KR20130052414A - Feed additives for eel and manufacturing method thereof and culturing method of eel using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of a feed additive is provided to be able to accelerate the growth of eels, and to improve immunity by using Japanese apricot. CONSTITUTION: Japanese apricot, hinoki cypress leaves, saccharide, unrefined rice wine, and water are mixed and fermented by storing the mixture at 20-30 deg. C for 2-4 hours. The fermented product is filtered to separate filtrate and vinasse. The vinasse is pulverized and mixed with the filtrate. In the mixing step, a Smilax china extract extracted from Smilax china is added to the filtrate. 2-10 parts by weight of obtained feed additive are mixed with 100 parts by weight of formula feed. The Japanese apricot fermentation is a fermented mixture of Japanese apricot, saccharide, Korean rice wine and water.

Description

Feed additives for eel farming using plum, and preparation method thereof and feed method for eel using the same {Feed additives for eel and manufacturing method

The present invention relates to a feed additive for eel farming, a method for preparing the same and a method for farming the eel using the same. More specifically, it is possible to improve growth promotion and immunity enhancement of eel using plum, and to improve meat quality and taste of eel. The present invention relates to a feed additive for eel farming, a preparation method thereof, and a method of farming eel using the same.

Eel is a high-protein stamina food, a treasure trove of vitamin A and a comprehensive nutritional supplement for summer foods. Freshwater eel contains a lot of vitamins A, B, and E. In addition, eel fat contains abundant DHA 1332mg, EPA 742mg and lecithin. Lecithin is the main component of the human membrane and is indispensable for brain cells.

In oriental medicine, the effects of freshwater eel are effective for five hemorrhoids and swellings, killing various insects, showing off the five intestines, fixing lung diseases, and having five colors are more effective. It is also highly regarded as a drug to eliminate.

However, the consumption of aquaculture eel has not increased due to concerns about high fat and cholesterol content and prejudice that a large amount of antibiotics are used in the breeding process. As a result, the difficulty of the market is increasing.

Freshwater eel is divided into several stages of growth, and it is a unique species that cannot artificially spawn and hatch. Because of its physiological characteristics, the freshwater eel must be collected and cultured in a suitable environment. In the aquaculture process, many types of infectious diseases, such as bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases, are caused by mass-dense farming, and many cases of farmed eel die.

In order to prevent this, antibiotics for bacterial diseases are added to feed or water for farming in order to control various fish pathogens in Korea, but the misuse of antibiotics is the emergence of resistant bacteria (`` Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents used in Fish farming-Smith Paul et al. 2, Annu. Rev. Fish Dis.No. 4 (1994) pp.273-313), `` Mass mortality of penaeus monodon larvae due to antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi infection ''-Karunasagar 2 others, Aquacult. 128 (1994) pp.203-209) and surrounding water pollution cause serious problems.

Recently, researches on natural substances that can enhance immunity while being suitable for aquaculture fish have been steadily progressed in order to improve these problems, but the development of a substance suitable for fish is still insufficient.

As a countermeasure against this problem, useful materials of plant resources, lactic acid bacteria or minerals have been studied. In particular, plant resources are being studied as safe alternatives. For example, licorice, which is used as an herbal medicine, is known to improve fish growth and disease resistance when used as a feed additive. (Mass mortality of penaeus monodon larvae due to antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi infection, Karunasagar et al., 2, Aquacult. 128 (1994) pp.203-209).

Fruit, one of the plant resources, contains a large amount of organic acid. Among the fruits, plum contains a large amount of citric acid (citric acid) which is excellent in antibacterial effect, and is known to contain various bioactive substances.

As described above, the present invention has been completed by focusing on the effectiveness of plum, and has developed a feed additive which can improve the growth promotion and immunity enhancement of the eel using the plum and feed the eel to feed the meat quality and taste of the eel. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved feed additive, a method of preparing the same, and a method of farming eel using the same.

Eel aquaculture feed additive of the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized in that it comprises plum fermentation and cypress leaf fermentation.

The plum fermentation is characterized in that the fermented by mixing the plum and sugar, makgeolli, water.

The feed additive is characterized in that it further comprises a blue rice vine extract.

