into contact with the workpiece being processed. For example, the processing equipment may have blades that cut the material during processing. The blade may be metal, such as stainless steel, or may be studded with diamonds. Alternatively, the machining apparatus may be a turning tool such as a lathe, a drill, or a polishing or sanding apparatus.
As such, the present disclosure provides a method of supplying a working fluid, such as a metal cooling composition, as described herein. In one embodiment, the present disclosure is a step of providing the processed composition of the present disclosure, a step of applying the composition to one or both of the material being processed and the tool used, and the composition of the present disclosure. Includes the step of machining the material in the presence. The method imparts cooling and temperature control at the interface where the tool contacts the work material and / or provides lubrication at that interface.

For example, the present disclosure provides methods for processing solid materials such as metals, stones, plastics, etc., which methods include the compositions of the present disclosure, such as water, first surfactants, thickeners, and rust preventives. The step of preparing the composition containing the agent; the step of applying the composition onto the material being processed and / or the tool being processed, eg, by brushing, spraying, or injecting the composition. Includes the step of moving to the tool / material interface during the machining process; as well as the step of machining the material with the tool in the presence of the composition.
As another example, the disclosure provides a method of processing solid materials such as metals, stones, plastics, etc., the method comprising the compositions of the present disclosure, such as water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt, and. The step of preparing a composition containing a rust inhibitor; the step of applying the composition onto the material being processed and / or the tool being processed, eg, by brushing, spraying, or injecting. The composition includes a step of moving to a tool / material interface during the machining process; as well as a step of machining the material with a tool in the presence of the composition.
The stone may be, for example, granite, limestone, marble, sandstone, slate, basalt, travertine or quartzite. Other stones can also be processed using the compositions of the present disclosure.
The plastic may be, for example, a pure polymer such as polypropylene and polyethylene, or a composite of polymer and stone, for example a plastic composite such as CORIAN ™. The plastic may be a silicon chip or other silicon product, such as a silicon wafer or other silicon used in the semiconductor industry.

The compositions and methods of use thereof of the present disclosure achieve one or both of the following: a) reduce the heat generated on the cutting surface and improve the quality of the product (eg, less burrs, more). Smooth cutting, less deformation (for plastics); and b) Extend the life of the processing equipment. In one embodiment, the compositions of the present disclosure contain little or no oil, and their use eliminates the problem of disposal of toxic oily waste associated with alternative working fluids.

The following examples are provided to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure and should not be considered as restrictions on the present disclosure.

In the following examples, the labeled commercial products may not have or have been neutralized with the labeled solids when used in the examples. In such cases, the commercial product may be diluted with water to the indicated solid content and / or, if necessary, neutralized with an acid or base to give the indicated neutralized form. Thickeners are added to provide a final viscosity that is approximately the same as the viscosity of whole milk or orange juice.

