KR20150053776A - 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지 - Google Patents
나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20150053776A KR20150053776A KR1020157008420A KR20157008420A KR20150053776A KR 20150053776 A KR20150053776 A KR 20150053776A KR 1020157008420 A KR1020157008420 A KR 1020157008420A KR 20157008420 A KR20157008420 A KR 20157008420A KR 20150053776 A KR20150053776 A KR 20150053776A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- cathode
- halogen
- compartment
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 sodium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- USPTVMVRNZEXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound NS(F)(=O)=O USPTVMVRNZEXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 142
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 119
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 25
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KSSZOYAWVXPUEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4,4-dimethylmorpholin-4-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+]1(C)CCOCC1 KSSZOYAWVXPUEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021525 ceramic electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- NVBCFOQYDFKXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-formyl-1h-indole-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C(C#N)C=C2C(C=O)=CNC2=C1 NVBCFOQYDFKXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- FTPHYDDWASVOGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium fluorosulfonylazanide Chemical compound [H]N([Na])S(F)(=O)=O FTPHYDDWASVOGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGNXNQMVWHPUET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4,4-dimethylmorpholin-4-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+]1(C)CCOCC1 YGNXNQMVWHPUET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000002198 Annona diversifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282838 Lama Species 0.000 description 1
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003249 Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000321453 Paranthias colonus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRXYMHTYEQQBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].[Zn] Chemical compound [Br].[Zn] ZRXYMHTYEQQBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000994 inner shell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VCCATSJUUVERFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)N([Na])S(F)(=O)=O VCCATSJUUVERFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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Abstract
Description
도 1a는 용융된 나트륨 음극 및 펌핑 메커니즘을 포함하는, 방전되는 과정에 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 개략도이고;
도 2는 용융된 나트륨 음극을 포함하는, 재충전되는 과정에 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 개략도이고;
도 2a는 용융된 나트륨 음극 및 펌핑 메커니즘을 포함하는, 재충전되는 과정에 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 개략도이고;
도 3은 음극 격실이 적어도 부분적으로 전지의 양극 격실 내에 배치된 관 모양(tubular design)을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 단면 사시도이고;
도 3a는 음극 격실이 적어도 부분적으로 전지의 양극 격실 내에 배치된 관 모양을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 또 다른 대표적인 실시양태의 단면 사시도이고;
도 4는 고체 음극 및 음극과 고체 나트륨 전도성 전해질 멤브레인 사이에 배치된 비수성 양극액 용액을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 개략도이고;
도 4a는 고체 음극, 펌핑 메커니즘 및 음극과 고체 나트륨 전도성 전해질 멤브레인 사이에 배치된 비수성 양극액 용액을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 개략도이고;
도 5a 및 5b는 각각 발명의 몇 실시양태와 함께 사용되기에 적합한 나시콘-유형 물질의 대표적인 실시양태에 대한 횡단면 현미경 사진이고;
도 6은 전지 속 양극 용액이 용융된 할로겐화 나트륨 및 용융된 나트륨 플루오로설포닐 아마이드를 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 개략도이고;
도 6a는 전지 내 양극 용액이 용융된 할로겐화 나트륨 및 용융된 나트륨 플루오로설포닐 아마이드를 포함하는, 펌핑 메커니즘이 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 개략도이고;
도 7a는 양극 용액이 양극 격실을 통해 흐르도록 하고 음극이 전지의 음극 격실을 통해 흐르도록 구성된, 펌핑 메커니즘이 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 개략도이고;
도 8-13은 각각 실험적인 전지의 대표적인 실시양태의 시험 운영으로부터 얻어진 실험 결과를 보여주는 그래프이고;
도 14는 본원에 따른 또 다른 전지에 대한 개략도이고;
도 15는 본원에 따른 또 다른 전지에 대한 개략도이고;
도 16은 본원에 따른 또 다른 전지에 대한 개략도이고; 그리고
도 17은 본원에 따른 또 다른 전지에 대한 개략도이다.