And the method of producing an eel culture feed additive of the present invention for achieving the above object is a fermentation step of fermenting by storing for 2 to 4 months at 20 to 30 ℃ by mixing plum and cypress leaves, sugar, makgeolli; Separating the filtrate and the fermentation residue by filtering the fermentation product obtained in the fermentation step; Characterized in that it comprises a; mixing step of pulverizing the fermentation residue and then mixed with the filtrate.

In the mixing step, the filtrate is further characterized in that the mixture of the extract of blue vine extracted from the blue vine.

And the eel farming method of the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized in that the feed additive is blended by mixing 2 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the feed compounded.

As described above, according to the present invention, the growth and immunity of the eel can be enhanced and the productivity can be improved.

In addition, the eel cultured by feeding the feed additive of the present invention can reduce the fishy taste and the elasticity of the meat can be improved to improve the quality and taste of the eel.

Hereinafter, the eel aquaculture feed additive according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

The feed additive of the present invention includes, in one embodiment, plum fermentation and cypress leaf fermentation.

Plums are plum trees ( Prunus) mume ) is mainly produced in Korea, Japan, Taiwan and China. Plums bloom in March-April, bear fruit, and are harvested in Cheongmae in June. Plums are rich in cellulose, free sugar, sitosterol and minerals, and are alkaline foods containing large amounts of organic acids such as succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid. These plums are known to have various effects such as fatigue recovery, liver function recovery, digestion, diabetes improvement, anticancer activity, blood pressure and circulatory disease prevention, antioxidant activity, food poisoning prevention, intestinal environment improvement and detoxification and hookworm function. Bae Ji-hyun, Kim Ki-jin, Kim Seong-mi, Lee Won-jae, Lee Sun-jang, Development of functional beverage containing plum extract, Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 32: 713-719.

Plums having the above effects can be used as a whole, but preferably in the form of fermented fermented plums. This is because in the fermentation process, useful metabolites of microorganisms can be used, and useful components of plum can be effectively extracted without applying heat.

The cypress leaf fermented product is the fermentation of the cypress leaves, the leaves and stems of the native cyanobacteria, which are native to nature, contain various effective ingredients and have excellent effects. Cypress leaf ferment increases the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the feed additive of the present invention.

Cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa ) emits phytoncide, a directional antibiotic in the air or into the ground to protect itself from surrounding pests and microorganisms. Phytoncide is a generic term for bactericidal substances produced by plants to defend themselves from pathogens, pests or microorganisms. The main components of phytoncide are terpene-like compounds, which have a unique directionality and are known to contribute greatly to various forest bath effects such as cardiopulmonary function, vascular function, respiratory reinforcement and skin disinfection.

The amount of phytoncide released and its components vary from tree to tree. Phytoncide emits much more arbor and more conifers than hardwoods than herbaceous or shrubs. Therefore, it is preferable to use arbor, especially coniferous cypress.

The above-mentioned plum fermentation product and cypress leaf fermentation product are mixed at a predetermined ratio and used as a feed additive. For example, 10 to 30 parts by weight of cypress leaf fermentation may be mixed with respect to 100 parts by weight of plum fermentation.

Feed additives of the present invention may further include a blue rice vine extract in addition to the plum fermentation and cypress leaf fermentation in another embodiment. For example, 10 to 30 parts by weight of the cypress leaf fermented product and 5 to 15 parts by weight of blue mussel extract may be mixed with respect to 100 parts by weight of plum fermentation.

Smilax vine china L. ) is a deciduous plant of the family Liliaceae. The rhizome is thick and hard, extending long to the side. Stems grow every 2m around each bar with hook-like thorns. The leaves are alternate, round or broad oval, thick and shiny. The flowering period is May, the fruit is round, about 1cm in diameter, and ripens in red from September to October. It is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, Philippines, Indochina etc. It grows at the forest edge of the mountain. Roots are known to be used for arthritis, back pain, boils, etc. due to the effects of diuresis, detoxification, and gusts.

In the present invention, the blue mule vine may use various organs or parts (eg, leaves, flowers, roots, stems, branches, shells and seeds, etc.) but preferably leaves. The leaves of the blue mule vines are easy to collect and have high antiseptic and antibacterial effects. In the present invention, the leaves of the herbaceous vine may be contained in the form of a powder by pulverization after drying or in the form of an extract extracted by various extraction methods.

Extraction methods include water, anhydrous or hydrous lower alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol), propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, glycerin, acetone, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate Extraction is carried out using a solvent extraction method using a solvent selected from the group consisting of butyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, hexane and mixtures thereof, a supercritical extraction method under reduced pressure and high temperature with carbon dioxide, or an ultrasonic extraction method. Or fermented products fermented using microorganisms.