[Example 1]
The following components were sequentially added to about 10 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes by a method that minimizes foaming: a first anionic surfactant solution. (Approximately 9 kg, after neutralization with a branched chain sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate having a solid content of about 60% in water, for example, SULFONIC 100 of Stepan Company, sodium hydroxide), an amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 4.5 kg, solid content in water). Approximately 35% cocamidopropyl betaine, eg, Stepan Company's AMPHOSOL CA), warm water (approximately 9 kg), a second anionic surfactant solution (approximately 11 kg, sodium lauryl ether sulfate with a solid content of approximately 3% in water, eg. , Pilot Chemical Co. CALFOAM ES-703), and an inorganic salt solution (about 2 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride is in both solid and solution forms, eg, OxyChem (Ludington, MI)). Available from). The resulting mixture was naturally cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then AQUALON of a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg Ashland Chemicals (Covington, KY)). ) Is added. A desired amount of rust inhibitor is added to this mixture, and one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are optionally further added to obtain the final metal cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 2]
The following components were sequentially added to about 10 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foaming: first anionic surfactant solution. (Approximately 9 kg, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate with solid content in water of approximately 53%, CALSOFT T60 (Pilot Chemical)), amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 4.5 kg, sodium coamphoacetate with solid content in water of approximately 35%, APPH) ITOL 20Y-B (Kao Co., Ltd.)), warm water (about 6.5 kg), a second anionic surfactant solution (about 14 kg, sodium lauryl ether sulfate with a solid content of about 7% in water, EMAL AD-25R (Kao) Co., Ltd.), and an inorganic salt solution (about 2 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride can be obtained in both solid and solution forms, for example from OxyChem (Ludington, MI)). The resulting mixture is allowed to cool to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg, Dow Chemical WALOCEL CRT) is added. .. A desired amount of rust inhibitor is added to this mixture, and one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are optionally further added to obtain the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 3]
The following components were sequentially added to about 8 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foaming: a first anionic surfactant solution. (Approximately 8.5 kg, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate having a solid content in water of approximately 53%, LATHANOL LAL flake (Stepan Co.), an amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 6.3 kg, lauryl hydroxysultaine having a solid content in water of approximately 30%). AMPHITOR 20HD (Kao Co., Ltd.), warm water (about 6.5 kg), second anionic surfactant solution (about 14 kg, solid content in water about 7% sodium octylphenol ethoxylated sulfate, POE-3, POLY-STEP C) -OP3S (Stepan Co.)) and inorganic salt solutions (about 2 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride are available in both solid and solution forms, for example from OxyChem (Ludgington, MI). ). The resulting mixture was naturally cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg, Ashland Chemicals (Covington, KY)). AQUALON) is added. To this mixture, a desired amount of rust preventive is added, and optionally one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are further added to obtain the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 4]
The following components were sequentially added to about 8.5 kgg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foaming: first anionic surfactant. Agent solution (about 9 kg, polyoxyethylene (10) nonylphenol phosphate with about 53% solid content in water, FOSFODET 9Q / 22 (Kao Co., Ltd.)), amphoteric surfactant solution (about 5.3 kg, solid content in water about 35%) Cocoamphonipropionate disodium, CRODATERIC CADP 38 (Croda)), warm water (about 6 kg), second anionic surfactant solution (about 14 kg, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate with a solid content of about 7% in water, STEPWET DOS- 70 (Stepan Co.)), and inorganic salt solutions (about 3.3 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride are available in both solid and solution forms, eg, from OxyChem (Ludgington, MI). it can). The resulting mixture is allowed to cool to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg, Dow Chemical WALOCEL CRT) is added. .. A desired amount of rust inhibitor is added to this mixture, and one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are optionally further added to obtain the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 5]
The following components were sequentially added to about 15 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foaming: a first anionic surfactant solution. (Approximately 5 kg, polyoxyethylene (8) octyl ether carboxylic acid with a solid content in water of approximately 53%, AKYPO LF2 (Kao Co., Ltd.)), amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 8.3 kg, coca with a solid content in water of approximately 30%) Midpropylamine oxide, CALOXAM IN E CPO (Pilot Chemical), warm water (about 14 kg), second anionic surfactant solution (about 7.5 kg, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate with a solid content of about 20% in water, MAPROSYL 30) -B (Stepan Co.)) and inorganic salt solutions (about 3.3 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride are in both solid and solution forms, for example from OxyChem (Ludgington, MI). Available). The resulting mixture was naturally cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then AQUALON of a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg Ashland Chemicals (Covington, KY)). ) Is added. A desired amount of rust inhibitor is added to this mixture, and one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are optionally further added to obtain the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 6]