Claims (35)
- 나트륨을 포함하는 음극을 포함하는 음극 격실이며, 음극은 방전되는 동안 나트륨 이온을 방출하도록 전기화학적으로 산화되고 재충전되는 동안 나트륨 금속을 형성하도록 나트륨 이온을 전기화학적으로 환원시키는 것인 음극 격실;
할로겐 및 할로겐화물 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 액체 양극 용액 내 배치된 집전 장치를 포함하는 양극 격실; 및
음극을 액체 양극 용액으로부터 분리시키는 나트륨 이온 전도성 전해질 멤브레인
을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 음극이 용융된 나트륨 금속을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 음극의 온도가 약 150 ℃ 미만일 때 작동할 수 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제3항에 있어서, 음극의 온도가 또한 약 100 ℃ 초과일 때 작동할 수 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 음극의 온도가 약 250 ℃ 미만일 때 작동할 수 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 음극의 온도가 약 200 ℃ 미만일 때 작동할 수 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 음극의 온도가 약 180 ℃ 미만일 때 작동할 수 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 음극이 나트륨 금속 및 나트륨 인터칼레이팅(intercalating) 탄소 애노드에서 선택된 물질을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제8항에 있어서, 음극이 2차 전지가 작동하는 동안에 실질적으로 고체로 남아있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제8항에 있어서, 음극의 온도가 약 60 ℃ 미만일 때 작동할 수 있는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제8항에 있어서, 음극 및 전해질 멤브레인 사이에 배치된 비수성 양극액 용액을 더 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 전해질 멤브레인이 나시콘(NaSICON)-유형 물질을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제12항에 있어서, 나시콘-유형 물질이 다공성 층 및 조밀한 기능성 코팅 층을 가진 복합 멤브레인을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 액체 양극 용액이 N-메틸 포름아마이드 및 디메틸 설폭사이드에서 선택된 용매를 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 액체 양극 용액이 NaBr, NaI, 및 NaCl에서 선택된 화합물을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 액체 양극 용액이 2차 전지가 작동하는 동안에 나트륨 폴리할로겐화물을 형성하기 위해 할로겐화 나트륨 및 할로겐 원소 중 적어도 하나의 충분한 양을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 액체 양극 용액이 액체 양극 용액 내 할로겐, 할로겐화 나트륨, 및 폴리할로겐화물 중 적어도 어느 하나와 착화물을 형성할 수 있는 착화제를 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 착화제가 테트라메틸 암모늄 할라이드 화합물을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 집전 장치가 구리, 니켈, 아연, 및 그것의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 금속을 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,
양극 격실과 유체 소통하는 제1 저장조; 및
액체 양극 용액이 제1 저장조로부터 양극 격실로 흐르고 집전 장치를 지나도록 구성된 제1 펌핑 메커니즘
을 더 포함하는 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지. - 제20항에 있어서,
음극이 용융된 나트륨 금속을 포함하고,
2차 전지가 음극 격실과 유체 소통하는 제2 유체 저장조, 및 용융된 나트륨 금속이 제2 저장조로부터 음극 격실로 흐르도록 구성된 제2 펌핑 메커니즘을 더 포함하는, 나트륨-할로겐 2차 전지. - 나트륨 금속 음극을 포함하는 음극 격실이며, 나트륨 금속 음극은 방전되는 동안 나트륨 이온을 방출하도록 전기화학적으로 산화되고 재충전 되는 동안 나트륨 이온을 나트륨 금속으로 전기화학적으로 환원시키고, 전지가 작동하는 동안에 용융되는 것인 음극 격실;
할로겐화 나트륨을 포함하는 액체 양극 용액에 배치된 집전 장치를 포함하는 양극 격실; 및
음극을 액체 양극 용액으로부터 분리시키는 나트륨 이온 전도성 전해질 멤브레인
을 포함하는 용융된 나트륨 2차 전지. - 제22항에 있어서, 음극의 온도가 약 100 ℃ 내지 약 150 ℃일 때 작동할 수 있는 용융된 나트륨 2차 전지.
- 제22항에 있어서, 액체 양극 용액이 착화제를 포함하는 용융된 나트륨 2차 전지.
- 제24항에 있어서, 착화제가 테트라메틸 암모늄 할라이드 물질을 포함하는 용융된 나트륨 2차 전지.
- 제22항에 있어서, 액체 양극 용액이 용융된 플루오로설포닐 아마이드에 용해된 용융된 할로겐화 나트륨을 포함하는 용융된 나트륨 2차 전지.
- 제26항에 있어서, 플루오로설포닐 아마이드가 1-에틸-3-메틸이미다졸륨-(비스(플루오로설포닐))아마이드를 포함하는 용융된 나트륨 2차 전지.
- 제22항에 있어서, 집전 장치가 나트륨 인터칼레이팅 물질을 포함하는 용융된 나트륨 2차 전지.
- 제22항에 있어서,
양극 격실과 유체 소통하는 제1 저장조; 및
액체 양극 용액이 제1 저장조로부터 양극 격실로 흐르고 집전 장치를 지나도록 구성된 제1 펌핑 메커니즘
을 더 포함하는 용융된 나트륨 2차 전지. - 음극을 포함하는 음극 격실이며, 음극은 나트륨 금속 및 나트륨 인터칼레이팅 탄소 애노드 중에서 선택된 물질을 포함하고, 방전되는 동안 나트륨 이온을 방출하도록 전기화학적으로 산화되고 재충전되는 동안 나트륨 금속을 형성하도록 나트륨 이온을 전기화학적으로 환원시키고, 2차 전지가 작동하는 동안에 실질적으로 고체 상태로 남아있는 것인 음극 격실;
할로겐 및 할로겐화물 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 액체 양극 용액에 배치된 집전 장치를 포함하는 양극 격실;
음극을 액체 양극 용액으로부터 분리시키는 나트륨 이온 전도성 전해질 멤브레인; 및
음극 및 전해질 멤브레인 사이에 배치된 비수성 양극액 용액을 포함하는 2차 전지. - 제30항에 있어서, 음극의 온도가 약 60 ℃ 미만일 때 작동할 수 있는 2차 전지.
- 제30항에 있어서, 액체 양극 용액은 착화제를 포함하는 2차 전지.
- 제32항에 있어서, 착화제는 N-메틸-N-메틸모르폴리늄 할라이드 물질을 포함하는 2차 전지.
- 제30항에 있어서,
양극 격실과 유체 소통하는 저장조; 및
액체 양극 용액이 저장조로부터 양극 격실로 흐르고 집전 장치를 지나도록 구성된 펌핑 메커니즘
을 더 포함하는 2차 전지. - 금속을 포함하는 음극을 포함하고, 일정량의 나트륨 이온 및 할로겐화물 음이온을 더 포함하는 음극 격실;
할로겐 및 할로겐화물 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 액체 양극 용액 내 배치된 집전 장치를 포함하는 양극 격실; 및
액체 양극 용액으로부터 음극을 분리시키는 나트륨 이온 전도성 전해질 멤브레인
을 포함하는 할로겐-함유 2차 전지.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201261697608P | 2012-09-06 | 2012-09-06 | |
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