For example, as an extraction solvent, 2 to 20 times the volume of one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, methanol, butylene glycol, and propylene glycol is added, and extracted by heating at 50 to 120 ° C. for 3 to 20 hours, or 5 Depth 1 ~ 15 days at ~ 40 ℃ by extracting 1 to 5 times can be obtained by extracting the blue vine.

Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the feed additive of the present invention will be described.

First, fermented products are prepared using plums and cypress leaves. Plum and cypress leaves can be fermented to prepare fermented plums and cypress leaves, or fermented together after mixing plum and cypress leaves.

For example, to obtain a fermentation of plum, plum, sugar, makgeolli, water is mixed and fermented. For example, 50 to 150 parts by weight of sugar, 40 to 100 parts by weight of rice wine, and 200 to 400 parts by weight of water are mixed with respect to 100 parts by weight of plum, and then put into a container and stored at 20 to 30 ° C. for 2 to 4 months to ferment. Fermentation is carried out by microorganisms contained in makgeolli, so it is not necessary to artificially inoculate specific fermentation strains. Makgeolli can be omitted when fermenting strains artificially inoculated. For example, 50 to 150 parts by weight of sugar, 40 to 100 parts by weight of rice wine, 200 to 400 parts by weight of water, and 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight of fermented strains are mixed with 100 parts by weight of plum. The (Aspergillus the zymogen mainly Aspergillus Duck party oryzae , KCTC6292), Aspergillus niger , KFCC-11268).

Fermented by mixing cypress leaves, sugar, makgeolli, and water to obtain a cypress leaf fermentation product. For example, 50 to 150 parts by weight of sugar, 40 to 100 parts by weight of rice wine, and 200 to 400 parts by weight of water are mixed with 100 parts by weight of cypress leaves, and then put into a container and stored at 20 to 30 ° C. for 2 to 4 months to ferment. .

When the fermentation of plum and cypress leaves are prepared separately, the fermentation of plum and cypress leaves is prepared, and the separation step is carried out by mixing 10-30 parts by weight of the cypress leaf ferment with respect to 100 parts by weight of plum fermentation.

On the other hand, when the fermentation at the same time mixed with plum and cypress leaves fermented 50 to 150 parts by weight of sugar, 40 to 100 parts by weight of rice wine, 200 to 400 parts by weight of water with respect to 100 parts by weight of the mixture of plum and cypress leaves It is put in and stored in 20 to 30 ℃ for 2 to 4 months to ferment. The mixture consists of 10 to 30 parts by weight of a cypress leaf ferment with respect to 100 parts by weight of plum.

Next, the fermentation product obtained in the fermentation step is subjected to a separation step of separating the filtrate and the fermentation residue by filtration. As a separation method, the fermented product is sieved to separate the filtrate and the fermentation residue.

Next, the separated fermentation residue is pulverized and then mixed with the filtrate to prepare a feed additive. Of course, when the crushed fermentation residue and the filtrate can be mixed with the above-mentioned blue mule vine extract.

Feed additives of the present invention is added to feed the conventional feed for eel farming. In this case, it may be fed by blending 2 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the blended feed. The addition amount of the feed additive can be appropriately adjusted according to the period, growth, season, water temperature, etc. within the range of 2 to 10 parts by weight.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through the following examples. This is for explaining the present invention in more detail, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(Example 1)

After washing the plum (cheongmae) and cypress leaves with water, remove the moisture by passing in a colander and the like, and then mixed the plum to cypress leaves in a weight ratio of 5: 1. 100 parts by weight of sugar, 70 parts by weight of rice wine, and 300 parts by weight of water were mixed with 100 parts by weight of a mixture of plum and cypress leaves, and then put into a jar and kept at 25 ° C. for 3 months to ferment. The fermented product was filtered through a sieve and separated into a filtrate and a fermentation residue. The fermentation residue was then ground and ground. And the ground fermentation residue was mixed with the filtrate to prepare a feed additive.

(Example 2)

A feed additive was prepared by mixing the extract of blue vines in the filtrate and ground fermentation residue prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The mixture of the filtrate and the ground fermentation residue was mixed with the mixture of blue vine extract in a weight ratio of 12: 1.