The following components were sequentially added to about 14 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foaming: a first anionic surfactant solution. (Approximately 5.6 kg, potassium oleate having a solid content in water of 50%, ICTEOL K-50 (Kao Co., Ltd.)), amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 8.3 kg, cocamidopropyl betaine having a solid content in water of approximately 30%) CALTAINE C-35 (Pilot Chemical), warm water (about 15 kg), a second anionic surfactant solution (about 6 kg, disulfonated diphenyl oxide with a linear decyl substitution of about 20% solids in water, DOWNFAX C10L (Dow) Chemical)), and an inorganic salt solution (about 3.3 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride can be obtained in both solid and solution forms, eg, from OxyChem (Ludgington, MI)). The resulting mixture is allowed to air cool to ambient temperature (about 8 hours), then a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg, Dow Chemical's WALOCEL CRT) is added. A desired amount of rust preventive is added to this mixture, and one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are optionally further added to obtain the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 7]
The following components were sequentially added to about 15 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foaming: a first anionic surfactant solution. (Approximately 5 kg, isopropylamineddecylbenzene sulfonate with a solid content in water of approximately 50%, NINATE 411 (Stepan Co.)), an amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 10 kg, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine having a solid content in water of approximately 30%). AMPHOSOL CS-50 (Stepan), warm water (about 15 kg), a second anionic surfactant solution (about 5 kg, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate with a solid content of about 30% in water, MELIOSOL 50X (Kao Co., Ltd.), and inorganic A salt solution (about 3.3 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride is available in both solid and solution forms, eg, from OxyChem (Ludington, MI)). Allow to air cool to temperature (about 8 hours), then add a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg, AQUALON of Ashland Chemicals (Covington, KY)). A desired amount of rust preventive is added to the mixture, and one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are optionally further added to obtain the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 8]
The following components were sequentially added to about 20 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes in a manner that minimizes foaming: a first anionic surfactant solution. (Approx. Propyl betaine, AMPHITOR 20AB (Kao Co., Ltd.), warm water (about 12 kg), second anionic surfactant solution (about 4 kg, solid content in water about 20%, sodium C14 to C16 olefin sulfonate, ALFANOX 46 (Kao stock (Company), and inorganic salt solutions (about 1.7 kg, about 30% solids in water, calcium chloride, calcium chloride can be obtained in both solid and solution forms, eg, from OxyChem (Ludington, MI)). The mixture is naturally cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours), and then a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose having a solid content of about 1.5% in water, for example, Dow Chemical's WALOCEL CRT) is added. A desired amount of rust preventive is added to the mixture, and optionally one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are further added to give the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 9]
The following components were sequentially added to about 10 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes by a method that minimizes foaming: a first anionic surfactant solution. (Approximately 9 kg, sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate having a solid content of about 60% in water, for example, CALSOFT F90 (Pilot Chemical)), amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 4.5 kg, cocamidopropyl having a solid content in water of about 35%) Betaine, eg, Stepan Company's AMPHOSOL CA), warm water (about 9 kg), a second anionic surfactant solution (about 11 kg, about 3% solids in water, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, eg, CALFOAM from Pilot Chemical Co. ES-703), and inorganic salt solutions (about 2 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride can be obtained in both solid and solution forms, for example from OxyChem (Ludgington, MI)). The resulting mixture was naturally cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then AQUALON of a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg Ashland Chemicals (Covington, KY)). ) Is added. A desired amount of rust inhibitor is added to this mixture, and one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are optionally further added to obtain the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 10]
The following components were sequentially added to about 10 kg of warm water (about 75 ° C.), and after each component was added, the mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes by a method that minimizes foaming: a first anionic surfactant solution. (Approximately 9 kg, sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate having a solid content of about 60% in water, for example, CALSOFT F90 (Pilot Chemical)), amphoteric surfactant solution (approximately 4.5 kg, cocamidopropyl having a solid content in water of about 35%). Betain, for example, Stepan Chemistry's AMPHOSOL CA), warm water in which ethylene glycol butyl ether is dissolved (about 9 kg of water and about 1 kg of ether), a second anionic surfactant solution (about 11 kg, solid content in water of about 3%). Laures sodium sulfate, eg, CALFOAM ES-703 from Pilot Chemical Co., and an inorganic salt solution (about 2 kg, calcium chloride with a solid content of about 30% in water, calcium chloride are in both solid and solution forms, eg, Available from OxyChem (Ludington, MI)). The resulting mixture was naturally cooled to ambient temperature (about 8 hours) and then AQUALON of a thickener (about 4 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a solid content of about 1.5% in water, eg Ashland Chemicals (Covington, KY)). ) Is added. A desired amount of rust inhibitor is added to this mixture, and one or both of the defoaming agent and the colorant are optionally further added to obtain the final cutting fluid concentrate.