The blue mule vine extract was extracted by heating water at 100 ° C. for 10 hours after adding 10 times by weight of water to the dried leaves of the green vine.

<Antibacterial Test>

In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the feed additives of Examples 1 and 2, an antimicrobial experiment was conducted using each feed additive as a sample. A test organism to measure the antimicrobial activity effective Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) was used.

After culturing Staphylococcus aureus in a liquid medium, the cultured bacteria were diluted and adjusted to an initial bacterial count of 10 ⁵ to 10 ⁶ CFU / mL and used for the test. After the test bacteria were added to the sample and mixed, the number of bacteria was measured when left at room temperature for 6 hours.

division Early After 6 hours Example 1 5.4 × 10 ⁵ 8.6 × 10 ² Example 2 4.0 × 10 ⁵ 4.2 × 10 ²

As a result of Table 1, in the case of Example 1, the initial bacterial count was reduced to 8.6 × 10 ² CFU / mL after 6 hours at 5.4 × 10 ⁵ CFU / mL. And in the case of Example 2 it was confirmed that the reduction rate is larger than Example 1.

<Form experiment>

Test feeds and crayfish were administered for 30 days to test the growth and mortality of the fish. Test eel was divided into three groups, and test feed 1 and test 2, which were fed feed feeds of Examples 1 and 2, respectively, were added 6 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of a conventional eel compound feed. , Was tested by dividing only the mixed feed without the feed additive of the present invention into a feed control. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

Feeding once a day, about 2% of the weight of the eel was fed. For the experiment, put eel at 20 kg / pyeong per square weight into a circulating filtration tank equipped with a filtration tank and a foam separator. Farmed. The average fish weight per eel at the beginning of the experiment was 83.5g for Experiment 1, 81.2g for Experiment 2, and 84.7g for Control.

division Average body weight (g) % Mortality Experiment 1 142.8 5.2 Experimental Zone 2 145.3 3.5 Control 131.5 19.0

As shown in Table 2, the results of Experiment 1 and 2 was found to be different than the control. That is, the experimental groups 1 and 2 were found to have a higher growth rate than the control group. In particular, Experiment 2 was somewhat higher than Experiment 1.

And looking at the mortality, experimental groups 1 and 2 can be seen that the mortality is significantly lower than the control. The mortality was significantly suppressed in both experimental groups 1 and 2 fed the feed containing the feed additive of the present invention. Experiment 2 showed the lowest mortality.

<Sensory Test>

Sensory tests were performed to determine the preferences of eel and control eel in Experimental Zone 1. For the experiment, Experimental Eel 1 and Control Eel were baked in the brazier for the same time without any seasoning. The panel selected 10 adults (5 males and 5 females) to evaluate the eel's aroma, taste, chewability, and overall preference using a nine-point scale. The results of the sensory test are shown in Table 3 below.

division flavor incense Chewability Overall likelihood Experiment 1 Eel 8.53 8.30 8.71 8.35 Control eel 5.28 5.65 6.34 5.80

Looking at the results of Table 3, in the taste, aroma, chewability, the eel of Experiment 1 was much higher than the control eel score. The eel of Experimental Zone 1 is greatly reduced fishy taste and improves the elasticity of meat seems to improve the texture. Through these results, the feed additive of the present invention is expected to improve the meat quality and taste of the eel.

In the above, the present invention has been described with reference to one embodiment, which is merely exemplary, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent embodiments are possible.

Accordingly, the true scope of protection of the present invention should be determined only by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

Eel aquaculture feed additive comprising a plum fermentation and a cypress leaf fermentation. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermented ume culture feed additive for eel culture, characterized in that the fermentation by mixing the plum and sugar, makgeolli, water. According to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feed additive is eel cultured feed additive, characterized in that it further comprises a blue rice vine extract. Fermentation step of fermenting by storing plum and cypress leaves, sugar, makgeolli, water for 2 to 4 months at 20 to 30 ℃;
Separating the filtrate and the fermentation residue by filtering the fermentation product obtained in the fermentation step;
And mixing and mixing the filtrate with crushed and fermented residues of the fermentation residue. [5] The method of claim 4, wherein the filtrate is further mixed with the extract of the blue mule vine extracted from the blue mule vine in the mixing step. The method of aquaculture of eel, characterized in that the feed additive of any one of claims 1 to 3 by mixing 2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the feed compounded.