[Example 11]
The present disclosure provides a cutting fluid with a high solid content (also referred to as a high solid concentration), which is called a concentrate (or cutting fluid concentrate) and is diluted with water before use in machining or fabrication operations. Can be done. Table 1 identifies the metal being machined and the various machining operations characterized by the processes applied to that metal. The process is typical of processes used for metal work processing such as broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing, and grinding. Each of these steps benefits from applying the cutting fluid to the metal during the metalworking or machining process, in which the desired amount of cutting fluid is applied to the process as well as the specific process. It also depends on the characteristics of the metal provided. In addition to identifying the various processes, Table 1 shows eight common metals: aluminum (Al) alloys, brass, cast iron (also known as cast iron), bronze, low carbon steel, stainless steel, alloys. It identifies steel and titanium (Ti) alloys. For each selected step and metal, Table 1 shows the number of copies of water that can be added to one portion of the cutting fluid concentrate of the present disclosure to prepare an effective cutting fluid. For example, bronze can be broached with a cutting fluid prepared from 10 parts of water and 1 part of the cutting fluid concentrate of the present disclosure. In another embodiment, the titanium alloy can be turned with a cutting fluid prepared by combining any of 5-10 parts of water per part of the cutting fluid concentrate of the present disclosure.

Table 1 is based on the dilution of the concentrates of the present disclosure with water. For example, if the desired operation is broaching with bronze, it is recommended to dilute the concentrate of the present disclosure with 10 to 15 parts of water.
For example, 18% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 9% by weight cocamidopropyl betaine, 8% by weight hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5% by weight sodium laureth sulfate, 4% by weight calcium chloride, 2% by weight ethylene glycol butyl ether. And when utilizing a concentrate with 54% by weight water, this is diluted 10-fold with water. The rust inhibitor is added at 1.5 x concentrate / 10000 ppm based on a mixing ratio of 1: 150. The defoamer is added at 0.15 x concentrate / 1000 ppm based on a mixing ratio of 1: 150. The colorant is added at a mixing ratio of 1: 150 at 0.0000095 x concentrate (liter) / 10 ppm. The rust inhibitor is based on 1% of the complete dilution of the concentrate (1: 150 mixing ratio). The defoamer is based on 0.01% of the complete dilution of the concentrate (1: 150 mixing ratio). The antimicrobial agent may be added optionally.

The effectiveness of the metal cutting fluid concentrate and the compositions of the present disclosure can be assessed by one or more test methods that show the effect of the composition during the metal cutting operation.
For example, a vibration test was performed to compare the cutting fluid composition of Example 11 with a commercially available emulsifying oil. The cutting was performed during the milling operation at 250 mm / min with a blade motion of 3,000 rpm. The vibration in the x-axis direction was measured to be 0.05682824 in the metal cutting fluid of Example 11 with respect to 0.08179268 of the commercially available emulsifying oil, and the vibration amplitude was reduced by 30.5%. The vibration in the y-axis direction was measured to be 0.04203185 in the metal cutting fluid of Example 11 with respect to 0.073228386 of the same commercially available emulsifying oil, and the vibration amplitude was reduced by 39.9%. The vibration in the z-axis direction was measured to be 0.0593323387 in the metal cutting fluid of Example 11 with respect to 0.0778519114 of the same commercially available emulsifying oil, and the vibration amplitude decreased by 23.8.
As a result of performing a roughness test using a milling operation of medium carbon steel, the commercially available emulsified oil had a roughness as an average R _max (μm) of 4.972, whereas the metal cutting of Example 11 The fluid had a R _max (μm) of 3.913. Therefore, the metal cutting fluid of the present disclosure has resulted in a 21.3% reduction in the roughness of the cut part as compared with a commercially available emulsified oil.

[Example 12]
As shown in Table 1, 5- to 15-fold dilutions of the material processing concentrates of the present disclosure are preferably used for a wide variety of metals and other machining operations. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition obtained from a 5- to 15-fold dilution of the concentrate of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition obtained from a 5-fold dilution of the concentrate of the present disclosure. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition obtained from a 15-fold dilution of the concentrate of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition obtained from a 10-fold dilution of the concentrate of the present disclosure. The composition consisted of 0.2% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 0.05% by weight sodium laureth sulfate, 0.09% by weight cocamidopropyl betaine, 0.08% by weight hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.04. It has mass% calcium chloride and 0.02 mass% ethylene glycol butyl ether. To this diluted solution, a rust inhibitor is added up to an amount of 0.2% by mass, and an antifoaming agent is added up to an amount of 0.1% by mass.
The composition is a machining operation shown in Table 1, ie aluminum (Al) alloy, brass, cast iron (also known as cast iron), bronze, low carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, and titanium (Ti). ) Can be used for broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing or grinding any of the alloys.

Further embodiments can be provided by combining any of the various embodiments described above. All US patents, US patent application publications, US patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referenced herein and / or listed in the application datasheet are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. It is used for. The embodiments may be modified if necessary to provide further embodiments using the concepts of various patents, applications and publications. These and other changes may be made to the embodiments in the light of the detailed description above. In general, the terms used in the following claims should not be considered to limit the scope of the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but all possible. Embodiments should be considered to include the full range of equivalents within such claims. Therefore, the scope of claims is not limited by disclosure.

Claims (43)

A working fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant, a thickener, and a rust inhibitor. A working fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt, and a rust inhibitor. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant containing a sulfonate group or a sulfate group. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the amphoteric surfactant contains a betaine group. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the first surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises two types of surfactants, and each of the above two types of surfactants is an anionic surfactant. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the two types of surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant and a sulfonate-containing surfactant. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the two surfactants are sodium laureth sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises two types of surfactants, one of which is an anionic surfactant and the other of which is an amphoteric surfactant. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the two types of surfactants are a sulfate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate, and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the two types of surfactants are a sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. It contains three types of surfactants, two of the three types of surfactants are not the same anionic surfactants, and one of the three types of surfactants is an amphoteric surfactant. , The composition according to claim 1 or 2. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the three types of surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant, a sulfonate-containing surfactant, and a betaine-containing surfactant. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the three surfactants are sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, and cocamidopropyl betaine. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rust preventive is sodium nitrite. The composition according to claim 20, wherein the rust preventive is sodium nitrite. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises a thickener which is a cellulosic thickener. The composition according to claim 23, wherein the cellulosic thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose. The composition according to claim 20, which comprises a thickener which is a cellulosic thickener. The composition according to claim 25, wherein the cellulosic thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises an inorganic salt which is calcium chloride. The composition according to claim 20, which comprises an inorganic salt. 28. The composition of claim 28, wherein the inorganic salt is calcium chloride. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises an antifoaming agent. The composition according to claim 30, wherein the defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. The composition according to claim 20, which comprises an antifoaming agent. The composition according to claim 32, wherein the defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. The composition according to claim 20, which comprises one or more of a cellulosic thickener, an inorganic salt, and an antifoaming agent. The composition according to claim 20, which comprises a cellulosic thickener, an inorganic salt, and an antifoaming agent. The composition according to claim 1, which comprises water, a thickener such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, a cellulosic thickener, and a rust preventive agent. The composition according to claim 2, which comprises water, an inorganic salt such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, calcium chloride, and a rust preventive. A method for machining a material selected from metal, stone, glass and plastic, wherein a composition containing the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 37 is obtained from the machined material. A method comprising applying to a machined material piece in an amount and time effective to dissipate the heat of the. 38. The method of claim 38, wherein the machined material is a metal selected from aluminum alloys, brass, cast iron, bronze, low carbon steels, stainless steels, alloy steels, and titanium alloys. 38. The method of claim 38, wherein the processed material is stone. 38. The material of claim 38, wherein the machined material is plastic. 38. The material of claim 38, wherein the material is glass. 38. The machined material piece is subjected to a process selected from broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing, and grinding. The method described in.